EP3374172B1 - Pressing tool designed as a press platen - Google Patents
Pressing tool designed as a press platen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3374172B1 EP3374172B1 EP16797793.3A EP16797793A EP3374172B1 EP 3374172 B1 EP3374172 B1 EP 3374172B1 EP 16797793 A EP16797793 A EP 16797793A EP 3374172 B1 EP3374172 B1 EP 3374172B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- press
- structuring
- laser
- pressing
- pressing plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ether ketone ketone Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920008285 Poly(ether ketone) PEK Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001660 poly(etherketone-etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010020 roller printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
- B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
- B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
- B30B15/062—Press plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a press tool designed as a press plate for coating wood-based panels in hydraulic press systems.
- the coated wooden tool panels are used, for example, as furniture panels or floor panels, the surfaces of which are equipped with synthetic resin films.
- the synthetic resin films usually consist of printed or plain-colored fine cellulose papers and are soaked in the so-called impregnation plants with the pre-condensed resins and then further condensed in a heated drying zone until they reach a certain moisture content of around 8%.
- the synthetic resin films consist, for example, of so-called aminoplast resins based on melamine and formaldehyde or also of mixed resins of melamine / urea and formaldehyde. These mixtures are precondensed at a certain condensation temperature and pH in a reaction vessel with an agitator until they have reached the desired viscosity and degree of crosslinking.
- pre-condensates are used for paper impregnation.
- the paper is impregnated using the impregnation process. This is followed by drying in horizontal air ducts at approx. 125 to 155 ° C. This process step initially represents another polycondensation which is interrupted after the drying zone.
- the synthetic resin films are initially firm and easy to transport, so that they can be processed well in the hydraulic press systems.
- the coating of the wood-based panels, which are formulated as MDF, HDF, chipboard or plywood, takes place in so-called hydraulic, heated press systems.
- the heating plates are fixed with appropriate press plates, the surfaces of which are structured or smooth with different degrees of gloss.
- Press pads made of elastic materials are used between the heating plates and the press plates, which serve to equalize the pressure and to compensate for the thickness tolerances of the press plates and press system.
- the coating material which consists of the synthetic resin films and the wood-based panels, is run into the heated press systems, the system closes and is subjected to the required pressure.
- the precondensed aminoplast resins become liquid again, the condensation of the resins and thus the spatial crosslinking continues. It increases the viscosity of the resins until after a certain time they are converted into the solid and irreversible state. During this process, the surface of the resins is also formed and it takes on the exact structure and gloss level of the corresponding surface of the press plates used.
- metallic press plates consist of a brass material from the material group MS 64 or chrome steels according to DIN 1.4024 according to AISI 410 or DIN 1.4542 according to AISI 630.
- Other metallic materials cannot be used as press plates due to their purity, surface formation or their technical data.
- the purity of the material plays a crucial role in surface processing.
- the chrome steels used must not have cavities so that there are no flaws in the subsequent surface treatment.
- the chrome steels listed are vacuum melted and therefore show a uniform and clean metal structure during the rolling process.
- the rolled raw plates must first be ground in order to achieve a certain thickness tolerance.
- the etching method remains the currently productive method.
- an etching reserve is first applied to the prepared sheet metal surface by means of screen printing, roller printing or digitally using an inkjet printhead. An older method with a photo layer that is then exposed and fixed is hardly used today.
- the sheet is treated accordingly with FeCl 3 in an acid bath. The free unprinted areas are attacked by the acid without any etching reserve and metal is removed in accordance with the desired structure depth.
- the structures can be rounded or designed accordingly.
- the gloss level setting of the Structured sheet metal surfaces are done in a blasting process with different blasting media and blasting thicknesses, according to the desired degree of gloss.
- the final processing stage is the subsequent chrome plating in order to protect the sheet metal surfaces against abrasion and to achieve a good separation effect compared to the aminoplast resins.
- Structure fabrication using the chemical etching process is a complex and difficult production process, since the structure depths cannot be measured, for example, during the etching process. It is therefore based on the etching time and assumes that the structure depth will then always be the same. In practice, however, it has been shown that this is not the case, because various parameters have a considerable influence on the etching speed and thus on the etching depth of the structure. Acid temperature, acid pressure during spray etching, acid concentration are all factors that influence the etching process.
- Another disadvantage of FeCl 3 is that it is harmful to health, it is extremely irritating to the skin and there is a risk of serious damage to eyes.
- the backs of the steel sheets have a certain roughness, since relative movements occur during the pressing process, the backs of the sheets rub over the press pads, which are equipped with soft metal threads in the form of copper or brass threads.
- the metal threads are necessary to transfer the heat transfer from the heating plate to the material to be pressed via the press plate.
- the abrasion then leads to thin metal threads that can no longer absorb the high tensile stresses within the upholstery and tear.
- the upholstery become unusable.
- the use of metallic press plates in the coating of wood-based panels is therefore unsatisfactory.
- EP 0611 638 A1 discloses a pressing tool according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an improved press tool designed as a press plate.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a pressing tool for coating wood-based panels in hydraulic heating presses with the features of claim 1.
- Polyether ether ketones are relatively light and more convenient to handle. There are several processes available for structuring that are healthier and more reliable, and which can thus eliminate the negative properties of the metal press plates. Surprisingly, the PEEK sheets showed high strength despite a much lower density of 1.31 kg / dm 3 and PEEK with 30% CA of 1.41 kg / dm 3 .
- a steel sheet of quality DIN 1.4542 or AISI 630 shows a density of 7.8 kg / dm 3 . This means a press plate of the format 6200 ⁇ 2400 mm in 5 mm thickness results in a total weight of approx.
- etching media such as FeCl 3
- One type of structuring is the fused deposition modeling FDM method, also known as fused filament fabrication FFF.
- FDM fused deposition modeling FDM
- a grid of dots is first applied to a surface, similar to a normal printer, the dots being liquefied by heating a wire-shaped plastic, applied by extrusion using a nozzle, and then hardened by cooling to the desired one Position in a grid of the working plane.
- the structure of the structure is usually done by repeating one working level line by line and then shifting the working level upwards in a stack so that a structure is created in layers.
- the layer thicknesses are between 25 and 1250 ⁇ m.
- the data transfer is done using CAD technology.
- the press plate is made of polyether ether ketone PEEK with at least 10 to 50% with a carbon fiber or with at least 10 to 50% of a graphite powder or with at least 10 to 50% of a thermally conductive material.
- the press plate can consist of a polyimide PI, a polyamideimide PAI, a polyether ketone PEK, a polyether ketone ether ketone PEKEKK, a polyphenylene sulfide PPS, a polyaryl ether ketone PAEK, a polybenzimidazole PBI or a liquid cristal polymer LCP.
- a CO 2 laser can be used with the PEEK sheet, which has significantly longer ablation times than with metal removal.
- the laser being a pulsed fiber laser.
- the removal rate is very low with the pulsed fiber laser.
- the CO 2 laser is based on the fact that a so-called laser-active medium, in this case carbon dioxide CO 2 , is pumped by external energy supply. Atomic processes then take place in the medium itself, which take advantage of a complex device structure ultimately cause a chain reaction and thus the emission of laser light.
- the CO 2 laser is also known as a gas laser.
- the gas laser it is much easier to realize a larger volume of the laser-active material than, for example, with the fixed laser, simply by dimensioning the container large enough and allowing a corresponding amount of gas to flow in.
- the volume has a direct influence on the achievable intensity of the laser, which means that high powers can also be achieved.
- the CO 2 laser has a long wavelength, which is why it is well absorbed by plastics, while metal surfaces reflect stronger and therefore the removal is less. A power of 200 to 300 watts is sufficient for plastics to achieve good removal rates.
- Another structure production variant is die pressing.
- structures can be produced by the action of temperature and pressure.
- a negative structure is used in a steel sheet that serves as a master sample.
- This master sample serves as a structure generator for all other plastic press plates.
- Under pressure and temperature that is below the melting point of the plastic, but still above the softening point the negative structure is embossed into the plastic sheet and thus receives a positive structure.
- the press material is cooled under pressure until it is just below the softening point of the plastic used and then the press material is removed.
- Reproducible structures can be produced using this method. Contrary to the structure production with metallic press plates in the chemical etching process, these structures are all identical and show no deviations. In this way, it is possible to manufacture a structure that is reliable and does not pose a health risk.
- the sheet metal surfaces can also be further processed as with the metallic press sheets.
- the level of gloss is adjusted using blasting media at a specific jet pressure, depending on the desired level of gloss.
- the plastic sheets can also be chrome-plated to protect the surfaces, but it is advisable to apply a Cu layer beforehand. This can be done, for example, by reductive copper plating for plastics, or the electroless copper plating of plastics is also used the products Baymetec and Baycoflex.
- the usual chrome plating can be carried out in galvanic baths. It has been shown in the tests that not every plastic is suitable for the use of press plates in hydraulic heating presses for plastic coating. The softening point of the plastics must be far above the processing temperature that prevails in the heating presses. This is usually between 190 and 220 ° C.
- the plastic polyetheretherketone PEEK with an enrichment of approx. 30% carbon fiber or graphite has surprisingly been well suited for the production of press plates.
- plastics have poorer thermal conductivity than metals, these differences could be largely compensated for by an enrichment of carbon fiber or graphite powder.
- the plastic sheets show a better and closer fixation to the heating plates, so that the heat loss that occurs with the metallic press sheets due to the large sag does not take place here.
- the different degrees of gloss can also be achieved by different coatings of the surface of the press plate made of a high-temperature-resistant plastic of provenance polyether ether ketone, similar to that in EP 2 060 658 B1 described.
- An embodiment of the invention is shown in the attached schematic figure, which shows a press tool designed as a press plate 1.
- the press plate 1 consists of a high-temperature-resistant polyether ether ketone plastic and comprises a surface 2 which is structured or smooth with different degrees of gloss.
- the press plate 1 is enriched with at least 10 to 50% of a carbon fiber or with at least 10 to 50% of a graphite powder or with at least 10 to 50% of a thermally conductive material.
- the press plate 1 can consist, for example, of a polyimide, a polyamideimide, a polyether ketone, a polyether ketone ether ketone ketone, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyaryl ether ketone, a polybenzimidazole, or a Liquid Cristal Polymer LCP.
- the structuring of the surface 2 of the press plate 1 was produced in the case of the present exemplary embodiment by means of a CO 2 laser 3.
- digitized data of a 3-D topography of a previously removed structure assigned to the structuring of the surface 2 were used for controlling the X, Y and Z coordinates of the CO 2 laser 3.
- the structuring of the surface 2 of the press plate 3 can also be carried out by means of a die pressing or produced using the fused deposition modeling method.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Presses And Accessory Devices Thereof (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein als Pressblech ausgebildetes Presswerkzeug zur Beschichtung von Holzwerkstoffplatten in hydraulischen Pressenanlagen.The invention relates to a press tool designed as a press plate for coating wood-based panels in hydraulic press systems.
Die beschichteten Holzwerkzeugplatten werden zum Beispiel als Möbelplatten oder Fußbodenplatten eingesetzt, deren Oberflächen mit Kunstharzfilmen ausgerüstet sind. Die Kunstharzfilme bestehen in der Regel aus bedruckten oder unifarbigen Edelzellstoffpapieren und werden in sogenannten Imprägnierungsanlagen mit den vorkondensierten Harzen durchtränkt und anschließend in einer beheizten Trockenzone weiter kondensiert, bis zu einem bestimmten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der bei ca. 8% liegt. Die Kunstharzfilme bestehen z.B. aus sogenannten Aminoplastharzen auf Basis von Melamin und Formaldehyd oder auch aus Mischharzen von Melamin/Hamstoff und Formaldehyd. Diese Mischungen werden bei einer bestimmten Kondensationstemperatur und einem pH-Wert in einem Reaktionsbehälter mit Rührwerk zunächst vorkondensiert, bis sie die gewünschte Viskosität und den Vernetzungsgrad erreicht haben. Diese sogenannten Vorkondensate werden für die Papierimprägnierung eingesetzt. Die Imprägnierung der Papiere erfolgt im Tränkverfahren. Daran schließt sich die Trocknung in horizontalen Tragluftkanälen bei ca. 125 bis 155°C an. Dieser Prozessschritt stellt zunächst eine weitere Polykondensation dar die nach der Trocknungszone unterbrochen wird. Die Kunstharzfilme sind zunächst fest und gut transportierbar, sodass man sie in den hydraulischen Pressenanlagen gut verarbeiten kann. Die Beschichtung der Holzwerkstoffplatten die als MDF-, HDF-, Span- oder Sperrholzplatten formuliert sind, geschieht in sogenannten hydraulisch, beheizbaren Pressenanlagen. Die Heizplatten werden mit entsprechenden Pressblechen, deren Oberflächen strukturiert oder glatt mit verschiedenen Glanzgraden ausgerüstet sind fixiert. Zwischen den Heizplatten und den Pressblechen werden Presspolster aus elastischen Materialien eingesetzt, die zum Druckausgleich dienen und die Dickentoleranzen der Pressbleche und Pressenanlage ausgleichen sollen. Das Beschichtungsgut, welches aus den Kunstharzfilmen und den Holzwerkstoffplatten besteht, wird in den aufgeheizten Pressenanlagen eingefahren, die Anlage schließt und wird mit dem entsprechend benötigten Pressdruck beaufschlagt. Dabei werden die vorkondensierten Aminoplastharze wieder flüssig, die Kondensation der Harze und somit die räumliche Vernetzung schreitet weiter fort. Es erhöht sich dabei die Viskosität der Harze, bis sie nach einer bestimmten Zeit in den festen und irreversiblen Zustand überführt sind. Bei diesem Vorgang wird ebenfalls die Oberfläche der Harze ausgebildet und sie übernimmt genau die entsprechende Oberfläche der eingesetzten Pressbleche in Struktur und Glanzgrad. Nach dem Stand der Technik werden grundsätzlich metallische Pressbleche eingesetzt, die aus einem Messingwerkstoff der Werkstoffgruppe MS 64 oder aus Chromstählen nach DIN 1.4024 entsprechend AISI 410 oder DIN 1.4542 entsprechend AISI 630 bestehen. Andere metallische Werkstoffe lassen sich aufgrund ihrer Reinheit, Oberflächenausbildung oder deren technischen Daten nicht als Pressbleche einsetzen. Bei der Oberflächenbearbeitung spielt zum Beispiel die Reinheit des Materials eine ganz entscheidende Rolle. Die eingesetzten Chromstähle dürfen keine Lunker aufweisen damit bei der späteren Oberflächenbearbeitung keine Fehlerstellen auftreten. Die aufgeführten Chromstähle sind Vakuum erschmolzen und zeigen daher beim Walzprozess einheitliches und sauberes Metallgefüge. Für die Herstellung der Pressbleche müssen die gewalzten Rohbleche zunächst geschliffen werden, um eine bestimmte Dickentoleranz zu erreichen. Die sollte nach Möglichkeit klein sein, in der Regel werden Toleranzen von 0,10 bis 0,15 mm erzielt. Weitere Stufen der Bearbeitung sind danach der Pflock- oder Feinstschliff um die Schleifriefen des Toleranzschliffs möglichst zu eliminieren. Eine anschließende Politur bildet die Vorbereitungsstufe für die Oberflächenausgestaltung. Will man die Oberfläche mit einer Struktur versehen, so können diese nach dem Stand der Technik in einem chemischen Ätzverfahren mit einer Ätzsäure bestehend aus FeCl3 hergestellt werden. Es ist aber auch der Metallabtrag, der zur Strukturierung notwendig wird, mittels eines Lasers möglich. Dazu werden Feststofflaser eingesetzt, wobei die Ablationszeiten sehr lang sind und daher für die großen Blechformate zur Zeit noch unwirtschaftlich sind. Eine weitere theoretische Methode ist der Metallauftrag und damit der Strukturauftrag im 3D-Druckverfahren denkbar. Beide aufgeführten Methoden werden zur Zeit noch nicht angewandt. Daher bleibt die Ätzmethode die zur Zeit produktive Methode. Bei dem chemischen Ätzverfahren wird zunächst auf der vorbereiteten Blechoberfläche eine Ätzreserve mittels Siebdruck, Walzendruck oder digital mit einem Tintenstrahldruckkopf aufgetragen. Eine ältere Methode mit einer Photoschicht die anschließend belichtet und fixiert wird, ist heute kaum noch in Gebrauch. Nachdem die Ätzreserve aufgetragen ist, wird das Blech in einem Säurebad mit FeCl3 entsprechend behandelt. Dabei werden die freien unbedruckten Flächen ohne Ätzreserve von der Säure angegriffen und es erfolgt ein Metallabtrag entsprechend der gewünschten Strukturtiefe. In weiteren Prozessschritten können die Strukturen noch verrundet oder entsprechend ausgestaltet werden. Die Glanzgradeinstellung der strukturierten Blechoberflächen erfolgt in einem Strahlverfahren mit unterschiedlichen Strahlmedien und Strahldücken, entsprechend des gewünschten Glanzgrades.The coated wooden tool panels are used, for example, as furniture panels or floor panels, the surfaces of which are equipped with synthetic resin films. The synthetic resin films usually consist of printed or plain-colored fine cellulose papers and are soaked in the so-called impregnation plants with the pre-condensed resins and then further condensed in a heated drying zone until they reach a certain moisture content of around 8%. The synthetic resin films consist, for example, of so-called aminoplast resins based on melamine and formaldehyde or also of mixed resins of melamine / urea and formaldehyde. These mixtures are precondensed at a certain condensation temperature and pH in a reaction vessel with an agitator until they have reached the desired viscosity and degree of crosslinking. These so-called pre-condensates are used for paper impregnation. The paper is impregnated using the impregnation process. This is followed by drying in horizontal air ducts at approx. 125 to 155 ° C. This process step initially represents another polycondensation which is interrupted after the drying zone. The synthetic resin films are initially firm and easy to transport, so that they can be processed well in the hydraulic press systems. The coating of the wood-based panels, which are formulated as MDF, HDF, chipboard or plywood, takes place in so-called hydraulic, heated press systems. The heating plates are fixed with appropriate press plates, the surfaces of which are structured or smooth with different degrees of gloss. Press pads made of elastic materials are used between the heating plates and the press plates, which serve to equalize the pressure and to compensate for the thickness tolerances of the press plates and press system. The coating material, which consists of the synthetic resin films and the wood-based panels, is run into the heated press systems, the system closes and is subjected to the required pressure. The precondensed aminoplast resins become liquid again, the condensation of the resins and thus the spatial crosslinking continues. It increases the viscosity of the resins until after a certain time they are converted into the solid and irreversible state. During this process, the surface of the resins is also formed and it takes on the exact structure and gloss level of the corresponding surface of the press plates used. According to the state of the art, metallic press plates are used, which consist of a brass material from the material group MS 64 or chrome steels according to DIN 1.4024 according to AISI 410 or DIN 1.4542 according to AISI 630. Other metallic materials cannot be used as press plates due to their purity, surface formation or their technical data. For example, the purity of the material plays a crucial role in surface processing. The chrome steels used must not have cavities so that there are no flaws in the subsequent surface treatment. The chrome steels listed are vacuum melted and therefore show a uniform and clean metal structure during the rolling process. For the production of the press plates, the rolled raw plates must first be ground in order to achieve a certain thickness tolerance. It should be as small as possible, as a rule tolerances of 0.10 to 0.15 mm are achieved. Further stages of processing are then the stake or very fine sanding in order to eliminate the sanding marks of the tolerance sanding as far as possible. A subsequent polish forms the preparation stage for the surface design. If you want to provide the surface with a structure, it can be produced according to the prior art in a chemical etching process using an etching acid consisting of FeCl 3 . However, metal removal, which is necessary for structuring, is also possible using a laser. Solid lasers are used for this, the ablation times being very long and therefore currently uneconomical for the large sheet formats. Another theoretical method is the metal application and thus the structure application in the 3D printing process. Neither of the methods listed are currently used. Therefore, the etching method remains the currently productive method. In the chemical etching process, an etching reserve is first applied to the prepared sheet metal surface by means of screen printing, roller printing or digitally using an inkjet printhead. An older method with a photo layer that is then exposed and fixed is hardly used today. After the etching reserve has been applied, the sheet is treated accordingly with FeCl 3 in an acid bath. The free unprinted areas are attacked by the acid without any etching reserve and metal is removed in accordance with the desired structure depth. In further process steps, the structures can be rounded or designed accordingly. The gloss level setting of the Structured sheet metal surfaces are done in a blasting process with different blasting media and blasting thicknesses, according to the desired degree of gloss.
Die letzte Bearbeitungsstufe ist die anschließende Verchromung, um die Blechoberflächen gegen Abrieb zu schützen und gegenüber den Aminoplastharzen eine gute Trennwirkung zu erzielen. Die Strukturherstellung nach dem chemischen Ätzverfahren ist ein komplexes und schwieriges Produktionsverfahren, da die Strukturtiefen zum Beispiel während des Ätzprozesses nicht messbar sind. Man richtet sich daher nach der Ätzzeit und nimmt an, dass die Strukturtiefe dann entsprechend immer gleich sein wird. In der Praxis hat sich aber gezeigt, dass dieses nicht der Fall ist, denn verschiedene Parameter haben einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Ätzgeschwindigkeit und somit auf die Ätztiefe der Struktur. Säuretemperatur, Säuredruck bei der Sprühätzung, Säurekonzentration sind alles Faktoren die den Ätzprozess beeinflussen. Ein weiterer Nachteil von FeCl3 ist die Gesundheitsschädlichkeit, es reizt stark die Haut und besteht die Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.The final processing stage is the subsequent chrome plating in order to protect the sheet metal surfaces against abrasion and to achieve a good separation effect compared to the aminoplast resins. Structure fabrication using the chemical etching process is a complex and difficult production process, since the structure depths cannot be measured, for example, during the etching process. It is therefore based on the etching time and assumes that the structure depth will then always be the same. In practice, however, it has been shown that this is not the case, because various parameters have a considerable influence on the etching speed and thus on the etching depth of the structure. Acid temperature, acid pressure during spray etching, acid concentration are all factors that influence the etching process. Another disadvantage of FeCl 3 is that it is harmful to health, it is extremely irritating to the skin and there is a risk of serious damage to eyes.
Stahl- oder Messingbleche lassen sich aufgrund ihres Gewichtes schlecht in den Pressenanlagen fixieren, speziell bei den Oberblechen benötigt man sehr hohe Spanndrücke. Hohe Spanndrücke können aber auch zu Verspannungen der Bleche führen, wenn sie unsachgemäß in den Anlagen eingebaut werden. Bedingt durch die Schwere der Bleche entsteht ein großer Durchhang, beim Schließen der Presse werden sie in die waagerechte Haltung gezwungen und erleiden dadurch eine Ausdehnung. Eine weitere Ausdehnung erfolgt unter Druck da die Heizplattentemperatur wesentlich höher ist als die Blechtemperatur. Können sich die Bleche in den Spannvorrichtungen, die sich außerhalb der Heizplatten befinden, nicht ausdehnen, kommt es zu den bekannten plastischen Blechverspannungen. Im kalten Zustand sind die Bleche nicht mehr plan und können deshalb auch nicht wieder aufgearbeitet und müssen verschrottet werden. Beim Einsatz von Stahlblechen hat sich gezeigt, dass der Verschleiß der Presspolster sehr ungünstig ist. Die Rückseiten der Stahlbleche weisen eine bestimmte Rauhigkeit auf, da während des Pressvorgangs Relativbewegungen auftreten, reiben die Blechrückseiten über die Presspolster die mit weichen Metallfäden in Form von Cu- oder Ms-Fäden ausgerüstet sind. Die Metallfäden sind notwendig um den Wärmetransport von Heizplatte über das Pressblech auf das Pressgut zu übertragen. Der Abrieb führt dann zu dünnen Metallfäden, die die hohen Zugspannungen innerhalb der Polster nicht mehr auffangen können und zerreißen. Die Polster werden dadurch unbrauchbar. Der Einsatz von metallischen Pressblechen bei der Beschichtung von Holzwerkstoffplatten ist daher nicht zufriedenstellend.Steel or brass sheets are difficult to fix in the press systems due to their weight, especially with the top sheets you need very high clamping pressures. High clamping pressures can also lead to tension in the sheets if they are improperly installed in the systems. Due to the weight of the sheets, there is a large sag. When the press is closed, they are forced into a horizontal position and thereby expand. A further expansion takes place under pressure since the heating plate temperature is significantly higher than the sheet temperature. If the sheets in the clamping devices, which are located outside of the heating plates, cannot expand, the known plastic sheet tensions occur. When cold, the sheets are no longer flat and therefore cannot be reconditioned and must be scrapped. When using steel sheets, it has been shown that the wear of the press pads is very unfavorable. The backs of the steel sheets have a certain roughness, since relative movements occur during the pressing process, the backs of the sheets rub over the press pads, which are equipped with soft metal threads in the form of copper or brass threads. The metal threads are necessary to transfer the heat transfer from the heating plate to the material to be pressed via the press plate. The abrasion then leads to thin metal threads that can no longer absorb the high tensile stresses within the upholstery and tear. The upholstery become unusable. The use of metallic press plates in the coating of wood-based panels is therefore unsatisfactory.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes, als Pressblech ausgebildetes Presswerkzeug anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an improved press tool designed as a press plate.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird gelöst durch ein Presswerkzeug zur Beschichtung von Holzwerkstoffplatten in hydraulischen Heizpressen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.The object of the invention is achieved by a pressing tool for coating wood-based panels in hydraulic heating presses with the features of claim 1.
Polyetheretherketone sind relativ leicht und in ihrer Handhabung vorteilhafter, für die Strukturierung stehen mehrere Prozesse zur Verfügung, die gesundheitsfreundlicher und prozesssicherer sind und die negativen Eigenschaften der metallischen Pressbleche damit eliminiert werden können. Überraschenderweise zeigten die PEEK Bleche eine hohe Festigkeit trotz wesentlich geringerer Dichte von 1,31 kg/dm3 und PEEK mit 30% CA von 1,41 kg/dm3. Ein Stahlblech der Qualität DIN 1.4542 oder AISI 630 zeigt eine Dichte von 7,8 kg/dm3. Das bedeutet ein Pressblech von dem Format 6200 × 2400 mm in 5 mm Dicke, ergibt ein Gesamtgewicht von ca. 580 kg, während ein PEEK Blech in gleicher Größenordnung hingegen nur 97 kg bzw. ein PEEK Blech mit 30% CA 105 kg wiegt. Man sieht, dass das Stahlblech fast 6 mal schwerer ist als ein Kunststoffblech. Daher lassen sich die Kunststoffbleche wesentlich leichter in der Pressenanlage mechanisch fixieren und führen nicht zu den beschriebenen Problemen, die bei den metallischen Pressblechen auftreten können. Es ist aber auch möglich die Kunststoffbleche in der Pressenanlage direkt mit den Presspolstern über einen chemischen Mechanismus zu fixieren. Bedingt durch den geringen Durchhang der Bleche und den günstigen Reibungsfaktor werden die Presspolster, speziell deren Metallfäden gegen Abrieb geschützt und somit die Lebensdauer der Polster verlängert. Bei der Strukturierung der Oberflächen stehen bei den Kunststoffblechen verschiedene Produktionsprozesse zur Verfügung. Da sie nicht mit Ätzmedien wie zum Beispiel FeCl3 behandelt werden, sind die Methoden umweltfreundlich und nicht gesundheitsgefährlich. Eine Strukturierungsart ist die Fused Deposition Modeling FDM Methode auch als Schmelzschichtung Fused Filament Fabrication FFF bezeichnet. Im Schmelzschichtverfahren wird zunächst, ähnlich wie bei einem normalen Drucker, ein Raster von Punkten auf eine Fläche aufgetragen, wobei die Punkte durch die Verflüssigung eines drahtförmigen Kunststoffs durch Erwärmung, der Aufbringung durch Extrudieren mittels einer Düse, sowie einer anschließenden Erhärtung durch Abkühlung an der gewünschten Position in einem Raster der Arbeitsebene entstehen. Der Aufbau der Struktur erfolgt üblich indem wiederholt, jeweils zeilenweise eine Arbeitsebene abgefahren und dann die Arbeitsebene stapelnd nach oben verschoben wird, sodass eine Struktur schichtweise entsteht. Die Schichtdicken liegen je nach gewünschter Strukturtiefe zwischen 25 bis 1250 µm. Die Datenübertagung geschieht mittels CAD Technologie.Polyether ether ketones are relatively light and more convenient to handle. There are several processes available for structuring that are healthier and more reliable, and which can thus eliminate the negative properties of the metal press plates. Surprisingly, the PEEK sheets showed high strength despite a much lower density of 1.31 kg / dm 3 and PEEK with 30% CA of 1.41 kg / dm 3 . A steel sheet of quality DIN 1.4542 or AISI 630 shows a density of 7.8 kg / dm 3 . This means a press plate of the format 6200 × 2400 mm in 5 mm thickness results in a total weight of approx. 580 kg, whereas a PEEK plate of the same size weighs only 97 kg or a PEEK plate with 30% CA 105 kg. You can see that the steel sheet is almost 6 times heavier than a plastic sheet. Therefore, the plastic sheets can be mechanically fixed much easier in the press system and do not lead to the described problems that can occur with the metal press sheets. But it is also possible to fix the plastic sheets in the press system directly with the press pads using a chemical mechanism. Due to the low sag of the sheets and the favorable friction factor, the press pads, especially their metal threads, are protected against abrasion and thus extends the life of the upholstery. Various production processes are available for structuring the surfaces of plastic sheets. Since they are not treated with etching media such as FeCl 3 , the methods are environmentally friendly and not dangerous to health. One type of structuring is the fused deposition modeling FDM method, also known as fused filament fabrication FFF. In the melt-layer process, a grid of dots is first applied to a surface, similar to a normal printer, the dots being liquefied by heating a wire-shaped plastic, applied by extrusion using a nozzle, and then hardened by cooling to the desired one Position in a grid of the working plane. The structure of the structure is usually done by repeating one working level line by line and then shifting the working level upwards in a stack so that a structure is created in layers. Depending on the desired structure depth, the layer thicknesses are between 25 and 1250 µm. The data transfer is done using CAD technology.
Das Pressblech ist aus Polyetheretherketon PEEK mit mindestens 10 bis 50% mit einer Karbonfaser oder mit mindestens 10 bis 50% eines Graphitpulvers oder mit mindestens 10 bis 50% eines wärmeleitfähigen Materials angereichert.The press plate is made of polyether ether ketone PEEK with at least 10 to 50% with a carbon fiber or with at least 10 to 50% of a graphite powder or with at least 10 to 50% of a thermally conductive material.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel nicht Teil der Erfindung, kann das Pressblech aus einem Polyimid PI, einem Polyamidimid PAI, einem Polyetherketon PEK, einem Polyetherketonetherketonketon PEKEKK, einem Polyphenylensulfid PPS, einem Polyaryletherketon PAEK, einem Polybenzimidazol PBI oder einem Liquid Cristal Polymer LCP bestehen.In one embodiment, not part of the invention, the press plate can consist of a polyimide PI, a polyamideimide PAI, a polyether ketone PEK, a polyether ketone ether ketone ketone PEKEKK, a polyphenylene sulfide PPS, a polyaryl ether ketone PAEK, a polybenzimidazole PBI or a liquid cristal polymer LCP.
Eine weitere Technologie der Strukturherstellung bietet die Lasertechnologie. Anders als bei der metallischen Pressblechherstellung kann bei dem PEEK-Blech ein CO2-Laser eingesetzt werden, der wesentlich höhere Ablationszeiten hat als bei einem metallischen Abtrag. Bei der metallischen Blechherstellung wird laut der
Eine weitere Strukturherstellungsvariante ist die Matrizenpressung. Anders als bei Metallen können bei Kunststoffen Strukturen durch Temperatur- und Druckeinwirkung hergestellt werden. Zunächst wird in einem Stahlblech eine negative Struktur die als Urmuster dient hergestellt. Dieses Urmuster dient als Strukturgeber für alle weiteren Kunststoffpressbleche. Unter Druck und Temperatur die unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Kunststoffes liegt, aber noch über den Erweichungspunkt, wird die Negativstruktur in das Kunststoffblech eingeprägt und erhält somit eine Positivstruktur. Unter Druck kühlt man das Pressgut soweit bis kurz unter dem Erweichungspunkt des eingesetzten Kunststoffes ab und entnimmt dann das Pressgut.Another structure production variant is die pressing. In contrast to metals, structures can be produced by the action of temperature and pressure. First, a negative structure is used in a steel sheet that serves as a master sample. This master sample serves as a structure generator for all other plastic press plates. Under pressure and temperature that is below the melting point of the plastic, but still above the softening point, the negative structure is embossed into the plastic sheet and thus receives a positive structure. The press material is cooled under pressure until it is just below the softening point of the plastic used and then the press material is removed.
Es können nach dieser Methode reproduzierbare Strukturen hergestellt werden. Entgegen der Strukturherstellung bei metallischen Pressblechen im chemischen Ätzverfahren sind diese Strukturen alle identisch und zeigen keine Abweichungen. Auf diese Art und Weise wird eine Strukturherstellung möglich, die prozesssicher ist und keine Gesundheitsgefährdung darstellt. Nach der Strukturierung können die Blechoberflächen ebenfalls wie bei den metallischen Pressblechen weiterbearbeitet werden. Die Glanzgradeinstellung erfolgt mittels Strahlmedien bei einem bestimmten Strahldruck, je nach gewünschtem Glanzgrad. Zum Schutz der Oberflächen können die Kunststoffbleche ebenfalls verchromt werden, es empfiehlt sich aber vorher eine Cu-Schicht aufzutragen. Diese kann zum Beispiel durch eine reduktive Verkupferung für Kunststoffe erfolgen oder man wendet die stromlose Verkupferung von Kunststoffen an, mit den Produkten Baymetec und Baycoflex. Nach der Verkupferung kann die übliche Verchromung in galvanischen Bädern erfolgen. Es hat sich in den Versuchen gezeigt, dass nicht jeder Kunststoff für den Einsatz von Pressblechen in hydraulischen Heizpressen zur Kunststoffbeschichtung geeignet ist. Der Erweichungspunkt der Kunststoffe muss weit über die Verarbeitungstemperatur die in den Heizpressen vorherrschen liegen. Diese beträgt in der Regel zwischen 190 und 220°C. Der Kunststoff Polyetheretherketon PEEK mit einer Anreicherung von ca. 30% Karbonfaser oder Graphit hat sich überraschenderweise gut für die Herstellung von Pressblechen geeignet. Obwohl Kunststoffe gegenüber Metallen über eine schlechtere Wärmeleitfähigkeit verfügen, konnten diese Unterschiede durch eine Anreicherung einer Karbonfaser oder durch Graphitpulver weitestgehend kompensiert werden. Weiterhin zeigen die Kunststoffbleche bedingt durch ihre Leichtigkeit eine bessere und engere Fixierung an den Heizplatten, sodass der Wärmeverlust der bei den metallischen Pressblechen, bedingt durch den großen Durchhang, auftritt, hier nicht stattfindet. Diese Vorteile kompensieren ebenfalls die unterschiedlichen Wärmeleitzahlen.Reproducible structures can be produced using this method. Contrary to the structure production with metallic press plates in the chemical etching process, these structures are all identical and show no deviations. In this way, it is possible to manufacture a structure that is reliable and does not pose a health risk. After structuring, the sheet metal surfaces can also be further processed as with the metallic press sheets. The level of gloss is adjusted using blasting media at a specific jet pressure, depending on the desired level of gloss. The plastic sheets can also be chrome-plated to protect the surfaces, but it is advisable to apply a Cu layer beforehand. This can be done, for example, by reductive copper plating for plastics, or the electroless copper plating of plastics is also used the products Baymetec and Baycoflex. After the copper plating, the usual chrome plating can be carried out in galvanic baths. It has been shown in the tests that not every plastic is suitable for the use of press plates in hydraulic heating presses for plastic coating. The softening point of the plastics must be far above the processing temperature that prevails in the heating presses. This is usually between 190 and 220 ° C. The plastic polyetheretherketone PEEK with an enrichment of approx. 30% carbon fiber or graphite has surprisingly been well suited for the production of press plates. Although plastics have poorer thermal conductivity than metals, these differences could be largely compensated for by an enrichment of carbon fiber or graphite powder. Furthermore, due to their lightness, the plastic sheets show a better and closer fixation to the heating plates, so that the heat loss that occurs with the metallic press sheets due to the large sag does not take place here. These advantages also compensate for the different thermal coefficients.
Die verschiedenen Glanzgrade können auch durch verschiedene Beschichtungen der Oberfläche des Pressbleches aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Kunststoff der Provenienz Polyetheretherketon erreicht werden, ähnlich wie in der
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der beigefügten schematischen Figur gezeigt, die ein als Pressblech 1 ausgebildetes Presswerkzeug zeigt.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the attached schematic figure, which shows a press tool designed as a press plate 1.
Das Pressblech 1 besteht aus einem hochtemperaturbeständigen Polyetheretherketon Kunststoff und umfasst eine Oberfläche 2, die strukturiert oder glatt mit verschiedenen Glanzgraden ausgerüstet ist.The press plate 1 consists of a high-temperature-resistant polyether ether ketone plastic and comprises a
Im Falle des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels ist das Pressblech 1 mit mindestens 10 bis 50% einer Karbonfaser oder mit mindestens 10 bis 50% eines Graphitpulvers oder mit mindestens 10 bis 50% eines wärmeleitfähigen Materials angereichert.In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the press plate 1 is enriched with at least 10 to 50% of a carbon fiber or with at least 10 to 50% of a graphite powder or with at least 10 to 50% of a thermally conductive material.
Das Pressblech 1 kann beispielsweise aus einem Polyimid, einem Polyamidimid, einem Polyetherketon, einem Polyetherketonetherketonketon, einem Polyphenylensulfid, einem Polyaryletherketon, einem Polybenzimidazol, oder einem Liquid Cristal Polymer LCP bestehen.The press plate 1 can consist, for example, of a polyimide, a polyamideimide, a polyether ketone, a polyether ketone ether ketone ketone, a polyphenylene sulfide, a polyaryl ether ketone, a polybenzimidazole, or a Liquid Cristal Polymer LCP.
Die Strukturierung der Oberfläche 2 des Pressblechs 1 wurde im Falle des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels mittels eines CO2-Lasers 3 hergestellt. Insbesondere wurden digitalisierte Daten einer 3-D Topographie einer zuvor abgenommenen, der Strukturierung der Oberfläche 2 zugeordneten Struktur für eine Steuerung von X-, Y- und Z-Koordinaten des CO2-Lasers 3 verwendet werden.The structuring of the
Die Strukturierung der Oberfläche 2 des Pressblechs 3 kann auch mittels einer Matrizenpressung durchgeführt oder nach der Fused Depostion Modeling Methode hergestellt worden sein.The structuring of the
Claims (4)
- A pressing tool for coating wood panels in hydraulic heating presses, which is designed as a pressing plate (1) made from a high-temperature resistant plastic material of polyether ether ketone PEEK provenience and the surface (2) of which is structured or smooth with different degrees of gloss, characterized in that the pressing plate (1) made from polyether ether ketone PEEK is reinforced with at least 10 to 50% of a carbon fiber or with at least 10 to 50% of a graphite powder or with at least 10 to 50% of a thermally conductive material.
- The pressing tool according to claim 1, wherein the structuring of the surface (2) of the pressing plate (1) is applied by means of a die pressing operation.
- The pressing tool according to claim 1, wherein the structuring of the surface (2) of the pressing plate (1) is produced according to the fused deposition modeling FDM method.
- The pressing tool according to claim 1, wherein the structuring of the surface (2) of the pressing plate (1) is produced by means of a CO2 laser (3) and digitalized data of a 3D topography of a previously recorded structure assigned to the structuring of the surface (2) is used for controlling X-, Y- and Z-coordinates of the CO2 laser (3).
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DE202015007762.5U DE202015007762U1 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Press tool formed as a press plate, which consists of a non-metallic material |
PCT/EP2016/076984 WO2017081008A1 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2016-11-08 | Pressing tool designed as a press platen |
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EP (1) | EP3374172B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2019507684A (en) |
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DE202016000367U1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-02-05 | Rolf Espe | Press pad for single and multi-day presses whose silicone elastomer padding layer is applied in a 3D printing process. |
DE102019127659A1 (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Hueck Rheinische Gmbh | Press tool and method of making a press tool |
US12036784B2 (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2024-07-16 | Välinge Innovation AB | Glossy printing |
RU2769396C1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-03-31 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова" (КБГУ) | Method of producing finishing agent, finished polyester-ether-ketone composite and method for production thereof |
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EP3374172A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
BR112018008253B1 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
AU2016353972A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
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