EP3374084B1 - Tool for working abrasive materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool for processing abrasive materials, in particular rocks, sand, oil sand or ores.

In known processing devices for rock, sand, oil sand or ores, such as crushers such as roll crushers or sizers, or excavators, tools are used for processing abrasive materials. The tools, such as crusher teeth or excavator teeth, are exposed to a high level of wear and therefore have to be replaced regularly. The wear of the tools is very different, particularly in the case of tools attached to different positions on the machining device. For example, crushing tools that are arranged within the flow of material through the comminution device wear out considerably faster than the crushing tools at the edge of the flow of material. Due to this irregular wear, it is known, for example, to only replace or repair individual crushing tools.

For example, for impact crushers for hard crushing in GB 1443531A Described blow bars, which consist of sintered hard metal. The impact edge forms a cover plate, which is attached to a screw head. A clamping screw is screwed into the screw head, by means of which the cover plate is fastened to a blow bar body, as a result of which the cover plate is clamped against two hard metal side plates and the latter is thus fixed to the blow bar body.

When repairing crushing tools, the original geometry of the crushing tool is restored before it became worn. For example, it is from the EP 2891522 A1 It is known to apply a build-up weld to the worn surface in order to restore the geometry of the crushing tool and to apply an additional wear protection layer to the crushing tool. However, due to the low carbide concentration of the additional material used for the build-up weld of at most about 61%, such build-up welds have a low hardness.

Proceeding from this, it is the object of the present invention to provide a tool that has a high wear resistance and a method for the production or processing of such a tool.

This object is achieved by a tool having the features of independent device claim 1 and having the features of independent method claim 12 . Advantageous developments result from the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect, a tool for processing abrasive materials, in particular rocks, sand or ores, comprises a tool base body and at least one hard metal plate arranged on the tool base body, with a build-up weld being applied to the surface of the hard metal plate and to the tool base body, through which the hard metal plate is connected to the tool body.

Abrasive materials are to be understood in particular as meaning minerals such as rock, ores, coal, sand and oil sand.

The tool includes in particular a crushing tool for crushing rocks, oil sand, ores or other wear-causing materials, such as a crushing tooth or a hammer bar of a roller crusher, a crushing hammer of a hammer crusher or impact plates or prisms of a modular crushing jaw. The tool also includes, for example, a digging tooth. The tool preferably has a locally definable wear area, which is arranged on the side faces of the crushing tool pointing essentially in the direction of force, in particular in the crushing direction, and wears out during operation of the tool. The worn area of the crushing tool is, for example, a recess on the surface of the tool.

The tool body includes at least the area of the tool that is exposed to wear when processing abrasive materials. For example, the tool body is made of steel.

A hard metal plate is essentially a plate made of a hard metal, such as sintered carbide hard metals, made from in particular 90-94% tungsten carbide and 6-10% cobalt. A hard metal plate arranged on the tool body offers a high level of wear protection for the surface of the tool body. In particular, the wear protection only includes the area of the tool body where the greatest wear occurs during operation of the tool.

Deposition welding is a thermal coating process for surface treatment. Hardfacing provides a wear and corrosion resistant layer on a base material. The surface of the area to be provided with the build-up weld is heated by means of a heat source, for example a laser beam, and a filling material, in powder form or as wire, is supplied and also heated by the heat source and applied to the surface of the tool body. The filling material melts almost completely. The filler material is, for example, a hard metal such as high-nickel materials, tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. The build-up welding includes, for example, laser build-up welding or plasma powder build-up welding (PTA). The build-up weld is applied to the surface of the hard metal plate and to the surface of the tool body. This enables the hard metal plate to be reliably attached to the tool body, with the attachment withstanding a high mechanical load acting on the tool, in particular a breaking force. In contrast to other attachments, such as soldering or welding the hard metal plate to the surface of the tool body, build-up welding offers the advantage that it has high strength and causes a low temperature increase in the hard metal and the material of the tool body. The tool body of the tool is formed, for example, from a tempered steel, with a weld or brazing, especially at high temperatures above about 600°C, destroys the structure of the tool material, so that the hardness and the strength of the tool material are reduced. A build-up weld offers the advantage that it is connected to the hard metal and the material of the tool body via a metallurgical bond, so that the build-up weld is firmly connected to the surface of the tool body and the hard metal plate and withstands high mechanical loads. The build-up weld is applied to the hard metal plate and the material of the tool body, in particular with a slight dilution of the hard metal. Laser build-up welding or plasma-powder build-up welding (PTA) allow in particular a low dilution of the material of the tool base body and the hard metal.

Dilution is to be understood in particular as the ratio between the total mass of a component and the mass that is melted and connected by build-up welding. The structure of the material is usually changed, for example destroyed, when it melts and then solidifies. With a small amount of dilution, a large part of the structure is retained, so that the hardness and strength of the material are not affected at all or very little. The low dilution of the material of the crushing tool and the hard metal plate during build-up welding therefore reduces a deterioration in the mechanical properties of the hard metal plate and the tool body. In particular, the hard metal plate is at least partially encased by the build-up weld.

According to a first embodiment, a plurality of hard metal plates are attached to the tool body, which are each connected to the tool body via a build-up weld. The hard metal plates have different geometries, for example.

According to a further embodiment, the hard metal plates are arranged parallel to one another. A parallel arrangement of the hard metal plates to each other enables an optimal absorption of forces acting on the tool, such as forces, that occur when working rocks, ores or sand, such as the crushing forces of a crushing device.

According to a further embodiment, each hard metal plate is connected to an adjacent hard metal plate via a build-up weld. The hard metal plates are arranged in particular at an even distance from one another on the tool body, the distance between two adjacent hard metal plates preferably being formed such that the build-up weld between the hard metal plates can be applied by means of laser build-up welding. In particular, the distance between two hard metal plates has a value of 5-15 mm.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one hard metal plate is arranged on the tool body in such a way that it extends in the effective direction of a force acting on the tool. In particular, the parallel cemented carbide plates extend parallel to a crushing force of a crusher. During operation of the tool for processing abrasive material, the hardfacing applied to the hard metal plates wears out faster than the hardmetal plates, since the hardening weld has a lower wear resistance than the hardmetal plate. During operation of the tool, a recess forms between the hard metal plates as the wear of the build-up weld progresses, so that the hard metal plates act as cutting edges and facilitate machining, for example comminution of the material to be machined. Furthermore, during operation of the tool, material accumulates between adjacent hard metal plates on which the hardfacing has been worn, thereby reducing further wear of the hardfacing.

According to a further embodiment, at least one hard metal plate is arranged in a groove made in the surface of the tool body. This simplifies the positioning of the at least one hard metal plate in the recess and in particular the application of the build-up weld on the hard metal plate.

According to a further embodiment, the tool base body has a plurality of grooves, with each hard metal plate being arranged in a respective groove.

According to a further embodiment, the main tool body has a recess, in particular a worn area, with the at least one hard metal plate being arranged in the recess. The cutout is, for example, an area in the surface of the main tool body that has become worn during operation of the tool.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one hard metal plate is designed and arranged in the recess in such a way that it fills the cross section of the recess. In particular, the at least one hard metal plate is arranged in such a way that it restores the original geometry of the tool. The original geometry of the tool is understood to mean the geometry before wear of the surface of the tool body occurs when abrasive materials are being machined. In particular, the geometry of the hard metal plate corresponds to the cross section of the recess, so that the hard metal plate arranged in the recess essentially restores the original cross-sectional geometry of the tool. The hard metal plates have, for example, different geometries and are arranged in the recess with the build-up welds applied to the hard metal plates in such a way that they fill the recess. A plurality of grooves for receiving a hard metal plate each are preferably applied in the recess.

The build-up welds preferably include a filler material made of, in particular, tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. In particular, the filler material has a carbide concentration of about 50 - 61%, with a high wear resistance of the hardfacing being achieved.

According to a further embodiment, the thickness of the build-up welds is greater than the thickness of the at least one hard metal plate. This enables a material saving of the more expensive hard metal plates.

The invention also includes a processing device for processing abrasive materials, having at least one tool as described above.

A processing device includes, for example, a crushing device such as a roll crusher or a hammer crusher, with a plurality of tools preferably being arranged circumferentially on a crushing roll of the roll crusher.

The invention also includes a method for producing or preparing a tool for processing abrasive materials, in particular rocks, sand or ores, the tool having a tool body, the method having the steps:
Arranging at least one hard metal plate on the tool body, applying a build-up weld to the hard metal plate and the tool body, so that the at least one hard metal plate is attached to the tool body.

The embodiments and advantages described with reference to the tool also apply to the method for manufacturing or processing a tool in a manner corresponding to the method. A tool as described above is produced by the method for producing or preparing a tool. In particular, the build-up weld is applied by means of laser welding or plasma powder build-up welding (PTA).

According to one embodiment, a plurality of hard metal plates are arranged parallel to one another on the tool body. According to a further embodiment, each hard metal plate is connected to at least one adjacent hard metal plate and the tool base body by build-up welding.

According to a further embodiment, before the at least one hard metal plate is arranged on the tool body, the tool body is machined by cutting. This achieves a uniform, simple geometry of the tool body, which simplifies the design of the hard metal plates for arranging on the tool body. For example, the tool body is milled out

According to a further embodiment, the hard metal plates are arranged on the tool body in such a way that they extend essentially in the direction of the effective direction of a force acting on the tool. In particular, the plane of the at least one hard metal plate extends in the effective direction of the force, in particular a breaking force of a breaking device.

According to a further embodiment, before the step of arranging the at least one hard metal plate on the tool body, at least one groove is made in the surface of the tool body, with the at least one hard metal plate being arranged in a groove. This simplifies the positioning of the hard metal plate on the tool body, and the step of applying the build-up weld to the at least one hard metal plate is also considerably simplified.

According to a further embodiment, before the step of arranging the at least one hard metal plate on the tool body, a plurality of parallel grooves are made in the surface of the tool body, one hard metal plate being arranged in each groove.

According to a further embodiment, the tool body has a recess, in particular a worn area, with the at least one hard metal plate being arranged in the recess. In particular, the grooves are applied in the recess of the tool body.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Werkzeugs in einer Seitenansicht mit einer Hartmetallplatte gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.

Fig. 2

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Werkzeugs in einer Frontansicht mit einer Mehrzahl von Hartmetallplatten gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1.

Fig. 3

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Werkzeugs in einer Frontansicht mit einer Mehrzahl von Hartmetallplatten gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

Fig. 4

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Brecheinrichtung in einer Seitenansicht mit einem Werkzeug gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of several exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached figures.

1

shows a schematic representation of a tool in a side view with a hard metal plate according to an embodiment.

2

shows a schematic representation of a tool in a front view with a plurality of hard metal plates according to the embodiment of FIG 1 .

3

shows a schematic representation of a tool in a front view with a plurality of hard metal plates according to a further embodiment.

4

shows a schematic representation of a breaking device in a side view with a tool according to a further embodiment.

1 shows a tool 10 of a device, not shown, for processing abrasive materials, such as rock, sand or ore. The tool 10 shown schematically is in particular a crushing tooth for attachment to a crushing roller or an excavator shovel. The tool has, for example, a base body 18 which essentially has the shape of a parallelogram in cross section, the side surfaces of the tool 10 being inclined in the processing direction, in particular in the breaking direction of a breaking tool. The processing direction is in particular the direction in which the tool 10 moves during operation of the crushing device for processing the material. In the 1 The side surface of the tool 10 shown on the left points in the machining direction when the machining device is in operation. The tool 10 is attached, for example, to a roll of a roll crusher, with the operation of the tool 10 in 1 shown on the left, essentially tooth-shaped inclined side surface and the upper surface of the tool 10 are exposed to the greatest wear. The tool 10 can also be other tools, in particular with a locally delimitable wear surface, such as a crushing tooth of any tooth shape or a hammer head of a hammer crusher.

The tool 10 has a tool base body 18 with a recess 14 which, for example, includes an area on the surface of the tool base body 18 that has been worn during operation of the machining device. Exemplary extends the recess 14 from the side surface facing in the machine direction to the upper surface of the tool 10.

A hard metal plate 12 is arranged in the recess 14 . The hard metal plate 12 essentially has the shape of the cross section of the recess 14 and is arranged in the recess 14 in such a way that it fills the cross section of the recess. When the tool 10 is worn, the hard metal plate 12 disposed in the recess 14 restores the original cross-section of the tool before the formation of the wear-related recess 14 in the surface. The hard metal plate 12 is connected to the base body 18 of the tool 10 via a build-up weld 16 .

2 shows a cross-section of a front view of a tool 10, the tool of the 1 is equivalent to. The recess 14 extends, for example, over the entire width of the side face pointing in the processing direction. In the recess 14, a plurality of hard metal plates 12 are arranged parallel and spaced evenly from one another. The hard metal plates all have essentially the same shape and are arranged in the recess 14 in such a way that they extend essentially in the machining direction. Deposit welds 16 are arranged between adjacent hard metal plates 12 and connect adjacent hard metal plates 12 to one another and the hard metal plates 12 to the tool base body 18 of the tool 10 . The build-up welds 16 extend between the hard metal plates 12 over the entire height of the hard metal plates 12. The hard metal plates 12 and the build-up welds 16 are arranged in the recess 14 of the tool body 18 such that when the tool body 18 is worn, the original shape of the tool body 18 before the formation the wear-related recess 14 is restored.

The hard metal is in particular sintered carbide hard metals, which are preferably embedded from 90-94% tungsten carbide in 6-10% cobalt, in particular a cobalt matrix. The build-up welds have, for example, an additive made of hard metal, in particular tungsten carbides or titanium carbides.

The build-up welds are preferably connected to the hard metal of the hard metal plates via a metallurgical bond. For example, the build-up weld is applied to the hard metal plates and the tool base body 18 of the tool 10 by means of laser welding. In particular, the build-up weld is applied to the hard metal plate in such a way that there is little dilution between the hard metal and the build-up weld.

The distance between the hard metal plates 12 is designed in such a way that it is possible to apply a build-up weld 16, for example by means of laser welding, between two adjacent hard metal plates 12.

3 shows a tool 10, which is essentially the tool 10 of 2 corresponds, in contrast to the tool 2 in the recess 14 a plurality of grooves 20 are applied. The grooves 20 are essentially parallel to each other and have a width that corresponds to the width of the hard metal plates. The grooves 20 form a receptacle for the hard metal plates 12 and in particular extend over the entire length of the recess. A hard metal plate 12 is arranged in each groove 20 . The build-up weld 16 is in the in 3 illustrated embodiment applied only between adjacent hard metal plates 12 and the surface of the recess 14. No build-up weld 16 is applied within the grooves 20 .

The grooves 20 enable the hard metal plates 12 to be positioned precisely in the recess 14 of the tool 10, and the application of the build-up weld 16 to the hard metal plates 12 and the surface of the recess 14 is also facilitated.

4 shows a processing device 22, in particular a crushing device with a roll crusher and a tool 10 with a hard metal plate 12, which is arranged in a recess 14, in particular a worn area, as with reference to FIG Figures 1, 2 or 3 described. The crushing device 22 has two crushing rollers 24 which rotate opposite to each other in the direction of the arrow, the direction of rotation of the crushing rollers 24 being the crushing direction. On the outer circumference of the crushing rollers 24 are a plurality of tools 10 arranged evenly spaced from each other. Between the crushing rollers 24 there is a crushing gap 26 into which the crushed material to be crushed is fed. The tools 10 are arranged on the outer circumference of the crushing rollers 24 in such a way that the recesses 14, in particular the worn area, point in the direction of rotation of the crushing rollers 24.

Reference List

10

Tool

12

carbide plate

14

recess

16

hardfacing

18

tool body

20

groove

22

processing facility

24

crushing rollers

26

crushing gap

Claims (19)

1. A tool (10) for processing abrasive materials, in particular rocks, sand or ores, comprising

   a main tool body (18) and at least one hard metal plate (12) arranged on the main tool body (18),

   characterized in that a build-up weld (16) is applied to the surface of the hard metal plate (12) and to the main tool body (18), by which weld the hard metal plate (12) is attached to the main tool body (18).
2. The tool (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in such a way on the main tool body (18) that it extends in the direction in which a force acting on the tool (10) acts.
3. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claim 1 or 2, wherein the main tool body (18) comprises an indentation (14), in particular a worn region, and wherein the at least one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in the indentation (14).
4. The tool (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least one hard metal plate (12) is formed and arranged in the indentation (14) in such a way that it fills the cross section of the indentation (14).
5. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the build-up weld (16) is greater than the thickness of the at least one hard metal plate (12).
6. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in a groove (20) formed in the surface of the main tool body (18).
7. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of hard metal plates (12) are mounted on the main tool body (18) which are each bonded to the main tool body (18) by way of a build-up weld (16).
8. The tool (10) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the hard metal plates (12) are arranged parallel to one another.
9. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 7 or 8, wherein each hard metal plate (12) is bonded to a respective adjacent hard metal plate (12) by way of a build-up weld (16).
10. The tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the main tool body (18) comprises a plurality of grooves (20) and wherein each hard metal plate (12) is arranged in a respective groove (20).
11. A processing apparatus (22) for processing abrasive materials, comprising at least one tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A method for producing or treating a tool (10) for processing abrasive materials, in particular rocks, sand or ores, wherein the tool (10) comprises a main tool body (18), and wherein the method comprises the steps of:

    arranging at least one hard metal plate (12) on the main tool body (18),

    applying a build-up weld (16) to the hard metal plate (12) and the main tool body (18), such that the at least one hard metal plate (12) is attached to the main tool body (18).
13. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in claim 12, wherein, prior to arranging the at least one hard metal plate (12) on the main tool body (18), the surface of the main tool body (18) is machined.
14. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the at least one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in such a way on the main tool body (18) that it extends substantially in the direction in which a force acting on the tool (10) acts.
15. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 14, wherein, prior to the step of arranging the at least one hard metal plate (12) on the main tool body (18), at least one groove (20) is introduced into the surface of the main tool body (18) and wherein the at least one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in a groove (20).
16. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the main tool body (18) comprises an indentation (14), in particular a worn region, and wherein the at least one hard metal plate is arranged in the indentation (14).
17. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in one of claims 12 to 16, wherein a plurality of hard metal plates (12) are arranged parallel to one another on the main tool body (18).
18. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in claim 17, wherein each hard metal plate (12) is bonded at least to an adjacent hard metal plate (12) and the main tool body (18) by a build-up weld (16).
19. The method for producing or treating a tool (10) as claimed in claim 17 or 18, wherein, prior to the step of arranging the at least one hard metal plate (12) on the main tool body (18), a plurality of parallel grooves (20) are introduced into the surface of the main tool body (18) and wherein in each case one hard metal plate (12) is arranged in each groove (20).

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