EP3368280B1 - Fiber-application machine comprising specific cutting systems - Google Patents
Fiber-application machine comprising specific cutting systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3368280B1 EP3368280B1 EP16791649.3A EP16791649A EP3368280B1 EP 3368280 B1 EP3368280 B1 EP 3368280B1 EP 16791649 A EP16791649 A EP 16791649A EP 3368280 B1 EP3368280 B1 EP 3368280B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- cutting
- counter
- roller
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 75
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
- B29C70/382—Automated fiber placement [AFP]
- B29C70/384—Fiber placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/02—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member
- B26D1/025—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
- B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
- B26D1/065—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D5/08—Means for actuating the cutting member to effect the cut
- B26D5/12—Fluid-pressure means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/545—Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
- B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
- B26D1/08—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type
- B26D1/085—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
- B26D2001/0066—Cutting members therefor having shearing means, e.g. shearing blades, abutting blades
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber application machine and a method for producing parts in composite material with such a machine.
- the invention relates more particularly to a fiber application machine equipped with an application head equipped with specific cutting systems.
- Fiber application machines are known for the application in contact on a draping tool, such as a male or female mold, of a wide strip formed of one or more continuous flat fibers, of the wick type, dry or impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, in particular carbon fibers, consisting of a multitude of carbon threads or filaments.
- These fiber application machines also called fiber placement machines, conventionally comprise a fiber application head, a displacement system capable of moving the head, fiber storage means for storing the fibers, and means routing to route the fibers from the storage means to the head.
- the head conventionally comprises an application roller for applying a strip formed of several fibers to an application surface, a guide system for guiding the fibers in the form of a strip towards said application roller, cutting systems for cutting the fibers, as well as generally means for re-routing the fibers and means for blocking the fibers.
- Each cutting system conventionally comprises a blade able to be operated by a cutting cylinder between a rest position and an active position for cutting a fiber.
- the blade in the active position abuts against a back tool for cutting the fiber
- the back tool is for example formed of a bar of elastomeric material. This type of cut proves to be satisfactory, but the number of cuts possible with such a blade may prove to be limited, in particular due to the fairly rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a solution aimed at overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to propose a new simple and efficient cutting system.
- the present invention provides a machine, according to claim 1, for applying fibers for the production of parts in composite material
- a fiber application head comprising an application roller for the application of a fiber or a strip formed of several fibers on an application surface, a guiding system for guiding one fiber or more fibers in the form of a strip towards said application roller, and at least one cutting system comprising a blade capable of being maneuvered by a cutting cylinder between a rest position and an active position for cutting a fiber, characterized in that each cutting system comprises a counter blade held elastically in abutment against the blade by its cutting edge , to cut a fiber by shearing during the displacement of the blade relative to the counter blade from its rest position to its active position.
- the elastic mounting of the backing blade resting against the blade by its cutting edge ensures an optimal position in time of the backing blade relative to the blade, and thus efficient cutting.
- An optimal position between the blade and the anvil is maintained, especially in the event of wear of the anvil.
- this resilient assembly makes it possible to eliminate the problems of assembly play between the blade and the counter-blade of existing systems.
- the blade comprises a lumen or opening for the passage of a fiber, said opening defining a cutting edge of the blade.
- said cutting edge is oriented towards the cutting cylinder, the counter-blade is disposed between said cutting edge of the blade and the cutting cylinder when the blade is in its position of. rest, so that the cut is made by retraction of the cylinder rod.
- the counter blade is mounted on a lever mounted to pivot about an axis, preferably perpendicular to the jack rod, said lever being resiliently biased by a spring to keep the counter blade resting against the blade.
- the blade and the counter-blade form between them an angle of between 1 ° and 4 °, preferably between 2 ° and 3 °.
- the blade and / or the counterblade are provided with microdentures, to hold the fiber during cutting.
- the blade and the counter-blade are mounted on the same support, the cutting system can thus be easily removed.
- a subject of the present invention is also a method, according to claim 8, for producing parts in composite material, comprising the lay-up of fibers on an application surface, characterized in that said lay-up is carried out by means of a printing machine. application of fibers as described above.
- the placement machine comprises a movement system 1 formed of a poly-articulated arm 10, of the six-axis robot type, known per se, movably mounted on a linear axis 18, an application head 2 mounted on the wrist of end 11 of the poly-articulated arm, storage means 91 for storing fibers, and conveying means 92 for conveying fibers from said storage means to the head.
- the poly-articulated arm 10 comprises, in a manner known per se, a first section or base 12, and a second, third, fourth and fifth sections, respectively 13, 14, 15 and 16, assembled to pivot to each other around axes of rotation A1, A2, A3 and A4, and an end cuff 11 comprising the last three sections of the arm.
- the end wrist 11 comprises a first section 11a by which the wrist is assembled on the sixth section 16 of the arm, so that the wrist is rotatably mounted around the axis A4, a second section 11b pivotally mounted on the first section around an axis A5, and a third section 11c mounted to pivot on the second section around an axis A6, this third section, or assembly plate, being intended to carry the head.
- the poly-articulated arm 10 is fixed by its base 12 on a carriage 17 slidably mounted on the linear axis 18, said linear axis consisting of two parallel rails 181 fixed to the ground.
- the carriage is equipped with drive means, for example of the motorized roller type, slaved by a machine control unit for moving the head along these rails.
- the machine is designed for the application of fibers, for example of the carbon fiber or roving type, packaged in the form of coils.
- the storage means are formed of a creel 91, to receive the coils of fibers.
- Each coil is mounted on a mandrel of the creel.
- the creel is here mounted on a follower carriage 191, arranged on the rails 191 and mechanically connected to the carriage 17 carrying the robot.
- the conveying means here comprise flexible conveying tubes equipped with flexible stiffening blades, as described in the patent document WO2012 / 160270 .
- the fibers are routed individually through these routing tubes from the creel to the head.
- the tubes are gathered in a bundle, shown schematically under the references 921 on the figure 1 , and are placed in the internal passage of a flexible sheath 922, as described in the patent document WO2010 / 049424 .
- the sheath is assembled by its upstream end and its downstream end, respectively to the creel and to the application head.
- the tubes and the sheath are of sufficient length and flexibility so as not to limit the movements of the poly-articulated arm.
- the delivery tubes are fixed at the end, on the one hand to the creel 91 by upstream fixing systems, shown schematically under the reference 923, and on the other hand to the head by downstream fixing systems shown schematically under the reference 924, as described below.
- the application head 2 also called the fiber placement head, comprises a support structure or fixed part 21 by which the head is mounted at the end of the wrist 11 of the robot, and a movable part 22 mounted movably in translation on the fixed part 21 along a sliding plane P1.
- the fixed part 21 comprises a plate 211 having an upper main face 211a and a lower main face 211b.
- the plate is equipped on its upper face with a connection system 212 allowing its connection to the end of the robot's wrist along an assembly axis A7 which corresponds to the sixth axis A6 of the robot.
- Two mounting plates fixed 213 are mounted spaced from one another on the lower face 211b of the plate for the sliding mounting of the movable part 22 along the plane P1, which is parallel to the axis A7.
- the mobile part 22 mainly comprises a guide system 4, a compaction system, and two functional modules 6a, 6b, arranged on either side of the guide system, which integrate the functions of cutting, blocking and re-routing of the materials. fibers.
- the compaction system is a two-roller system, of the type described in the patent document WO2014 / 202845 , comprising a first roll 5 and a second roll 5 ', each roll is movable between an inactive position and an active draping position, the head using either of the rollers in the active position to drape.
- the guide system 4 makes it possible to guide the fibers entering the head in the direction of a roller in the active position in the form of two layers of fibers F1 and F2 ( Fig 12 ), to form a strip of fibers in which the fibers are arranged substantially edge to edge.
- the guide system 4 comprises a central piece 40, in the form of a wedge, of generally triangular section, having a first and a second lateral faces 4a, 4b defining two guide planes P2, P3, approaching one another from upstream to downstream, an upper face 4c opposite the roller in the active position, and a rear face 4d and a front face 4e which are substantially parallel.
- the first functional module 6a and the second functional module 6b respectively come flat by a main face 60a ( Fig 6 ) against the first and second main faces 4a, 4b of the central part, and form at their assembly interface first and second guide channels, respectively for guiding the fibers of the first ply and of the second ply.
- each main face 4a, 4b of the central part is equipped with a guide plate, called internal 4 6rainured, provided with grooves 46a, and each main face of a functional module is equipped with an external guide plate 47, the outer guide plate coming flat against the inner plate to close the grooves and thus form the guide channels.
- the outer guide plate has ribs which fit into the grooves of the guide plate. inner guide to form the guide channels.
- the first channels and the second channels are arranged in staggered rows, in two guide planes P2, P3 approaching each other from upstream to downstream, so that the fibers F1 and F2 of the two layers are substantially arranged on the edge. on board at the application roller which is in the active position.
- the guiding planes P2, P3 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the median plane P4 of symmetry of the guiding system.
- the head is for example provided for the application of strips of twenty-four fibers, each sheet comprising 12 fibers, the main guide system comprising twelve first guide channels and twelve second guide channels.
- the sliding mounting of the movable part 22 on the fixed part 21 is carried out via two support uprights 41, each upright being slidably assembled on the front edge 213a of a mounting plate.
- the front edge of each mounting plate is equipped with a rail 214, and each support post 41 is equipped with two carriages (not shown) which are slidably mounted on a rail.
- the central part 40 is assembled by its rear face 4d to the front face of a first support plate 42 which is assembled to the two support uprights 41.
- the assembly is carried out so that the assembly axis A7 is contained in the plane.
- the central part 40 is disposed on the side of the sliding plane which is opposite to the assembly axis A7, its median plane P4 being perpendicular to the sliding plane P1.
- Each support post 41 is connected to the plate 211 by a compacting cylinder 215, the cylinders defining the compacting force with which the fibers are applied to the mold via one of the rollers.
- Each cylinder 215 is mounted by its cylinder body 215a on the plate 211, and its rod 215b extends parallel to the sliding plane P1 and is assembled at the upper end of a support upright 41.
- the cylinders urge the mobile part in the opposite direction to the plate, or vertically downwards in the configuration of the figure 2 .
- Compaction cylinders for example of the pneumatic type, are pressure-controlled to adapt the compaction force.
- the support module 50 has a general U-shaped section with a base or central part 51 and two bars or side walls 52a, 52b.
- the base 51 is in the form of a substantially rectangular plate.
- Each side wall 52a, 52b is in the form of a plate with a concave upper edge 521 and a lower edge 522 having a rectilinear central portion 522a extending on each side by a rectilinear end portion 522b, disposed at 45 ° of the central portion, the two end portions being arranged symmetrically on either side of the plane of symmetry P5 of the support module and forming an angle of 90 ° between them.
- the base 52 is fixed to the central portions 522a of the lower edges of the two side walls.
- the rollers 5, 5 ' are mounted between the two side walls, on the end portions 522b, around axes of rotation A8, A8', said axes being arranged symmetrically on either side of the plane of symmetry P5.
- the two side walls are rigidly assembled to the base.
- the side walls and the base are formed from a single one-piece piece.
- Each roller 5, 5 ' is for example a flexible roller comprising a cylinder of elastomeric material 53 mounted on a rigid axial rod 54.
- Each roller is rotatably mounted about its axis A8, A'8 for rotation by the ends of its axial rod between two assembly parts 55, for example forming bearings, by which said roller is removably mounted via means of assembly to the two side walls 52a, 52b, at the level of the end portions 522b.
- Said assembly means are for example of the pneumatic, magnetic or mechanical type.
- the support module 50 is rotatably mounted on the movable part 22 of the head by means of an arm 56, rotatably mounted on the front face of the central part about a pivot axis A9 included in the plane P4, and assembled to the side wall 52a, called the front, of the support module.
- the arm 56 is fixed to the front end of an axial rod 57 ( Fig 2 ) rotatably mounted on the central part 40.
- the side walls of the support module are arranged on either side of the central part, the rear side wall 52b passing under the convex lower edge of the first support plate 42.
- the arm is able to pivot about the pivot axis A9 to move the support module between two positions, a first position of the support module, in which the second roller is in the inactive position and the first roller 5 is in. active position to drape in a first direction S1, as illustrated in figure 4 , and a second position of the support module, in which the first roller 5 is in the inactive position and the second roller 5 'in the active position to drape in a second direction S2, opposite to the first direction.
- the arm 56 is fixed over a large part of the length of the front side wall of the support module, its section reducing in the direction of its pivot axis.
- the support module is maneuvered between its two positions by an actuation system comprising a motor 58 acting on the axial rod 57 of the arm.
- the motor 58 is mounted, between the two mounting plates 213, on a second support plate 43 assembled on the rear edges of the two support uprights 41.
- the axial rod 57 ( Fig. 2 ) passes through the first and second support plate 42, 43, and its rear end is equipped with a pinion 57a.
- the axial rod is driven in rotation by the motor 58 via a belt 58a mounted on a pinion of the drive shaft of the motor 58 and the pinion 57a of the rod, a tensioner roller 59 keeping the belt tensioned.
- the fibers leaving the guide system are guided towards the right side of the first roller 5 to allow the draping of the fibers with this first roller in the direction S1.
- the axis A8 of the first roller is positioned below the guide system, and to the left of the plane P4 of symmetry.
- the plane P4 is for example substantially tangent to the cylindrical surface of the first roller in the active position.
- the second roller is in the inactive position.
- the end portions 522b of the side walls, which define the assembly planes of the assembly parts of the first roller, are arranged perpendicular to the sliding plane, ensuring good absorption by the support module of the compaction forces transmitted by the roller. .
- the second roller 5 ' is brought into the active position and the first roller inactive position by rotating the arm 90 ° around axis A9, counterclockwise on the figure 3 , by means of the motor 58.
- the fibers leaving the guide system are guided towards the left side of the second roller 5 'to allow the draping of the fibers with this first roller in the direction S2.
- the axis A'8 of the second roller is positioned below the guide system, and to the right of the plane P4 of symmetry.
- the plane P4 is substantially tangent to the cylindrical surface of the second roller in the active position.
- the end portions 522b of the side walls, which define the assembly planes of the assembly parts of the second roller are arranged perpendicular to the sliding plane, ensuring good absorption of the compaction forces by the support module.
- Locking means 44 are designed to ensure the locking of the support module in its first and second positions. These locking means comprise two locking rods 441, 442, mounted to slide in the central part and whose axes are arranged in the plane P4 of symmetry. The locking rods are able to be maneuvered by an actuating system 443 between a retracted position in which the locking rods are arranged in the central part, at a distance from the side walls of the support module, and an active deployed position in which the locking pins protrude with respect to the front and rear faces 4d, 4 e of the central part and are inserted in recesses or openings of the side walls of the support module to block rotation of the support module.
- the side walls 52a, 52b each have a first recess 523a and a second recess 523b arranged symmetrically on either side of plane P5 and parallel to the latter.
- first recesses are centered along the plane P4.
- the locking rods are maneuvered towards their active position, a first locking rod 441 is inserted into the first recess 523a of the front side wall 52a, and the second locking rod 442 fits into the first recess 523a of the rear side wall 52b, as shown in figure 2 .
- the rods ensure the locking in rotation of the support module in its first position and thus guarantee the maintenance of the first roller in its active position.
- the locking rods prevent the axial rod 57 from taking up all the compaction forces, and thus protect the axial rod and the motor 58.
- the second recesses 523b are centered along the plane.
- a first locking rod 441 fits into the second recess 523b of the front side wall 52a
- the second locking rod 442 fits into the second recess 523b of the rear side wall 52b.
- the actuating system 443 is for example a parallel gripper cylinder system, each rod 441, 442 being assembled to a gripper.
- the locking studs have a conical end portion which is inserted into first and second recesses of complementary conical shape.
- Each roller can advantageously be equipped with an additional guidance system (not shown), as described in the patent document. WO2014 / 202845 , to guide the fibers coming out of the guide system as close as possible to the roller 4.
- the additional guide system is for example mounted between the two assembly parts 55, the two additional guide systems being arranged symmetrically on either side of plane P5, on the outside of the rollers.
- the support module is also equipped with a heating system capable of emitting thermal radiation in the direction of the strip of fibers before it is compacted and / or in the direction of the mold or strips of fibers already applied upstream of the roller in the active position.
- This heating system makes it possible at least to soften the prepreg resin, in the case of prepreg fibers, or the binder in the case of dry fibers, and thus promote the adhesion of the bands to one another.
- the heating system includes a first set of infrared lamps 45 associated with the first roller, which is used when the head drapes with the first roller in the first direction S1, and a second set of infrared lamps 45 ', associated with the second roller, which is used when the head drapes with the second roller in the second direction S1.
- the assemblies are assembled between two supports 451 which are mounted on the side edges 524 of the two side walls 52.
- the first functional module 6a comprises for each fiber of the first ply a cutting system 7, a re-routing system 8, and a blocking system 69.
- the functional module comprises support elements on which the various components of the aforementioned systems are mounted.
- the support module is movably mounted on the central part via an articulation system 61 ( Fig. 7 ) between an active closed position and an open so-called maintenance position, as described below.
- Each cutting system 7 comprises a movable metal blade 71, and a fixed metal blade, also called counter-blade 72, the blade 71 being maneuvered by a pneumatic cutting cylinder 73 between a deployed position of rest and an active cutting position for cut a fiber from the first layer.
- the blade 71 is formed of a rectangular flat plate having two parallel main faces, called the inner face 71a, and the outer face 71b.
- the blade is mounted fixed, removably, cantilevered on a blade support 74 by its proximal mounting part 715, the blade support being assembled at the end of the rod 73a of the cutting cylinder 73.
- the blade is provided, on the side of its distal end 714, with a through-opening lumen 710 for the passage of a fiber, opening onto each main face. Said opening forms two side edges 711, a front edge 712 opposite the cylinder, disposed on the side of the distal end 714, and a rear edge 713.
- the front edge is bevelled and constitutes the cutting edge of the blade, the bevel being formed on the side of the outer face 71b.
- the counter blade 72 is in the form of a rectangular flat plate having an inner main face 72a, an outer main face 72b, and a bevelled front edge, forming the cutting edge 721 of the counter blade, the bevel being formed on the side of the inner face 72a.
- the width of the counter blade corresponds substantially to that of the blade.
- the anvil blade is resiliently mounted in support against the inner surface of the blade so that the counter blade is linearly supported by its cutting edge 721a, also called a wire or cutting edge, against the blade.
- a lever 75 is pivotally mounted on the functional module about an axis A10, the pivot axis defining a first arm and a second lever arm. The anvil blade is mounted at the end of the first arm.
- a compression spring 76 mounted in a housing of the functional module acts on the second arm to urge the counter-blade resting against the blade, the spring urging the lever clockwise on the blade. figure 9 .
- the counter blade forms an angle ⁇ with the blade, for example of approximately 2 °.
- the counterblade In the deployed position shown in figure 9 , the counterblade is disposed against the blade so that its cutting edge 721a is positioned at or beyond the rear edge 713 relative to the cutting edge 712, for example at said rear edge.
- the operation by the cutting cylinder of the blade from its extended position to its retracted position allows the shear cutting of a fiber passing through the opening.
- the counter blade cutting edge 721a In the retracted position, the counter blade cutting edge 721a is positioned between the blade cutting edge 712a and the distal end 714 of the blade.
- the cutting edge 712 of the blade is advantageously inclined to gradually cut the fiber and reduce the cutting force.
- the cutting edge 721 of the counter-blade is provided with micro-teeth, making it possible to hold the fiber during cutting in order to prevent lateral displacement of the fiber during cutting.
- the support 74 has a branch 741 equipped with a slide 742 slidably mounted on a rail 743 fixed to the body of the cylinder 73, parallel to the cylinder rod 73a. .
- the blade 71 is removably assembled on the blade support 74 by quick locking means 77, such as toggle type lever locks.
- the counter blade 72 is assembled on the lever 75 via assembly means 78 of the magnetic type, such as a magnet housed in the lever arm.
- the counter-blade advantageously has notches in which lugs of the lever arm are positioned in order to ensure correct positioning of the counter blade on the lever.
- the counter-blade is assembled by assembly means of the mechanical type, for example by means of one or more screws.
- the counter blade advantageously has a second cutting edge 723 on its edge opposite to the first cutting edge 721. The counter blade can then be mounted in the opposite direction on the lever to use this second cutting edge when the first cutting edge is worn out.
- the cutting systems are mounted side by side on the first functional module, a cutting system being provided for each fiber of the first web.
- the levers 75 of the cutting systems are mounted to rotate independently of each other on the same axial rod 751, each lever being urged by its own spring.
- the openings 710 of the blades are arranged under the central part 40 under the downstream edge 4f, facing the guide channels.
- the rods of the cutting cylinders which are parallel to the cutting blades form an angle of less than 90 ° with respect to the guide plane P2, for example of the order of 45 °.
- Each rerouting system 8 of the first functional module comprises a counter-roller 81 mounted freely in rotation at the end of the rod of a cylinder 82a for pneumatic rerouting 82 via a yoke.
- the jack is able to move the counter-roller between an inactive, spaced position and an active position in which the counter-roller presses a fiber against a first drive roller mounted on the central part 40.
- the counter-rollers of the functional module are mounted upstream of the cutting systems with respect to the direction of travel of the fibers, each counter-roller being centered along a guide channel of the first ply in the closed position of the functional module.
- the counter rollers are arranged here in two superimposed rows, so that the cylinder rods are arranged substantially perpendicular to the guide plane P2.
- the counter-rollers of a first row cooperate with a first drive roller 83a
- the counter-rollers of the second row arranged between the first row and the cutting systems, cooperate with a another first drive roller 83b.
- the counter rollers and the drive rollers 83a, 83b are arranged at the level of through openings respectively of the outer guide plate and the inner guide plate.
- a counter-roller is provided for each fiber of the first ply, two adjacent fibers of the first ply being re-routed by counter-rollers of different rows.
- Each locking system 69 comprises a locking stud 691 mounted at the end of the rod 692a of a locking cylinder 692.
- the stud has a cylindrical distal part, defining a flat bearing surface perpendicular to the cylinder rod.
- the stud passes through an opening in the outer guide plate.
- the functional module includes a blocking system for each fiber of the first layer The blocking systems are arranged side by side in a row, upstream of the rerouting systems, so the rods are centered along the first channels, substantially perpendicular to the first guidance plane P2.
- the jack is able to move the pad between an inactive position and an active position to block a fiber. In the inactive position, the stud is moved away from the guide channel with which it is associated.
- the counter-tools of the locking systems are formed, for example, from the same metal bar housed in a recess of the internal guide plate.
- the second functional module 6b for the second layer of fibers F2 is identical to the first functional module, and comprises, with reference to the figure 12 , cutting systems 7 ', re-routing systems 8' and blocking systems 69 '. In its active closed position, the second functional module comes flat via its main surface against the second lateral face 4a of the central part.
- the central part is equipped with two second drive rollers 84a, 84b to cooperate with the re-routing rollers of the re-routing systems of the second functional module.
- the first and second rollers are positioned symmetrically on either side of the plane P4.
- the four drive rollers 83a, 83b, 84a, 84b are driven in rotation via a belt by a single motor.
- the drive rollers are mounted rotating in bores of the central part around axes of rotation parallel to the plane P4.
- the drive rollers are mounted on the central part 40, in a removable manner, by the front face 4e of the central part.
- the rear end of each roller passes through the first support plate 42 and is provided with coupling means able to cooperate with complementary coupling means mounted on a pinion 85 rotatably mounted on the second support plate 43.
- These coupling means allow automatic coupling, substantially without play, of each drive roller with its associated pinion, when the drive roller is inserted into the central part from the front face.
- the four pinions 85 of the rerouting rollers are arranged between the first support plate 42 and the second support plate 43.
- a rerouting motor 86 is mounted on the rear face of the second support plate, its drive shaft passing through said second plate. and being equipped with a pinion 86b.
- a toothed belt 87 is mounted on the engine pinion 86b, the four pinions 85, as well as on the deflection pulleys 88, so that, with reference to the arrangement of the figure 7 , the first drive rollers 83a, 83b for the first functional module are driven in anti-clockwise rotation, and the second drive rollers 84a, 84b for the second functional module are driven in clockwise rotation.
- the drive motor 86 is driven by the machine control unit to drive the rollers, for example so that the peripheral speed of said rollers corresponds to the tool center point speed, or TCP, defined as the midpoint of the line of intersection between the surface of the compaction roller in the active position and the layup surface.
- TCP tool center point speed
- the movable support In order to access the front ends of the first rollers, and in particular to release the arm 56, the movable support is brought into its second position. The movable support is brought into its first position to access the second drive rollers.
- Each functional module is movably mounted on the central part via two articulation systems 61, a first articulation system is mounted between a first lateral front face of the functional module and the 4th front face of the central part, the second articulation system being mounted between the second lateral face of the functional module and the rear face 4d of the central part.
- each articulation system is of the type with combined rotational and translational movements, comprising a double link system, the links 611, 612 being assembled to pivot on one side to a lateral face of the module, and on the other side to an assembly part 613 which is assembled in a removable manner to a complementary assembly part 614 mounted on one of the front and rear faces of the main part.
- the articulation systems allow the module to be maneuvered between an active closed position, as illustrated for example in figures 6 and 12 , in which the main face 60a provided with the outer guide plate is pressed against the side face of the central part equipped with its inner guide plate, and an open position for maintenance illustrated in figure 7 , wherein the main face 60a is spaced from the central piece, and is disposed about 70-110 ° from the side face.
- the first functional module is shown without its outer guide plate. The module is brought into the open maintenance position to perform maintenance operations on the functional module, as well as on the guide plate and / or the drive rollers.
- the cutting cylinders 73, the re-routing cylinders 82 and the locking cylinders 692 are connected to pneumatic distributors formed by solenoid valves, shown schematically under the references 79, 89 and 693, mounted on the functional module, and controlled by a head control unit.
- the pneumatic actuators are supplied with the module in the closed position.
- the inlets and outlets of the solenoid valves are connected by conduits (not shown), respectively to the chambers of the jacks and to connection systems arranged on the main face of the module, on either side of the counter-rollers and the locking studs .
- connection systems When the module is in the closed position, these connection systems are capable of sealingly connecting to complementary connection systems 48a, 48b arranged on the main face of the central part and connected to compressed air supply conduits.
- connection systems 48a, 48b arranged on the main face of the central part and connected to compressed air supply conduits.
- the articulation systems ensure a final translational movement allowing the pneumatic connection.
- Each functional module can also be equipped on its main face or in the upper part of the module with an electrical connection system able to cooperate with complementary electrical connection systems on the central part for automatic electrical connection of the solenoid valves, as well as with '' other possible equipment mounted on the module, when the functional module is brought into the closed position.
- each functional module is mounted to pivot between the central part 40 and the functional module.
- the jack is pivotally mounted by its jack body to a support plate 63 mounted on the upper face of the central part.
- each functional module is advantageously equipped with a handle 64 to facilitate its operation between its two positions. Blocking means are provided to block each module in its closed position
- the mobile support 50 is first moved to a first maintenance position illustrated in figure 6 , in which the support module is shifted further to the right, the arm making an additional rotation in the anti-clockwise direction, for example by approximately 15-30 ° from the second position of the module in which the second roll is in active position.
- the support module can also be moved into a second maintenance position, in which the support module is arranged on the side of the first functional module, in a position symmetrical to that of the support module in the first maintenance position.
- the support module 50 is brought into this second maintenance position in order to perform maintenance operations on the second functional module in the open position, as well as on the guide plate and / or the drive rollers.
- the sets of infrared lamps 45, 45 ' are mounted to pivot the functional modules, around an axis by between an active position illustrated on the figures and a separated position, in which the lamps are separated from the central part to allow the operation of the functional modules between their two positions when the support module is in its first and second positions.
- Each set of lamps I is for example mounted to pivot on a side edge 524 of the front side wall 52a about an axis parallel to said side edge.
- the plate has a part 211c extending beyond the sliding plane P1, above the movable part 22 of the head.
- the routing tubes 926, 927 are mounted via the downstream fixing systems 925, for example in the form of cassettes, on the upper face 211a of this part 211c of the plate, in two rows parallel to the plane P4, a first row of tubes 926 for bringing the fibers F1 of the first sheet into the head, and a second row of tubes 927 for bringing the fibers F2 of the second sheet into the head.
- the sheath 922 is fixed at the end to a cylindrical mounting part 928 which is fixed to the upper face of the plate.
- each fiber passes through a central opening 216 of the plate, then over two rollers in order to be separated from the plane P4 and to be guided in the guide channels according to the planes P1 and P2.
- Each fiber passes over a first roller 217 rotatably mounted on the plate, under the underside of the latter, then over a second roller 461 mounted on the central part 40 to orient the fiber in its guide channel.
- a pair of first roller and second roller is provided for each fiber.
- the rollers 461 for a sheet of fiber are mounted on a support integral with the inner guide plate associated with said sheet.
- each functional module can be removed from the head, and mounted on a calibration bench.
- the interior guide plates advantageously comprise two transverse bars, one arranged in the upper part and the other in the lower part, to hold the fibers on said plates when the functional modules are brought into the open position, and to ensure the correct positioning of the fibers. when closing the functional modules.
- a second curved arm is assembled to the rear side wall 525 of the support module, said second arm is curved to bypass the mounting plates 213 and come. be mounted on the rear end of the axial rod 57.
- the machine comprises a control unit (not shown) for controlling the movements of the robot according to programmed sequences, as well as the fiber placement head, in particular the solenoid valves for the cutting cylinders, the re-routing cylinders, and the locking cylinders, the rod control cylinder 441, 442 for blocking the support module, the drive roller motor, and the motor for pivoting the support module.
- a control unit for controlling the movements of the robot according to programmed sequences, as well as the fiber placement head, in particular the solenoid valves for the cutting cylinders, the re-routing cylinders, and the locking cylinders, the rod control cylinder 441, 442 for blocking the support module, the drive roller motor, and the motor for pivoting the support module.
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Description
La présente invention concerne une machine d'application de fibre et un procédé de réalisation de pièces en matériau composites avec une telle machine. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une machine d'application de fibre équipée d'une tête d'application équipée de systèmes de coupe particuliers.The present invention relates to a fiber application machine and a method for producing parts in composite material with such a machine. The invention relates more particularly to a fiber application machine equipped with an application head equipped with specific cutting systems.
Il est connu des machines d'application de fibres pour l'application au contact sur un outillage de drapage, tel qu'un moule mâle ou femelle, d'une bande large formée d'une ou plusieurs fibres plates continues, de type mèches, sèches ou imprégnées de résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, notamment des fibres de carbone, constituées d'une multitude de fils ou filaments de carbone.Fiber application machines are known for the application in contact on a draping tool, such as a male or female mold, of a wide strip formed of one or more continuous flat fibers, of the wick type, dry or impregnated with thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, in particular carbon fibers, consisting of a multitude of carbon threads or filaments.
Ces machines d'application de fibres, appelées également machines de placement de fibres, comprennent classiquement une tête d'application de fibres, un système de déplacement apte à déplacer la tête, des moyens de stockage de fibres pour stocker les fibres, et des moyens d'acheminement pour acheminer les fibres des moyens de stockage jusqu'à la tête. La tête comprend classiquement un rouleau d'application pour l'application d'une bande formée de plusieurs fibres sur une surface d'application, un système de guidage pour guider les fibres sous la forme d'une bande vers ledit rouleau d'application, des systèmes de coupe pour couper les fibres, ainsi que généralement des moyens de réacheminement des fibres et des moyens de blocage des fibres. Chaque système de coupe comprend classiquement une lame apte à être manœuvrée par un vérin de coupe entre une position de repos et une position active pour couper une fibre.These fiber application machines, also called fiber placement machines, conventionally comprise a fiber application head, a displacement system capable of moving the head, fiber storage means for storing the fibers, and means routing to route the fibers from the storage means to the head. The head conventionally comprises an application roller for applying a strip formed of several fibers to an application surface, a guide system for guiding the fibers in the form of a strip towards said application roller, cutting systems for cutting the fibers, as well as generally means for re-routing the fibers and means for blocking the fibers. Each cutting system conventionally comprises a blade able to be operated by a cutting cylinder between a rest position and an active position for cutting a fiber.
Dans certains systèmes de coupe proposés, la lame en position active vient en butée contre un contre-outil pour couper la fibre, le contre-outil est par exemple formé d'une barre en matériau élastomère. Ce type de coupe s'avère satisfaisant, mais le nombre de coupes possibles avec une telle lame peut s'avérer limité, notamment en raison de l'usure assez rapide du tranchant de la lame.In some proposed cutting systems, the blade in the active position abuts against a back tool for cutting the fiber, the back tool is for example formed of a bar of elastomeric material. This type of cut proves to be satisfactory, but the number of cuts possible with such a blade may prove to be limited, in particular due to the fairly rapid wear of the cutting edge of the blade.
D'autres systèmes utilisent une lame fixe ou contre-lame, la fibre étant coupée par cisaillement lors déplacement de la lame par rapport à la contre-lame. Ces systèmes de coupe peuvent permettre un nombre plus important de coupe avant d'être remplacés. Toutefois, le montage de la lame et la contre-lame pour une coupe efficace s'avère délicat, et le moindre jeu entre la lame et la contre-lame, notamment en raison de l'usure de la lame et/ou contrelame, réduit considérablement l'efficacité de la coupe et augmente l'encrassement du système de coupe.Other systems use a fixed blade or counter blade, the fiber being cut by shear as the blade moves relative to the blade. the anvil blade. These cutting systems can allow a greater number of cuts before being replaced. However, the assembly of the blade and the anvil blade for an efficient cut proves delicate, and the slightest play between the blade and the anvil blade, in particular due to the wear of the blade and / or counterblade, reduced. considerably cutting efficiency and increasing clogging of the cutting system.
Le document
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une solution visant à pallier les inconvénients précités, et notamment de proposer un nouveau système de coupe simple et efficace.The aim of the present invention is to provide a solution aimed at overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular to propose a new simple and efficient cutting system.
A cet effet, la présente invention propose une machine, selon la revendication 1, d'application de fibres pour la réalisation de pièces en matériau composite comprenant une tête d'application de fibres comprenant un rouleau d'application pour l'application d'une fibre ou d'une bande formée de plusieurs fibres sur une surface d'application, un système de guidage pour guider une fibre ou plusieurs fibres sous la forme d'une bande vers ledit rouleau d'application, et au moins un système de coupe comprenant une lame apte à être manœuvrée par un vérin de coupe entre une position de repos et une position active pour couper une fibre, caractérisée en ce que chaque système de coupe comprend une contre-lame maintenue élastiquement en appui contre la lame par son arête de coupe, pour couper par cisaillement une fibre lors du déplacement de la lame par rapport à la contre-lame de sa position de repos vers sa position active.To this end, the present invention provides a machine, according to
Selon l'invention, le montage élastique de la contre-lame en appui contre la lame par son arête de coupe assure une position optimale dans le temps de la contre-lame par rapport à la lame, et ainsi une coupe efficace. Une position optimale entre la lame et la contre-lame est conservée notamment en cas d'usure de la contre-lame. Par ailleurs, ce montage élastique permet de supprimer les problèmes de jeu de montage entre la lame et la contre-lame des systèmes existants.According to the invention, the elastic mounting of the backing blade resting against the blade by its cutting edge ensures an optimal position in time of the backing blade relative to the blade, and thus efficient cutting. An optimal position between the blade and the anvil is maintained, especially in the event of wear of the anvil. Moreover, this resilient assembly makes it possible to eliminate the problems of assembly play between the blade and the counter-blade of existing systems.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la lame comprend une lumière ou ouverture pour le passage d'une fibre, ladite ouverture définissant un bord de coupe de la lame.According to one embodiment, the blade comprises a lumen or opening for the passage of a fiber, said opening defining a cutting edge of the blade.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ledit bord de coupe est orienté vers le vérin de coupe, la contre-lame est disposée entre ledit bord de coupe de la lame et le vérin de coupe lorsque la lame est dans sa position de repos, de sorte que la coupe s'effectue par rétractation de la tige de vérin.According to one embodiment, said cutting edge is oriented towards the cutting cylinder, the counter-blade is disposed between said cutting edge of the blade and the cutting cylinder when the blade is in its position of. rest, so that the cut is made by retraction of the cylinder rod.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la contre-lame est montée sur un levier monté pivotant autour d'un axe, de préférence perpendiculaire à la tige de vérin, ledit levier étant sollicité élastiquement par un ressort pour maintenir la contre-lame en appui contre la lame.According to one embodiment, the counter blade is mounted on a lever mounted to pivot about an axis, preferably perpendicular to the jack rod, said lever being resiliently biased by a spring to keep the counter blade resting against the blade.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la lame et la contre-lame forment entre-elles un angle compris entre 1° et 4°, de préférence compris entre 2° et 3°.According to one embodiment, the blade and the counter-blade form between them an angle of between 1 ° and 4 °, preferably between 2 ° and 3 °.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la lame et/ou la contre-lame sont munies de microdentures, pour maintenir la fibre pendant la coupe.According to one embodiment, the blade and / or the counterblade are provided with microdentures, to hold the fiber during cutting.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la lame et la contre-lame sont montées sur un même support, le système de coupe peut ainsi être aisément démonté.According to one embodiment, the blade and the counter-blade are mounted on the same support, the cutting system can thus be easily removed.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé, selon la revendication 8, de réalisation de pièces en matériau composite, comprenant le drapage de fibres sur une surface d'application, caractérisé en ce que ledit drapage est réalisé au moyen d'une machine d'application de fibres telle que décrite précédemment.A subject of the present invention is also a method, according to
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation particulier actuellement préféré de l'invention, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une machine de placement de fibres selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 est une vue partielle agrandie de lafigure 1 illustrant la tête de placement de fibres de côté ; - la
figure 3 est une vue de face de la tête de lafigure 2 , avec le premier rouleau de compactage en position active ; - la
figure 4 est une vue de derrière de la tête de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 5 est une vue schématique de côté du système de compactage de la tête comprenant le module support portant les deux rouleaux de compactage ; - la
figure 6 est une vue analogue à celle de lafigure 3 , le deuxième rouleau de compactage étant en position active ; - la
figure 7 est une vue analogue à celle de lafigure 3 , le module support des deux rouleaux de compactage dans une première position de maintenance, le premier module fonctionnel de la tête en position ouverte ; - la
figure 8 est une vue de côté d'un module fonctionnel ; - la
figure 9 est une vue schématique en coupe du module fonctionnel de lafigure 8 ; - la
figure 10 est une vue agrandie du détail D de lafigure 9 , illustrant le système de coupe ; - la
figure 11 est une vue selon le plan XI-XI de lafigure 10 ; et, - la
figure 12 est une vue schématique partielle en coupe de la tête.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic view of a fiber placement machine according to the invention; - the
figure 2 is an enlarged partial view of thefigure 1 illustrating the side fiber placement head; - the
figure 3 is a front view of the head of thefigure 2 , with the first compaction roller in the active position; - the
figure 4 is a view from behind of the head of thefigure 3 ; - the
figure 5 is a schematic side view of the head compaction system comprising the support module carrying the two compaction rollers; - the
figure 6 is a view similar to that of thefigure 3 , the second compaction roller being in the active position; - the
figure 7 is a view similar to that of thefigure 3 , the support module of the two compacting rollers in a first maintenance position, the first functional module of the head in the open position; - the
figure 8 is a side view of a functional module; - the
figure 9 is a schematic sectional view of the functional module of thefigure 8 ; - the
figure 10 is an enlarged view of detail D of thefigure 9 , illustrating the cutting system; - the
figure 11 is a view according to plan XI-XI of thefigure 10 ; and, - the
figure 12 is a partial schematic sectional view of the head.
En référence à la
Le bras poly-articulé 10 comprend, de manière connue en soi, un premier tronçon ou embase 12, et un deuxième, troisième, quatrième et cinquième tronçons, respectivement 13, 14, 15 et 16, assemblés pivotant les uns aux autres autour d'axes de rotation A1, A2, A3 et A4, et un poignet d'extrémité 11 comprenant les trois derniers tronçons du bras. En référence à la
La machine est prévue pour l'application de fibres, par exemple de type fibres ou mèches de carbone, conditionnées sous forme de bobines. Les moyens de stockage sont formés d'un cantre 91, pour recevoir les bobines de fibres. Chaque bobine est montée sur un mandrin du cantre. Le cantre est ici monté sur un chariot suiveur 191, disposé sur les rails 191 et relié mécaniquement au chariot 17 portant le robot.The machine is designed for the application of fibers, for example of the carbon fiber or roving type, packaged in the form of coils. The storage means are formed of a
Les moyens d'acheminement comprennent ici des tubes d'acheminement flexibles équipés de lames flexibles de rigidification, tel que décrit dans le document brevet
La tête d'application 2, appelée également tête de placement de fibres, comprend une structure support ou partie fixe 21 par laquelle la tête est montée à l'extrémité du poignet 11 du robot, et une partie mobile 22 montée mobile en translation sur la partie fixe 21 selon un plan de coulissement P1.The
En référence aux
La partie mobile 22 comprend principalement un système de guidage 4, un système de compactage, et deux modules fonctionnels 6a, 6b, disposés de part et d'autre du système de guidage, qui intègrent les fonctions de coupe, de blocage et de réacheminement des fibres. Le système de compactage est un système à deux rouleaux, du type décrit dans le document brevet
Le système de guidage 4 permet de guider les fibres entrant dans la tête en direction d'un rouleau en position active sous la forme de deux nappes de fibres F1 et F2 (
A titre d'exemple, en référence à la
Dans le présent mode de réalisation, la tête est par exemple prévue pour l'application de bandes de vingt-quatre fibres, chaque nappe comprenant 12 fibres, le système de guidage principal comprenant douze premiers canaux de guidage et douze seconds canaux de guidage.In the present embodiment, the head is for example provided for the application of strips of twenty-four fibers, each sheet comprising 12 fibers, the main guide system comprising twelve first guide channels and twelve second guide channels.
Le montage coulissant de la partie mobile 22 sur la partie fixe 21 est réalisé via deux montants 41 support, chaque montant étant assemblé coulissant sur le bord avant 213a d'une plaque de montage. Pour ce faire, le bord avant de chaque plaque de montage est équipée d'un rail 214, et chaque montant support 41 est équipé de deux chariots (non représentés) venant se monter coulissant sur un rail. La pièce centrale 40 est assemblée par sa face arrière 4d à la face avant d'une première plaque support 42 qui est assemblée aux deux montants support 41. Le montage est réalisé de sorte que l'axe d'assemblage A7 soit contenu dans le plan médian P4 du système de guidage 4. La pièce centrale 40 est disposée du côté du plan de coulissement qui est opposé à l'axe d'assemblage A7, son plan médian P4 étant perpendiculaire au plan de coulissement P1.The sliding mounting of the
Chaque montant support 41 est relié à la platine 211 par un vérin de compactage 215, les vérins définissant la force de compactage avec laquelle les fibres sont appliquées sur le moule via l'un des rouleaux. Chaque vérin 215 est monté par son corps 215a de vérin sur la platine 211, et sa tige 215b s'étend parallèlement au plan de coulissement P1 et est assemblée à l'extrémité supérieure d'un montant support 41. Les vérins sollicitent la partie mobile dans la direction opposée à la platine, soit verticalement vers le bas dans la configuration de la
En référence aux
Chaque rouleau 5, 5' est par exemple un rouleau souple comprenant un cylindre en matériau élastomère 53 monté sur une tige 54 axiale rigide. Chaque rouleau est monté rotatif autour de son axe A8, A'8 de rotation par les extrémités de sa tige axiale entre deux pièces d'assemblage 55, par exemple formant paliers, par lesquelles ledit rouleau est monté de manière amovible via des moyens d'assemblage aux deux parois latérales 52a, 52b, au niveau des portions d'extrémité 522b. Lesdits moyens d'assemblage sont par exemple de type pneumatique, magnétique ou mécanique.Each
Le module support 50 est monté rotatif sur la partie mobile 22 de la tête au moyen d'un bras 56, monté rotatif sur la face avant de la pièce centrale autour d'un axe de pivotement A9 inclus dans le plan P4, et assemblé à la paroi latérale 52a, dite avant, du module support. Le bras 56 est fixé à l'extrémité avant d'une tige axiale 57 (
Le bras 56 est fixé sur une grande partie de la longueur de la paroi latérale avant du module support, sa section se réduisant en direction de son axe de pivotement.The
Le module support est manœuvré entre ses deux positions par un système d'actionnement comprenant un moteur 58 agissant sur la tige axiale 57 du bras. En référence à la
Dans la position active du premier rouleau illustrée à la
Dans la position active du second rouleau illustrée à la
Des moyens de blocage 44, illustrés de manière schématique sur la
Suivant la
Chaque rouleau peut avantageusement être équipé d'un système de guidage additionnel (non représenté), tel que décrit dans le document brevet
Le module support est en outre équipé d'un système de chauffage apte à émettre un rayonnement thermique en direction de la bande de fibres avant son compactage et/ou en direction du moule ou des bandes de fibres déjà appliquées en amont du rouleau en position active. Ce système de chauffage permet d'au moins ramollir la résine de pré-imprégnation, dans le cas de fibres pré-imprégnées, ou le liant dans le cas de fibres sèches, et ainsi favoriser l'adhésion des bandes entre elles. Le système de chauffage comprend un premier ensemble de lampes infrarouge 45 associé au premier rouleau, qui est utilisé lorsque la tête drape avec le premier rouleau dans la première direction S1, et un deuxième ensemble de lampes infrarouge 45', associé au deuxième rouleau, qui est utilisé lorsque la tête drape avec le second rouleau dans la deuxième direction S1. Les ensembles sont assemblés entre deux supports 451 qui sont montés sur les bords latéraux 524 des deux parois latérales 52.The support module is also equipped with a heating system capable of emitting thermal radiation in the direction of the strip of fibers before it is compacted and / or in the direction of the mold or strips of fibers already applied upstream of the roller in the active position. . This heating system makes it possible at least to soften the prepreg resin, in the case of prepreg fibers, or the binder in the case of dry fibers, and thus promote the adhesion of the bands to one another. The heating system includes a first set of
En référence aux
Le module fonctionnel comprend des éléments supports sur lesquels sont montés les différents composants des systèmes précités. Le module support est monté mobile sur la pièce centrale via un système d'articulation 61 (
Chaque système de coupe 7 comprend une lame 71 mobile métallique, et une lame fixe métallique, également appelée contre-lame 72, la lame 71 étant manœuvrée par un vérin de coupe 73 pneumatique entre une position déployée de repos et une position active de coupe pour couper une fibre de la première nappe.Each
En référence aux
La contre-lame 72 se présente sous la forme d'une plaque plane rectangulaire présentant une face principale intérieure 72a, une face principale extérieure 72b, et un bord avant biseauté, formant le bord de coupe 721 de la contre-lame, le biseau étant formé du côté de la face intérieure 72a. La largeur de la contre-lame correspond sensiblement à celle de la lame. La contre-lame est montée élastiquement en appui contre la surface intérieure de la lame de sorte que la contre-lame soit en appui linéaire par son arête de coupe 721a, également appelé fil ou tranchant, contre la lame. Pour ce montage, un levier 75 est monté pivotant sur le module fonctionnel autour d'un axe A10, l'axe de pivotement définissant un premier bras et un second bras de levier. La contre-lame est montée à l'extrémité du premier bras. Un ressort 76 de compression monté dans un logement du module fonctionnel agit sur le deuxième bras pour solliciter la contre-lame en appui contre la lame, le ressort sollicitant le levier dans le sens horaire sur la
Dans la position déployée illustrée à la
Selon une variante de réalisation, le bord de coupe 721 de la contre-lame est munie de micro-dentures, permettant de maintenir la fibre lors de la coupe afin d'éviter un déplacement latéral de la fibre lors de la coupe.According to an alternative embodiment, the
Pour assurer un bon guidage du mouvement en translation de la lame entre ses deux positions, le support 74 présente une branche 741 équipée d'une glissière 742 montée coulissante sur un rail 743 fixé au corps du vérin 73, parallèlement à la tige 73a de vérin.To ensure good guiding of the translational movement of the blade between its two positions, the
La lame 71 est assemblée de manière amovible sur le support 74 de lame par des moyens de verrouillage rapide 77, tels que des verrous à levier de type grenouillères.The
La contre-lame 72 est assemblée sur le levier 75 via des moyens d'assemblage 78 de type magnétique, tel qu'un aimant logé dans le bras de levier. La contre-lame présente avantageusement des échancrures dans lesquels viennent se positionner des ergots du bras de levier afin d'assurer un bon positionnement de la contre lame sur le levier. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la contre-lame est assemblée par des moyens d'assemblage de type mécanique, par exemple au moyen d'une ou plusieurs vis. La contre-lame présente avantageusement un deuxième bord de coupe 723 sur son bord opposé au premier bord de coupe 721. La contre-lame peut alors être montée en sens inverse sur le levier pour utiliser ce deuxième bord de coupe lorsque le premier bord de coupe est usé.The
Les systèmes de coupe sont montés côte à côte sur le premier module fonctionnel, un système de coupe étant prévu pour chaque fibre de la première nappe. Les leviers 75 des systèmes de coupe sont montés rotatifs indépendamment les uns des autres sur une même tige axiale 751, chaque levier étant sollicité par son propre ressort.The cutting systems are mounted side by side on the first functional module, a cutting system being provided for each fiber of the first web. The
Dans la position fermée active du module fonctionnel illustré notamment à la
Chaque système de réacheminement 8 du premier module fonctionnel comprend un contre-galet 81 monté libre en rotation à l'extrémité de la tige d'un vérin 82a de réacheminement pneumatique 82 via une chape. Le vérin est apte à déplacer le contre-galet entre une position inactive écartée et une position active dans laquelle le contre-galet vient plaquer une fibre contre un premier rouleau d'entraînement monté sur la pièce centrale 40. En référence à la
Chaque système de blocage 69 comprend un plot de blocage 691 monté à l'extrémité de la tige 692a d'un vérin de blocage 692. Le plot présente une partie distale cylindrique, définissant une surface d'appui plane perpendiculaire à la tige de vérin. Le plot passe dans une ouverture de la plaque de guidage extérieure. Le module fonctionnel comprend un système de blocage pour chaque fibre de la première nappe Les systèmes de blocage sont disposés côte à côte en une rangée, en amont des systèmes de réacheminement, de sorte les tiges soient centrées selon les premiers canaux, sensiblement perpendiculairement au premier plan de guidage P2. Le vérin est apte à déplacer le plot entre une position inactive et une position active pour bloquer une fibre. En position inactive, le plot est écarté du canal de guidage auquel il est associé. Lors de son déplacement vers la position active, le plot vient en butée par sa surface d'appui contre un contre-outil, et pince la fibre. Les contre-outils des systèmes de blocage sont formés par exemple d'une même barre métallique logée dans un renfoncement de la plaque de guidage intérieure.Each locking
Le deuxième module fonctionnel 6b pour la deuxième nappe de fibres F2 est identique au premier module fonctionnel, et comprend, en référence à la
Pour accéder aux extrémités avant des premiers rouleaux, et notamment dégager le bras 56, le support mobile est amené dans sa deuxième position. Le support mobile est amené dans sa première position pour accéder aux deuxièmes rouleaux d'entraînement.In order to access the front ends of the first rollers, and in particular to release the
Chaque module fonctionnel est monté mobile sur la pièce centrale via deux systèmes d'articulation 61, un premier système d'articulation est monté entre une première face latérale avant du module fonctionnel et la face avant 4e de la pièce centrale, le second système d'articulation étant monté entre la deuxième face latérale du module fonctionnel et la face arrière 4d de la pièce centrale. En référence aux
Les systèmes d'articulation permettent la manœuvre du module entre une position fermée active, tel qu'illustré par exemple en
Pour chaque module fonctionnel, les vérins de coupe 73, les vérins de réacheminement 82 et les vérins de blocage 692 sont connectés à des distributeurs pneumatiques formés d'électrovanne, représentées schématiquement sous les références 79, 89 et 693, montées sur le module fonctionnel, et asservis par une unité de commande de la tête. L'alimentation pneumatique des vérins est réalisée lorsque le module est en position fermée. Les entrées et sorties des électrovannes sont reliées par des conduits (non représentés), respectivement aux chambres des vérins et à des systèmes de connexion disposés sur la face principale du module, de part et d'autre des contre-galets et des plots de blocage. Lorsque le module est en position fermée, ces systèmes de connexion sont aptes à se connecter de manière étanche à des systèmes de connexion complémentaires 48a, 48b disposés sur la face principale de la pièce centrale et connectés à des conduits d'alimentation en air comprimé. Lors de la fermeture du module, les systèmes d'articulation assure un mouvement final de translation permettant la connexion pneumatique.For each functional module, the cutting
Chaque module fonctionnel peut en outre être équipé sur sa face principale ou en partie haute du module d'un système de connexion électrique apte à coopérer avec des systèmes de connexion électrique complémentaires sur la pièce centrale pour une connexion électrique automatique des électrovannes, ainsi que d'autres éventuels équipements montés sur le module, lorsque le module fonctionnel est amené en position fermée.Each functional module can also be equipped on its main face or in the upper part of the module with an electrical connection system able to cooperate with complementary electrical connection systems on the central part for automatic electrical connection of the solenoid valves, as well as with '' other possible equipment mounted on the module, when the functional module is brought into the closed position.
Pour faciliter la manœuvre de chaque module fonctionnel entre ses deux positions, deux vérins d'assistance 62 sont montés pivotant entre la pièce centrale 40 et le module fonctionnel. Côté pièce centrale, le vérin est monté pivotant par son corps de vérin à une plaque support 63 montée sur la face supérieure de la pièce centrale. Par ailleurs, chaque module fonctionnel est avantageusement équipé d'une poignée 64 pour faciliter sa manœuvre entre ses deux positions. Des moyens de blocages sont prévus pour bloquer chaque module dans sa position ferméeTo facilitate the maneuvering of each functional module between its two positions, two
Pour décaler le deuxième ensemble de lampes infrarouge 45' et permettre la manœuvre du module fonctionnel vers sa position ouverte, le support mobile 50 est déplacé au préalable vers une première position de maintenance illustrée à la
En référence aux
Le premier module et le second module sont identiques et interchangeables. Pour les opérations de calibration des systèmes de coupe, de réacheminement et de blocage, chaque module fonctionnel peut être démonté de la tête, et monté sur un banc de calibration.The first module and the second module are identical and interchangeable. For the calibration operations of the cutting, rerouting and blocking systems, each functional module can be removed from the head, and mounted on a calibration bench.
Les plaques de guidage intérieures comprennent avantageusement deux barres transversales, l'une disposée en partie supérieure et l'autre en partie inférieure, pour maintenir les fibres sur lesdites plaques lorsque les modules fonctionnels sont amenés en position ouverte, et assurer le bon positionnement des fibres lors de la fermeture des modules fonctionnels.The interior guide plates advantageously comprise two transverse bars, one arranged in the upper part and the other in the lower part, to hold the fibers on said plates when the functional modules are brought into the open position, and to ensure the correct positioning of the fibers. when closing the functional modules.
Selon une variante de réalisation, pour garantir la précision et la robustesse du montage pivotant du module support, un second bras courbé est assemblé à la paroi latérale arrière 525 du module support, ledit second bras est courbé pour contourner les plaques de montage 213 et venir se monter sur l'extrémité arrière de la tige axiale 57.According to an alternative embodiment, to guarantee the precision and the robustness of the pivoting mounting of the support module, a second curved arm is assembled to the rear side wall 525 of the support module, said second arm is curved to bypass the mounting
La machine comprend une unité de commande (non représentée) pour commander les déplacements du robot selon des séquences programmées, ainsi que la tête de placement de fibres, notamment les électrovannes des vérins de coupe, des vérins de réacheminement, et des vérins de blocage, le vérin de commande des tiges 441, 442 pour le blocage du module support, le moteur des rouleaux d'entraînement, et le moteur pour le pivotement du module support.The machine comprises a control unit (not shown) for controlling the movements of the robot according to programmed sequences, as well as the fiber placement head, in particular the solenoid valves for the cutting cylinders, the re-routing cylinders, and the locking cylinders, the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec un mode de réalisation particulier, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these come within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
- Fibre application machine for producing parts made of composite material comprising a fibre application head comprising- an application roller (5, 5'),- a guide system (4) for guiding one fibre or several fibres (F1, F2) in the form of a strip towards said application roller, and- at least one cutting system (7) comprising a blade (71) capable of being manoeuvred by a cutting cylinder (73) between a rest position and an active position for cutting a fibre,
each cutting system (7) comprising a counter-blade (72) elastically held against the blade (71) by the cutting ridge (721a) thereof, for cutting by shearing a fibre while the blade (71) moves from the rest position thereof towards the active position thereof. - Machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the blade (71) comprises an opening (710) for the passage of a fibre, said opening defining a cutting edge (712).
- Machine according to claim 2, characterised in that the counter-blade is arranged between the cutting edge (712) of the blade and the cutting cylinder (73) when the blade is in the rest position thereof, such that the cut is made by retracting the cylinder rod.
- Machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the counter-blade (71) is mounted on a lever (75) mounted pivoting around an axis (A10), said lever being elastically applied by a spring (76) to hold the counter-blade pressed against the blade (71).
- Machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the blade (71) and the counter-blade (72) form an angle (α) of between 1° and 4° between them, preferably between 2° and 3°.
- Machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the blade and/or the counter-blade are equipped with micro-serrated teeth.
- Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the blade (71) and the counter-blade (72) are mounted on one same support (6a, 6b).
- Method for producing parts made of composite material, comprising the layup of fibres onto an application surface, characterised in that said layup is carried out by means of a fibre application machine according to one of claims 1 to 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1502281A FR3043010B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | FIBER APPLICATION MACHINE WITH PARTICULAR CUTTING SYSTEMS |
PCT/FR2016/000165 WO2017072421A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-13 | Fiber-application machine comprising specific cutting systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3368280A1 EP3368280A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
EP3368280B1 true EP3368280B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP16791649.3A Active EP3368280B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-10-13 | Fiber-application machine comprising specific cutting systems |
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US (1) | US10821682B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3368280B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3043010B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017072421A1 (en) |
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-
2015
- 2015-10-28 FR FR1502281A patent/FR3043010B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 US US15/772,491 patent/US10821682B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 WO PCT/FR2016/000165 patent/WO2017072421A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-13 EP EP16791649.3A patent/EP3368280B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3043010A1 (en) | 2017-05-05 |
US20190077094A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
US10821682B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
EP3368280A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
FR3043010B1 (en) | 2017-10-27 |
WO2017072421A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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