EP3359867B1 - Method for supplying cryogenic liquid, and facility for implementing said method - Google Patents
Method for supplying cryogenic liquid, and facility for implementing said method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3359867B1 EP3359867B1 EP16793944.6A EP16793944A EP3359867B1 EP 3359867 B1 EP3359867 B1 EP 3359867B1 EP 16793944 A EP16793944 A EP 16793944A EP 3359867 B1 EP3359867 B1 EP 3359867B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- degassing
- dispensing
- fuel tank
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 68
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002716 delivery method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/028—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the volume as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
- F17C2221/017—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
- F17C2250/075—Action when predefined value is reached when full
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
- F17C2270/0171—Trucks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cryogenic liquid delivery method and an installation for carrying out this method.
- the invention may relate to any type of cryogenic liquid, that is to say any liquid obtained by cooling at very low temperatures (generally below -100 ° C.) gases (pure or gas mixtures) such as, for example, nitrogen, helium or natural gas (methane).
- gases pure or gas mixtures
- methane nitrogen, helium or natural gas
- cryogenic liquids For some uses of cryogenic liquids, the liquid is stored in a relatively large vessel and means are provided for delivering relatively small amounts of liquid into containers, such as a tank of a truck.
- a refueling station with a storage tank and pressurized distribution means adapted to the container to be filled generally comprising a pump for transferring cryogenic liquid from the storage tank to a tank of a vehicle.
- the invention also relates to the transfer of cryogenic liquid to another type of container, for example a cryogenic liquid tank or a dewar.
- a container means any type of tank or container or the like adapted to contain liquid, and more particularly here a cryogenic liquid.
- the document FR-2,997,165 relates to a cryogenic liquid filling process of a tank, from an upstream storage, where there is a filling station through which passes a first channel connecting the storage tank and allowing the transfer cryogenic liquid storage tank, and a second channel connecting a gas outlet of the tank to the filling station and to bring the gas to be discharged from the tank to the filling station, the second gas return line to the station being devoid discharge valve but being provided with a solenoid valve or with several solenoid valves arranged in parallel, normally closed (s), the filling being controlled by the action on the solenoid valve to open as much as necessary so as to obtain a desired pressure difference Delta P (between storage and tank), and a final pressure value in the tank complies with a desired setpoint, associated with the tank considered to be filled.
- a filling station through which passes a first channel connecting the storage tank and allowing the transfer cryogenic liquid storage tank, and a second channel connecting a gas outlet of the tank to the filling station and to bring
- the document FR-3,006,742 discloses a device for filling a tank with a liquefied gaseous fuel at a cryogenic temperature, comprising a source tank for storing gaseous fuel in the liquid state at a cryogenic temperature, a withdrawal line comprising a pump, the withdrawal pipe comprising an upstream end connected to the source reservoir and a downstream end comprising a connection intended to be connected to a tank to be filled, the withdrawal pipe comprising, downstream of the pump, a bypass portion passing inside the reservoir source and comprising a submerged heat exchanger, the withdrawal pipe comprising a bypass valve system (s) shaped to control the relative proportions of the pumped fluid transiting and not passing through the bypass portion, to regulate the temperature of the liquid withdrawn during filling and the filling device includes a cryocooler connected to the source reservoir for selectively liquefying gas present in the source reservoir.
- a cryocooler connected to the source reservoir for selectively liquefying gas present in the source reservoir.
- cryogenic liquid delivery station such as for example LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)
- its reservoir is sometimes under pressure due to the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid in the tank.
- a degassing that is to say remove gas from the tank to lower the pressure therein.
- cryogenic liquid is brought under pressure to the reservoir.
- the liquid distribution stops when one of the following two conditions is met: the pressure in the tank exceeds a predetermined threshold or the liquid flow passes below a predetermined threshold.
- the present invention therefore aims to allow a good filling of a tank, that is to say to automatically fill the tank at its nominal filling level, which may correspond for example to the maximum level of filling allowed.
- Another object of the present invention is to allow to determine quite precisely both the amount of liquid introduced into the tank and the amount of gas removed therefrom.
- the implementation of the present invention will have an excess of preferably zero compared to a cryogenic liquid delivery station (including LNG).
- a degassing operation may be stopped, for example, when the pressure in the tank passes below a predetermined threshold and / or if a quantity of gas, predetermined depending in particular on a quantity of liquid delivered and / or a quantity of gas removed in previous steps, is removed from the tank.
- the delivery process can also be stopped, for example, if the quantity of gas withdrawn during the last degassing operation performed is below a predetermined threshold and if the quantity of cryogenic liquid delivered during the last liquid delivery operation cryogenic is above a predetermined threshold, after a last delivery of cryogenic liquid was then performed.
- the present invention also relates to a cryogenic liquid delivery installation comprising a cryogenic liquid supply pipe and possibly a degassing pipe, characterized in that it further comprises a management system for implementing each of the steps a method as described above.
- the method described below is implemented when a reservoir 2 is connected to a cryogenic liquid delivery station.
- the tank 2 (cf. figure 2 ) can be a tank of a vehicle or an independent container (bottle, dewar, ).
- the cryogenic liquid is for example LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) but it can be any other type of cryogenic liquid (liquid nitrogen, ).
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- it will be assumed in the remainder of the description that the liquid delivered here is LNG for supplying a truck tank.
- the first step R thus consists in connecting the tank 2 to an LNG delivery station.
- the latter allows the transfer of a limited amount of LNG from a storage tank (not shown) to tanks, or the like, of smaller sizes.
- the connection between the tank 2 and the delivery station is carried out by a flexible pipe which comprises two pipes: a first pipe, called the supply line 4, which is intended to bring the LNG from the storage tank to tank 2 of the truck and a second pipe, called degassing pipe 6 for evacuating the gas phase elements present in the tank 2.
- the user who wishes to obtain the filling of his tank then requests this filling by pressing for example a button (not shown).
- step: P? This pressure must be greater than the saturation pressure of the liquid (LNG) to prevent immediate evaporation of the liquid introduced into the tank 2. This condition is most often fulfilled because there is usually still liquid in the tank 2. It should be however, also make sure that this pressure is not too high. Indeed, if the pressure is too close to the maximum permissible pressure of the tank or if this pressure is too close to the maximum pressure that can be delivered by the filling system, then it will be advisable not to send liquid to the tank 2.
- LNG saturation pressure of the liquid
- the method then provides a predetermined pressure (P 0 ) from which it is expected to carry out a degassing of the tank 2.
- step G1 a degassing operation is performed.
- gas is removed from the tank 2.
- the gas is returned to the cryogenic liquid network.
- the amount of gas withdrawn is measured. This measurement can be done precisely with a flowmeter adapted to the nature of the gas and the measurement conditions. Since the pressure of the gas is known (measured) as well as the pipe dimensions and the downstream pressure, the quantity of gas withdrawn from the tank 2 can be estimated as a function of the duration of the degassing operation. Other methods can be used to determine the amount of gas removed from the tank 2.
- step L1 When the pressure in the tank 2 has returned to below the predetermined pressure P 0 , then the filling of the tank 2 with LNG can begin (step L1). As illustrated in the logic diagram, this filling step is performed without degassing beforehand if the pressure in the tank 2 is less than P 0 .
- a step of cooling the system Before allowing LNG to enter the tank 2, a step of cooling the system, not planned on the flowchart to make it simpler, may be necessary to cool the elements of the delivery station and to avoid the risk of injecting gas. in the tank 2.
- This cooling operation, or also called cooling operation, of the system will be described later with reference to the figure 2 .
- the degassing is stopped so that the gas contained in the tank 2 can not exit to the delivery system and remains in the tank 2.
- the amount of cryogenic liquid introduced into the tank 2 tank 2 is measured in order to know the quantity delivered in order to be able to establish a fair price of the transaction.
- the first threshold value P1 may correspond to the predetermined value P 0 defined above, but it may be another limit value.
- the quantity Q L of LNG dispensed during this filling operation is preferably measured.
- the method proposed here provides systematically a degassing step (step G2) after this first filling step (step L1). During this degassing step, the quantity Q G of gas withdrawn from the tank 2 is measured and / or estimated.
- a flowmeter can measure the quantity Q G, but it is also possible to provide a measure of the time that the degassing step lasts in order to estimate, quite precisely, the quantity Q G. Other methods of measurement or estimation may be considered.
- the rest of the process depends on the amount of gas removed from the tank 2 during this degassing operation. If this quantity is large, that is to say greater than a predetermined quantity Q 0 it is estimated that there is still space in the tank 2 and can then launch a new filling step.
- step F1 the cryogenic liquid delivery process is terminated (step F1).
- the present case corresponds for example to a tank 2 which was almost filled when it was connected to the delivery station before the filling operation.
- step L2 a final filling step is carried out before terminating the filling process.
- step Ln a new filling step is started during which the quantity Q L of cryogenic liquid is measured.
- step G2 it is planned to repeat the degassing operation provided in step G2.
- a loop is thus created in which filling and degassing operations are repeated as long as the quantity of gas withdrawn from the tank 2 remains greater than the predetermined value Q 0 and the quantity of liquid transferred to the tank 2 remains below the value predetermined Q 1 .
- the flow diagram of the figure 1 does not handle the initialization and incrementation of the number of fill / outflow loops.
- step G3 a final degassing step (step G3) is performed followed by a final filling step (corresponding to step L2 described above). The filling process thus ends here also in the final step F2 which corresponds to the end of a "normal" filling of the tank 2.
- step F1, F2 and F3 the flexible pipe with the filling line 4 and the degassing pipe 6 can then be uncoupled from the tank 2.
- the figure 2 schematically illustrates a delivery station for implementing the method that has just been presented.
- the tank 2 firstly comprises a supply line 8 in cryogenic liquid which connects the storage tank (not shown) containing the LNG reserve to the supply line 4.
- a first valve 10 is disposed on the supply line 8 and controls the arrival of cryogenic liquid in the delivery system.
- a first flow meter 12 is disposed on the feed line 8 downstream of the first valve 10 to measure the amount of LNG fed to the delivery system. Downstream of this flowmeter is a non-return valve 14 which prevents any rise of cryogenic liquid and gas to the storage tank.
- a second valve 16 is then disposed on the supply line 18 downstream of the first flow meter 12.
- the delivery system represented on the figure 2 also comprises a degassing line made in several sections.
- a first section 20 of the degassing line connects the supply line 8 between the non-return valve 14 and the second valve 16 to a conduit (not shown) making it possible to reinject the gas to the storage tank or to another recovery system. or possibly to a combustion device.
- a third valve 22 controls the flow of gas in this first section 20.
- a measuring device 24 makes it possible to know the pressure and the temperature of the gas in this first section 20.
- a second section 26 of the degassing line connects the supply line 8 to the flexible pipe, and more particularly to the degassing pipe 6. This second section 26 is connected to the supply line 8 downstream of the second valve 16 This second section 26 has a second flow meter 28.
- a link 30 communicates the second section 26 to the supply line 8 near the supply line 4 and the degassing line 6.
- the connection 30 is connected to the second section. 26 upstream of the second flowmeter 28 and the supply line 8 downstream of the non-return valve 18.
- a third nonreturn valve 32 is provided in the second section 26 between the second flowmeter 28 and the connection of the second section 26 to the supply line 8. It ensures that the gas flowing in this second section 26 is discharged out of the reservoir. 2.
- the first valve 10 is closed to prevent LNG from flowing while the second valve 16 and the third valve 22 are open (continuously or alternately) for allow a return of gas, for example from evaporation of liquid present in the pipes, to the storage tank (or any other gas recovery system).
- step G1 When the hose is connected to the tank 2, the third valve 22 closes to control the flow of gas leaving the tank 2. If a degassing operation (step G1) is provided, then this third valve 22 is opened to allow the gas to be removed from the tank 2. The second flow meter 28 measures then the amount of gas removed from the tank 2.
- step L1 a cooling operation of the delivery system could be considered to bring the system to operating temperature.
- LNG is admitted into the delivery system by opening the first valve 10.
- the LNG then flows through the first flow meter 12 and returns to the storage tank by the third valve 22.
- the second valve 16 remains closed during this cooling operation and the control and management system associated with the delivery system does not take into account the amount of LNG measured by the first flow meter 12.
- the first valve 10 and the second valve 16 are open to allow the LNG to pass through the supply line 8 of the storage tank to the tank 2.
- the third valve 22 remains closed so as to prevent a return of gas to the storage tank during the filling steps.
- the first valve 10 is closed first, then the second valve 16.
- a delay is provided for the liquid remaining in the line to evaporate. In this way, it is ensured that the flexible pipe is handled only when it contains gas, which improves the safety of the delivery system.
- the time delay is here determined according to parameters related to the delivery station from calculations and / or experimental tests.
- the first valve 10 is closed so that the delivery system is no longer supplied with cryogenic liquid and the second valve 16 as well as the third valve 22 are open to allow the circulation gas to the storage tank (or other).
- the present device can thus be used to ensure a good filling of the tank 2 by implementing the method described above.
- FIG. 3 A simplified embodiment of the delivery station of the figure 2 is illustrated on the figure 3 .
- the references used on the figure 2 are included on the figure 3 to designate similar elements.
- the rescue station illustrated on this figure 3 first comprises a supply line 8 in cryogenic liquid. It is connected to a storage tank (not shown).
- a first valve 10 is disposed on the supply line 8.
- a first flow meter 12 disposed on the supply line 8 downstream of the first valve 10 is used to measure the amount of liquid (LNG) delivered. This delivery is performed by a first flexible pipe 4 connected to the supply line 8 downstream of the first flow meter 12.
- a degassing line 20 is connected to the supply line 8.
- the connection is made between the first flow meter 12 and the first valve 10.
- the control of the gas flow in the degassing line is realized by a second valve 22 arranged on the degassing line 20.
- the filling process ensures a nominal filling of the tank. Degassing performed after a first filling operation makes it possible to estimate whether the reservoir is well filled, knowing the quantity of gas removed during the degassing and advantageously also the quantity of liquid transferred into the reservoir. If a large amount of liquid has been transferred and little gas has been removed, the tank is probably filled and then just fill up.
- the proposed method also makes it possible to manage intermediate situations between these two situations.
- the proposed device allows the implementation of the method according to the invention. It also makes it possible to precisely measure the quantity of LNG provided to the customer taking into account also gas removed from the tank. This device and method can thus be used for commercial transactions.
- the proposed system is also a safe system for which it is intended to manipulate the connecting pipe to the tank that when the latter is filled with gas (no liquid).
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Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de délivrance de liquide cryogénique ainsi qu'une installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The present invention relates to a cryogenic liquid delivery method and an installation for carrying out this method.
L'invention peut concerner tout type de liquide cryogénique, c'est-à-dire tout liquide obtenu en refroidissant à de très basses températures (généralement inférieures à -100°C) des gaz (purs ou mélanges de gaz) comme par exemple de l'azote, de l'hélium ou du gaz naturel (méthane).The invention may relate to any type of cryogenic liquid, that is to say any liquid obtained by cooling at very low temperatures (generally below -100 ° C.) gases (pure or gas mixtures) such as, for example, nitrogen, helium or natural gas (methane).
Pour certaines utilisations de liquides cryogéniques, le liquide est stocké dans une cuve de relativement grande taille et des moyens sont prévus pour délivrer de relativement petites quantités de liquide dans des conteneurs, comme par exemple un réservoir d'un camion. On a ainsi une station de ravitaillement avec une cuve de stockage et des moyens de distribution sous pression adaptés au conteneur à remplir comportant généralement une pompe permettant de transférer du liquide cryogénique à partir de la cuve de stockage vers un réservoir d'un véhicule. L'invention concerne également le transfert de liquide cryogénique vers un autre type de conteneur, par exemple une bonbonne de liquide cryogénique ou un dewar. On entend par la suite par conteneur, tout type de réservoir ou récipient ou similaire adapté à contenir du liquide, et plus particulièrement ici un liquide cryogénique. En outre, pour alléger la rédaction, on assimilera les transferts de liquide (de la cuve vers par exemple une bonbonne ou un dewar) à un ravitaillement (de la cuve vers un réservoir d'un véhicule).For some uses of cryogenic liquids, the liquid is stored in a relatively large vessel and means are provided for delivering relatively small amounts of liquid into containers, such as a tank of a truck. There is thus a refueling station with a storage tank and pressurized distribution means adapted to the container to be filled generally comprising a pump for transferring cryogenic liquid from the storage tank to a tank of a vehicle. The invention also relates to the transfer of cryogenic liquid to another type of container, for example a cryogenic liquid tank or a dewar. Subsequently, a container means any type of tank or container or the like adapted to contain liquid, and more particularly here a cryogenic liquid. In addition, to reduce the drafting, it will be assimilated transfers of liquid (from the tank to for example a cylinder or a dewar) to a refueling (from the tank to a tank of a vehicle).
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Dans le cas du remplissage d'un réservoir d'un véhicule, lorsque le véhicule se présente pour effectuer un ravitaillement à une station de délivrance de liquide cryogénique, comme par exemple du GNL (Gaz Naturel Liquéfié), son réservoir se trouve parfois sous pression du fait de l'évaporation du liquide cryogénique dans le réservoir. Ainsi, avant de réaliser le ravitaillement, il convient de réaliser un dégazage, c'est-à-dire retirer du gaz du réservoir pour abaisser la pression dans celui-ci. Ensuite, lors du ravitaillement, du liquide cryogénique est amené sous pression jusqu'au réservoir. Généralement, la distribution de liquide s'arrête lorsque l'une des deux conditions suivantes est remplie : la pression dans le réservoir dépasse un seuil prédéterminé ou le débit de liquide passe en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé.In the case of filling a tank of a vehicle, when the vehicle comes to perform refueling at a cryogenic liquid delivery station, such as for example LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), its reservoir is sometimes under pressure due to the evaporation of the cryogenic liquid in the tank. Thus, before carrying out refueling, it is necessary to perform a degassing, that is to say remove gas from the tank to lower the pressure therein. Then, during refueling, cryogenic liquid is brought under pressure to the reservoir. Generally, the liquid distribution stops when one of the following two conditions is met: the pressure in the tank exceeds a predetermined threshold or the liquid flow passes below a predetermined threshold.
Lors d'un ravitaillement, deux phénomènes principaux influent sur la pression régnant dans le réservoir. Le premier tend à augmenter la pression dans le réservoir et le second tend à la faire baisser. En effet, lorsque du liquide vient remplir le réservoir, le volume disponible pour le gaz diminue et donc le gaz se comprime faisant augmenter la pression. Par contre, comme le liquide introduit dans le réservoir est froid, un échange thermique avec le gaz est réalisé et ce dernier vient alors en partie se condenser. La quantité (masse ou nombre de môles) de gaz diminue donc tendant à faire baisser la pression dans le réservoir.During refueling, two main phenomena affect the pressure in the tank. The first tends to increase the pressure in the tank and the second tends to lower it. Indeed, when liquid comes to fill the tank, the available volume for the gas decreases and thus the gas is compressed causing the pressure to increase. On the other hand, as the liquid introduced into the reservoir is cold, a heat exchange with the gas is carried out and the latter then partially condenses. The quantity (mass or number of moles) of gas thus decreases tending to lower the pressure in the tank.
Le plus souvent, un ravitaillement est réalisé rapidement. De ce fait, la chute de pression (condensation du gaz) est limitée et on observe le plus souvent une augmentation de la pression dans le réservoir. Il arrive que la distribution de liquide soit stoppée parce que la pression dans le réservoir dépasse un seuil donné. De ce fait, il peut arriver que la distribution s'arrête avant que le réservoir ne soit correctement rempli. Dans des cas extrêmes, si le réservoir est "chaud" avant le ravitaillement, le liquide cryogénique introduit en premier dans le réservoir va se vaporiser rapidement faisant alors monter brusquement la pression dans le réservoir. Le ravitaillement peut alors être stoppé car la pression a dépassé le seuil prédéterminé alors que le réservoir n'est pas plein, voire même presqu'encore vide.Most often, refueling is done quickly. As a result, the pressure drop (condensation of the gas) is limited and most often an increase in the pressure in the tank is observed. Sometimes the liquid distribution is stopped because the pressure in the tank exceeds a given threshold. As a result, dispensing may stop before the tank is properly filled. In extreme cases, if the tank is "hot" before refueling, the cryogenic liquid first introduced into the tank will vaporize quickly causing the pressure in the tank to rise sharply. The refueling can then be stopped because the pressure has exceeded the predetermined threshold while the reservoir is not full, or almost empty.
Ainsi, comme il sort de ce qui précède, il convient de mesurer la pression régnant dans un réservoir que l'on ravitaille. Le débit de liquide entrant dans le réservoir est lui aussi généralement mesuré, ne serait-ce que pour pouvoir facturer au client, le propriétaire du véhicule ravitaillé, le liquide cryogénique qui lui est fourni. Comme indiqué plus haut, il est parfois (ou souvent) nécessaire de retirer du gaz hors du réservoir pour abaisser la pression dans celui-ci. Pour tenir compte de la quantité de gaz retirée hors du réservoir lors de la facturation, il est aussi habituel de mesurer la quantité de gaz évacuée hors du réservoir.Thus, as it comes out of the above, it is necessary to measure the pressure prevailing in a tank that is refueling. The flow of liquid entering the tank is also generally measured, if only to be able to charge the customer, the owner of the refueled vehicle, the cryogenic liquid that is supplied. As indicated above, it is sometimes (or often) necessary to remove gas from the tank to lower the pressure therein. To account for the amount of gas removed from the tank during billing, it is also customary to measure the amount of gas discharged from the tank.
La présente invention a alors pour but de permettre un bon remplissage d'un réservoir, c'est-à-dire de réaliser automatiquement un remplissage du réservoir à son niveau de remplissage nominal, qui peut correspondre par exemple au niveau de remplissage maximal autorisé.The present invention therefore aims to allow a good filling of a tank, that is to say to automatically fill the tank at its nominal filling level, which may correspond for example to the maximum level of filling allowed.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de permettre de déterminer assez précisément tant la quantité de liquide introduit dans le réservoir que la quantité de gaz qui en est retirée.Another object of the present invention is to allow to determine quite precisely both the amount of liquid introduced into the tank and the amount of gas removed therefrom.
Avantageusement, la mise en oeuvre de la présente invention présentera un surcout de préférence nul par rapport à une station de délivrance de liquide cryogénique (notamment GNL).Advantageously, the implementation of the present invention will have an excess of preferably zero compared to a cryogenic liquid delivery station (including LNG).
Enfin, le temps de ravitaillement d'un réservoir ne doit pas être rallongé de façon sensible du fait de la mise en oeuvre de l'invention.Finally, the refueling time of a tank must not be lengthened significantly because of the implementation of the invention.
À cet effet, la présente invention propose un procédé de délivrance de liquide cryogénique comportant les étapes suivantes :
- raccordement de manière étanche d'un réservoir à remplir à une cuve de stockage,
- délivrance de liquide cryogénique vers le réservoir et détermination, d'une part, du flux de liquide en cours de délivrance et de la quantité de liquide délivré et, d'autre part, de la pression régnant dans le réservoir,
- arrêt de la délivrance du liquide lorsque la pression dépasse un premier seuil prédéterminé ou bien lorsque le flux de liquide passe en dessous d'un second seuil prédéterminé.
- sealingly connecting a tank to be filled to a storage tank,
- supplying cryogenic liquid to the reservoir and determining, on the one hand, the flow of liquid during delivery and the quantity of liquid delivered and, on the other hand, the pressure prevailing in the reservoir,
- stopping delivery of the liquid when the pressure exceeds a first predetermined threshold or when the flow of liquid passes below a second predetermined threshold.
Selon la présente invention, le procédé comporte en outre les étapes suivantes :
- dégazage du réservoir après arrêt de la délivrance en déterminant la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir lors du dégazage, et
- détermination s'il y a lieu de délivrer à nouveau du liquide ou non en fonction de la quantité de gaz retiré lors du dégazage et éventuellement d'autres paramètres.
- degassing of the tank after stopping delivery by determining the amount of gas removed from the tank during degassing, and
- determination whether to re-deliver liquid or not depending on the amount of gas removed during degassing and possibly other parameters.
De façon originale, il est proposé ici de faire un dégazage du réservoir après son remplissage. Il a été remarqué que la connaissance de la quantité de gaz retiré du réservoir lors du dernier dégazage permettait d'avoir une idée sur l'état de remplissage du réservoir. Il est donc possible de déterminer avec cette information si le réservoir doit encore être rempli ou non. On peut aussi utiliser éventuellement d'autres informations, comme par exemple la quantité de liquide cryogénique fournie au réservoir lors de la dernière étape de remplissage : cette quantité est généralement connue. La détermination de la quantité de liquide délivré et/ou la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir peut se faire par mesure, avec par exemple un débitmètre, ou bien par estimation, par exemple en fonction du temps de délivrance ou de dégazage, la pression du fluide étant connue par ailleurs.In an original way, it is proposed here to degassing the tank after filling. It has been noticed that the knowledge of the quantity of gas removed from the tank during the last degassing made it possible to have an idea of the state of filling of the tank. It is therefore possible to determine with this information whether the tank is still to be filled or not. Other information may also be used, such as, for example, the quantity of cryogenic liquid supplied to the reservoir during the last filling step: this quantity is generally known. The determination of the quantity of liquid delivered and / or the quantity of gas removed from the tank can be measured, for example with a flow meter, or by estimation, for example as a function of the delivery or degassing time, the pressure of the fluid being known by elsewhere.
Dans un procédé tel que proposé ci-dessus, on prévoit avantageusement que tant que la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir est supérieure à un troisième seuil prédéterminé, une nouvelle délivrance de liquide avec détermination de la quantité délivrée lors de cette nouvelle délivrance, suivie d'un dégazage avec détermination de la quantité de gaz retirée hors du réservoir, est réalisée. Ensuite, si la quantité de liquide délivré lors de la délivrance de liquide est supérieure à une quantité de liquide prédéterminée, alors une nouvelle opération de dégazage peut alors être réalisée, suivie éventuellement d'une dernière étape de délivrance de liquide.In a process as proposed above, it is advantageously provided that as long as the quantity of gas withdrawn from the tank is greater than a third predetermined threshold, a new liquid delivery with determination of the quantity delivered during this new delivery, followed by degassing with determination of the amount of gas withdrawn from the tank is carried out. Then, if the quantity of liquid delivered during the delivery of liquid is greater than a predetermined amount of liquid, then a new degassing operation can then be performed, possibly followed by a last liquid delivery step.
Pour ne pas risquer d'avoir une durée de remplissage d'un réservoir trop importante et/ou de remplir au-delà du niveau de remplissage maximal autorisé, il est prévu avantageusement que le nombre d'étapes de délivrance de liquide cryogénique est limité.In order not to risk having a filling time for a too large reservoir and / or to fill above the maximum permitted filling level, it is advantageously provided that the number of cryogenic liquid delivery steps is limited.
Dans un procédé selon la présente invention, une opération de dégazage peut être par exemple stoppée lorsque la pression dans le réservoir passe sous un seuil prédéterminé et/ou si une quantité de gaz, prédéterminée en fonction notamment d'une quantité de liquide délivré et/ou d'une quantité de gaz retiré lors d'étapes précédentes, est retirée du réservoir.In a process according to the present invention, a degassing operation may be stopped, for example, when the pressure in the tank passes below a predetermined threshold and / or if a quantity of gas, predetermined depending in particular on a quantity of liquid delivered and / or a quantity of gas removed in previous steps, is removed from the tank.
Selon une variante de réalisation préférée, on peut aussi prévoir que si la quantité de gaz retirée lors de la dernière opération de dégazage réalisée et si la quantité de liquide cryogénique délivré lors de la dernière opération de délivrance de liquide cryogénique sont toutes deux en dessous de seuils prédéterminés, alors le procédé de délivrance est arrêté.According to a preferred embodiment, it can also be provided that if the quantity of gas removed during the last degassing operation performed and if the quantity of cryogenic liquid delivered during the last cryogenic liquid delivery operation are both below predetermined thresholds, then the delivery process is stopped.
Le procédé de délivrance peut également par exemple être arrêté si la quantité de gaz retirée lors de la dernière opération de dégazage réalisée est en-dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé et si la quantité de liquide cryogénique délivré lors de la dernière opération de délivrance de liquide cryogénique est au-dessus d'un seuil prédéterminé, après qu'une dernière délivrance de liquide cryogénique ait alors été réalisée.The delivery process can also be stopped, for example, if the quantity of gas withdrawn during the last degassing operation performed is below a predetermined threshold and if the quantity of cryogenic liquid delivered during the last liquid delivery operation cryogenic is above a predetermined threshold, after a last delivery of cryogenic liquid was then performed.
La présente invention concerne également une installation de délivrance de liquide cryogénique comportant un tuyau d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique et éventuellement un tuyau de dégazage, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre un système de gestion pour la mise en oeuvre de chacune des étapes d'un procédé tel que décrit ci-dessus.The present invention also relates to a cryogenic liquid delivery installation comprising a cryogenic liquid supply pipe and possibly a degassing pipe, characterized in that it further comprises a management system for implementing each of the steps a method as described above.
À cet effet, une telle installation de délivrance peut comporter :
- un tuyau d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique,
- des moyens de délivrance de liquide cryogénique incluant des moyens de raccordement de manière étanche à un réservoir,
- des moyens de détermination, d'une part, d'un flux de liquide vers le réservoir et, d'autre part, de la pression régnant dans ledit réservoir,
- des moyens pour arrêter la délivrance du liquide cryogénique,
- des moyens pour dégazer le réservoir,
- des moyens de détermination de la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir lors d'un dégazage, et
- un système de gestion et de commande agissant, d'une part, sur les moyens de délivrance et d'arrêt de la délivrance en fonction de la pression de liquide dans le réservoir et/ou bien du flux de liquide délivré au réservoir et/ou de la quantité de gaz retiré lors du précédent dégazage et, d'autre part, sur les moyens de dégazage pour commander un dégazage du réservoir après au moins une délivrance de liquide cryogénique.
- a cryogenic liquid supply pipe,
- cryogenic liquid delivery means including means for sealingly connecting to a reservoir,
- means for determining, on the one hand, a flow of liquid towards the reservoir and, on the other hand, the pressure prevailing in said reservoir,
- means for stopping the delivery of the cryogenic liquid,
- means for degassing the reservoir,
- means for determining the amount of gas removed from the tank during degassing, and
- a management and control system acting, on the one hand, on the means for delivering and stopping the delivery as a function of the liquid pressure in the reservoir and / or the flow of liquid delivered to the reservoir and / or the quantity of gas removed during the previous degassing and, secondly, the degassing means for controlling a degassing of the tank after at least one delivery of cryogenic liquid.
Selon une première forme de réalisation, il est proposé une installation comportant :
- une ligne d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique,
- une première vanne disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation,
- un premier débitmètre disposé sur la ligne d'alimentation en aval de la première vanne,
- une première conduite souple en aval du premier débitmètre destinée à relier la ligne d'alimentation à un réservoir pour délivrer du liquide cryogénique à ce dernier,
- une ligne de dégazage raccordée à la ligne d'alimentation entre le premier débitmètre et la première vanne, et
- une seconde vanne disposée sur la ligne de dégazage.
- a cryogenic liquid supply line,
- a first valve arranged on the supply line,
- a first flowmeter disposed on the supply line downstream of the first valve,
- a first flexible pipe downstream of the first flow meter for connecting the supply line to a tank for delivering cryogenic liquid thereto,
- a degassing line connected to the supply line between the first flowmeter and the first valve, and
- a second valve disposed on the degassing line.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, permettant outre d'assurer un bon remplissage d'un réservoir, d'assurer également une mesure précise du liquide introduit dans un réservoir ainsi du gaz retiré de celui-ci, une installation selon l'invention peut comporter :
- une ligne d'alimentation en liquide cryogénique,
- une première vanne disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation,
- un premier débitmètre disposé sur la ligne d'alimentation en aval de la première vanne,
- une deuxième vanne disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation en aval du premier débitmètre,
- une première conduite souple en aval de la deuxième vanne destinée à relier la ligne d'alimentation à un réservoir pour délivrer du liquide cryogénique à ce dernier,
- une ligne de dégazage raccordée à la ligne d'alimentation entre le premier débitmètre et la deuxième vanne,
- une troisième vanne disposée sur la ligne de dégazage, et
- une seconde conduite souple dite conduite de dégazage destinée à être reliée au réservoir pour permettre de retirer du gaz de ce dernier, ladite conduite de dégazage étant reliée à la ligne d'alimentation en aval de la deuxième vanne par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison.
- a cryogenic liquid supply line,
- a first valve arranged on the supply line,
- a first flowmeter disposed on the supply line downstream of the first valve,
- a second valve arranged on the supply line downstream of the first flowmeter,
- a first flexible pipe downstream of the second valve for connecting the supply line to a tank for delivering cryogenic liquid thereto,
- a degassing line connected to the supply line between the first flowmeter and the second valve,
- a third valve disposed on the degassing line, and
- a second flexible pipe called a degassing pipe intended to be connected to the tank to allow removal of gas from the latter, said degassing pipe being connected to the supply line downstream of the second valve via a connection .
Pour la détermination de la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir lors d'une phase de dégazage, il est proposé de munir la ligne de dégazage d'un débitmètre.In order to determine the quantity of gas withdrawn from the tank during a degassing phase, it is proposed to provide the degassing line with a flow meter.
Des détails et avantages de la présente invention apparaitront mieux de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin schématique annexé sur lequel :
- La
figure 1 est un logigramme illustrant une variante de réalisation préférée d'un procédé selon l'invention, - La
figure 2 illustre schématiquement une installation de délivrance de liquide cryogénique pouvant avantageusement être utilisée pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé illustré sur lafigure 1 , et - La
figure 3 illustre schématiquement une installation de délivrance pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé illustré sur lafigure 1 , simplifiée par rapport à celle de lafigure 2 .
- The
figure 1 is a logic diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment variant of a method according to the invention, - The
figure 2 schematically illustrates a cryogenic liquid delivery installation that can advantageously be used to implement the method illustrated in FIG.figure 1 , and - The
figure 3 schematically illustrates a delivery facility for carrying out the method illustrated in thefigure 1 , simplified compared to that offigure 2 .
Le procédé décrit ci-après est mis en oeuvre lorsqu'un réservoir 2 est relié à une station de délivrance de liquide cryogénique. Le réservoir 2 (cf.
La première étape R consiste ainsi ici à raccorder le réservoir 2 à une station de délivrance de GNL. Cette dernière permet le transfert d'une quantité limitée de GNL d'une cuve de stockage (non représentée) vers des réservoirs, ou similaires, de tailles moindres. La liaison entre le réservoir 2 et la station de délivrance est réalisée par un tuyau flexible qui comporte deux conduites : une première conduite, dite conduite d'alimentation 4, qui est destinée à amener le GNL en provenance de la cuve de stockage jusqu'au réservoir 2 du camion et une seconde conduite, dite conduite de dégazage 6 destinée à évacuer les éléments sous phase gazeuse présents dans le réservoir 2.The first step R thus consists in connecting the
L'utilisateur qui souhaite obtenir le remplissage de son réservoir demande alors ce remplissage en appuyant par exemple sur un bouton (non illustré).The user who wishes to obtain the filling of his tank then requests this filling by pressing for example a button (not shown).
Pour pouvoir réaliser un remplissage, il convient tout d'abord de déterminer si la pression dans le réservoir 2 (étape : P ?). Cette pression devra être supérieure à la pression de saturation du liquide (GNL) pour éviter une évaporation immédiate du liquide introduit dans le réservoir 2. Cette condition est le plus souvent remplie car il y a généralement encore du liquide dans le réservoir 2. Il convient toutefois de s'assurer aussi que cette pression n'est pas trop élevée. En effet, si la pression est trop proche de la pression maximale admissible du réservoir ou bien encore si cette pression est trop proche de la pression maximale pouvant être délivrée par le système de remplissage, alors il conviendra de ne pas envoyer de liquide vers le réservoir 2.In order to perform a filling, it is first necessary to determine if the pressure in the tank 2 (step: P?). This pressure must be greater than the saturation pressure of the liquid (LNG) to prevent immediate evaporation of the liquid introduced into the
Le procédé prévoit alors une pression prédéterminée (P0) à partir de laquelle il est prévu de réaliser un dégazage du réservoir 2.The method then provides a predetermined pressure (P 0 ) from which it is expected to carry out a degassing of the
Ainsi donc, si la pression P dans le réservoir 2 est supérieure à la pression prédéterminée P0 (P>P0), alors une opération de dégazage (étape G1) est réalisée. Au cours de cette opération, du gaz est retiré du réservoir 2. Le gaz est renvoyé vers le réseau de liquide cryogénique. De préférence, la quantité de gaz retiré est mesurée. Cette mesure peut être réalisée précisément avec un débitmètre adapté à la nature du gaz et aux conditions de mesure. La pression du gaz étant connue (mesurée) de même que les dimensions des conduites et la pression en aval, la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir 2 peut être estimée en fonction de la durée de l'opération de dégazage. D'autres méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour déterminer la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir 2.Thus, if the pressure P in the
Lorsque la pression dans le réservoir 2 est redevenue inférieure à la pression prédéterminée P0, alors le remplissage du réservoir 2 avec du GNL peut commencer (étape L1). Comme illustré sur le logigramme, cette étape de remplissage est réalisée sans dégazage préalable si la pression dans le réservoir 2 est inférieure à P0.When the pressure in the
Avant de laisser entrer du GNL dans le réservoir 2, une étape de refroidissement du système, non prévue sur le logigramme pour le rendre plus simple, peut être nécessaire pour refroidir des éléments de la station de délivrance et ne pas risquer d'injecter du gaz dans le réservoir 2. Cette opération de refroidissement, ou appelée aussi opération de mise en froid, du système sera décrite plus loin en référence à la
Généralement, pendant le remplissage du réservoir 2 avec du GNL, le dégazage est arrêté si bien que le gaz contenu dans le réservoir 2 ne peut pas sortir vers le système de délivrance et reste dans le réservoir 2. La quantité de liquide cryogénique introduite dans le réservoir 2 est mesurée afin de connaitre la quantité délivrée de manière à pouvoir établir un juste prix de la transaction. Dans le cas d'application dans lesquelles le liquide cryogénique n'est pas vendu, il est possible de déterminer la quantité de liquide délivré par une estimation, par exemple à partir du temps de délivrance et de la pression du liquide, les dimensions des conduites étant connues par construction.Generally, during filling of the
L'opération de remplissage (étape L1 mais aussi par la suite les autres étapes/opérations de remplissage/délivrance qui seront prévues) s'arrête lorsqu'une des deux conditions suivantes est réalisée :
- la pression dans le réservoir 2 atteint une première valeur seuil P1 et/ou
- le débit de liquide (par exemple exprimé en litres par seconde l/s) passe en dessous d'un deuxième seuil D2.
- the pressure in the
tank 2 reaches a first threshold value P1 and / or - the liquid flow rate (for example expressed in liters per second l / s) passes below a second threshold D2.
La première valeur seuil P1 peut correspondre à la valeur prédéterminée P0 définie précédemment mais il peut s'agir d'une autre valeur limite.The first threshold value P1 may correspond to the predetermined value P 0 defined above, but it may be another limit value.
Le deuxième seuil D2 est prédéterminé en fonction notamment du débit nominal Dn de la station de délivrance. On peut par exemple prévoir que D2 = Dn /10, c'est-à-dire que la délivrance de GNL s'arrête lorsque le débit de liquide descend en dessous de 10% du débit nominal.The second threshold D2 is predetermined as a function, in particular, of the nominal flow rate D n of the delivery station. For example, it can be provided that D2 = D n / 10, that is to say that LNG delivery stops when the liquid flow rate drops below 10% of the nominal flow rate.
La quantité QL de GNL distribuée au cours de cette opération de remplissage est de préférence mesurée.The quantity Q L of LNG dispensed during this filling operation is preferably measured.
De manière originale, le procédé proposé ici prévoit de réaliser systématiquement une étape de dégazage (étape G2) après cette première étape de remplissage (étape L1). Au cours de cette étape de dégazage, la quantité QG de gaz retirée du réservoir 2 est mesurée et/ou estimée. Un débitmètre peut mesurer la quantité QG mais on peut aussi prévoir une mesure du temps que dure l'étape de dégazage afin d'estimer, assez précisément, la quantité QG. D'autres méthodes de mesure ou d'estimation peuvent être envisagées.In an original way, the method proposed here provides systematically a degassing step (step G2) after this first filling step (step L1). During this degassing step, the quantity Q G of gas withdrawn from the
La suite du procédé dépend de la quantité de gaz retirée du réservoir 2 lors de cette opération de dégazage. Si cette quantité est importante, c'est-à-dire supérieure à une quantité prédéterminée Q0 on estime qu'il y a encore de l'espace dans le réservoir 2 et on peut alors lancer une nouvelle étape de remplissage.The rest of the process depends on the amount of gas removed from the
Par contre, si cette quantité de gaz est faible, c'est-à-dire inférieure à la quantité prédéterminée Q0, il peut être mis fin au procédé de remplissage. Dans ce dernier cas, comme on peut le voir à droite sur le logigramme, deux façons de procéder sont proposées en fonction de la quantité QL de GNL qui a été délivrée lors de la dernière étape de remplissage.On the other hand, if this quantity of gas is small, that is to say less than the predetermined quantity Q 0 , the filling process can be ended. In the latter case, as can be seen on the right on the logic diagram, two ways of proceeding are proposed according to the quantity Q L of LNG which was delivered during the last step of filling.
Si cette quantité QL de GNL était faible, par exemple inférieure à une quantité Q1, alors on met fin au processus de délivrance de liquide cryogénique (étape F1). Le cas présent correspond par exemple à un réservoir 2 qui était déjà quasiment rempli lors de sa connexion à la station de délivrance avant l'opération de remplissage.If this quantity Q L of LNG was low, for example less than one quantity Q 1 , then the cryogenic liquid delivery process is terminated (step F1). The present case corresponds for example to a
Par contre, si la quantité QL de GNL délivré lors de la dernière étape de remplissage était supérieure à la quantité Q1 alors il est procédé à une ultime étape de remplissage (étape L2) avant de mettre fin au procédé de remplissage (étape F2).On the other hand, if the quantity Q L of LNG delivered during the last filling step was greater than the quantity Q 1, then a final filling step (step L2) is carried out before terminating the filling process (step F2 ).
Dans le cas où la quantité QG de gaz est supérieure à la quantité Q0 alors une nouvelle étape de remplissage (étape Ln) est lancée au cours de laquelle la quantité QL de liquide cryogénique est mesurée. Tant que la quantité QL reste inférieure à la quantité prédéterminée Q1, il est prévu de répéter l'opération de dégazage prévue à l'étape G2. On réalise ainsi une boucle où se succèdent des opérations de remplissage et de dégazage tant que la quantité de gaz retirée hors du réservoir 2 reste supérieure à la valeur prédéterminée Q0 et que la quantité de liquide transféré vers le réservoir 2 demeure inférieure à la valeur prédéterminée Q1.In the case where the quantity Q G of gas is greater than the quantity Q 0 then a new filling step (step Ln) is started during which the quantity Q L of cryogenic liquid is measured. As long as the quantity Q L remains smaller than the predetermined quantity Q 1 , it is planned to repeat the degassing operation provided in step G2. A loop is thus created in which filling and degassing operations are repeated as long as the quantity of gas withdrawn from the
Pour éviter de prolonger la durée de remplissage du réservoir 2 et/ou de remplir le réservoir 2 au-delà du niveau maximal préconisé, il est proposé de mettre fin à cette boucle au bout d'un nombre N de boucles. Il est donc prévu dans un système de gestion du procédé de remplissage d'incrémenter un nombre qui compte le nombre de remplissages effectués. Si le nombre N est atteint par l'incrément, il est mis fin au procédé de remplissage après la Nième étape de remplissage.To avoid prolonging the filling time of the
Pour des questions de simplification, le logigramme de la
Dans la plupart des cas, la boucle à gauche de la
Lors de chaque étape de fin (étapes F1, F2 et F3), le tuyau flexible avec la conduite de remplissage 4 et la conduite de dégazage 6 peut alors être désaccouplé du réservoir 2.During each end step (steps F1, F2 and F3), the flexible pipe with the filling
La
On remarque sur la
Une première vanne 10 est disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation 8 et permet de contrôler l'arrivée de liquide cryogénique dans le système de délivrance.A
Un premier débitmètre 12 est disposé sur la ligne d'alimentation 8 en aval de la première vanne 10 pour mesurer la quantité de GNL alimentant le système de délivrance. En aval de ce débitmètre se trouve un clapet anti-retour 14 qui évite toute remontée de liquide cryogénique ainsi que de gaz vers la cuve de stockage.A
Une deuxième vanne 16 est ensuite disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation 18 en aval du premier débitmètre 12.A
Enfin, un autre clapet anti-retour 18 sur la ligne d'alimentation 8 avant sa jonction avec le tuyau flexible et plus précisément la conduite d'alimentation 4 de ce tuyau flexible est prévu pour éviter toute remontée de liquide mais aussi de gaz à ce niveau de la ligne d'alimentation 8.Finally, another
Le système de délivrance représenté sur la
Un premier tronçon 20 de la ligne de dégazage raccorde la ligne d'alimentation 8 entre le clapet anti-retour 14 et la deuxième vanne 16 à un conduit non représenté permettant de réinjecter le gaz vers la cuve de stockage ou vers un autre système de récupération, voire éventuellement vers un dispositif de combustion. Une troisième vanne 22 contrôle le débit de gaz dans ce premier tronçon 20. Un dispositif de mesure 24 permet de connaitre la pression et la température du gaz dans ce premier tronçon 20.A
Un second tronçon 26 de la ligne de dégazage relie la ligne d'alimentation 8 au tuyau flexible, et plus particulièrement à la conduite de dégazage 6. Ce second tronçon 26 est raccordé à la ligne d'alimentation 8 en aval de la deuxième vanne 16. On retrouve sur ce second tronçon 26 un second débitmètre 28.A
À l'intérieur du système de délivrance, une liaison 30 fait communiquer le second tronçon 26 à la ligne d'alimentation 8 à proximité de la conduite d'alimentation 4 et de la conduite de dégazage 6. La liaison 30 est raccordée au second tronçon 26 en amont du second débitmètre 28 et à la ligne d'alimentation 8 en aval du clapet anti-retour 18.Inside the delivery system, a
Un troisième clapet anti-retour 32 est prévu dans le second tronçon 26 entre le second débitmètre 28 et le raccordement du second tronçon 26 à la ligne d'alimentation 8. Il assure que le gaz circulant dans ce second tronçon 26 est évacué hors du réservoir 2.A
La suite de la présente description indique comment le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit et tel qu'illustré sur la
Au départ, avant le raccordement du tuyau flexible sur le réservoir 2, la première vanne 10 est fermée pour éviter que du GNL ne s'écoule tandis que la deuxième vanne 16 et la troisième vanne 22 sont ouvertes (en continu ou par alternances) pour permettre un retour de gaz, provenant par exemple d'une évaporation de liquide présent dans les conduites, vers la cuve de stockage (ou tout autre système de récupération du gaz).Initially, before connecting the hose to the
Lorsque le tuyau flexible est raccordé au réservoir 2, la troisième vanne 22 se ferme pour contrôler le débit de gaz sortant du réservoir 2. Si une opération de dégazage (étape G1) est prévue, alors cette troisième vanne 22 est ouverte pour permettre au gaz d'être retiré du réservoir 2. Le second débitmètre 28 mesure alors la quantité de gaz retirée hors du réservoir 2.When the hose is connected to the
Il a été évoqué plus haut que préalablement à la première étape de remplissage (étape L1) une opération de refroidissement du système de délivrance pouvait être envisagée pour mettre le système à température de fonctionnement. Pour cette opération, du GNL est admis dans le système de délivrance en ouvrant la première vanne 10. Le GNL circule alors à travers le premier débitmètre 12 et retourne à la cuve de stockage par la troisième vanne 22. La deuxième vanne 16 reste fermée lors de cette opération de refroidissement et le système de contrôle et de gestion associé au système de délivrance ne prend pas en compte la quantité de GNL mesurée par le premier débitmètre 12.It has been mentioned above that prior to the first filling step (step L1) a cooling operation of the delivery system could be considered to bring the system to operating temperature. For this operation, LNG is admitted into the delivery system by opening the
Pour une étape de remplissage (étapes L1, L2 ou Ln), la première vanne 10 et la deuxième vanne 16 sont ouvertes pour permettre au GNL de transiter par la ligne d'alimentation 8 de la cuve de stockage vers le réservoir 2. La troisième vanne 22 reste fermée de manière à empêcher un retour de gaz vers la cuve de stockage lors des étapes de remplissage.For a filling step (steps L1, L2 or Ln), the
À la fin d'une étape de remplissage, la première vanne 10 est fermée en premier, puis la deuxième vanne 16. Une temporisation est prévue pour que le liquide restant dans la ligne s'évapore. De la sorte, on s'assure que le tuyau flexible n'est manipulé que lorsqu'il contient du gaz, ce qui améliore la sécurité du système de délivrance. La temporisation est ici déterminée en fonction de paramètres liés à la station de délivrance à partir de calculs et/ou de tests expérimentaux.At the end of a filling step, the
Ensuite, lors d'une opération de dégazage du réservoir 2, la première vanne 10 est fermée pour que le système de délivrance ne soit plus alimenté en liquide cryogénique et la deuxième vanne 16 de même que la troisième vanne 22 sont ouvertes pour permettre la circulation du gaz vers la cuve de stockage (ou autre).Then, during a degassing operation of the
Le présent dispositif peut ainsi être utilisé pour garantir un bon remplissage du réservoir 2 en mettant en oeuvre le procédé décrit plus haut.The present device can thus be used to ensure a good filling of the
Une forme de réalisation simplifiée de la station de délivrance de la
La station de délivrance illustrée sur cette
Pour commander la délivrance de liquide cryogénique vers un réservoir 2, une première vanne 10 est disposée sur la ligne d'alimentation 8. Un premier débitmètre 12 disposé sur la ligne d'alimentation 8 en aval de la première vanne 10 est utilisé pour mesurer la quantité de liquide (GNL) délivré. Cette délivrance est réalisée par une première conduite souple 4 raccordée à la ligne d'alimentation 8 en aval du premier débitmètre 12.To control the delivery of cryogenic liquid to a
Pour permettre un retour de liquide vaporisé, une ligne de dégazage 20 est raccordée à la ligne d'alimentation 8. Ici le raccordement est fait entre le premier débitmètre 12 et la première vanne 10. Le contrôle du flux de gaz dans la ligne de dégazage est réalisé par une seconde vanne 22 disposée sur la ligne de dégazage 20.To allow a return of vaporized liquid, a
Le procédé de remplissage permet de garantir un remplissage nominal du réservoir. Un dégazage réalisé après une première opération de remplissage permet d'estimer si le réservoir est bien rempli, connaissant la quantité de gaz retiré lors du dégazage et avantageusement aussi la quantité de liquide transféré dans le réservoir. Si une grande quantité de liquide a été transférée et que peu de gaz a été retiré, le réservoir est probablement rempli et on réalise alors juste un remplissage d'appoint.The filling process ensures a nominal filling of the tank. Degassing performed after a first filling operation makes it possible to estimate whether the reservoir is well filled, knowing the quantity of gas removed during the degassing and advantageously also the quantity of liquid transferred into the reservoir. If a large amount of liquid has been transferred and little gas has been removed, the tank is probably filled and then just fill up.
À l'opposé, si une faible quantité de liquide a été transférée vers le réservoir mais que beaucoup de gaz en a été retiré, on peut supposer que le réservoir était "chaud" et que le liquide introduit dans le réservoir s'est rapidement évaporé.In contrast, if a small amount of liquid has been transferred to the tank but a lot of gas has been removed, it can be assumed that the tank was "hot" and that the liquid introduced into the tank quickly evaporated. .
Le procédé proposé permet aussi de gérer des situations intermédiaires entre ces deux situations.The proposed method also makes it possible to manage intermediate situations between these two situations.
Le dispositif proposé permet la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Il permet en outre de mesurer précisément la quantité de GNL fourni au client en tenant compte aussi du gaz retiré du réservoir. Ce dispositif et ce procédé peuvent ainsi être utilisés pour des transactions commerciales.The proposed device allows the implementation of the method according to the invention. It also makes it possible to precisely measure the quantity of LNG provided to the customer taking into account also gas removed from the tank. This device and method can thus be used for commercial transactions.
Le fait de garantir un bon remplissage d'un réservoir pour un camion permet de lui garantir une autonomie maximale.The fact of ensuring a good filling of a tank for a truck ensures maximum autonomy.
Le système proposé est également un système sûr pour lequel il est notamment prévu de manipuler le tuyau de raccordement au réservoir que lorsque ce dernier est rempli de gaz (pas de liquide).The proposed system is also a safe system for which it is intended to manipulate the connecting pipe to the tank that when the latter is filled with gas (no liquid).
Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à la forme de réalisation de l'installation illustrée sur le dessin, aux variantes évoquées dans la description qui précède et au procédé décrit plus haut. Elle concerne également toutes les variantes de réalisation à la portée de l'homme du métier conformément à la définition des revendications ci-après.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of the installation illustrated in the drawing, the variants mentioned in the foregoing description and the method described above. It also relates to all embodiments within the scope of the skilled person according to the definition of the claims below.
Claims (11)
- Method for dispensing cryogenic liquid, including the following steps:- connecting, in a sealtight manner, a fuel tank (2) to be filled to a storage tank,- dispensing cryogenic liquid to the fuel tank (2) and determining firstly the flow of liquid being dispensed and the amount of liquid dispensed, and secondly the pressure prevailing in the fuel tank (2),- stopping the dispensing of the liquid when the pressure exceeds a first predetermined threshold or else when the flow of liquid drops below a second predetermined threshold,characterized in that the method furthermore includes the following steps:- degassing the fuel tank (2) after stopping the dispensing, while determining the amount of gas removed from the fuel tank (2) during the degassing, and- determining whether or not liquid should be dispensed again on the basis of the amount of gas removed during the degassing and possibly of other parameters.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, as long as the amount of gas removed from the fuel tank (2) is greater than a predetermined third threshold, a new dispensing of liquid with determination of the amount dispensed during this new dispensing, followed by degassing with determination of the amount of gas removed from the fuel tank (2), is performed.
- Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that, if the amount of liquid dispensed during the dispensing of liquid is greater than a predetermined amount of liquid, then a new degassing operation is performed, followed by a last step of dispensing liquid.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the number of cryogenic liquid dispensing steps is limited.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a degassing operation is stopped when the pressure in the fuel tank drops below a predetermined threshold and/or if an amount of gas, which amount is predetermined on the basis in particular of an amount of liquid dispensed and/or of an amount of gas removed during preceding steps, is removed from the fuel tank.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, if the amount of gas removed during the last degassing operation performed and if the amount of cryogenic liquid dispensed during the last cryogenic liquid dispensing operation are both below predetermined thresholds, then the dispensing method is stopped.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, if the amount of gas removed during the last degassing operation performed is below a predetermined threshold and if the amount of cryogenic liquid dispensed during the last cryogenic liquid dispensing operation is above a predetermined threshold, then a last dispensing of cryogenic liquid is performed and the dispensing method is stopped.
- Installation for dispensing cryogenic liquid, including a cryogenic liquid feed pipe (4) and means for dispensing cryogenic liquid, including means for connecting, in a sealtight manner, to a fuel tank, characterized in that it furthermore includes:- means for determining firstly a flow of liquid to the fuel tank, and secondly the pressure prevailing in said fuel tank,- means for stopping the dispensing of the cryogenic liquid,- means for degassing the fuel tank,- means for determining the amount of gas removed from the fuel tank during degassing, and- a management and control system acting firstly on the means for dispensing and for stopping the dispensing on the basis of the pressure of liquid in the fuel tank and/or else the flow of liquid dispensed to the fuel tank and/or the amount of gas removed during the preceding degassing, and secondly on the degassing means so as to control degassing of the fuel tank after at least one dispensing of cryogenic liquid.
- Installation according to Claim 8, characterized in that it includes:- a cryogenic liquid feed line (8),- a first valve (10) positioned on the feed line (8),- a first flowmeter (12) positioned on the feed line, downstream of the first valve (10),- a first flexible conduit (4) downstream of the first flowmeter (12) and intended to link the feed line (8) to a fuel tank (2) in order to dispense cryogenic liquid to the latter,- a degassing line (20) connected to the feed line (8) between the first flowmeter (12) and the first valve (10), and- a second valve (22) positioned on the degassing line.
- Installation according to Claim 8, characterized in that it includes:- a cryogenic liquid feed line (8),- a first valve (10) positioned on the feed line (8),- a first flowmeter (12) positioned on the feed line, downstream of the first valve (10),- a second valve (16) positioned on the feed line (8), downstream of the first flowmeter (12),- a first flexible conduit (4) downstream of the second valve (16) and intended to link the feed line (8) to a fuel tank (2) in order to dispense cryogenic liquid to the latter,- a degassing line (20, 26) connected to the feed line (8) between the first flowmeter (12) and the second valve (16),- a third valve (22) positioned on the degassing line, and- a second flexible conduit, termed degassing conduit (6), intended to be linked to the fuel tank (2) in order to enable gas to be removed from the latter, said degassing conduit being linked to the feed line (8) downstream of the second valve (16) by way of a link (26).
- Installation according to either of Claims 9 and 10, characterized in that it includes a second flowmeter (28) positioned on the degassing line for measuring a gas flow rate.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL16793944.6T PL3359867T5 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-10-05 | Method for supplying cryogenic liquid, and facility for implementing said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1559472A FR3041951B1 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2015-10-05 | PROCESS FOR DELIVERY OF CRYOGENIC LIQUID AND INSTALLATION FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
PCT/FR2016/052566 WO2017060627A1 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-10-05 | Method for supplying cryogenic liquid, and facility for implementing said method |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3359867A1 EP3359867A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
EP3359867B1 true EP3359867B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
EP3359867B2 EP3359867B2 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
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EP16793944.6A Active EP3359867B2 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-10-05 | Method for supplying cryogenic liquid, and facility for implementing said method |
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US (1) | US10774992B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3359867B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108431487B (en) |
DK (1) | DK3359867T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2760074T5 (en) |
FI (1) | FI3359867T4 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3041951B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE047878T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3359867T5 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3359867T (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017060627A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11719387B2 (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2023-08-08 | Messer Industries Usa, Inc. | Liquid conditioning for cryogen vessel fill station |
FR3100032B1 (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-09-10 | Axegaz Trading And Tech | Gravimetric distribution station for condensed gas in the liquid state and method of managing such a station |
WO2024134526A1 (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2024-06-27 | Graf Industries S.P.A. | Method for refueling liquefied natural gas vehicles |
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JP2001301900A (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2001-10-31 | Nihonkai Lng Co Ltd | Lorry delivery apparatus of liquefied gas fuel |
JP2008281109A (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Tokiko Techno Kk | Liquefied gas filling device and liquefied gas filling method |
CN101968160A (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-09 | 北京长征天民高科技有限公司 | Gas dispensation automatic control method and liquefied natural gas vehicle gas dispenser |
CN103470956A (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 成都华气厚普机电设备股份有限公司 | LNG (liquefied natural gas) high-flow-rate gas release column |
JP2014047801A (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-17 | Tokiko Techno Kk | Liquid gas supply system |
US20140261867A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Bpc Acquisition Company | Lng dispenser |
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DE29622800U1 (en) * | 1996-08-07 | 1997-07-10 | Siemens AG, 80333 München | Device for recording the liquid gas transfer |
JP3818579B2 (en) * | 2001-10-11 | 2006-09-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Hydrogen storage device |
FR2908859B1 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2009-02-20 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND STATION FOR REFUELING IN HYDROGEN |
FR2942293A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-20 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR FILLING WITH A CRYOGENIC LIQUID OF A RESERVOIR |
FR2997165B1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-05-15 | Air Liquide | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR FILLING A RESERVOIR WITH A CRYOGENIC LIQUID |
FR3006742B1 (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2016-08-05 | Air Liquide | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FILLING A TANK |
CN104864261B (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2017-01-11 | 东京计装(上海)仪表有限公司 | LNG filling measurement method with functions of self-pre-cooling and low temperature maintaining, and apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-10-05 FR FR1559472A patent/FR3041951B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-05 PL PL16793944.6T patent/PL3359867T5/en unknown
- 2016-10-05 DK DK16793944.6T patent/DK3359867T3/en active
- 2016-10-05 HU HUE16793944A patent/HUE047878T2/en unknown
- 2016-10-05 ES ES16793944T patent/ES2760074T5/en active Active
- 2016-10-05 WO PCT/FR2016/052566 patent/WO2017060627A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-05 CN CN201680058170.2A patent/CN108431487B/en active Active
- 2016-10-05 US US15/765,578 patent/US10774992B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-05 FI FIEP16793944.6T patent/FI3359867T4/en active
- 2016-10-05 PT PT167939446T patent/PT3359867T/en unknown
- 2016-10-05 EP EP16793944.6A patent/EP3359867B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
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JPS63199998A (en) | 1987-02-12 | 1988-08-18 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Filling device for cryogenic liquefied gas conveying vessel |
US5549142A (en) | 1994-05-27 | 1996-08-27 | Jeffrey P. Beale | Dispensing system for refueling transport containers with cryogenic liquids |
JP2001301900A (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2001-10-31 | Nihonkai Lng Co Ltd | Lorry delivery apparatus of liquefied gas fuel |
JP2008281109A (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Tokiko Techno Kk | Liquefied gas filling device and liquefied gas filling method |
CN101968160A (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-09 | 北京长征天民高科技有限公司 | Gas dispensation automatic control method and liquefied natural gas vehicle gas dispenser |
JP2014047801A (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-17 | Tokiko Techno Kk | Liquid gas supply system |
US20140261867A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Bpc Acquisition Company | Lng dispenser |
CN103470956A (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 成都华气厚普机电设备股份有限公司 | LNG (liquefied natural gas) high-flow-rate gas release column |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL3359867T5 (en) | 2023-03-13 |
DK3359867T3 (en) | 2019-12-16 |
WO2017060627A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
PT3359867T (en) | 2019-12-05 |
ES2760074T5 (en) | 2023-02-17 |
FR3041951A1 (en) | 2017-04-07 |
CN108431487B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
HUE047878T2 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
CN108431487A (en) | 2018-08-21 |
EP3359867A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
ES2760074T3 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
FI3359867T4 (en) | 2023-01-13 |
EP3359867B2 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
US10774992B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 |
FR3041951B1 (en) | 2020-09-04 |
PL3359867T3 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
US20180299072A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
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