EP3356133A1 - Planar body component for motor vehicles composed of fiber composite material - Google Patents

Planar body component for motor vehicles composed of fiber composite material

Info

Publication number
EP3356133A1
EP3356133A1 EP16753346.2A EP16753346A EP3356133A1 EP 3356133 A1 EP3356133 A1 EP 3356133A1 EP 16753346 A EP16753346 A EP 16753346A EP 3356133 A1 EP3356133 A1 EP 3356133A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber layer
main laminate
additional fiber
body surface
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16753346.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst-Arno Fuchs
Cornelius Johan Kalle KEIL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP3356133A1 publication Critical patent/EP3356133A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

  • Body surface component for motor vehicles made of fiber composite material
  • the invention relates to a body panel component for motor vehicles designed as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate of fiber-reinforced plastic and attached to the main laminate and decoupled from the main laminate at a force acting on the body surface component additional fiber layer, which is formed from a fiber textile.
  • a body surface component for motor vehicles which is designed as a fiber composite laminate with a cured main laminate made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular epoxy plastic, and bonded to the main laminate and decoupled from the main laminate upon application of force to the body surface component additional fiber layer, which consists of a non-ductile, dry fiber tissue is formed.
  • additional fiber layer which consists of a non-ductile, dry fiber tissue is formed.
  • a ckenes fiber fabric is in particular a not impregnated with resin or plastic ktes, cured fiber fabric defined.
  • a first solution variant according to the invention is a shear-soft connection of the additional fiber layer to the main laminate. Due to the gradual distribution of forces from the surrounding main laminate into the additional fiber layer, a longer fiber section is loaded, which increases the deformability of the body surface component.
  • the additional fiber layer can be used both on one side and on both sides. For body applications, it is advantageous to avoid splinters or crack edges in the interior, the additional fiber layer on the side facing away from a possible impact, i. facing the vehicle interior, to be arranged on the main laminate, so that the power flow to the additional fiber layer is conductive.
  • the non-ductile, dry fiber textile of the additional fiber layer does not form any elastic completeness known from the prior art as the main laminate downstream ductile layer, but allows slippage individual fibers of the fabric to the impact point by using soft adhesive with low shear modulus or low shear strength.
  • the tissue structure changes as a result of individual fibers pulled in the direction of impact.
  • the additional fiber layer forms a fiber compaction over the intrusion site, an orientation of the fibers in the direction of tension or intrusion and thus a net action, wherein the force introduced by an impact is not absorbed by elastic properties but is transferred back to the main laminate in the surrounding area ( actio equals reaction).
  • a film adhesive based on UP or PU is advantageously used as an adhesive for the push-soft connection of the additional fiber layer to the main laminate.
  • the adhesive based on UP or PU has a thickness of 40-60% of the layer thickness of the additional fiber layer.
  • the thickness of the adhesive contributes to the relative mobility of the additional fiber layer over the main laminate.
  • the additional fiber layer is adhesively bonded in places to the main laminate by means of a high-viscosity epoxy adhesive, with adhesive sealing surfaces being provided between splices, so that the additional fiber layer is only partially attached to the main laminate. Adhesive surfaces can be achieved, for example, by lapping the applied adhesive to a checkered pattern.
  • the partial connection allows the failure of the splices directly at the breaking point of the main laminate in a strike.
  • a longer fiber section of the additional fiber layer can act, whereby a higher absolute deformability is achieved.
  • the partial and post-cure brittle splices break and allow relative movement of individual fibers or fiber bundles of the supplemental fiber layer relative to the main laminate.
  • Fibers of the additional fiber layer are drawn through the intrusion to the intrusion site along the main laminate and in the direction of the intrusion.
  • the epoxy adhesive preferably has a thickness of 80-120% of the layer thickness of the additional fiber layer.
  • the fiber material is preferably used for the fiber material.
  • other fibers such as aramid fibers, basalt fibers or glass fibers can be used.
  • the additional fiber layer has a thickness of 15-35% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
  • the body surface component for motor vehicles is formed as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, in particular epoxidschulstoff, and a laminated to the main laminate with a force on the body surface component of the Manniaminat in sections decoupled additional fiber layer, which consists of a fiber fabric made of thermoplastic material.
  • the lamination can be carried out, for example, in the RTM Procedure done.
  • the additional fiber layer is formed from a fiber textile of thermoplastic, preferably polypropylene, which is chemically incompatible with the thermoset matrix of the main laminate and thus adheres very poorly.
  • the matrix can not hold the fibers of the additional fibrous layer against the main laminate so that they move relative to the main laminate toward the point of impact and in the direction of the intrusion. Virtually only frictional forces act on the power flow towards the point of impact.
  • the additional fiber layer of thermoplastic has a thickness of 4 - 10% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
  • the additional fiber layer is coated with a friction-reducing agent, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a push-soft connection of
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a partial connection of the additional fiber layer with behavior in the case of an intrusion
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a connection with laminated
  • FIG. 1 shows a body panel component as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate 1 made of, for example, carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy plastic with a thickness of 2 mm and an additional fiber layer 2 glued to the main laminate 1, which consists of a non-ductile, dry fiber fabric, for example a 12k carbon fiber
  • Body tissue is formed with a thickness of 1mm.
  • the additional fiber layer 2 is adhered to the main laminate 1 by means of a PU-based film adhesive 3 and has a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • Point a) the case of the impact with punctually broken main laminate 1 is shown.
  • Point b) shows the subsequent movement of individual fibers of the additional fiber layer 2 in the direction of arrow P within the fabric of the additional fiber layer 2 with respect to the main laminate 1.
  • individual fibers of the additional fiber layer pull in the direction of the break point parallel to the main laminate and on the break point in the direction of the intrusion essentially perpendicular to the main laminate 1.
  • the relative movement is realized by the shear-soft connection by means of PU adhesive.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same case as Figure 1, but the additional fiber layer 22 is only partially, ie glued at certain points on the main laminate 1.
  • an epoxy adhesive 33 is used, which breaks up in the case of the impact on the heavily loaded splices and allows relative movement in the direction of arrow P individual fibers from the fiber fabric of the additional fiber layer 22.
  • the main laminate 1 is identical to that of Figure 1, the additional fiber layer is for example a 12k aramid linen fabric with a thickness of 1 mm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a connection with additional fiber layer 222 laminated to the main laminate 1. The lamination can take place, for example, in the RTM production process of the main laminate 1.
  • the additional fiber layer 222 is formed for example from a stretched 6k fiber fabric made of polypropylene and laminated on the same matrix 333 as the main laminate 1 with. Since a thermoset matrix 333 is used, it comes to a low adhesion effect, so that in the case of intrusion according to point b) fibers of the additional fiber layer 222 perform a relative movement in the direction of intrusion relative to the main laminate 1. The movement in the direction of arrow P is not intended to mean that the entire additional fiber layer 222, but affected fibers move.
  • the invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use. For example, fabrics with mixed fiber types can also be used for the additional fiber layer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a planar body component for motor vehicles designed as a fiber composite laminate having a cured main laminate of fiber-reinforced plastic and having an additional fiber layer, which is glued to the main laminate and can be decoupled from the main laminate in some sections when force is applied to the planar body component and is formed of a non-ductile, dry fiber textile.

Description

Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge aus Faserverbundwerkstoff  Body surface component for motor vehicles made of fiber composite material
Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge ausgebildet als Faserverbundlaminat mit einem Hauptlaminat aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff und einer an dem Hauptlaminat befestigten und bei einer Kraftein Wirkung auf das Karosserieflächenbauteil von dem Hauptlaminat entkoppelbaren Zusatzfaserlage, die aus einem Fasertextil gebildet ist. The invention relates to a body panel component for motor vehicles designed as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate of fiber-reinforced plastic and attached to the main laminate and decoupled from the main laminate at a force acting on the body surface component additional fiber layer, which is formed from a fiber textile.
Bei zum Stand der Technik zählenden Faserverbundlaminaten für Karosseriebauteile kann es bei einer hohen Krafteinwirkung, zum Beispiel im Falle eines Unfalls, zur Rissbildung kommen. Diese Rissbildung hat eine Delamination der unterschiedlichen Laminatschichten zur Folge, wodurch Splitter entstehen, wel- che eine Gefahr für Insassen darstellen. Der verbaute Werkstoff, üblicherweise Kohlenstoffasern, ist nicht duktil genug, um die Struktur zu wahren und eine Rissbildung zu verhindern, wohingegen aufgrund der textilen Struktur der Rissfortschritt unter deutlich höherem Widerstand stattfindet als bei vergleichbaren Karosserie-Stahlblechen. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Lösungen bekannt, bei denen einzelne Lagen aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff als Schutzschicht oder als Splitterschutz eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise bei Triebwerken oder im Motorsport. Auch ist bekannt, elastische Zusatzlagen auf das Hauptlaminat aufzubringen, die sich im Falle eines Anpralls ausdehnen und Splitter auffangen sollen, jedoch nicht zur Strukturintegrität des Bauteils beitragen. In the case of prior art fiber composite laminates for bodywork components, cracking may occur in the event of a high force, for example in the event of an accident. This cracking results in delamination of the various laminate layers, resulting in splinters that pose a risk to occupants. The built-in material, usually Carbon fibers are not ductile enough to preserve the structure and prevent cracking, whereas due to the textile structure crack propagation takes place under significantly higher resistance than comparable body sheet steel. From the prior art solutions are known in which individual layers of fiber-reinforced plastic are used as a protective layer or as splinter protection, for example in engines or in motorsport. It is also known to apply elastic additional layers on the main laminate, which should expand in the event of an impact and capture splinters, but do not contribute to the structural integrity of the component.
Als druckschriftlicher Stand der Technik liegen die Dokumente DE 3934555 C2, DE 4002062 A, DE 102004042282 B4, DE 102011107512 A und As prior art document DE 3934555 C2, DE 4002062 A, DE 102004042282 B4, DE 102011107512 A and
DE 102008036175 A im relevanten technischen Gebiet. DE 102008036175 A in the relevant technical field.
Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Werkstoffsystem auf Basis von Faserverbundwerkstoffen für den Einsatz an intrusions- und impakt- gefährdeten Karosserieflächenbauteilen bereit zu stellen. Dabei sollen folgende die Laminateigenschaften bezüglich der Strukturintegrität und des Splitterverhaltens und der Dichtigkeit verbessert werden. Zusätzlich soll ein Gewichtsvorteil gegenüber einer vergleichbaren Stahl- bzw. Aluminiumstruktur gewährleistet sein. Against this background, it is an object of the invention to provide a material system based on fiber composites for use on intrusion- and impact-vulnerable body surface components. The following should improve the laminate properties in terms of structural integrity and splinter behavior and tightness. In addition, a weight advantage over a comparable steel or aluminum structure should be ensured.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmalskombinationen gemäß der Patentansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst. These objects are achieved by the combination of features according to claims 1 and 7.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge vorgeschlagen, das ausgebildet ist als Faserverbundlaminat mit einem ausgehärteten Hauptlaminat aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff, insbesondere Epoxidkunststoff, und einer an dem Hauptlaminat geklebten und bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Karosserieflächenbauteil von dem Hauptlaminat entkoppelbaren Zusatzfaserlage, die aus einem nicht-duktilen, trockenen Fasergewebe gebildet ist. Als tro- ckenes Fasergewebe ist insbesondere ein nicht mit Harz oder Kunststoff durchträn ktes, ausgehärtetes Fasergewebe definiert. According to the invention, a body surface component for motor vehicles is proposed which is designed as a fiber composite laminate with a cured main laminate made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular epoxy plastic, and bonded to the main laminate and decoupled from the main laminate upon application of force to the body surface component additional fiber layer, which consists of a non-ductile, dry fiber tissue is formed. As a ckenes fiber fabric is in particular a not impregnated with resin or plastic ktes, cured fiber fabric defined.
Bei einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Lösungsvariante handelt es sich um eine schubweiche Anbindung der Zusatzfaserlage an das Hauptlaminat. Durch den graduellen Kräfteverlauf vom umliegenden Hauptlaminat in die Zusatzfaserlage wird ein längerer Faserabschnitt belastet, wodurch sich die Verformungsfähigkeit des Karosserieflächenbauteils erhöht. Die Zusatzfaserlage kann hierbei sowohl einseitig als auch beidseitig verwendet werden. Für Karosserieanwendungen ist es zur Vermeidung von Splittern bzw. Risskanten im Innenraum vor- teilhaft, die Zusatzfaserlage auf der einem möglichen Anprall abgewandten Seite, d.h. zum Fahrzeuginnenraum weisend, auf dem Hauptlaminat anzuordnen, so dass der Kraftfluss auf die Zusatzfaserlage leitbar ist. A first solution variant according to the invention is a shear-soft connection of the additional fiber layer to the main laminate. Due to the gradual distribution of forces from the surrounding main laminate into the additional fiber layer, a longer fiber section is loaded, which increases the deformability of the body surface component. The additional fiber layer can be used both on one side and on both sides. For body applications, it is advantageous to avoid splinters or crack edges in the interior, the additional fiber layer on the side facing away from a possible impact, i. facing the vehicle interior, to be arranged on the main laminate, so that the power flow to the additional fiber layer is conductive.
Das nicht-duktile, trockene Fasertextil der Zusatzfaserlage bildet keine aus dem Stand der Technik teilweise bekannte elastische Nachgiebigkeit als dem Haupt- laminat nachgeschaltete duktile Lage, sondern ermöglicht ein Nachgleiten einzelnen Fasern des Gewebes an die Aufprallstelle durch die Verwendung weichen Klebstoffs mit geringem Schubmodul bzw. geringer Schubfestigkeit. Hierbei verändert sich die Gewebestruktur durch in Einschlagsrichtung gezogene Einzelfasern. Die Zusatzfaserlage bildet eine Faserverdichtung über der Intrusi- onsstelle, eine Ausrichtung der Fasern in Zug- bzw. Intrusionsrichtung und mithin eine Netzwirkung, wobei die durch einen Aufprall eingeleitete Kraft nicht durch elastische Eigenschaften aufgenommen, sondern im umliegenden Bereich zurück an das Hauptlaminat übertragen wird (actio gleich reactio). The non-ductile, dry fiber textile of the additional fiber layer does not form any elastic completeness known from the prior art as the main laminate downstream ductile layer, but allows slippage individual fibers of the fabric to the impact point by using soft adhesive with low shear modulus or low shear strength. In this case, the tissue structure changes as a result of individual fibers pulled in the direction of impact. The additional fiber layer forms a fiber compaction over the intrusion site, an orientation of the fibers in the direction of tension or intrusion and thus a net action, wherein the force introduced by an impact is not absorbed by elastic properties but is transferred back to the main laminate in the surrounding area ( actio equals reaction).
Als Klebstoff zur schubweichen Anbindung der Zusatzfaserlage auf das Haupt- laminat wird vorteilhafterweise ein Filmklebstoff auf UP- oder PU-Basis verwendet. Ferner ist eine Ausführung vorteilhaft, bei der der Klebstoff auf UP- oder PU-Basis eine Dicke von 40-60% der Lagendicke der Zusatzfaserlage aufweist. Die Dicke des Klebstoffs trägt zur relativen Bewegbarkeit der Zusatzfaserlage gegenüber dem Hauptlaminat bei. !n einer alternativen Ausführungsvariante ist die Zusatzfaserlage mittels eines hochviskosen Epoxidklebstoffs stellenweise auf das Hauptlaminat aufgeklebt, wobei zwischen Klebestellen Klebefreiflächen vorgesehen sind, so dass die Zusatzfaseriage nur partiell an dem Hauptiaminat befestigt ist. Klebefreiflächen können beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass der aufgetragene Klebstoff zu einem Karomuster geräkelt wird. Die partielle Anbindung erlaubt das Versagen der Klebestellen direkt an der Bruchstelle des Hauptlaminats bei einem Einschlag. Durch den Kraftfluss über entfernte Anbindungen kann ein längerer Faserabschnitt der Zusatzfaserlage wirken, wodurch eine höhere absolute Verformungsfähigkeit erreicht wird. Im Fall eines Aufpralls und Versagens des Hauptlaminats brechen die partiellen und nach der Aushärtung spröden Klebestellen und lassen eine Relativbewegung von einzelnen Fasern oder Faserbündeln der Zusatzfaserlage gegenüber dem Hauptlaminat zu. Fasern der Zusatzfaserlage werden durch die Intrusion zur Intrusionsstelle entlang dem Hauptla- minat und in Intrusionsrichtung gezogen. Der Epoxidklebstoff weist dabei vorzugsweise eine Dicke von 80-120% der Lagendicke der Zusatzfaserlage auf. As an adhesive for the push-soft connection of the additional fiber layer to the main laminate, a film adhesive based on UP or PU is advantageously used. Furthermore, an embodiment is advantageous in which the adhesive based on UP or PU has a thickness of 40-60% of the layer thickness of the additional fiber layer. The thickness of the adhesive contributes to the relative mobility of the additional fiber layer over the main laminate. In an alternative embodiment variant, the additional fiber layer is adhesively bonded in places to the main laminate by means of a high-viscosity epoxy adhesive, with adhesive sealing surfaces being provided between splices, so that the additional fiber layer is only partially attached to the main laminate. Adhesive surfaces can be achieved, for example, by lapping the applied adhesive to a checkered pattern. The partial connection allows the failure of the splices directly at the breaking point of the main laminate in a strike. By virtue of the power flow via remote connections, a longer fiber section of the additional fiber layer can act, whereby a higher absolute deformability is achieved. In the case of impact and failure of the main laminate, the partial and post-cure brittle splices break and allow relative movement of individual fibers or fiber bundles of the supplemental fiber layer relative to the main laminate. Fibers of the additional fiber layer are drawn through the intrusion to the intrusion site along the main laminate and in the direction of the intrusion. The epoxy adhesive preferably has a thickness of 80-120% of the layer thickness of the additional fiber layer.
Für das Karosseriefiächenbauteil werden für das Fasermaterial vorzugsweise Kohlenstofffasern verwendet. Alternativ oder ergänzend sind auch andere Fasern wie beispielsweise Aramidfasern, Basaltfasern oder Glasfasern einsetzbar. In vorteilhaften und gut funktionierenden Ausführungsformen weist die Zusatzfaserlage eine Dicke von 15 - 35% der Gesamtdicke des Karosserieflächenbauteils auf. For the Karosseriefiächenbauteil carbon fibers are preferably used for the fiber material. Alternatively or additionally, other fibers such as aramid fibers, basalt fibers or glass fibers can be used. In advantageous and well-functioning embodiments, the additional fiber layer has a thickness of 15-35% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
In einer weiteren alternativen Ausführungsvariante ist das Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge ausgebildet als Faserverbundlaminat mit einem Hauptlaminat aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff, insbesondere Epo- xidkunststoff, und einer an das Hauptlaminat mit einlaminierten und bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Karosserieflächenbauteil von dem Hauptiaminat abschnittsweise entkoppelbaren Zusatzfaserlage, die aus einem Fasergewebe aus Thermoplast gebildet ist. Die Einlaminierung kann beispielsweise im RTM- Verfahren erfolgen. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Zusatzfaserlage aus einem Faser- textil aus Thermoplast, vorzugsweise Polypropylen gebildet, der zu der duroplastischen Matrix des Hauptlaminats chemisch inkompatibel ist und somit sehr schlecht anhaftet. Im Falle eines Anpralls kann die Matrix die Fasern der Zusatzfaserlage nicht am Hauptlaminat halten, so dass sie eine Reiativbewegung gegenüber dem Hauptlaminat hin zu Aufprallstelle und in Intrusionsrichtung vollziehen. Es wirken dabei praktisch nur Reibungskräfte beim Kraftfluss hin zu Aufprallstelle. In a further alternative embodiment, the body surface component for motor vehicles is formed as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, in particular epoxidkunststoff, and a laminated to the main laminate with a force on the body surface component of the Hauptiaminat in sections decoupled additional fiber layer, which consists of a fiber fabric made of thermoplastic material. The lamination can be carried out, for example, in the RTM Procedure done. According to the invention, the additional fiber layer is formed from a fiber textile of thermoplastic, preferably polypropylene, which is chemically incompatible with the thermoset matrix of the main laminate and thus adheres very poorly. In the event of an impact, the matrix can not hold the fibers of the additional fibrous layer against the main laminate so that they move relative to the main laminate toward the point of impact and in the direction of the intrusion. Virtually only frictional forces act on the power flow towards the point of impact.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Zusatzfaserlage aus Thermoplast eine Dicke von 4 - 10% der Gesamtdicke des Karosserieflächenbauteils aufweist. According to the invention it is provided that the additional fiber layer of thermoplastic has a thickness of 4 - 10% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
Zur Erleichterung der Relativbewegung und Reduzierung der Reibungskräfte ist in einem Ausführungsbeispiel die Zusatzfaserlage mit einem reibungsreduzie- renden Mittel, insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) beschichtet. In order to facilitate the relative movement and reduce the frictional forces, in one exemplary embodiment the additional fiber layer is coated with a friction-reducing agent, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet bzw. werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher dargestellt. Es zeigen: Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer schubweichen Anbindung der Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a push-soft connection of
Zusatzfaserlage mit Verhalten im Falles einer Intrusion;  Additional fiber layer with behavior in case of intrusion;
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer partiellen Anbindung der Zusatzfaserlage mit Verhalten im Falles einer Intrusion; FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a partial connection of the additional fiber layer with behavior in the case of an intrusion; FIG.
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anbindung mit einlaminierter Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a connection with laminated
Zusatzfaserlage mit Verhalten im Falles einer Intrusion.  Additional fiber layer with behavior in case of intrusion.
Die Figuren sind beispielhaft schematisch und dienen dem besseren Verständnis der Erfindung. Gleiche Bezugszeichen benennen gleiche Teile in allen Ansichten. In Figur 1 ist ein Karosserieflächenbauteil als Faserverbundlaminat mit einem im RTM-Verfahren hergestellten Hauptlaminat 1 aus beispielsweise kohlefaserverstärktem Epoxidkunststoff mit einer Dicke von 2mm und einer an dem Hauptlaminat 1 geklebten Zusatzfaserlage 2, die aus einem nicht-duktilen, tro- ckenen Fasergewebe, beispielsweise einem 12k-Kohlenstoffaser-The figures are exemplary schematic and serve to better understand the invention. Like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the views. FIG. 1 shows a body panel component as a fiber composite laminate with a main laminate 1 made of, for example, carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy plastic with a thickness of 2 mm and an additional fiber layer 2 glued to the main laminate 1, which consists of a non-ductile, dry fiber fabric, for example a 12k carbon fiber
Körpergewebe mit einer Dicke von 1mm gebildet ist. Die Zusatzfaserlage 2 ist mittels eines Filmklebstoffs 3 auf PU-Basis auf das Hauptlaminat 1 aufgeklebt und weist eine Dicke von 0,5mm auf. Unter Punkt a) ist der Fall des Anpralls mit punktuell gebrochenem Hauptlaminat 1 dargestellt. Punkt b) zeigt die sich an- schließende Bewegung einzelner Fasern der Zusatzfaserlage 2 in Pfeilrichtung P innerhalb des Gewebes der Zusatzfaserlage 2 gegenüber dem Hauptlaminat 1. Nach dem Bruch des Hauptlaminats 1 ziehen sich einzelne Fasern der Zusatzfaserlage in Richtung der Bruchstelle parallel zum Hauptlaminat und an der Bruchstelle in Intrusionsrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum Hauptlaminat 1. Die Relativbewegung ist durch die schubweiche Anbindung mittels PU-Kleber realisiert. Body tissue is formed with a thickness of 1mm. The additional fiber layer 2 is adhered to the main laminate 1 by means of a PU-based film adhesive 3 and has a thickness of 0.5 mm. Under point a) the case of the impact with punctually broken main laminate 1 is shown. Point b) shows the subsequent movement of individual fibers of the additional fiber layer 2 in the direction of arrow P within the fabric of the additional fiber layer 2 with respect to the main laminate 1. After breaking of the main laminate 1, individual fibers of the additional fiber layer pull in the direction of the break point parallel to the main laminate and on the break point in the direction of the intrusion essentially perpendicular to the main laminate 1. The relative movement is realized by the shear-soft connection by means of PU adhesive.
Figur 2 mit den Unterpunkten a) und b) zeigt denselben Fall wie Figur 1 , jedoch ist die Zusatzfaserlage 22 nur partiell, d.h. an bestimmten Stellen an dem Hauptlaminat 1 geklebt. Als Kleber kommt ein Epoxidkleber 33 zum Einsatz, der im Fall des Anpralls an den stark belasteten Klebestellen aufbricht und eine Relativbewegung in Pfeilrichtung P einzelner Fasern aus dem Fasergewebe der Zusatzfaserlage 22 ermöglicht. Das Hauptlaminat 1 ist identisch zu dem aus Figur 1 , die Zusatzfaserlage ist beispielsweise ein 12k-Aramid- Leinwandgewebe mit einer Dicke von 1 mm. In Figur 3 ist eine schematische Darstellung einer Anbindung mit an das Hauptlaminat 1 mit einlaminierter Zusatzfaserlage 222. Die Einlaminierung kann beispielsweise im RTM-Herstellungsprozess des Hauptlaminats 1 erfolgen. Die Zusatzfaserlage 222 ist beispielsweise aus einem gestreckten 6k-Fasergewebe aus Polypropylen gebildet und über dieselbe Matrix 333 wie das Hauptlaminat 1 mit einlaminiert. Da eine duroplastische Matrix 333 eingesetzt wird, kommt es zu einer geringen Anhaftwirkung, so dass im Falle der Intrusion gemäß Punkt b) Fasern der Zusatzfaserlage 222 eine Relativbewegung in Intrusionsrichtung gegenüber dem Hauptlaminat 1 ausführen. Die Bewegung in Pfeilrichtung P soll nicht bedeuten, dass sich die gesamte Zusatzfaserlage 222, sondern betroffene Fasern bewegen. Figure 2 with the sub-points a) and b) shows the same case as Figure 1, but the additional fiber layer 22 is only partially, ie glued at certain points on the main laminate 1. As adhesive, an epoxy adhesive 33 is used, which breaks up in the case of the impact on the heavily loaded splices and allows relative movement in the direction of arrow P individual fibers from the fiber fabric of the additional fiber layer 22. The main laminate 1 is identical to that of Figure 1, the additional fiber layer is for example a 12k aramid linen fabric with a thickness of 1 mm. FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a connection with additional fiber layer 222 laminated to the main laminate 1. The lamination can take place, for example, in the RTM production process of the main laminate 1. The additional fiber layer 222 is formed for example from a stretched 6k fiber fabric made of polypropylene and laminated on the same matrix 333 as the main laminate 1 with. Since a thermoset matrix 333 is used, it comes to a low adhesion effect, so that in the case of intrusion according to point b) fibers of the additional fiber layer 222 perform a relative movement in the direction of intrusion relative to the main laminate 1. The movement in the direction of arrow P is not intended to mean that the entire additional fiber layer 222, but affected fibers move.
Die Erfindung beschränkt sich in ihrer Ausführung nicht auf die vorstehend angegebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele. Vielmehr ist eine Anzahl von Varianten denkbar, welche von der dargestellten Lösung auch bei grundsätzlich anders gearteten Ausführungen Gebrauch macht. Beispielsweise können für die Zusatzfaserlage auch Gewebe mit gemischten Faserarten verwendet werden. The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use. For example, fabrics with mixed fiber types can also be used for the additional fiber layer.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge ausgebildet als Faserverbundlaminat mit einem ausgehärteten Hauptlaminat aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff und einer an dem Hauptlaminat geklebten und bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Karosserieflächenbauteil von dem Hauptlaminat zumindest abschnittsweise entkoppelbaren Zusatzfaserlage, die aus einem nicht-duktilen, trockenen Fasertextil gebildet ist. Bodywork component for motor vehicles designed as a fiber composite laminate with a cured main laminate of fiber reinforced plastic and glued to the main laminate and at least a portion of the main laminate at a force acting on the body surface component of the main laminate decoupled additional fiber layer, which is formed from a non-ductile, dry fiber textile.
Karosserieflächenbauteil nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage mittels einem Filmklebstoff auf Epoxid-, UP- oder PU-Basis auf das Hauptlaminat aufgeklebt ist. Bodywork component according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fiber layer is adhered by means of a film adhesive based on epoxy, UP or PU on the main laminate.
Karosserieflächenbauteil nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage mittels einem Epoxidklebstoff stellenweise auf das Hauptlaminat aufgeklebt ist, wobei zwischen Klebestellen Klebefreiflächen vorgesehen sind, so dass die Zusatzfaserlage partiell an dem Hauptlaminat befestigt ist. Bodywork component according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional fiber layer is adhesively bonded by means of an epoxy adhesive in places on the main laminate, wherein adhesive splicing surfaces are provided between splices, so that the additional fiber layer is partially attached to the main laminate.
Karosserieflächenbauteil nach einem der vorigen Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filmklebstoff auf Epoxid-, UP- oder PU-Basis eine Dicke von 40-60% einer Lagendicke der Zusatzfaserlage oder der Epoxidklebstoff eine Dicke von 80-120% einer Lagendicke der Zusatzfaserlage aufweist. Body panel component according to one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the film adhesive on epoxy, UP or PU-based a thickness of 40-60% of a layer thickness of the additional fiber layer or the epoxy adhesive has a thickness of 80-120% of a layer thickness of Has additional fiber layer.
Karosserieflächenbauteil nach zumindest einem der vorigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fasertextil aus Kohlenstofffasern, Aramidfasern oder Glasfasern gebildet ist. Bodywork component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber textile is formed from carbon fibers, aramid fibers or glass fibers.
Karosserieflächenbauteil nach zumindest einem der vorigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage eine Dicke von 15 - 35% der Gesamtdicke des Karosserieflächenbauteils aufweist. Bodywork component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional fiber layer has a thickness of 15-35% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
Karosserieflächenbauteil für Kraftfahrzeuge ausgebildet als Faserver- bundlaminat mit einem Hauptlaminat aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Epoxidkunststoff und einer an das Hauptlaminat mit einer duroplastischen Matrix mit einlaminierten und bei einer Krafteinwirkung auf das Karosserieflächenbauteil von dem Hauptlaminat abschnittsweise entkoppelbaren Zusatzfaserlage, die aus einem Fasertextil aus Thermoplast gebildet ist. Body surface component for motor vehicles designed as fiber bundlaminat with a main laminate of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy plastic and a to the main laminate with a thermoset matrix with laminated and with a force on the body surface component of the main laminate sections decoupled additional fiber layer, which is formed from a fiber fabric made of thermoplastic.
8. Karosserieflächenbauteil nach dem vorigen Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage aus einem Fasertextil aus Polypropylen gebildet ist. 8. Body surface component according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the additional fiber layer is formed from a fiber textile of polypropylene.
9. Karosserieflächenbauteil nach zumindest einem der vorigen Ansprüche 7 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage eine Dicke von 4 - 10% der Gesamtdicke des Karosserieflächenbauteils aufweist. 9. Body surface component according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the additional fiber layer has a thickness of 4 - 10% of the total thickness of the body surface component.
10. Karosserieflächenbauteil nach zumindest einem der vorigen Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusatzfaserlage mit einem rei- bungsreduzierenden Mittel, insbesondere Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) beschichtet ist. 10. Body surface component according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the additional fiber layer with a friction reducing agent, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is coated.
EP16753346.2A 2015-10-02 2016-08-16 Planar body component for motor vehicles composed of fiber composite material Pending EP3356133A1 (en)

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JP4209478B2 (en) * 1996-12-26 2009-01-14 東洋紡績株式会社 Bulletproof fabric and method for producing the same
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