EP3355499B1 - Vorrichtung, verfahren und programm - Google Patents

Vorrichtung, verfahren und programm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3355499B1
EP3355499B1 EP16848373.3A EP16848373A EP3355499B1 EP 3355499 B1 EP3355499 B1 EP 3355499B1 EP 16848373 A EP16848373 A EP 16848373A EP 3355499 B1 EP3355499 B1 EP 3355499B1
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Prior art keywords
sqrt
bit string
constellation
transmission signal
transmission
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French (fr)
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EP3355499A1 (de
EP3355499A4 (de
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Ryota Kimura
Hiroki Matsuda
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Sony Group Corp
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Sony Group Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/362—Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated
    • H04L27/364—Arrangements for overcoming imperfections in the modulator, e.g. quadrature error or unbalanced I and Q levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/25—Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H04L27/3444—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0026—Division using four or more dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/2628—Inverse Fourier transform modulators, e.g. inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/265—Fourier transform demodulators, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a device, a method, and a program.
  • Non-orthogonal multiple access has been attracting attention as a radio access technology (RAT) for a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system following Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A).
  • RAT radio access technology
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency-division multiple access
  • radio resources are allocated to users without overlap. These schemes are called orthogonal multiple access.
  • radio resources are allocated to users with overlap.
  • Non-orthogonal multiple access In non-orthogonal multiple access, signals of users interfere with each other, but a signal for each user is taken out by a high-accuracy decoding process at the reception side.
  • Non-orthogonal multiple access in theory, achieves higher cell communication capability than orthogonal multiple access.
  • SPC superposition coding
  • Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 disclose, as SPC or a technology equivalent to SPC, techniques for setting an amplitude (or power) that allows appropriate demodulation/decoding.
  • Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique for enhancing successive interference cancellation (SIC) for reception of multiplexed signals.
  • SIC successive interference cancellation
  • ZTE "Potential transmission schemes for MUST", 3GPP draft R1-152974, vol. RAN WG1, no. Fukuoka, Japan; 16 May 2015, XP050972075, retrieved from URL: http:// www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_81/Docs/ achieves a Gray mapping in the resulting superposition constellation by flipping the modulated symbols of the low power UE horizontally and/or vertically depending on the modulated symbols of the high power UE.
  • the present disclosure proposes a device, a method, and a program which are novel and improved and capable of further improving decoding accuracy in a case in which multiplexing/multiple-access using non-orthogonal resources is performed.
  • a plurality of signals are multiplexed by setting a difference in power level on non-orthogonal resources (for example, resource blocks in which at least some frequency resources or time resources overlap).
  • non-orthogonal resources for example, resource blocks in which at least some frequency resources or time resources overlap.
  • a path gain or expected reception quality that is, SINR may be used instead of the path loss.
  • the transmission device allocates high power to a signal destined for a device with a large path loss and allocates low power to a signal destined for a device with a low path loss.
  • the path loss increases as a distance between the transmission device and the reception device increases and is small in a case in which the reception device is included within a main lobe of antenna directivity and large in a case in which the reception device is outside the main lobe of the antenna directivity.
  • the signal to which the high power is allocated causes interference to the reception device of the destination of the signal to which lower power is allocated. Therefore, in the reception device, it is necessary to cancel an interference signal using a technique such as SIC.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams for explaining an example of a process in a transmission device that supports SPC.
  • respective bit streams e.g., transport blocks
  • bit streams e.g., transport blocks
  • FEC forward error correction
  • rate matching e.g., rate matching
  • scrambling/interleaving e.g., rate matching, and scrambling/interleaving
  • layer mapping For example, layer mapping, power allocation, precoding, SPC multiplexing, resource element mapping, inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)/inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), cyclic prefix (CP) insertion, digital-to-analog and radio frequency (RF) conversion, and the like are performed.
  • IDFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • CP cyclic prefix
  • RF radio frequency
  • power allocation power is allocated to respective signals of the user A, the user B, and the user C, and in SPC multiplexing, the signals of the user A, the user B, and the user C are multiplexed.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a process in a reception device that performs interference cancellation.
  • RF and analog-to-digital conversion, CP removal, discrete Fourier transform (DFT)/fast Fourier transform (FFT), joint interference cancellation, equalization, decoding, and the like are performed.
  • this provides respective bit streams (e.g., transport blocks) of the user A, the user B, and the user C.
  • bit streams e.g., transport blocks
  • HetNet heterogeneous network
  • SCE small cell enhancement
  • An index of a cell to be in connection with a target user u is denoted by i, and the number of transmission antennas of a base station corresponding to the cell is denoted by N TX,i .
  • Each of the transmission antennas may also be called a transmission antenna port.
  • a transmission signal from the cell i to the user u can be expressed in a vector form as below.
  • N ss,u denotes the number of spatial transmission streams for the user u.
  • N ss , u is a positive integer equal to or less than N TX,i .
  • a vector x i,u is a spatial stream signal to the user u. The respective elements of this vector basically correspond to digital modulation symbols of phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), or the like.
  • a matrix W i,u is a precoding matrix for the user u. Elements in this matrix are basically complex numbers, but may be real numbers.
  • a matrix P i,u is a power allocation coefficient matrix for the user u in the cell i.
  • each element is preferably a positive real number.
  • this matrix may be a diagonal matrix (i.e., a matrix whose components excluding diagonal components are zero) as below.
  • P i , u P i , u , 0,0 0 ⁇ 0 0 P i , u , 1,1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ P i , u , N SS , u ⁇ 1 , N SS , u ⁇ 1
  • a scalar value P i,u may be used instead of the matrix P i,u .
  • a signal s i,v of the other user v is also transmitted on the same radio resource.
  • These signals are multiplexed using SPC.
  • U i denotes a set of users for which multiplexing is performed in the cell i.
  • a transmission signal s j is generated similarly. Such a signal is received as interference at the user side.
  • a reception signal r u of the user u can be expressed as below.
  • a matrix H u,i is a channel response matrix for the cell i and the user u.
  • Each element of the matrix H u,i is basically a complex number.
  • a vector n u is noise included in the reception signal r u of the user u.
  • the noise includes thermal noise, interference from another system, and the like.
  • the average power of the noise is expressed as below. ⁇ n , u 2
  • the reception signal r u can also be expressed by a desired signal and another signal as below.
  • r u H u , i s i , u + H u , i ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ U i , ⁇ ⁇ u s i , ⁇ + ⁇ j ⁇ i H u , j ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ U j s j , ⁇ + n u
  • the first term of the right-hand side denotes a desired signal of the user u
  • the second term denotes interference in the serving cell i of the user u (called intra-cell interference, multi-user interference, multi-access interference, or the like)
  • the third term denotes interference from a cell other than the cell i (called inter-cell interference).
  • the reception signal can be expressed as below.
  • r u H u , i s i , u + ⁇ j ⁇ i H u , j s j , ⁇ + n u
  • uplink transmission signals and reception signals when SPC is adopted will be described. Assumed here is a multi-cell system of HetNet, SCE, or the like. Note that the signs used for downlink will be further used as signs denoting signals and the like.
  • a transmission signal that the user u transmits in the cell i can be expressed in a vector form as below.
  • the number of transmission antennas is the number of transmission antennas of the user, N TX,u .
  • a matrix P i,u which is a power allocation coefficient matrix for the user u in the cell i , may be a diagonal matrix.
  • a reception signal of a base station of the cell i can be expressed as below.
  • a base station needs to decode all signals from a plurality of users in a cell. Note also that a channel response matrix differs depending on a user.
  • a reception signal can be expressed as below.
  • the first term of the right-hand side denotes a desired signal of the user u
  • the second term denotes interference in the serving cell i of the user u (called intra-cell interference, multi-user interference, multi-access interference, or the like)
  • the third term denotes interference from a cell other than the cell i (called inter-cell interference).
  • the reception signal can be expressed as below.
  • r i , u H i , u s i , u + ⁇ j ⁇ i H i , ⁇ s j , ⁇ + n i
  • a transmission signal sequence (that is, a signal) including a bit string is transmitted after a modulation process.
  • the bit string is associated with a signal point (also referred to as a "symbol") on a complex plane.
  • a correspondence relation between the bit string and the signal point is also referred to as a "constellation,” “constellation mapping,” “symbol mapping,” a “symbol arrangement,” or the like.
  • the gray mapping indicates that combinations of bit strings corresponding to adjacent symbols on the complex plane differ in at most 1 bit.
  • the bit error is at most 1 bit.
  • Table 1 to Table 3 below show correspondence relations between bit strings and coordinates on an IQ plane of the gray-mapped constellation in respective modulation schemes of 64QAM, 16QAM, and QPSK.
  • Table 1 shows a correspondence relation in 64QAM in which 6 bits per symbol bit can be expressed.
  • Table 2 shows a correspondence relation in 16QAM in which 4 bits per symbol bit can be expressed.
  • Table 3 shows a correspondence relation in QPSK in which 2 bits per symbol bit can be expressed.
  • a signal is multiplexed after power allocation is performed on a modulated symbol.
  • a constellation after multiplexing that is, a correspondence relation between a set of bit strings to be multiplexed and a symbol
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a constellation after multiplexing in a case in which two signals modulated using QPSK are multiplexed.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constellation of an SPC-multiplexed signal.
  • a number attached to each symbol indicates a corresponding bit string.
  • An amplitude magnitude relation of two QPSK constellations corresponds to a magnitude relation of allocated power.
  • two bits of a first half correspond to a bit string of a signal in which allocated power is large (that is, a signal to which the constellation 20A is applied).
  • Each corresponding bit string is underlined in FIG. 4 .
  • two bits of a second half correspond to a bit string of a signal in which allocated power is small (that is, a signal to which the constellation 20B is applied).
  • Each corresponding bit string is marked with an upper line in FIG. 4 .
  • each of the two QPSK constellations 20A and 20B is gray-mapped.
  • the constellation 20C of an SPC-multiplexed signal is not gray-mapped.
  • corresponding bit strings of adjacent symbols with an I axis or a Q axis interposed therebetween differ in 2 bits. For example, "0100" and "0001" adjacent thereto with the I axis interposed therebetween differ in a total of 2 bits in a second bit and a fourth bit.
  • the reception device decodes it erroneously as a symbol adjacent to the correct symbol with the I axis or the Q axis interposed therebetween, a bit error of 2 or more bits may occur.
  • the bit error of 2 or more bits leads to degradation of the decoding characteristic of the reception device. Further, the bit error occurs particularly remarkably in a case in which a maximum likelihood detection (MLD) technique is employed on the reception device side.
  • MLD maximum likelihood detection
  • the gray mapping be implemented not only before multiplexing but also in the constellation after SPC multiplexing.
  • the present embodiment provides a mechanism for implementing this.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the schematic configuration of the system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the system 1 includes a base station 100 and a terminal device 200.
  • the terminal device 200 is also called a user.
  • the user may also be called user equipment (UE).
  • UE user equipment
  • the UE may be UE defined in LTE or LTE-A, or may generally refer to communication equipment.
  • the base station 100 is a base station of a cellular system (or mobile communication system).
  • the base station 100 performs wireless communication with a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device 200) located in a cell 10 of the base station 100.
  • a terminal device e.g., the terminal device 200
  • the base station 100 transmits a downlink signal to the terminal device, and receives an uplink signal from the terminal device.
  • the terminal device 200 can perform communication in a cellular system (or mobile communication system).
  • the terminal device 200 performs wireless communication with a base station (e.g., the base station 100) of the cellular system.
  • a base station e.g., the base station 100
  • the terminal device 200 receives a downlink signal from the base station, and transmits an uplink signal to the base station.
  • the base station 100 performs wireless communication with a plurality of terminal devices by non-orthogonal multiple access. More specifically, the base station 100 performs wireless communication with a plurality of terminal devices by multiplexing/multiple access using power allocation. For example, the base station 100 performs wireless communication with the plurality of terminal devices by multiplexing/multiple access using SPC.
  • the base station 100 performs wireless communication with the plurality of terminal devices by multiplexing/multiple access using SPC in downlink. Specifically, for example, the base station 100 multiplexes signals to the plurality of terminal devices using SPC. In this case, for example, the terminal device 200 removes one or more other signals, as interference, from a multiplexed signal including a desired signal (that is, a signal to the terminal device 200), and decodes the desired signal.
  • a desired signal that is, a signal to the terminal device 200
  • the base station 100 may perform wireless communication with the plurality of terminal devices by multiplexing/multiple access using SPC in uplink, instead of or together with downlink.
  • the base station 100 may decode a multiplexed signal including signals transmitted from the plurality of terminal devices into the respective signals.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the example of the configuration of the base station 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the base station 100 includes an antenna unit 110, a wireless communication unit 120, a network communication unit 130, a storage unit 140, and a processing unit 150.
  • the antenna unit 110 radiates signals output by the wireless communication unit 120 out into space as radio waves.
  • the antenna unit 110 converts radio waves in the space into signals, and outputs the signals to the wireless communication unit 120.
  • the wireless communication unit 120 transmits and receives signals. For example, the wireless communication unit 120 transmits a downlink signal to a terminal device, and receives an uplink signal from a terminal device.
  • the network communication unit 130 transmits and receives information.
  • the network communication unit 130 transmits information to other nodes, and receives information from other nodes.
  • the other nodes include another base station and a core network node.
  • the storage unit 140 temporarily or permanently stores a program and various data for operation of the base station 100.
  • the processing unit 150 provides various functions of the base station 100.
  • the processing unit 150 includes a selection unit 151 and a transmission processing unit 153. Further, the processing unit 150 may further include other constituent elements in addition to these constituent elements. In other words, the processing unit 150 may also perform an operation in addition to operation of these components.
  • the operations of the selection unit 151 and the transmission processing unit 153 will be described later in detail.
  • the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) multiplexes transmission signal sequences of a plurality of power layers using the power allocation.
  • the transmission signal sequence transmitted from the base station 100 is multiplexed using the power allocation.
  • the expression “the power layer is multiplexed” is synonymous with the expression “a signal of the power layer is multiplexed.”
  • the expression “power is allocated to the power layer” is synonymous with the expression “power is allocated to the signal of the power layer.”
  • the base station 100 performs the power allocation in accordance with an arbitrary criterion.
  • an example of a relation between the power layer and the allocated power will be described with reference to FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of the power allocation to the power layer.
  • a horizontal axis indicates frequency resources and/or time resources, and a vertical axis indicates a power level (a height of allocated power).
  • N power layers power layer 0 to power layer N-1 to be multiplexed using SPC are illustrated. Numbers from 0 to N-1 are also referred to as indices of the power layers.
  • the height of the power layer (that is, the width in the vertical direction) indicates the height of power to be allocated. In the example illustrated in FIG.
  • power allocated to a power layer having a smaller index is higher, and for example, power P 0 is higher than power P 1 , power P 1 is higher than power P 2 , and power P N-1 is the lowest.
  • the transmission signal sequence to be multiplexed using SPC is transmitted using at least one power layer.
  • an index of a power layer to which the highest power is allocated may be not 0, and the power to be allocated may decrease as the index of the power layer decreases.
  • the base station 100 selects the constellation to be applied to each of the transmission signal sequences to be multiplexed. Further, the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) applies the selected constellation to each of the transmission signal sequences.
  • the number of multiplexed transmission signal sequences is assumed to be two. It will be appreciated that the number of multiplexed transmission signal sequences may be three or more.
  • a bit string of the transmission signal sequence which is higher in the power to be allocated than the other bit string is referred to as a "first bit string,” and a bit string of the transmission signal sequence which is lower in the power to be allocated than the other bit string is referred to as a "second bit string.”
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation to be applied to each of the first bit string and the second bit string.
  • a constellation applied to the first bit string is also referred to as a "first constellation,” and a constellation applied to the second bit string is also referred to as a "second constellation.”
  • first constellation a constellation applied to the first bit string
  • second constellation a constellation applied to the second bit string
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation to be applied to the other bit string in accordance with one bit string. Specifically, the base station 100 selects the second constellation corresponding to a symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of a process in a transmission device (for example, the wireless communication unit 120) that performs such selection.
  • a physical layer configuration controller (for example, operating under the control of the processing unit 150) acquires information from a modulator that modulates the bit string of the first transmission signal sequence. Specifically, the physical layer configuration controller acquires information indicating the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string. Then, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the physical configuration controller gives an instruction to the modulator that modulates the bit string of the second transmission signal sequence.
  • the physical layer configuration controller gives an instruction to apply the second constellation selected on the basis of the acquired information.
  • power is allocated to each signal output from each modulator. For example, high power is allocated to the signal of the first transmission signal sequence, and low power is allocated to the signal of the second transmission signal sequence. Thereafter, the signals of the two transmission signal sequences undergo the SPC multiplexing through various processes.
  • the base station 100 selects the second constellation so that bit strings corresponding to symbols of end portions in a direction of adjacency of the respective second constellations corresponding to adjacent symbols in the first constellation are identical.
  • the direction of adjacency in the present embodiment is assumed to be either of an I direction (that is, a positive I-axis direction or a negative I-axis direction) or a Q direction (that is, a positive Q-axis direction or a negative Q-axis direction).
  • I direction that is, a positive I-axis direction or a negative I-axis direction
  • Q direction that is, a positive Q-axis direction or a negative Q-axis direction
  • FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram for describing a constellation selection process according to the present embodiment.
  • the first constellation applied to the first bit string is indicated by reference numeral 21A.
  • the second constellations applied to the second bit string are indicated by reference numerals 21B to 21E.
  • the first bit string is "00”
  • the second constellation 21B is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 21C is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 21D is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 21E is applied to the second bit string.
  • meanings of underlines and upper lines attached to the respective bit strings in FIG. 9 are similar to those in FIG. 4 .
  • the second constellations corresponding to, for example, "00" and “10” which are adjacent symbols in the first constellation 21A are the second constellation 21B and reference numeral 21C. Further, in the first constellation 21A, a direction from “00” to “10” is the negative I-axis direction. On the other hand, in the first constellation 21A, a direction of from “10” to “00” is the positive I-axis direction.
  • bit strings that is, "10” and “11" corresponding to the symbol of the end portion in the negative I-axis direction of the second constellation 21B corresponding to "00" in the first constellation 21A are identical to the bit strings (that is, “10” and “11") corresponding to the symbols of the end portion in the I-axis positive direction of the second constellation 21C corresponds to "10” in the first constellation 21A.
  • Such a relation is similarly held for “10” and "11,” “11” and “01,” “01” and “00” which are other adjacent symbols in the first constellation as well.
  • the above relation can also be understood as the second constellations corresponding to the adjacent symbols in the first constellation being inverted in the direction of adjacency.
  • the second constellation 21C is obtained by inverting the second constellation 21B in the negative I-axis direction (that is, on the Q axis).
  • the second constellation 21B is obtained by inverting the second constellation 21C in the positive I-axis direction (that is, on the Q axis).
  • the above relation can be realized by deciding one reference symbol in the first constellation and selecting the second constellation in accordance with a deviation of the symbol corresponding to the first bit string from the reference symbol.
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by inverting the second constellation corresponding to the reference symbol in the positive I-axis direction (or the negative I-axis direction) (that is, on the Q axis).
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by inverting the second constellation corresponding to the reference symbol in the positive Q-axis direction (or the negative Q-axis direction) (that is, on the I axis).
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by inverting the second constellation corresponding to the reference symbol in the positive I-axis direction (or the negative I-axis direction) and the positive Q-axis direction (or the negative Q-axis direction) (that is, on the Q axis and the I axis).
  • the symbol corresponding to "00" in the first constellation indicated by reference numeral 21A is set as the reference symbol.
  • the base station 100 selects the second constellation 21C obtained by inverting the second constellation 21B corresponding to the reference symbol around the Q axis.
  • the base station 100 selects the second constellation 21E obtained by inverting the second constellation 21B corresponding to the reference symbol around the I axis.
  • the base station 100 selects the second constellation 21D obtained by inverting the second constellation 21B corresponding to the reference symbol around the Q axis and the I axis.
  • Reference numeral 21F in FIG. 9 indicates a constellation of an SPC-multiplexed signal. Referring to the constellation 21F, it is understood that the gray mapping is implemented. For example, in each quadrant, bit strings corresponding to adjacent symbols differ in 1 bit. Further, bit strings corresponding to adjacent symbols with the I axis or the Q axis interposed therebetween also differ in 1 bit. For example, "0001" and "0101" adjacent thereto with the I axis interposed therebetween differ in a total of 1 bit, that is, only the second bit.
  • the gray mapping is implemented not only in multiplexing but also in the constellation after the SPC multiplexing. Accordingly, even when the reception device decodes erroneously, for example, in a case in which it is decoded as a symbol next to a correct symbol, the bit error of 2 or more bits does not occur, and the bit error of at most 1 bit occurs. As described above, it is possible to prevent the degradation of the decoding characteristic of the reception device.
  • the constellation selection described above is first performed on the basis of a relation of two transmission signal sequences, and then the constellation selection described above is performed on the basis of a relation between a non-multiplexed transmission signal sequence and a multiplexed transmission signal sequence. In other words, even when the number of multiplexed transmission signal sequences is 3 or more, the present technology is applicable.
  • QPSK has been described as an example, but the present technology may employ an arbitrary modulation scheme such as BPSK, 16QAM, or the like. Further, the modulation scheme may be different between the first bit string and the second bit string.
  • Table 4 to Table 7 below show correspondence relations between the bit strings and coordinates of the first constellation 21A and the second constellations 21B to 21E on the IQ plane.
  • Table 4 shows a correspondence relation in the first constellation 21A and the second constellation 21B.
  • Table 5 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation 21C, that is, a correspondence relation inverted around the Q axis.
  • Table 6 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation 21E, that is, a correspondence relation inverted around the I axis.
  • Table 7 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation 21D, that is, a correspondence relation inverted around the I axis and the Q axis.
  • Table 8 to Table 11 below show correspondence relations between the bit strings and coordinates of the first constellation and the second constellation on the IQ plane in the case of 16QAM.
  • Table 8 shows a correspondence relation in the first constellation and the second constellation without inversion.
  • Table 9 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the Q axis.
  • Table 10 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the I axis.
  • Table 11 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the I axis and the Q axis.
  • Table 12 to Table 15 below show correspondence relations between the bit strings and coordinates of the first constellation and the second constellation on the IQ plane in the case of 64QAM.
  • Table 12 shows a correspondence relation in the first constellation and the second constellation which is not inverted.
  • Table 13 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the Q axis.
  • Table 14 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the I axis.
  • Table 15 shows a correspondence relation in the second constellation obtained by inverting the first constellation around the I axis and the Q axis.
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not the second constellation selected in the selection process is applied to the second bit string in accordance with content of signal processing at a stage after modulation (that is, the application of the first and second constellations). Accordingly, for example, in a case in which the gray mapping is not implemented although the second constellation selected in the selection process is applied, the selection process may be omitted. Further, in a case in which the second constellation selected in the selection process is determined not to be applied to the second bit string, for example, a default constellation (for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation) is applied.
  • a default constellation for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation
  • the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. This is because, in a case in which different transmission weightings are applied, it is difficult to implement the gray mapping as will be described later in detail with reference to FIG. 20 . Further, it is for backward compatibility. Further, as the transmission weighting, for example, precoding, beam-forming, or the like may be used, and a weighting is applied using a complex coefficient.
  • the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. This is because, in the case of the transmission setting other than the transmission weighting, it may be difficult to implement the gray mapping in a case in which the transmission settings are different from each other. Further, as the transmission setting, for example, a transmission mode or the like may be used.
  • the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string, and the number of space multiplexings (that is, the number of spatial layers) in spatial multiplexing (spatial multiplexing, spatial division multiplexing, or the like) or space diversity (transmit diversity, space-time block/trellis coding, or space-frequency block/trellis coding) in MIMO, the number of transmission antennas, or the like may be used as the transmission setting.
  • the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. Further, in a case in which the same number of transmission antennas are used for both transmission signal sequences, the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string.
  • the base station 100 may determine whether or not the second constellation selected in the selection process is applied to the second bit string in accordance with a channel used for transmission of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string. Specifically, in a case in which both the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string are transmitted using a data channel, a shared channel, or a dedicated channel, the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. This is because SPC multiplexing is basically considered not to be suitable for a channel which is received by a plurality of reception devices such as a control channel in terms of compatibility.
  • the base station 100 may determine whether or not the second constellation selected in the selection process is applied to the second bit string in accordance with a destination of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and a destination of the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string. For example, in a case in which a destination of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and a destination of the transmission signal sequences of the second bit string are a single device (that is, unicast), the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. Further, in a case in which the destination of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the destination of the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string are different, the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string.
  • the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string. Further, in a case in which the destination of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string is a plurality of devices, the base station 100 may apply the second constellation selected in the selection process to the second bit string regardless of the destination of the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a multiplexing process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the base station 100 acquires a modulation level to be applied to a target signal (step S102).
  • the modulation level corresponds to each modulation scheme such as BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, or 64QAM.
  • the modulation level may be the number of bits per symbol (1 bit/symbol in the case of BPSK, 2 bits/symbol in the case of QPSK, 4 bits/symbol in the case of 16QAM, and 6 bits/symbol in the case of 64QAM).
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not at least a part of the target signal is multiplexed with another signal on the same frequency resources or the same time resources (step S104). Further, in a case in which at least a part of the target signal is determined to be multiplexed with another signal on the same frequency resources or the same time resources (YES in step S104), the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) determines whether or not the power to be allocated to the target signal is lower than that of another signal to be multiplexed (Step S106).
  • the base station 100 performs the constellation selection process (step S108). Specifically, the base station 100 selects the second constellation corresponding to the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the bit string of another signal to be multiplexed (that is, the first transmission signal sequence).
  • the base station 100 selects a predetermined constellation (step S110). For example, the base station 100 (the selection unit 151) selects a default constellation (for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation).
  • the base station 100 applies the selected constellation to the target signal (that is, the second transmission signal sequence) (step S112). Thereafter, the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) multiplexes the modulated target signal with another signal (step S114).
  • the base station 100 selects a predetermined constellation (step S116). For example, the base station 100 (the selection unit 151) selects a default constellation (for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation). Then, the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) applies the selected constellation to the target signal (that is, the second transmission signal sequence) (step S118).
  • a predetermined constellation for example, the base station 100 (the selection unit 151) selects a default constellation (for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation).
  • the base station 100 for example, the transmission processing unit 153) applies the selected constellation to the target signal (that is, the second transmission signal sequence) (step S118).
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of the constellation selection process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment. The present flow corresponds to step S108 in FIG. 10 .
  • the base station 100 acquires the modulation level to be applied to the first transmission signal sequence (step S202). Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) acquires the modulation level to be applied to the second transmission signal sequence (step S204). Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) specifies the symbol corresponding to the first bit string in the first constellation (step S206). Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) sets the constellation corresponding to the reference symbol as a candidate for the second constellation (step S208).
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not the symbol corresponding to the first bit string deviates from the reference symbol by an odd number of symbols in the positive I-axis direction (or the negative I-axis direction) (step S210). In a case in which the symbol corresponding to the first bit string is determined to deviate from the reference symbol by an odd number of symbols in the positive I-axis direction (YES in step S210), the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) inverts the candidate for the second constellation around the Q axis (step S212). In a case in which the symbol corresponding to the first bit string is determined to deviate from the reference symbol by an even number of symbols in the positive I-axis direction (NO in step S210), a process of step S212 is skipped.
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not the symbol corresponding to the first bit string deviates from the reference symbol by an odd number of symbols in the positive Q-axis direction (or the negative Q-axis direction) (step S214). In a case in which the symbol corresponding to the first bit string is determined to deviate from the reference symbol by an odd number of symbols in the positive Q-axis direction (YES in step S214), the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) inverts the candidate for the second constellation around I axis (step S216). In a case in which the symbol corresponding to the first bit string is determined to deviate from the reference symbol by an even number of symbols in the positive Q-axis direction (NO in step S214), a process of step S216 is skipped.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a constellation applying process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the base station 100 acquires the modulation level to be applied to the target signal (step S302). Thereafter, in steps S304 to S316, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) determines whether the constellation selection process is performed or a predetermined constellation is selected.
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not at least a part of the target signal is multiplexed with another signal on the same frequency resources or the same time resources (step S304). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not the power to be allocated to the target signal is lower than that of another signal to be multiplexed (step S306). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not the same transmission weighting as another signal is applied to the target signal (step S308). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not the same transmission mode as another signal is applied to the target signal (step S310). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not the same number of space multiplexings as another signal are applied to the target signal (step S312). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not a data channel, a shared channel, or a dedicated channel is used for the target signal (step S314). Then, the base station 100 determines whether or not the target signal is unicast (step S316).
  • the base station 100 performs the constellation selection process (step S318).
  • the process is similar to step S108 of FIG. 10 as described above with reference to FIG. 11 .
  • the base station 100 selects a predetermined constellation (step S320).
  • the base station 100 applies the selected constellation to the target signal (step S322).
  • the constellation applying process including the determination based on the signal processing at a stage after the modulation ends.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a constellation applying process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • step S314 and step S316 of FIG. 12 are shifted to a stage before step S304, and since content is similar, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a constellation applying process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the flow illustrated in FIG. 14 is a flowchart in which step S316 in the flow illustrated in FIG. 12 is replaced with step S317.
  • step S317 the base station 100 determines whether or not the destination of the target signal and the destination of another signal are multicast or broadcast.
  • the description of step S316 of FIG. 12 may be used for description of step S317.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a constellation applying process executed in the base station 1 00 according to the present embodiment.
  • step S314 and step S317 of FIG. 14 are shifted to a stage before step S304, and since content is similar, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the selection of the second constellation is performed, and the selected second constellation is applied to the second bit string. Accordingly, the signal in which the gray mapping can be implemented even in the constellation after multiplexing is generated.
  • the signal in which the gray mapping can be implemented even in the constellation after multiplexing is generated by performing a conversion process after modulation (that is, conversion of a phase and an amplitude. Conversion of a symbol arrangement may be used) on the second bit string. A final output is the same as in a case in which the selection of the second constellation is performed and the present modified example.
  • a process for generating the signal in which the gray mapping can be implemented even in the constellation after multiplexing may be implemented by selecting the second constellation or may be implemented by the conversion process after modulation.
  • a difference between these methods is an implementation difference, but there is no basic technological difference.
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of a process in the transmission device (for example, the wireless communication unit 120) that converts the symbol arrangement after modulation.
  • the physical layer configuration controller (for example, operating under the control of the processing unit 150) acquires information from the modulator that modulates the first transmission signal sequence. Specifically, the physical layer configuration controller acquires information indicating the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string. Further, the first constellation and the second constellation are assumed to be identical to each other. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 16 , the physical configuration controller gives an instruction to the converter that performs the conversion process on the symbol of the bit string of the second transmission signal sequence output from the modulator.
  • the physical layer configuration controller gives an instruction to perform conversion for implementing a similar symbol arrangement to the result of applying the second constellation selected in the transmission device illustrated in FIG. 8 in the modulator. Accordingly, the signal output from the modulator to which the second transmission signal sequence is input in FIG. 8 and the signal output from the converter in FIG. 16 coincide with each other if the first and second transmission signal sequences input to both the transmission devices are identical. Further, power is allocated to the signal of the first transmission signal sequence output from the modulator and the signal of the second transmission signal sequence output from the converter. For example, high power is allocated to the signal of the first transmission signal sequence, and low power is allocated to the signal of the second transmission signal sequence. Thereafter, the signals of the two transmission signal sequences undergo the SPC multiplexing through various processes.
  • the base station 100 acquires the modulation level to be applied to the target signal (step S132).
  • the base station 100 selects a predetermined constellation (step S134).
  • the base station 100 selects a default constellation (for example, a constellation identical to the first constellation).
  • the base station 100 applies the selected constellation to the target signal (that is, the second transmission signal sequence) (step S136).
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not at least a part of the target signal is multiplexed with another signal on the same frequency resources or the same time resources (step S138). In a case in which at least a part of the target signal is determined not to be multiplexed with another signal on the same frequency resources or the same time resources (NO in step S138), the process ends.
  • the base station 100 determines whether or not the power to be allocated to the target signal is lower than that of another signal to be multiplexed (Step S140).
  • the base station 100 performs the conversion process (step S142). Specifically, the base station 100 converts the phase or the amplitude of the signal modulated in step S136 so that the same signal as the signal generated in a case in which the second constellation corresponding to the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the bit string of another signal to be multiplexed (that is, the first transmission signal sequence) applied to the target signal is generated. Thereafter, the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) multiplexes the converted target signal with another signal (step S144).
  • each of a plurality of transmission signal sequences is modulated and then SPC-multiplexed. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 9 , for example, two signals to which QPSK is applied are SPC-multiplexed, and a signal of 16QAM is generated in a pseudo manner.
  • one combined transmission signal sequence is generated from a bit string extracted from a plurality of transmission signal sequences and modulated together, and a similar output to that of the first embodiment is obtained.
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram for describing technical features of the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the physical layer configuration controller (for example, operating under the control of the processing unit 150) applies bit selection and bit rearrangement to each of the first transmission signal sequence and the second transmission signal sequence.
  • the physical layer configuration controller extracts a bit string multiplexed with one symbol from each of the transmission signal sequences. Then, the physical layer configuration controller modulates the bit strings extracted from the respective transmission signal sequences together.
  • the physical layer configuration controller selects two bits from each of the first transmission signal sequence and the second transmission signal sequence and modulates a total of 4 bits using 16QAM.
  • the physical layer configuration controller performs a rearrangement such that the 2 bits of the transmission signal sequence which is higher in the power to be allocated are placed as 2 bits of a first half, and the 2 bits of the transmission signal sequence which is lower in the power to be allocated are placed as 2 bits of a second half.
  • a normal constellation gray-mapped for 16QAM is typically applied to the 16QAM modulation.
  • the reception device decodes erroneously, for example, in a case in which it is decoded as a symbol next to a correct symbol, the bit error of 2 or more bits does not occur, and the bit error of at most 1 bit occurs.
  • the bit error of 2 or more bits does not occur, and the bit error of at most 1 bit occurs.
  • the modulation a modification of the gray-mapped normal constellation may be applied, or a constellation similar to the constellation after multiplexing in the first embodiment may be applied.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a modulation process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the base station 100 acquires the modulation level to be applied to the transmission signal (step S402).
  • 16QAM is assumed to be used as an example.
  • the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) extracts a bit string having the number of bits corresponding to the modulation level from each of the multiplexed transmission signal sequences (step S404). For example, in a case in which the modulation level is 16QAM, and the number of multiplexings is 2, the base station 100 extracts two bits from two transmission signal sequences.
  • the base station 100 places the extracted bit string at a bit position corresponding to the allocated power and combines the bits (step S406).
  • the base station 100 combines the bits such that 2 bits of the transmission signal sequence which is higher in the power to be allocated are placed as 2 bits of a first half, and 2 bits of the transmission signal sequence which is lower in the power to be allocated are placed as 2 bits of a second half.
  • the base station 100 (for example, the transmission processing unit 153) modulates the combined bit string (step S408).
  • the base station 100 modulates the combined 4-bit bit string using the normal constellation gray-mapped for 16QAM.
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram for describing an example of a constellation in a case in which different transmission weightings are applied. Meanings of underlines and upper lines attached to respective bit strings in FIG. 20 are similar as those of FIG. 4 .
  • a phase difference occurs between two QPSK constellations 22A and 22B. This phase difference occurs since a difference between transmission weights applied to the respective signals after modulation is reflected at the symbol position.
  • the gray mapping is implemented in the constellation 22C of the signal obtained by SPC-multiplexing the signal including the phase difference.
  • a symbol of "1011" surrounded by a broken line is different from a symbol of "1100" adjacent thereto (for example, located at the closest distance) with the I axis interposed therebetween in 2 bits.
  • a bit error of 2 or more bits may occur. The bit error of 2 or more bits leads to degradation of the decoding characteristic of the reception device.
  • a symbol arrangement is also referred to as quasi non-gray mapping.
  • a symbol arrangement in which, in a case in which different transmission weightings are applied, adjacent symbols with the I axis or the Q axis interposed therebetween among the multiplexed symbols in addition to within each quadrant differ in only 1 bit is also referred to as a "quasi gray mapping.”
  • the base station 100 according to the present embodiment implements the quasi gray mapping in a case in which different transmission weightings are performed.
  • the base station 100 selects the constellation to be applied to each of the transmission signal sequences to be multiplexed.
  • the base station 100 selects the second constellation further corresponding to the transmission weight applied to each of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string.
  • the number of multiplexed transmission signal sequences is assumed to be two. It will be appreciated that the number of multiplexed transmission signal sequences may be three or more. In this case, it is preferable that transmission weights to be applied be different in at least one set of a plurality of transmission signal sequences.
  • a power relation between the first bit string and the second bit string is similar to that of the first embodiment.
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation to be applied to the other bit string in accordance with one bit string. Specifically, the base station 100 selects the second constellation corresponding to a symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string.
  • the transmission device (such as a wireless communication unit 120) that performs such selection can be implemented, for example, as FIG. 8 or FIG. 16 described above.
  • the second constellation selected by the base station 100 is obtained by rotating a reference constellation by an amount corresponding to the transmission weight applied to each of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string, and the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string.
  • the second constellation selected by the base station 100 is obtained by rotating a reference constellation by an amount corresponding to the transmission weight applied to each of the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string and the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string, and the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string.
  • FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram for describing the constellation selection process according to the present embodiment.
  • the first constellation applied to the first bit string is indicated by 23A.
  • the second constellations applied to the second bit string are indicated by reference numerals 23B to 23E.
  • the first bit string is "11”
  • the second constellation 23B is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 23C is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 23D is applied to the second bit string.
  • the second constellation 23E is applied to the second bit string.
  • meanings of underlines and upper lines attached to the respective bit strings in FIG. 9 are similar to those in FIG. 4 .
  • the transmission weight applied to the transmission signal sequence of the first bit string is different from the transmission weight applied to the transmission signal sequence of the second bit string. Therefore, a phase difference occurs between the first constellation and the second constellation.
  • the first constellation 23A is used as the reference constellation.
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by rotating the reference constellation 0 ⁇ n° as the second constellation 23B. Further, in FIG. 21 , a phase difference caused by a difference in a transmission weight is further reflected in the selected constellation and illustrated.
  • the second constellation 23B may be regarded as the reference constellation. Further, the rotation direction is clockwise.
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by rotating the reference constellation 90 ⁇ n° as the second constellation 23C.
  • the base station 100 selects a constellation obtained by rotating the reference constellation 180 ⁇ n° as the second constellation 23D.
  • a and “B” in the above Formula indicate amplitudes of corresponding symbols in the first constellation 23A and the second constellation 23B as illustrated in FIG. 22 .
  • "0" is a phase difference appearing in a case in which the difference in the transmission weight applied to each signal after modulation illustrated in FIG. 22 is reflected at the symbol position.
  • Reference numeral 23F in FIG. 21 indicates a constellation of an SPC-multiplexed signal. Referring to the constellation 23F, it is understood that the quasi gray mapping is implemented. For example, in each quadrant, bit strings corresponding to adjacent symbols differ in 1 bit. Further, adjacent symbols with the I axis or the Q axis interposed therebetween differ in 1 bit as in "1000" and "1100" surrounded by broken lines.
  • the quasi gray mapping is implemented even in the constellation after the SPC multiplexing. Accordingly, even when the reception device decodes erroneously, for example, in a case in which it is decoded as a symbol next to a correct symbol, the bit error of 2 or more bits does not occur, and the bit error of at most 1 bit occurs. As described above, it is possible to prevent the degradation of the decoding characteristic of the reception device.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a flow of a constellation selection process executed in the base station 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the base station 100 acquires the transmission weights applied to the target signal and another signal to be multiplexed (step S502). Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) acquires the phase difference caused by the difference between the transmission weights. Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) specifies the symbol corresponding to the first bit string in the first constellation. Then, the base station 100 (for example, the selection unit 151) selects the first constellation rotated in accordance with the position and the phase difference of the symbol corresponding to the first bit string as the second constellation.
  • the base station 100 may be realized as any type of evolved node B (eNB), such as a macro eNB, a small eNB, or the like.
  • eNB evolved node B
  • a small eNB may be an eNB that covers a smaller cell than a macro cell, such as a pico eNB, a micro eNB, or a home (femto) eNB.
  • the base station 100 may be realized as another type of base station such as a node B or a base transceiver station (BTS).
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • the base station 100 may include a main body that controls wireless communication (also referred to as a base station device) and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs) disposed in a different place from the main body.
  • a main body that controls wireless communication also referred to as a base station device
  • RRHs remote radio heads
  • various types of terminals to be described below may operate as the base station 100 by temporarily or semi-permanently executing the base station function.
  • at least some of constituent elements of the base station 100 may be realized in a base station device or a module for a base station device.
  • FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB to which the technology of the present disclosure may be applied.
  • An eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810 and a base station device 820. Each antenna 810 and the base station device 820 may be connected to each other via an RF cable.
  • Each of the antennas 810 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and is used for the base station device 820 to transmit and receive radio signals.
  • the eNB 800 may include the multiple antennas 810, as illustrated in FIG. 24 .
  • the multiple antennas 810 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 800.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates the example in which the eNB 800 includes the multiple antennas 810, the eNB 800 may also include a single antenna 810.
  • the base station device 820 includes a controller 821, a memory 822, a network interface 823, and a wireless communication interface 825.
  • the controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operates various functions of a higher layer of the base station device 820. For example, the controller 821 generates a data packet from data in signals processed by the wireless communication interface 825, and transfers the generated packet via the network interface 823. The controller 821 may bundle data from multiple base band processors to generate the bundled packet, and transfer the generated bundled packet. In addition, the controller 821 may have logical functions of performing control such as radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control, and scheduling. The control may be performed in corporation with an eNB or a core network node in the vicinity.
  • the memory 822 includes RAM and ROM, and stores a program that is executed by the controller 821, and various types of control data (such as a terminal list, transmission power data, and scheduling data).
  • the network interface 823 is a communication interface for connecting the base station device 820 to a core network 824.
  • the controller 821 may communicate with a core network node or another eNB via the network interface 823.
  • the eNB 800 may be connected to a core network node or another eNB through a logical interface (e.g. S1 interface or X2 interface).
  • the network interface 823 may also be a wired communication interface or a wireless communication interface for radio backhaul. If the network interface 823 is a wireless communication interface, the network interface 823 may use a higher frequency band for wireless communication than a frequency band used by the wireless communication interface 825.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 supports any cellular communication scheme such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, and provides radio connection to a terminal positioned in a cell of the eNB 800 via the antenna 810.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may typically include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 826 and an RF circuit 827.
  • the BB processor 826 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulating/demodulating, multiplexing/demultiplexing, or the like, and performs various types of signal processing of layers (such as L1, medium access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)).
  • layers such as L1, medium access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)
  • the BB processor 826 may have a part or all of the above-described logical functions instead of the controller 821.
  • the BB processor 826 may be a memory that stores a communication control program, or a module that includes a processor and a related circuit configured to execute the program. Updating the program may allow the functions of the BB processor 826 to be changed.
  • the module may be a card or a blade that is inserted into a slot of the base station device 820. Alternatively, the module may also be a chip that is mounted on the card or the blade.
  • the RF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 810.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include the multiple BB processors 826, as illustrated in FIG. 24 .
  • the multiple BB processors 826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 800.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include the multiple RF circuits 827, as illustrated in FIG. 24 .
  • the multiple RF circuits 827 may be compatible with multiple antenna elements. Note that, although FIG. 24 illustrates the example in which the wireless communication interface 825 includes the multiple BB processors 826 and the multiple RF circuits 827, the wireless communication interface 825 may also include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827.
  • one or more structural elements included in the base station 100 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 825.
  • the controller 821 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 825.
  • the module may store a program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements (i.e., a program for causing the processor to execute operations of the one or more structural elements) and may execute the program.
  • the program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements may be installed in the eNB 800, and the wireless communication interface 825 (for example, the BB processor 826) and/or the controller 821 may execute the program.
  • the eNB 800, the base station device 820, or the module may be provided as a device which includes the one or more structural elements, and the program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements may be provided.
  • a readable recording medium in which the program is recorded may be provided.
  • the wireless communication unit 120 described with reference to FIG. 6 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 825 (for example, the RF circuit 827).
  • the antenna unit 110 may be implemented by the antenna 810.
  • the network communication unit 130 may be implemented by the controller 821 and/or the network interface 823.
  • the storage unit 140 may be implemented by the memory 822.
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB to which the technology of the present disclosure may be applied.
  • An eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, a base station device 850, and an RRH 860. Each antenna 840 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. In addition, the base station device 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via a high speed line such as an optical fiber cable.
  • Each of the antennas 840 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and is used for the RRH 860 to transmit and receive radio signals.
  • the eNB 830 may include the multiple antennas 840, as illustrated in FIG. 25 .
  • the multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with respective frequency bands used by the eNB 830. Note that, although FIG. 25 illustrates the example in which the eNB 830 includes the multiple antennas 840, the eNB 830 may also include a single antenna 840.
  • the base station device 850 includes a controller 851, a memory 852, a network interface 853, a wireless communication interface 855, and a connection interface 857.
  • the controller 851, the memory 852, and the network interface 853 are similar to the controller 821, the memory 822, and the network interface 823 described with reference to FIG. 24 .
  • the wireless communication interface 855 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and provides wireless connection to a terminal positioned in a sector corresponding to the RRH 860 via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may typically include, for example, a BB processor 856.
  • the BB processor 856 is similar to the BB processor 826 described with reference to FIG. 24 , except connection to the RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may include the multiple BB processors 856, as illustrated in FIG. 25 .
  • the multiple BB processors 856 may be compatible with respective frequency bands used by the eNB 830. Note that, although FIG. 25 illustrates the example in which the wireless communication interface 855 includes the multiple BB processors 856, the wireless communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor 856.
  • connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • the connection interface 857 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-described high speed line that connects the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • the RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a wireless communication interface 863.
  • connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860 (wireless communication interface 863) to the base station device 850.
  • the connection interface 861 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-described high speed line.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 transmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 may typically include, for example, the RF circuit 864.
  • the RF circuit 864 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 may include multiple RF circuits 864, as illustrated in FIG. 25 .
  • the multiple RF circuits 864 may support multiple antenna elements. Note that, although FIG. 25 illustrates the example in which the wireless communication interface 863 includes the multiple RF circuits 864, the wireless communication interface 863 may also include a single RF circuit 864.
  • one or more structural elements included in the base station 100 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 855 and/or the wireless communication interface 863.
  • the controller 851 may be implemented by a module which includes a part (for example, the BB processor 856) or all of the wireless communication interface 855 and/or the controller 851, and the one or more structural elements may be implemented by the module.
  • the module may store a program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements (i.e., a program for causing the processor to execute operations of the one or more structural elements) and may execute the program.
  • the program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements may be installed in the eNB 830, and the wireless communication interface 855 (for example, the BB processor 856) and/or the controller 851 may execute the program.
  • the eNB 830, the base station device 850, or the module may be provided as a device which includes the one or more structural elements, and the program for causing the processor to function as the one or more structural elements may be provided.
  • a readable recording medium in which the program is recorded may be provided.
  • the wireless communication unit 120 described, for example, with reference to FIG. 6 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 863 (for example, the RF circuit 864).
  • the antenna unit 110 may be implemented by the antenna 840.
  • the network communication unit 130 may be implemented by the controller 851 and/or the network interface 853.
  • the storage 140 may be implemented by the memory 852.
  • the base station 100 applies the second constellation corresponding to the symbol position of the first bit string in the first constellation applied to the first bit string to the second bit string in regard to a plurality of bit strings to be multiplexed for each of the transmission signal sequences to be multiplexed in resource blocks which at least some of frequency resources or time resources overlap).
  • the bit strings corresponding to symbols of end portions in an direction of adjacency of the respective second constellations corresponding to adjacent symbols in the first constellation are identical. Accordingly, it is possible to implement the gray mapping in the constellation applied to each bit string and implement the gray mapping even in the constellation after multiplexing. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the bit error in the reception device for the signal multiplexed using non-orthogonal resources and further improve the decoding accuracy.
  • SPC has been described as an example of multiplexing/multiple-access technology using non-orthogonal resources, but the present technology is not limited to such examples.
  • the present technology can be applied even in multiplexing/multiple-access technology using arbitrary non-orthogonal resources such as interleave division multiple access (IDMA).
  • IDMA interleave division multiple access
  • the present technology is not limited to such an example.
  • the present technology may be applied to uplink, and the present technique may also be applied to D2D communication, MTC communication, or the like.

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Claims (14)

  1. Vorrichtung (100), die eine Verarbeitungseinheit (150) umfasst, die konfiguriert ist zum
    Abrufen einer Vielzahl von Bitfolgen, die Übertragungssignalsequenzen entsprechen, die für eine Übertragung vorgesehen sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Bitfolgen eine erste Bitfolge und eine zweite Bitfolge aufweisen;
    Erzeugen einer modulierten ersten Bitfolge, indem die erste Bitfolge mit einer ersten Konstellation moduliert wird;
    Ermitteln einer Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde;
    Auswählen einer zweiten Konstellation aufgrund der Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde, wobei sowohl die erste Konstellation als auch die zweite Konstellation Gray-zugeordnet sind und wobei Bitfolgen, die Symbolen von Endabschnitten der ersten Konstellation entsprechen, in Richtung auf eine Nachbarschaft der entsprechenden zweiten Konstellationen, die benachbarten Symbolen in der ersten Konstellation entsprechen, identisch sind;
    Erzeugen einer modulierten zweiten Bitfolge, indem die zweite Bitfolge moduliert wird durch ein Anwenden der zweiten Konstellation, die der Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation entspricht, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde, auf die zweite Bitfolge aus der Vielzahl von Bitfolgen, die für jede der Übertragungssignalsequenzen zu multiplexen sind;
    Erzeugen eines gemultiplexten Signals der Übertragungssignalsequenzen, indem die modulierte erste Bitfolge und die modulierte zweite Bitfolge gemultiplext werden; und
    Senden des gemultiplexten Signals der Übertragungssignalsequenzen in Ressourcenblöcken, für die sich die Frequenzressourcen oder Zeitressourcen mindestens teilweise überschneiden.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei die zweiten Konstellationen, die den benachbarten Symbolen in der ersten Konstellation entsprechen, in einer Richtung einer Nachbarschaft konstellationsinvertiert sind.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Übertragungssignalsequenzen mithilfe einer Leistungszuteilung gemultiplext werden.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
    wobei einer Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge eine größere Leistung als einer Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge zugeteilt wird.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die ersten und die zweiten Konstellationen eine Gray-zugeordnete Entsprechungsbeziehung zwischen einer Bitfolge und einem Symbol in einer komplexen Ebene anzeigen.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (150) konfiguriert ist zum Ermitteln, ob die zweite Konstellation gegebenenfalls auf die zweite Bitfolge anzuwenden ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
    wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (150), in einem Fall, in dem eine gleiche Übertragungsgewichtung sowohl auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge als auch auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, oder in einem Fall, in dem keine Übertragungsgewichtung auf eine der Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge und der Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, oder in einem Fall, in dem ein gleicher Übertragungsmodus sowohl auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge als auch auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, oder in einem Fall, in dem ein räumliches Multiplexverfahren oder ein Raumdiversitätsverfahren auf eine gleiche Anzahl von Raummultiplexierungen sowohl auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge als auch auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, konfiguriert ist zum Anwenden der zweiten Konstellation auf die zweite Bitfolge.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (150) konfiguriert ist zum Ermitteln, ob die zweite Konstellation gegebenenfalls auf die zweite Bitfolge anzuwenden ist, gemäß den Kanälen, die für eine Übertragung einer Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge und eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge zu verwenden sind.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die Verarbeitungseinheit (150) in einem Fall, in dem sowohl eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge als auch eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge übertragen werden, indem ein Datenkanal, ein gemeinsam genutzter Kanal oder ein zweckbestimmter Kanal verwendet wird, konfiguriert ist zum Anwenden der zweiten Konstellation auf die zweite Bitfolge.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei eine Anzahl von zu multiplexenden Übertragungssignalsequenzen gleich 2 ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    wobei die zweite Konstellation außerdem einer Übertragungsgewichtung, die auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge angewandt wird, und einer Übertragungsgewichtung entspricht, die auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11,
    wobei die zweite Konstellation erhalten wird, indem eine Referenzkonstellation um eine Größe gedreht wird, die der Übertragungsgewichtung, die auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge angewandt wird, der Übertragungsgewichtung, die auf eine Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, und der Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation entspricht, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wird, und/oder
    wobei die Übertragungsgewichtung, die auf die Übertragungssignalsequenz der ersten Bitfolge angewandt wird, und die Übertragungsgewichtung, die auf die Übertragungssignalsequenz der zweiten Bitfolge angewandt wird, unterschiedlich sind.
  13. Verfahren, umfassend:
    Abrufen einer Vielzahl von Bitfolgen, die Übertragungssignalsequenzen entsprechen, die für eine Übertragung vorgesehen sind, wobei die Vielzahl von Bitfolgen eine erste Bitfolge und eine zweite Bitfolge aufweisen;
    Erzeugen einer modulierten ersten Bitfolge, indem die erste Bitfolge mit einer ersten Konstellation moduliert wird;
    Ermitteln einer Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde;
    Auswählen einer zweiten Konstellation aufgrund der Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde, wobei sowohl die erste Konstellation als auch die zweite Konstellation Gray-zugeordnet sind und wobei Bitfolgen, die Symbolen von Endabschnitten der ersten Konstellation entsprechen, in Richtung auf eine Nachbarschaft der entsprechenden zweiten Konstellationen, die benachbarten Symbolen in der ersten Konstellation entsprechen, identisch sind;
    Erzeugen einer modulierten zweiten Bitfolge, indem die zweite Bitfolge moduliert wird durch ein Anwenden der zweiten Konstellation, die der Symbolposition der ersten Bitfolge in der ersten Konstellation entspricht, die auf die erste Bitfolge angewandt wurde, auf die zweite Bitfolge aus der Vielzahl von Bitfolgen, die für jede der Übertragungssignalsequenzen zu multiplexen sind;
    Erzeugen eines gemultiplexten Signals der Übertragungssignalsequenzen, indem die modulierte erste Bitfolge und die modulierte zweite Bitfolge gemultiplext werden; und
    Senden des gemultiplexten Signals der Übertragungssignalsequenzen in Ressourcenblöcken, für die sich die Frequenzressourcen oder Zeitressourcen mindestens teilweise überschneiden.
  14. Programm, das einen Computer veranlasst, die Schritte des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 13 durchzuführen, wenn das Programm in dem Computer ausgeführt wird.
EP16848373.3A 2015-09-24 2016-07-01 Vorrichtung, verfahren und programm Active EP3355499B1 (de)

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