EP3352298B1 - Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion par micro-ondes - Google Patents

Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion par micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3352298B1
EP3352298B1 EP17000107.7A EP17000107A EP3352298B1 EP 3352298 B1 EP3352298 B1 EP 3352298B1 EP 17000107 A EP17000107 A EP 17000107A EP 3352298 B1 EP3352298 B1 EP 3352298B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modulation
array
modulations
emitter elements
microwave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17000107.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3352298A1 (fr
Inventor
Axel Brokmeier
Patrick Scheele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hensoldt Sensors GmbH
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Hensoldt Sensors GmbH
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Priority to EP17000107.7A priority Critical patent/EP3352298B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2647—Retrodirective arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave backscatter transponder.
  • a transponder in the context of the present invention is a radio communication device that receives incoming signals from a far-field interrogator and automatically answers or forwards.
  • Backscatter transponders use the physical principle of modulated backscatter to answer the incoming signal, e.g. by keying in and out.
  • the backscatter transponder itself generates no field, but only affects the incident electromagnetic signal of the interrogator, in which he modulates the incident signal.
  • the information content provided via the modulation can be processed by a receiver.
  • the recipient does not necessarily have to be in the same place as the interrogator (this is called a bi-static case). In practice, however, this will usually be the case (monostatic case) in order to use an existing radar sensor. Both in the bi-static and in the monostatic case, these are mainly secondary radar applications.
  • US 4,684,952 discloses a passive array of prior art microstrip transponders based on a resonant cavity.
  • the backscatter transponder antenna comprises an array of four antenna elements AE1 to AE4 (eg designed as antenna patches).
  • the individual antenna patches are each switched over a switch SPDT 1 to SPDT4 between a reflection-free termination LOAD and a fully-reflective termination REFL.
  • the modulation unit here, for example, OOM with a duty cycle of 50%.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a microwave backscatter transponder with improved antenna sidelobe suppression.
  • Fig. 2 shows the structure of a backscatter transponder according to the invention with a linear array AR of four antenna elements AE1 to AE4 (eg designed as patch antenna elements).
  • the array can have any number of antenna elements which are arranged linearly or in two dimensions.
  • the impedance of the two outer antenna elements AE1, AE4 (via the switching of the associated switches SPDT 1 and SPDT 4) is modulated differently than the impedance of the two inner antenna elements AE2, AE3 (via the respective associated switches SPDT 2, SPDT 3).
  • two separate modulation units MOD1, MOD2 are present.
  • the pulse widths for the modulation of the inner switches SPDT 2, SPDT 3 can advantageously be selected so that the on-time corresponds to the off-time (50% duty cycle).
  • the switches SPDT 1, SPDT 4 assigned to the outer antenna elements AE1, AE4 are modulated with a narrower pulse (in this case, for example: 20% duty cycle).
  • the individual modulation signals thus differ in their energy content.
  • Fig. 3 shows the corresponding time curves for the modulation of the switch inner and outer antenna elements.
  • a plurality of groups of antenna elements are formed, wherein the same modulation is applied to all antenna elements of a group.
  • a group preferably consists of at least two antenna elements, but in individual cases may also comprise only one antenna element.
  • the frequency lines drawn without filling form the spectrum in a modulation with a duty cycle of 50% (inner antenna elements), while the hatched drawn spectral lines represent the spectrum of the outer antenna elements (modulation with 20% duty cycle).
  • different signal levels result for the same frequencies depending on the used pulse width (equivalent to the used duty-cycle).
  • the concrete level values for this example are given at the top of each frequency line.
  • any taper (level distribution) across the array can be achieved.
  • modulation i.e., choice of duty cycle or pulse width
  • any taper (level distribution) across the array can be achieved.
  • which one to choose in each case is given by the known sidelobe methods (for example, binomial, Dolph-Chebyshev, etc.).
  • sidelobe methods for example, binomial, Dolph-Chebyshev, etc.
  • the backscatter transponder according to the invention will advantageously have at least three antenna elements.
  • Fig. 5 shows the degree of sidelobe suppression achieved for the example presented according to the Dolph-Chebyshev method (right-hand antenna diagram of FIG Fig. 5 ) compared to a constant amplitude distribution across the array according to the prior art Fig. 2 (left antenna diagram of the Fig. 5 ) in the usual polar coordinate representation. It can be seen that the side lobes are significantly reduced in the embodiment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bi-static system for polling a backscatter transponder TP according to the invention.
  • a signal 1 eg CW, FMCW
  • the signal is emitted by a transmitter (interrogator) comprising as essential elements a signal source SQ and an antenna TX.
  • the signal is modulated (with OOM) as described in order to impose a predefined information content, and is reflected back as a response signal 10 to a receiver which processes the information content provided via the modulation.
  • the receiver comprises, in addition to the antenna RX, a detector DEC for demodulating the received signal and further standard components PROC for signal processing.
  • the receiver comprises a bandpass filter BP, as explained, to limit the signal processing to the frequency lines used for tapering.

Landscapes

  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion de micro-ondes présentant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - il comprend une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants (AE1-AE4) qui forment un réseau mono-dimensionnel ou bidimensionnel (AR),
    - des moyens (MOD1, MOD2, SPDT1-SPDT4) sont prévus pour moduler l'impédance des éléments rayonnants (AE1-AE4),
    - les éléments rayonnants (AE1-AE4) sont répartis en plusieurs groupes en fonction de leur position dans le réseau (AR), dans lequel une modulation uniforme de l'impédance, qui se distingue des modulations des autres groupes, est appliquée aux éléments rayonnants de chaque groupe (AE1, AE4 ; AE2, AE3)
    - dans lequel l'association d'une modulation particulière à l'un des groupes est sélectionnée de manière à obtenir un fenêtrage conformément auquel les niveaux de signal des éléments rayonnants (AE1, AE4) situés sur les bords du réseau (AR) diminuent par rapport à ceux des éléments rayonnants (AE2, AE3) situés au centre du réseau pour permettre une suppression des lobes latéraux,
    caractérisé en ce que les modulations appliquées aux groupes individuels sont conçues sous forme de modulations en tout ou rien, dans lequel les modulations en tout ou rien comprennent une commutation entre une terminaison non réfléchissante (LOAD) et une terminaison entièrement réfléchissante (REFL).
  2. Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion de micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les modulations appliquées aux groupes individuels diffèrent par le rapport entre le temps d'activation et le temps de désactivation de la modulation en tout ou rien.
  3. Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion de micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les modulations en tout ou rien sont effectuées en faisant commuter en continu un commutateur (SPDT1-SPDT4) associé à chaque élément rayonnant (AE1-AE4) entre la terminaison non réfléchissante (LOAD) et la terminaison entièrement réfléchissante (REFL).
  4. Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion de micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fonction de fenêtrage est symétrique par rapport au centre du réseau.
  5. Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion de micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, en ce qu'une fonction de Dolph-Chebyshev ou une fonction binominale est appliquée en tant que fonction de fenêtrage.
EP17000107.7A 2017-01-23 2017-01-23 Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion par micro-ondes Active EP3352298B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17000107.7A EP3352298B1 (fr) 2017-01-23 2017-01-23 Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion par micro-ondes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17000107.7A EP3352298B1 (fr) 2017-01-23 2017-01-23 Transpondeur à rétrodiffusion par micro-ondes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3352298A1 EP3352298A1 (fr) 2018-07-25
EP3352298B1 true EP3352298B1 (fr) 2019-03-06

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EP (1) EP3352298B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK3604131T3 (da) * 2018-07-31 2024-06-17 Hensoldt Sensors Gmbh System og fremgangsmåde til detektion af flyvebevægelser

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4684952A (en) * 1982-09-24 1987-08-04 Ball Corporation Microstrip reflectarray for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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