EP3350533B1 - Recoil-damping device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a recoil damping device for a firearm, in particular for attachment to or in a buttstock of the firearm, preferably a handgun, with a rear part and a front part, which are against the force of at least one damping element against each other movable, wherein acting between the rear part and front part Locking device is provided which blocks in a blocking position, a relative movement between the rear part and front part and in a release position, a relative movement between the rear part and front part permits a triggerable by means of shock pulse trigger element is provided which holds the locking device in the blocking position in a holding position and in an active Position releases the locking device in the release position.

Devices for damping a recoil acting on a shooter as a result of firing a firearm are known in the art. These devices are designed, on the one hand, to dampen recoil as effectively as possible in order to avoid or reduce injury or at least inconvenience to the shooter and, on the other hand, to obtain accurate target detection by the shooter before delivering a shot and while delivering a shot sequence , For the target detection is a rigid before the firing formation of the recoil damping device low.

The US 2002/0053156 A1 discloses a firearm having a recoil damping device and a locking device. The locking device allows the effect, in particular a compression, of the recoil damping device only after a pulse accelerated by a shot releases a lock. In this way, inadvertent compression of the recoil damping device prior to actuation of the trigger while targeting a target is prevented. The recoil-damping device, which has a damping spring, and the locking device are arranged between a rear and a front shaft part, which are mutually displaceable. The locking device has ball detents, in which Balls in recesses engage in a rod connected to the front shaft portion and a sleeve connected to the rear shaft portion to lock the compression or to disengage to allow compression. A disadvantage of this construction is that the momentum weight to release the lock must overcome a frictional resistance occurring as a result of its sliding movement, so that the overcoming of a relatively high frictional resistance is required for a reliable triggering of the damping effect.
The US 2006/0096148 A1 relates to a system for recoil damping for hunting or sporting weapons, with a locking device, which prevents compression of a damping device before triggering a shot. The locking device and the damping means effecting the recoil damping, in particular of a hydraulic nature, are arranged between a rear shaft part made of soft material and a front shaft part which is displaceable on the other hand. The locking device has slot openings in the rear shaft part and engaging therein resilient locking elements in the front shaft part. Due to this type locking connection but disadvantageously a comparatively large shock pulse is required to solve the blocking connection, whereby the target of recoil damping for the user is only partially achieved.
It is an object of the invention to provide a recoil damping device as stated above, which avoids or at least reduces the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the recoil damping device should ensure a reliable and smooth or low-friction triggering of the damping effect even during prolonged use. The device should also be inexpensive to produce and easy to maintain and clean.
This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the triggering element and at least one Part of the locking device formed as a result of the shock pulse pivotable about a pivot axis. The recoil-damping device has a rear part and a movable against this, in particular displaceable front part, wherein between the rear part and the front part a damping element is provided. When the rear part is fastened in a rear part of the shaft and / or the weapon itself which is in the position of use of the firearm of the shoulder of a shooter, the front part is in a front part of the gun remote from the shoulder of a shooter in the position of use of the firearm Shafts integrated. On the other hand, the recoil damping device can be attached with its front part on the rear, in the position of use of the firearm of the shoulder of a shooter near part of the shaft of the weapon, so that a firearm can be retrofitted in a simple way with the recoil damping device.
Between the rear part and the front part, the damping element for damping the recoil of the fired firearm and a locking device are provided which blocks a relative movement between the rear part and front part in a blocking position and in a release position relative movement between the rear part and front part and thus allows the recoil damping effect. In order to keep the locking device during the sighting and the firing of a target in the blocking position and to allow a passage of the locking device into the release position only after a firing, a trigger element is provided which holds between a holding position in which the trigger element, the locking device in the blocking position , And an active position in which the trigger element releases the locking device for the transition to the release position, is movable. The triggering element and at least a portion of the locking device are in this case according to the invention designed to pivot in order to pivot in a simple manner in the release position as a result of a shock pulse, ie in particular as a result of the recoil of the fired firearm. Such a design of the triggering element and / or a part of the locking device as a pivoting element ensures a reliable, relatively rapid transition from the holding position to the active position. By the triggering element and at least a portion of the locking device are easily mounted, pivoting overcoming only a minimal frictional resistance, a reliable blockage and release of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part is achieved. Preferably, the locking device is in this case designed in the manner of a toggle lever, whereby a stable positioning in the locked position is ensured. The occurrence of a comparatively small shock pulse is sufficient in this case, however, to release the locking device from the locked position. Instead of such pivotable components are known from the prior art interlocking, a wear underlying components, or along large, possibly contaminated bearing surfaces sliding triggering known.
Overall, this results in a cost-producible, even in continuous operation reliable and easy to maintain device for recoil damping of a firearm, especially a handgun or long gun.
The terms rear and rear describe a position on the recoil damping device or on the firearm, which is closer to the shoulder of a firearm firing shooter than a position described by the terms front or front, ie the muzzle side of the firearm.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the blocking position of the locking device, the triggering element, in a contact region, with the locking device to form a line contact or point contact in engagement. In this way, the contact surface or the contact area between the triggering element located in the holding position and the locking device is kept as small as possible, so that the trigger element and the locking device with little effort from the mutual engagement can solve when the trigger element, on the locking device adjacent, moved from the holding position to the active position. Of course, the terms line contact and point contact include areal contact areas which, in accordance with their small dimensions in one or all directions of extension, form a line or describe a point shape.

For a particularly smooth or low-friction solution of the engagement between the trigger element and the locking device, it is favorable if the line contact or point contact by means of at least one, preferably by means of two opposing, rotatably mounted, is formed around a respective axis of rotation in the circumferential direction circular elements.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment can be provided that the rotatably mounted elements on the trigger element and / or arranged on the locking device rollers and / or balls. The arrangement of at least one roller or ball is inexpensive and allows a reliable solution of the trigger element from engagement with the locking device. A single rotatably mounted element can thus roll on the respective opposite trigger element or the respective opposite locking device without appreciable frictional resistance. In the preferred case, each of a rotatably mounted element on the trigger element and on the locking device, each of the rotatably mounted elements rolls on each opposite rotatably mounted element.

A further embodiment may provide that the locking device comprises a receiving element, in particular a recess in the front part / rear part, and a in the blocking position in the receiving element engaging, mounted on the rear part / front part pivot arm, which is in the blocking position with the trigger element engaged. The receiving element is thus displaceable in the active position of the triggering element with respect to the pivoting arm, while the receiving element in the holding position of the triggering element holds the pivoting arm in a fixed position. The receiving element, which may be formed as a recess, recess, projection or the like, is shaped to achieve a solution of the pivot arm from the engagement with the receiving element when the trigger element, in particular by the shock pulse, passes from the holding position to the active position , Preferably, the receiving element has an inclined contact surface for engagement with the swivel arm, so that when it is no longer by the trigger element in the blocking position is held, passes through the recoil and thereby displacing relative to the pivoting arm inclined contact surface in the release position. The locking device may also be constructed so that the pivot arm releases by gravity from the engagement with the receiving element when it is no longer held by the trigger element in the blocking position.

For a particularly low-friction transition from the locking position to the release position and back, it is advantageous if the pivot arm for engaging in the receiving element, in particular the recess, preferably at its end facing the receiving element provided for line contact or point contact with the trigger element rotatably mounted Element, in particular the role or ball has. By means of the rotatably mounted element, the pivoting arm can roll on those surfaces with which it engages during the relative movement between the rear part and the front part, in particular on the receiving element.

In order to avoid unwanted relative movement between the rear part and the front part before a firing, in particular during the sighting of a target, it is advantageous if the trigger element is biased by a first biasing member in the holding position. The locking device is thereby reliably held in the locked position, even if the firearm is moved according to the usual use. The biasing element may be a spring element. As an alternative to a spring element, the trigger element could be biased by means of a magnetic device in the holding position. For this purpose, a first magnetic element on the trigger element and a second or the same magnetically polarized second magnetic element could be arranged close to the first magnetic element and externally to the trigger element.

So that the swivel arm automatically transitions again from the release position into the blocking position after recoil damping, it can be provided that the swivel arm is prestressed into the blocking position by means of a second pretensioning element. The second biasing member may, for example, a spring element or be a magnetic device. Alternatively, the pivot arm can be returned by the trigger element in the blocking position when the trigger element is biased into the holding position.

Thus, the triggering element automatically moves due to the shock pulse, in particular as a result of the firing caused by the recoil from the holding position to the active position, it is advantageous if the trigger element is pivotable about a pivot axis and above and below the pivot axis has different mass , For example, the triggering element may have a higher mass above / below the pivot axis than opposite thereto below / above the pivot axis. In particular, the triggering element can have different mass moments of inertia above and below the pivot axis. Due to the different masses with respect to a pivoting of the arranged above the pivot axis portion of the trigger element compared to arranged below the pivot axis portion of the trigger element, the carrier portion performs a delayed movement in the recoil direction as a result of the shock pulse, whereby the trigger element pivots about the pivot axis. In particular, the sluggish portion tends to maintain its position immediately after firing with respect to a fixed external point of fire remote from the firearm, while the remainder of the firearm impulsively moves against the shooter as a result of the firing. The weight of the trigger element or of the above and below the pivot axis arranged portion is favorably chosen to be large enough to reliably overcome a, albeit small, the movement of the trigger element counteracting frictional resistance. Conveniently, the trigger element is mounted as low friction.

If both the trigger element and the pivot arm each have a rotatably mounted element, in particular a roller or ball and are arranged in the holding position of the trigger element, the pivot axis of the trigger element and the two axes of rotation of the rotatably mounted elements in a line, the pivot arm is reliable in the locking position held when the trigger element is in the holding position. About that In addition, the engagement between the pivot arm and the receiving element can be achieved with little effort by rolling the rotatably mounted elements on each other as a result of the shock pulse.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, it may be provided that the triggering element is designed as a retarding element which is displaceable essentially in the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part. The trigger element has a sufficiently high weight so that it maintains its position as a result of the shock pulse immediately after a firing with respect to a fixed, external to the firearm reference point, while the rest of the firearm, in particular the locking device as a result of the firing impetus against the Sagittarius moves. Due to this displacement between the trigger element and the locking device, the trigger element assumes its active position. The triggering element can be arranged to be displaceable parallel to the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part or at an acute angle to this direction.

A particularly low-friction guidance of the movement sequence of the triggering element is ensured if the triggering element is accommodated in a guide sleeve such that it can be swiveled and displaced, at least with a part-spherical end region. The triggering element can thus be displaced both along the guide sleeve, the axis of which runs essentially in the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part, and also pivot about the axis of the guide sleeve. The pivoting movements are made possible by the part-spherical end region, or in general an at least partially rounded end region of the triggering element. In particular, the part-spherical end region together with a corresponding counter-body can form a gimbal bearing displaceably received in the guide sleeve. The slidable and pivotable design of the trigger element ensures a reliable engagement with the locking device, in particular the pivot arm, and a reliable transition between the holding position and the active position. In addition, manufacturing tolerances, without a swivel possibility to jamming of the Tripping element in the guide sleeve could be compensated.

In order to reliably bias the triggering element into the holding position, it is particularly favorable when the first biasing element is received in the guide sleeve. The first biasing element may for example be accommodated between an end region of the guide sleeve and the part-spherical end region of the triggering element or the cardanic bearing.

In an expedient embodiment it can be provided that both the trigger element and the pivot arm each have a rotatably mounted element, in particular a roller or ball, and their axes of rotation, in the holding position of the trigger element, in line with a rotation axis of an additional rotatably mounted element , In particular a roller or ball, are arranged, which additional element of the contact point between the rotatably mounted elements of the trigger element and the pivot arm is opposite to the rotatably mounted element of the trigger element in engagement. By means of this line arrangement, the pivot arm is reliably held in the blocking position when the trigger element is in the holding position. In addition, the engagement between the pivot arm and the receiving element can be achieved with little effort by the trigger element shifts relative to the locking device due to the shock pulse and roll the rotatably mounted elements of the trigger element, the pivot arm and the additional element to each other.

For a reliable transition of the arranged between the rotatably mounted elements of the pivoting arm and the additional element triggering element from the holding position to the active position, it is advantageous if a displacement of the biased by the first biasing element trigger element, at the position of the line arrangement of the axes of rotation persistent limiting device is provided. As a limiting device, a displacement of the trigger element limiting pin can be provided. Conveniently, the (threaded) pin can be made adjustable in its position.

For a friction-guided relative movement between the rear part and the front part can advantageously be provided that the relative movement between the rear part and front part leading guide rollers are provided. In this way, no sliding surfaces between the rear part and front part are required, which could affect or even block the relative movement, for example due to contamination or wear.

In addition, it may be advantageous if the guide rollers are mounted on the rear part / front part and engage in guide grooves or guide rails in or on the front part / rear part. By the guide rollers are for example designed as wheels and run along in the guide grooves or formed as rollers with a groove in the circumferential direction in which groove engage the guide rails, the relative movement between the rear part and the front part can be performed very precisely.

To achieve the highest possible damping effect, it is expedient if the rear part or the front part has a longitudinal, extending in the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and front part recess, in which acting on the front part with one end on the rear part and with the other end Damping element is added. The arrangement of the damping element in the recess, the damping element is securely held in position. The depression is advantageously parallel or at least at an acute angle as possible to the direction of the relative movement between the rear part and the front part.

In a particularly simple embodiment, the damping element may be a spring, in particular a helical spring.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform der rückstoßdämpfenden Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in einem Ruhezustand;
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Seitenansicht der ersten Ausführungsform in einem Zustand des Übergangs in einen Dämpfungsvorgang;
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht der ersten Ausführungsform in einem Zustand am Ende des Dämpfungsvorgangs;
• Fig. 4 eine geschnittene Seitenansicht der ersten Ausführungsform im Ruhezustand der rückstoßdämpfenden Vorrichtung;
• Fig. 5 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform der rückstoßdämpfenden Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in einem Ruhezustand;
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht der zweiten Ausführungsform in einem Zustand des Übergangs in einen Dämpfungsvorgang; und
• Fig. 7 eine schematische Seitenansicht der zweiten Ausführungsform in einem Zustand am Ende des Dämpfungsvorgangs.

The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments, to which it should not be limited, however. In the drawings show:

• Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a first embodiment of the recoil damping device according to the invention in a resting state;
• Fig. 2 a schematic side view of the first embodiment in a state of transition into a damping process;
• Fig. 3 a schematic side view of the first embodiment in a state at the end of the damping process;
• Fig. 4 a sectional side view of the first embodiment in the resting state of the recoil damping device;
• Fig. 5 a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the recoil damping device according to the invention in a resting state;
• Fig. 6 a schematic side view of the second embodiment in a state of transition into a damping process; and
• Fig. 7 a schematic side view of the second embodiment in a state at the end of the damping process.

Fig. 1 shows a recoil damping device 1 for a firearm, for attachment to or in a not shown, the plant of the firearm on the shoulder of a shooter serving butt stock of the firearm. The recoil damping device 1 has a rear part 2 and a front part 3, which against the force of a damping element 4, in the present embodiment of a coil spring, against each other are movable. The rear part 2, which is farther than the front part 3 from the barrel of the firearm, and the front part 3 can be installed in a mutually displaceable parts of the firearm buttstock. Alternatively, if the firearm, for example, does not have a buttstock consisting of mutually displaceable parts, it can be retrofitted with the recoil damping device 1 by mounting the front part 3 at the rear end of the rear shaft. Between the rear part 2 and the front part 3, a locking device 5 is provided which in an in Fig. 1 illustrated blocking position a relative movement between Hind part 2 and front part 3 blocked and in one in Fig. 3 shown release position allows a relative movement between the rear part 2 and front part 3. In the resting state of the firearm, as long as no shot is fired, the locking device 5 is in the blocking position to prevent inadvertent compression of the damping element 4. The locking device 5 has an angled, substantially L-shaped pivot arm 6 with a pivot axis 6a and a receiving element 7, in particular a recess on. While the receiving element 7 is formed in or on the front part 3, the pivot arm 6 is mounted by means of the pivot axis 6a on the rear part 2 and engages in the locking position in the receiving element 7 a. For the engagement in the receiving element 7, the pivot arm 6 at its receiving element 7 facing the end 6b a rotatably mounted, about its axis of rotation 8b in the circumferential direction circular element 8, in particular a roller or ball 8a on. At the other end 6c of the pivot arm 6 is connected to a second biasing element 9, for example a spring, whereby the pivot arm 6 is biased in the blocking position. The receiving element 7 has a sloping surface or edge 7a along which the roller or ball 8a of the pivoting arm 6 can roll.

In order to be able to release the locking device 5 as a result of the delivery of a shot from the blocking position, a trigger element 10 which can be activated by means of a shock pulse is provided, which in an in Fig. 1 holding position shown holding the locking device 5 in the locked position and in an in Fig. 2 and 3 shown active position releases the transition of the locking device 5 in the release position. In order to achieve the smoothest possible transition from the locking position to the release position, both at least part of the locking device 5, in particular the pivot arm 6, and the triggering element 10 are formed pivotable as a result of the triggered by the recoil of the fired firearm shock pulse. The trigger element 10 has for this purpose a pivot axis 10a. So that the trigger element 10 pivots automatically as a result of the shock pulse, it has above and below the pivot axis 10a different mass, ie, the center of mass of the trigger element 10 is either above or below the Pivot axis 10 a arranged. The different mass with respect to a pivoting of the above the pivot axis 10a arranged portion 10b of the trigger element 10 in comparison to the arranged below the pivot axis 10a portion 10c of the trigger element 10 can be achieved by different weight and / or different shape of the two parts 10b, 10c. It is essential that the laxer share, in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 3 the upper portion 10b, performs a delayed movement in the recoil direction R as a result of the shock pulse, whereby the trigger element 10 is pivoted about the pivot axis 10a in the active position and thereby releases the locking device 5. So that the trigger element 10 automatically returns to its original holding position after recoil damping, the trigger element 10 by means of a first biasing member 11, see Fig. 4 , pretensioned in the holding position. For a smooth to be produced and redissolved engagement of the trigger element 10 with the locking device 5, in particular the pivot arm 6, the trigger element 10 is in the blocking position of the locking device 5, in a contact region 12, with the locking device 5 to form a line contact or point contact engaged , The line contact or point contact is by means of a rotatably mounted, about its axis of rotation 13b in the circumferential direction circular element 13, in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 4 a roller or ball 13a, and formed by means of the opposite role or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6. On the one hand to hold the pivot arm 6 by means of the trigger element 10 reliably in the locked position and on the other hand to be able to easily solve the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7 are in the holding position of the trigger element 10, the pivot axis 10a of the trigger element 10 and the two axes of rotation 8b, 13b of the rollers or balls 8a, 13a arranged in a line.

For a friction-guided relative movement between the rear part 2 and the front part 3 mounted on the rear part 3 guide rollers 13d, 13e and 13f are provided, which engage in guide grooves or guide rails 14a, 14b in or on the front part 3.

As well as from the Fig. 1 to 4 it can be seen, the front part 3 a longitudinal, in the direction X of the relative movement between the rear part 2 and front part 3 extending recess or recess 15, in which the one end 16a on the rear part 2 and the other end 16b on the front part acting damping element 4 is added. The recess 15 extends parallel to the direction X of the relative movement.

In the Fig. 1 and 4 the recoil damping device 1 is shown at rest, in which the locking device 5 is in the locked position and is held by the trigger element 10 in the blocking position, so that no relative movement between the rear part 2 and front part 3 takes place.

Fig. 2 shows the recoil damping device 1 in the transition to a damping process as a result of firing. Due to the shock pulse caused in the recoil direction R by the firing, the entire firearm is pushed backwards substantially only with the exception of the sluggish upper portion 10b of the trigger element 10, so that the trigger element 10 is pivoted from the holding position to the active position and in this case on the roller or ball 8a of the swing arm 6 rolls. As soon as the upper portion 10 b of the trigger element 10 is sufficiently pivoted in the direction of the front part 3 to release the engagement between the trigger element 10 and the pivot arm 6, the transition of the locking device 5 is released to the release position.

Fig. 3 shows the recoil damping device 1 in a state at the end of the damping process. After the transition of the locking device 5 has been released in the release position of the trigger element 10, the roller or ball 8a of the swing arm 6 rolls on the inclined surface or edge 7a of the receiving element 7 and the front part 3 is against the rear part supported by the shooter's shoulder 2 moves, wherein the damping element 4 is compressed. Thereafter, the damping element 4 relaxes again, whereby the front part 3 moves away from the rear part 2 and the pivot arm 6 comes into engagement with the receiving element 7 and the triggering element 10.

The Fig. 5 to 7 relate to a second embodiment of the recoil damping device 1, which differs only partially from the first embodiment, so that the description of the second embodiment is essentially focused on the differences from the first embodiment. Particularly advantageous in this second embodiment is the comparatively short construction, which in particular allows retrofitting to existing rear shanks. In addition, this embodiment has a lower number of parts, which cost advantages can be achieved in production.

Fig. 5 shows the recoil damping device 1 in the resting state of the firearm. The recoil damping device 1 has a rear part 2 and a front part 3, which are mutually movable against the force of a damping element 4, in particular a helical spring. Between the rear part 2 and the front part 3, a locking device 5 is also provided, which in the in Fig. 5 blocked position shown a relative movement between the rear part 2 and front 3 blocked and in an in Fig. 7 shown release position allows a relative movement between the rear part 2 and front part 3. The locking device 5 has a substantially rectilinearly formed pivot arm 6 with a pivot axis 6a and a receiving element 7, in particular a recess on. The pivot arm 6 is mounted by means of the pivot axis 6a on the front part 3 and engages in the locking position in the formed in or on the rear part 2 receiving element 7 a. For this engagement, the pivot arm 6 at its the receiving element 7 facing the end 6b a rotatably mounted, about its axis of rotation 8b in the circumferential direction circular element 8, in particular a roller or ball 8a, on. The receiving element 7 has a sloping surface or edge 7a along which the roller or ball 8a of the pivoting arm 6 can roll.

In order to be able to release the blocking device 5 from the blocking position, a triggering element 10 which can be activated by means of a shock pulse is provided, which in the in Fig. 5 holding position shown holds the locking device 5 in the locked position and in the in Fig. 6 and 7 shown active position releases the transition of the locking device 5 in the release position. The trigger element 10 is formed as a delay element which is displaceable at an acute angle α of preferably at most 20 °, in particular at most 10 ° substantially in the direction X of the relative movement between the rear part 2 and front part 3. For a reliable displacement between the holding position and the active position, the trigger element 10 is received in a guide sleeve 17 and biased by a first biasing member 11 in the holding position. In the blocking position of the locking device 5, the trigger element 10, in a contact region 12, with the locking device 5 to form a line contact or point contact is engaged. For this purpose, the triggering element 10 has a rotatably mounted, about a rotational axis 13b in the circumferential direction circular element 13, in particular a roller or ball 13a, which the roller or ball 8a of the pivot arm 6 is opposite. To one hand, the pivot arm 6 by means of the trigger element 10 reliably in the locked position, ie to keep in engagement with the receiving element 7 and on the other hand to solve the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7 easily, are in the holding position of the trigger element 10, the axis of rotation 8b of the roller or ball 8a, the axis of rotation 13b of the roller or ball 13a and the axis of rotation 18b of an additional rotatably mounted element 18, in particular a roller or ball 18a, arranged in a line. Thus, the trigger element 10 can force the pivot arm 6 reliably into engagement with the receiving element 7, is the additional element 18 of the contact point 12 between the rotatably mounted elements 8, 13 of the trigger element 10 and the pivot arm 6 opposite to the rotatably mounted element 13 of the trigger element 10 in engagement. In addition, a setting or limiting device 19 is provided with a set screw 19a, which stops the displacement of the biased release element 10 at the position of the line arrangement of the axes of rotation 8b, 13b 18b. By positioning the adjusting screw 19a, the position of the roller 13a relative to the roller 8a can be fixed in the blocking position. As in Fig. 5 Here, the orientation of the rotation axis 13a with respect to the axes of rotation 8b and 18b are chosen such that the axis of rotation 13a is not arranged on an imaginary connecting lines of the axes of rotation 8b, 18b, but a little closer to the front end of the front part 3 is arranged. This results a slight shortening of the necessary for transfer to the release position path between trigger element 10 and pivot arm 6, so that - for a particularly efficient damping of the recoil - a transfer to the release position is even faster.

For a reliable rolling movement of the roller or ball 13a on the rollers or balls 8a, 18a, see Fig. 6 and 7 , The trigger element 10 is also received in a pivotable manner with a part-spherical end portion 20 in the guide sleeve 17. In particular, the part-spherical end region 20, together with a corresponding counter-body 21, forms a gimbal bearing 22, which is received displaceably in the guide sleeve 17.

Fig. 6 shows the in Fig. 5 illustrated recoil damping device 1 at the transition to a damping process as a result of firing. Due to the shock pulse caused by the firing in the recoil direction R, the entire firearm is pushed backwards substantially only with the exception of the inert trigger element 10 or retardation element, so that the trigger element 10 shifts from the holding position to the active position and in this case on the roller or ball 8a of the pivoting arm 6 and rolls on the roller or ball 18a. As soon as the trigger element 10 is sufficiently displaced in the direction of the front part 3, the engagement between the pivot arm 6 and the receiving element 7 is released and thus the transition of the locking device 5 is released into the release position.

Fig. 7 shows the in Fig. 5 shown recoil damping device 1 in a state at the end of the damping process. After the transition of the locking device 5 has been released in the release position of the trigger element 10, the roller or ball 8a of the swing arm 6 rolls on a surface 23 of the rear part 2 and the front part 3 is moved against the rear part 2, wherein the damping element 4 is compressed. Thereafter, the damping element 4 relaxes again, whereby the front part 3 moves away from the rear part 2 and the pivot arm 6 comes into engagement with the receiving element 7. Im in the Fig. 5 to 7 illustrated embodiment, the rollers or balls 8a, 13a, 18a are preferably constantly in mutual engagement.

Like that Fig. 5 to 7 can be clearly seen, the damping element 4 is arranged laterally from the trigger element 10, substantially parallel to the trigger element 10. In contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 4 , in which the damping element 4 and the trigger element 10 are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the firearm, the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 7 a particularly compact construction of the recoil damping device 1. Therefore, a recoil damping device 1 according to the embodiment of the Fig. 5 to 7 especially suitable for attachment to a buttstock and thus for retrofitting the firearm.

Claims (15)

1. Recoil damping device (1) for a firearm, in particular for fastening on or in a buttstock of the firearm, preferably a small arm, comprising a rear part (2) and a front part (3) which can be moved counter to one another against the force of at least one damping element (4), a locking mechanism (5) being provided which acts between the rear part (2) and the front part (3) and which, in a locking position, blocks a relative movement between the rear part (2) and the front part (3) and, in a release position, allows a relative movement between the rear part (2) and the front part (3), a trigger element (10) being provided which can be activated by means of a shock pulse and, in a holding position, holds the locking mechanism (5) in the locking position and, in an active position, releases the locking mechanism (5) into the release position, characterised in that the release element (10) and at least one part of the locking mechanism (5) are designed so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis (10a, 6a) as a result of the shock pulse.
2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that, in the locking position of the locking mechanism (5), the trigger element (10) is in engagement with the locking mechanism (5) in a contact region (12) so as to form linear contact or point contact, the linear contact or point contact preferably being formed by at least one, preferably by means of two, mutually opposite, circumferentially circular element(s) (8, 13), which is/are mounted so as to be rotatable about a particular axis of rotation (8b, 13b).
3. Device (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the rotatably mounted elements (8, 13) arranged on the trigger element (10) and/or on the locking mechanism (5) are rollers and/or spheres (8a, 13a).
4. Device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the locking mechanism (5) comprises a receiving element (7), in particular a recess in the front part (3) / rear part (2), and a pivot arm (6) which, in the locking position, engages in the receiving element (7) and is mounted on the rear part (2) / front part (3) and, in the locking position, is in engagement with the trigger element (10).
5. Device (1) according to claim 3 and claim 4, characterised in that, for engagement in the receiving element (7), in particular in the recess, the pivot arm (6) preferably comprises, on its end facing the receiving element (7), the rotatably mounted element (8), in particular the roller or the sphere (8a), which is provided for linear contact or point contact with the trigger element (10).
6. Device (1) according to any of clams 1 to 5, characterised in that the trigger element (10) is preloaded in the holding position by means of a first preloading element (11).
7. Device (1) according to either claim 4 or claim 5, characterised in that the pivot arm (6) is preloaded in the locking position by means of a second preloading element (9).
8. Device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the trigger element (10) can be pivoted about a pivot axis (10a) and has different masses above and below the pivot axis (10a).
9. Device (1) according to claim 5 and claim 8, characterised in that both the trigger element (10) and the pivot arm (6) each comprise a rotatably mounted element (13, 8), in particular a roller or sphere (13a, 8a), and, in the holding position of the trigger element (10), the pivot axis (10a) of the trigger element (10) and the two axes of rotation (13b, 8b) of the rotatably mounted elements (13, 8) are arranged in a line.
10. Device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the trigger element (10) is designed as a delay element, which can be displaced substantially in the direction (X) of the relative movement between the rear part (2) and the front part (3), at least a partially spherical end region (20) of the trigger element (10) preferably being pivotally and displaceably received in a guide sleeve (17).
11. Device (1) according to claim 6 and claim 10, characterised in that the first preloading element (11) is received in the guide sleeve (17).
12. Device (1) according to claim 5 and one of claims 10 and 11, characterised in that both the trigger element (10) and the pivot arm (6) each comprise a rotatably mounted element (13, 8), in particular a roller or a sphere (13a, 8a), and, in the holding position of the trigger element (10), the axes of rotation (13b, 8b) thereof are arranged in a line together with an axis of rotation (18b) of an additional rotatably mounted element (18), in particular a roller or a sphere (18a), which additional element (18), located opposite the contact position (12) between the rotatably mounted elements (13, 8) of the trigger element (10) and the pivot arm (6), is in engagement with the rotatably mounted element (13) of the trigger element (10).
13. Device (1) according to claim 6 and claim 12, characterised in that a limiting device (19) is provided which stops the displacement of the trigger element (10), which is preloaded by the first preloading element (11), to the position of the linear arrangement of the axes of rotation (8b, 13b, 18b).
14. Device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that guide rollers (13d, 13e, 13f) are provided which guide the relative movement between the rear part (2) and the front part (3), the guide rollers (13d, 13e, 13f) preferably being mounted on the rear part (2) / front part (3) and engaging in guide channels or guide rails (14a, 14b) in or on the front part (3) / rear part (2).
15. Device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the rear part (2) or the front part (3) has a longitudinally oriented depression (15) which extends in the direction (X) of the relative movement between the rear part (2) and the front part (3) and in which the damping element (4) is received, one end (16a) of which damping element acts on the rear part (2) and the other end (16b) of which damping element acts on the front part (3).

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