EP3349232A1 - Elektromechanisches schütz - Google Patents

Elektromechanisches schütz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3349232A1
EP3349232A1 EP17151115.7A EP17151115A EP3349232A1 EP 3349232 A1 EP3349232 A1 EP 3349232A1 EP 17151115 A EP17151115 A EP 17151115A EP 3349232 A1 EP3349232 A1 EP 3349232A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
pole
actuating
contactor
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17151115.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3349232B1 (de
Inventor
Alain Portier
Hugo GUILHEM-DUCLEON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP17151115.7A priority Critical patent/EP3349232B1/de
Publication of EP3349232A1 publication Critical patent/EP3349232A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3349232B1 publication Critical patent/EP3349232B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/50—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electromechanical contactors, particularly, but not exclusively, adapted to the protection of high voltage electrical installations such as, for example, those used in rail transport networks.
  • Known electromechanical contactors usually comprise at least one fixed pole and at least one mobile pole. These poles are in contact to let the current flow and are separated to interrupt it.
  • An electromechanical actuator is usually used to move the movable contact to separate it from the fixed contact. An electric arc is created between the two contacts, which must be turned off as efficiently as possible.
  • Electromagnetic blowing results from the effect of the Lorentz force produced by a magnetic field on the electric arc, the magnetic field can be created by a permanent magnet or by a coil traversed by a current of intensity adapted to the effect research.
  • the effectiveness of these electromagnetic blowing devices depends greatly on the quality of the synchronization between the beginning of the separation of the contacts, and therefore of the appearance of the electric arc, and the beginning of the blowing effect.
  • the known devices in particular those which make the start of the supply of the supply coil dependent on the moment when the electromechanical actuator ceases to be supplied with current to allow the opening of the contactor, has the disadvantage of not being perfectly synchronized with the actual beginning of the opening of the contactor, and thus with the appearance of the electric arc. Indeed, there may be a variable delay, depending on various factors such as the characteristics of certain accessories mounted on the contactor, or the values of the main voltage within its normalized variation range, the ambient temperature , etc., between the moment when the current is interrupted in the electromechanical actuator of the one or more movable contacts, and the moment when the mobile contact or contacts actually start to separate from the one or more fixed contacts.
  • the present invention aims to solve all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above, by causing the triggering of the electromagnetic blowout to depend on the precise moment when the mobile and fixed contacts begin to separate.
  • the present invention relates to an electromechanical contactor for interrupting or passing a first direct current in a first circuit, the electromechanical contactor comprising at least one fixed pole and at least one mobile pole and an actuating means of the electromechanical contactor.
  • the electromechanical contactor comprising at least one fixed pole and at least one mobile pole and an actuating means of the electromechanical contactor.
  • the actuating means comprising a moving part and an actuating coil, and being configured to separate or put into contact the at least one mobile pole and the at least one fixed pole
  • the electromechanical contactor also comprising at least one coil and a detector configured to detect the instant of separation of the at least one fixed pole and the at least one mobile pole and a trigger is configured to trigger with the at least one coil a magnetic field of blowing the at least one electric arc generated between the at least one fixed pole and the at least one mobile pole from the moment of their separation.
  • the blowing is triggered substantially simultaneously at the moment of separation between the at least one fixed pole and the at least one mobile pole.
  • the trigger is configured to trigger a magnetic field with the discharge of a capacitor in the at least one coil.
  • the direction of the discharge current of the capacitor in the at least one coil is determined by a device for detecting the direction of the current in the electromechanical contactor.
  • the electric arc will be blown by the magnetic field of the at least one coil always in the same direction, regardless of the direction of the current in the electromechanical contactor.
  • the detector is a position sensor of the actuating means of the at least one mobile pole.
  • the position sensor is a photoelectric sensor, in particular a transmissive light-switch, configured to cooperate with the mobile part of the actuating means so as to determine the instant of the separation of the at least one mobile pole and at least one fixed pole.
  • the detector is a signal processing means configured to detect the moment when the intensity in the actuating coil reaches a minimum value after the cancellation of the voltage across the terminals of the coil. actuation.
  • the time of separation is determined by applying a predetermined delay at the moment when the intensity in the actuating coil reaches a minimum value after the cancellation of the voltage across the coil actuating.
  • the contactor represented on the figure 1 is inserted between the terminals 1, 2 of a main circuit supplied with voltages which may be between 0 and 3000 V, preferably between 0 and 1500 V, the dimensions of which make it possible to inscribe the contactor inside a rectangular parallelepiped of about 350 mm in length, by 250 mm in width, and 70 mm in thickness, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • voltages which may be between 0 and 3000 V, preferably between 0 and 1500 V, the dimensions of which make it possible to inscribe the contactor inside a rectangular parallelepiped of about 350 mm in length, by 250 mm in width, and 70 mm in thickness, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the contactor according to the embodiment of the invention described in detail below is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry passing through the axis AA 'shown in FIG. figure 1 and perpendicular to the cutting plane of the figure 1 .
  • the description below may not systematically detail the configuration of the contactor on each side of this plane of symmetry, but the skilled person will understand that all that is described on one side of this plane is identically found on the other side.
  • the contactor comprises an electromechanical breaking member provided with a movable contact support 3 and a fixed contact support 4, 5 on each side of the aforementioned plane of symmetry.
  • the movable contact support is a bridge which moves in translation in the direction of the arrow 6 indicated on the figure 1 ; this bridge carries two contact pads 31, 32, which will be called poles 31, 32 in the following description; the poles 31, 32, depending on the position of the movable contact support, establish or interrupt the contact with two corresponding poles 41, 51 situated respectively on the two fixed contact supports.
  • Each fixed contact support 4, 5 is electrically connected to a terminal of the main circuit 1, 2 by a first end. At the other end of each fixed contact support, in its extension, is positioned an electric arc guide 7, 8, of conductive material.
  • One end of the arc guide 7, 8 is located near but not in electrical contact with the second end of the fixed contact support 4, 5, in the extension of which it is located; the other end of the arc guide joins an extinction zone of the electric arc, which comprises in particular extinction fins 9, 10 of ferromagnetic material.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the means that ensures the displacement of the movable contact support 3, to firstly close the main circuit by electrically contacting the corresponding poles of the fixed contact support with those of the movable contact support, on the other hand open the main circuit separating the corresponding poles of the fixed contact support and those of the movable contact support.
  • the movable contact support 3 is inserted between two substantially parallel walls of a hollow slider 11 of substantially parallelepiped shape, closed at the top by an upper face transverse to the axis of symmetry of the slider, at the bottom by a lower face transverse to the axis of symmetry of the slider, and at an intermediate level between the top and the bottom, by an intermediate transverse plane 12 to the axis of symmetry of the slider; the movable contact support 3 rests on this intermediate plane 12, on which it is pressed by the pressure of a spring 16 whose first end rests on the movable contact support, and the other end of which rests on the upper face of the slider.
  • the slide is secured to a movable ferromagnetic portion 13 fixed to its lower base.
  • This movable ferromagnetic part 13 cooperates with an induction coil 14, called the actuating coil 14, powered by a second independent circuit of the main circuit.
  • An electronic supply card 33 of the actuating coil provides regulation in voltage and intensity of this power supply.
  • This electronic card and the regulation that it provides not only allow to dimension the more just the actuating device thus significantly reducing the volume and weight of the entire switch, but also to directly process the intensity of the current in this coil to implement a second embodiment of the detector according to the invention which will be described in more detail below.
  • the electronic card 33 may also, as is the case in the embodiment shown in the accompanying figures, be split into a portion 33 more particularly dedicated to the supply of the actuating coil, and a portion 33a, gathering especially the components described in more detail below.
  • This actuating coil when powered, pulls down the portion 13 and the slider 11 integrally movable until the upper head of this movable portion 13 comes into contact with a fixed second ferromagnetic part, solidary the actuating coil; the lower base of the slide then crushes at least one spring 15 which is supported by its upper end on a portion of the lower base of the slide, and whose lower end is supported on the bottom of the contactor.
  • This downward translation of the slider also drives down the movable contact support downwards until the poles of the movable contact support come into contact with their counterparts on each fixed contact support.
  • the at least one spring 15 under the lower base of the slider is deployed and pushes the slider upwards, as well as the spring 16 which is deployed simultaneously and adds its own pressure. on the slide, to that exerted by the at least one spring 15, until the movable contact support 3 abuts on the intermediate plane 12 of the slide as indicated figure 5 ; during this first part of the upward movement of the slider, the poles of the movable contact support 3 have remained in contact with the poles of the fixed contact supports; under the effect of the at least one spring 15, the slide then continues its upward movement by driving, in this second part of its movement upwards, the support of mobile contact, whose poles then begin to separate from their homologous poles on the two fixed contact supports.
  • the detection of the moment of the separation of the fixed and mobile poles is achieved by means of a photoelectric sensor 34 fixed on the power supply card 33bis.
  • This sensor 34 is positioned so as to accommodate and cooperate with the end 35 of an integral protrusion of the slide.
  • the end 35 is inserted inside a recess adapted to the sensor 34, as illustrated figure 8 , so that the photocell of the sensor 34 detects the presence of the end of the slider.
  • the upward movement of the slider causes this end 35 to exit the sensor 34, which the photocell detects immediately.
  • the precise moment of the separation of the two fixed and mobile poles is detected thanks to a treatment of the temporal evolution profile of the current in the actuating coil 14 of the slider 11.
  • the electronic supply card 33 of the actuating coil 14 which provides regulation in voltage and intensity of this power supply allows to directly process the intensity of the current in the coil to implement this second embodiment of the detector according to the invention.
  • the figure 6 represents on the abscissa the time, and ordinate U the supply voltage of the actuating coil, and I the intensity of the supply current of the actuating coil.
  • the curve 64, in staircase, represents the evolution of the voltage U as a function of time; at time T1, the voltage U is canceled in the actuating coil.
  • Curve 61 represents the evolution of the current flowing through the actuating coil from T1; the intensity begins to decrease, because of the presence of a freewheeling diode across the actuating coil, to reach a first low point at T2.
  • This low point marks the moment when the magnetic attraction force of the slide towards the actuating coil 14 becomes smaller than the thrust force exerted on the slide 11 in the opposite direction by the at least one spring 15 and the spring 16.
  • T2 thus marks the beginning of the movement of the slider upward, under the effect of the differential between the pressure exerted on the slider upwards by the springs 15 and 16 and the attraction exerted on the slide in the opposite direction by the spool.
  • An appropriate electronic circuit is arranged on the electronic control-command card of the actuating coil 14 and makes it possible to process the measurement of the intensity of the current by detecting the moment of appearance T2 from the low point of the intensity curve, and deduce T3. Thus it is possible to optimally synchronize the beginning of the blowing action of the electric arc with the appearance of this electric arc between the fixed and mobile poles.
  • a so-called secondary coil 19, 20 is positioned under each fixed contact piece.
  • the supply of the secondary coils is independent of that of the main coils. It is provided by a capacitor 38 placed under the electronic card 33bis which controls the supply of the at least one secondary coil 19,20.
  • the supply of the capacitor charge 38 can be carried out by applying to the latter, as well as to the at least one secondary coil 19,20, a voltage lower than that applied to the actuating coil 14. This justifies to dedicate to this function a separate part 33bis of the electronic card 33.
  • the capacitor 38 is charged by a voltage derived from that which feeds the actuating coil 14 when the latter holds the contactor closed; this charge is made in a very short time, typically less than 1 second, as soon as the contactor closes.
  • the discharge of the capacitor 38 which will supply the at least one secondary coil 19,20 is triggered by the component 42, called here trigger, preferably a MOSFET bridge, at the instant which will have been determined as indicated above by the detector 34, after application of an appropriate delay by the component 41 to take into account, if necessary, the shift T3-T2 indicated above.
  • the trigger 42 which triggers the discharge of the capacitor also determines the direction of the discharge current as a function of the direction of the current in the contactor as measured by the device 39.
  • each secondary coil 19, 20 is associated a pair of flat ferromagnetic plates 21, 22 which face each other on either side of the coil and which are interconnected by a core 36, 37, which is also ferromagnetic and located at inside the coil.
  • the figure 1 represents only one of the two ferromagnetic plates of each pair associated with the coil, as well as the core. The second piece faces the first in a plane parallel to the sectional plane of the figure.
  • These pairs of plates 21,22 associated with each secondary coil will also be called pairs of secondary plates 21,22.
  • This pair of secondary plates 21, 22 is intended, when the secondary coil 19, 20 is energized, to promote the creation of a magnetic field in a direction transverse to the section plane of the figure 1 , between the two parts of this pair of secondary plates.
  • This magnetic field is configured to interact with the arc current created between the separated poles to create a force oriented according to the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field induced by the secondary coil.
  • the direction of the magnetic field induced by the secondary coil is itself a function of the direction of the current flowing through this coil.
  • a known electronic device 39 is provided for detecting the direction of the current in the main circuit and for fixing accordingly the direction of the current which is discharged from the capacitor 38 to cross the secondary coil 19 so that the direction of the magnetic field induces by the secondary coil 19 between the two parts of the pair of secondary plates 21 blows the arc current in the direction 23 of the extinction zone of the arc 9.
  • the extension of the zone of influence of the magnetic field produced by a secondary coil stops at the limit of the ferromagnetic part associated with this coil. During its movement towards this limit, the arc lengthens, until it goes out if the intensity of the arc current is weak.
  • Sizing the at least one secondary coil and its ferromagnetic core ensures a substantially constant field between the plates for a period of about 30 to 70 ms; this duration is consistent with the extinction time of the arcs for contactors whose circuit is at a constant of high time, greater than 15 ms.
  • the zone of extension of the blowing of the secondary coil is configured so that arc currents of low intensity, typically less than 1 or even 2 A, are extinguished under the sole effect of the magnetic blowing due to the secondary coil 19, without that it is necessary to blow them up to the zone of the fins of extinction of the arcs of greater intensity.
  • predetermined extinction threshold a certain predetermined threshold, which we will call “predetermined extinction threshold”
  • predetermined extinction threshold the arc current will not be extinguished until it has reached, in the direction 23, the the limit of the area of the ferromagnetic plates 21 associated with the coil 19. In this case, before the arc reaches this limit, the arc current has started to feed a main coil 24, 25, which is made in series in the main circuit.
  • This main coil is placed above the mobile pole 31, 32 on the movable contact support 3, between this pole 31, 32 and a second arc guide 26, 27 which delimits with the first arc guide 7, 8 the blowing zone towards the extinguishing vanes 9, 10 high intensity arcs; this main coil 24 is in electrical contact at one of these ends with this second arc guide 26 and at the other end with the second main coil 25 of the contactor, so that the main current arriving by one of the pieces of fixed contact 4 jumps to the first arc guide 7 in the extension of this fixed contact piece and, according to the electric arc blown at first by the effect of the secondary coil 19 to the limits of the first plate secondary 21 associated with this secondary coil 19, joins the second arc guide 26 which is connected to the main coil 24 and continues its way to the second main coil 25 of the second part of the symmetrical contactor of the first.
  • each main coil 24, 25 is associated with a ferromagnetic core and a pair of ferromagnetic plates, called main plates, 28, 29 to promote the creation of a magnetic field in the same direction as that induced by the secondary coil 19, but in an area that extends the blowing zone of the secondary coil.
  • At least a pair of main plates 28,29 is disposed in the extension of the at least one pair of secondary plates 21,22 associated with the at least one secondary coil, so that the distance between their respective edges is between 2 and 4 mm .
  • the at least one main coil 24,25 and their ferromagnetic core is sized to ensure, when it is traversed by a current of intensity at least equal to the "predetermined threshold of extinction" mentioned above, a field magnetic between the plates of the at least one pair of plates 28, 29 of sufficient intensity to continue the elongation of the arc beyond the limit of the zone of influence of the at least one secondary coil 19,20 corresponding.
  • predetermined extinction threshold which characterizes the intensity of the arc current below which the arc elongates and extinguishes under the effect of the single secondary coil before reaching the zone of influence of the main coil, varies in the opposite direction of the voltage across the contactor: the higher the voltage, the lower the intensity corresponding to this "predetermined threshold of extinction”.
  • the "predetermined threshold of extinction” chosen for the dimensioning of the at least one secondary and main coil is that corresponding to the highest voltage allowed across the contactor.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP17151115.7A 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanischer schutz Active EP3349232B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17151115.7A EP3349232B1 (de) 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanischer schutz

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17151115.7A EP3349232B1 (de) 2017-01-12 2017-01-12 Elektromechanischer schutz

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EP3349232A1 true EP3349232A1 (de) 2018-07-18
EP3349232B1 EP3349232B1 (de) 2020-05-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020035489A1 (en) 2018-08-15 2020-02-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Switching device and method for operating a switching device

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US967280A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
FR1296346A (fr) * 1960-08-03 1962-06-15 Brown Interrupteur pour coupure sous charge
US5548461A (en) * 1994-07-11 1996-08-20 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Arc suppressor
US5933303A (en) * 1995-06-19 1999-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for protection against overload of the switch contacts of a switching device
US20080197113A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2008-08-21 Secheron Sa Electromechanical Circuit Breaker and Method of Breaking the Current in Said Electromechanical Circuit Breaker
EP2230678A2 (de) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-22 Schaltbau GmbH Lichtbogenresistenter Schütz
US20120067849A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Secheron Sa Electromechanical circuit breaker
DE102013112297A1 (de) * 2013-11-08 2015-05-13 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät und Schaltgerät mit einer derartigen Schutzvorrichtung
DE102013114171A1 (de) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltkammer zum Führen und Trennen von elektrischen Strömen mittels beweglicher Schaltkontakte

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US967280A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
FR1296346A (fr) * 1960-08-03 1962-06-15 Brown Interrupteur pour coupure sous charge
US5548461A (en) * 1994-07-11 1996-08-20 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Arc suppressor
US5933303A (en) * 1995-06-19 1999-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for protection against overload of the switch contacts of a switching device
US20080197113A1 (en) * 2005-06-16 2008-08-21 Secheron Sa Electromechanical Circuit Breaker and Method of Breaking the Current in Said Electromechanical Circuit Breaker
EP2230678A2 (de) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-22 Schaltbau GmbH Lichtbogenresistenter Schütz
US20120067849A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Secheron Sa Electromechanical circuit breaker
DE102013112297A1 (de) * 2013-11-08 2015-05-13 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzvorrichtung für ein Schaltgerät und Schaltgerät mit einer derartigen Schutzvorrichtung
DE102013114171A1 (de) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltkammer zum Führen und Trennen von elektrischen Strömen mittels beweglicher Schaltkontakte

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020035489A1 (en) 2018-08-15 2020-02-20 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Switching device and method for operating a switching device
CN112543985A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2021-03-23 伊顿智能动力有限公司 开关装置和用于操作开关装置的方法

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