EP3338293B1 - Medium- or high-voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space - Google Patents

Medium- or high-voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3338293B1
EP3338293B1 EP16745431.3A EP16745431A EP3338293B1 EP 3338293 B1 EP3338293 B1 EP 3338293B1 EP 16745431 A EP16745431 A EP 16745431A EP 3338293 B1 EP3338293 B1 EP 3338293B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
nitrogen
gas
mass
oxygen
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EP16745431.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3338293A1 (en
Inventor
Sylvio Kosse
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to HRP20191975TT priority Critical patent/HRP20191975T1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/021—Use of solid insulating compounds resistant to the contacting fluid dielectrics and their decomposition products, e.g. to SF6
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/38—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medium or high voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Gas-insulated medium or high voltage systems in particular according to the principle of the so-called Blaskolbenschalters or self-blow switch, have an inert and in particular electrically insulating gas.
  • this insulating gas serves to insulate the electrical currents flowing inside the switch from the housing and, on the other hand, to extinguish an arc, especially in the interior of the switchgear.
  • the sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 is used for this purpose. SF 6 has very good insulating properties and very good arc extinguishing properties, but has a very high global warming potential, which is why it is being considered to replace this insulating gas.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a medium or high voltage switchgear, which compared to the established SF 6 has an alternative insulating gas and thereby produce less recombination products after extinguishing an arc that damage the operation of the system.
  • the solution of the problem consists in a medium or high voltage switchgear with the features of claim 1.
  • a system has a gas-tight insulating space in which an insulating gas is present with overpressure. Furthermore, the system provides at least two switching contacts, which are arranged in the insulating space, wherein at least one switching contact is movably mounted with respect to a nozzle.
  • the invention is characterized in that the insulating gas is a mixture which consists in total of at least 90% by mass of nitrogen and oxygen or at least 90% by mass consists of a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • the two alternative insulating gases mentioned are either air, in particular purified air, which may also be represented synthetically, and a so-called biogene, that is to say a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which contains up to 40% carbon dioxide.
  • the nozzle consists at least partially of a plastic which contains at least 65% in total of the elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. This means that the plastic contains all these three elements, and that the sum of the masses of these elements is at least 65% of the total mass of the plastic. More preferably, the mass of these elements is 70%, most preferably 75% of the mass of the plastic.
  • the plastic of the nozzle contains as little fluorine as possible, in particular less than one mass%, very preferably less than 0.1 mass% of fluorine.
  • fluorine compounds are generally not environmentally friendly, and also have negative properties when these fluorine compound deposit on surfaces.
  • a typical polyamide used as a construction material has 39.6 mass% carbon, 5.9% hydrogen, 30.6% oxygen, and 6.5% nitrogen.
  • the remaining proportions refer to fillers such as phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, calcium and zinc, which are introduced in particular as fire retardants in the plastic.
  • the nozzle and at least one switching contact with respect.
  • a rotation axis arranged symmetrically to each other. It causes the switching contact to be pulled out of the surrounding nozzle, thereby creating a cylindrical space in which the arc can propagate and in which, since it is a symmetrical space, it can best be extinguished.
  • FIG. 1 is a switchgear, it is shown a medium or high-voltage switchgear, which has an insulating space 4.
  • the insulating space 4 is shown schematically by dashed lines around the switching contacts 8 and 10 around. This means that the arrangement outside the switching contacts 8 and 10 is not considered closer.
  • the switching contacts 8 and 10 are rotationally symmetrical components, which are arranged rotationally symmetrically about the rotation axis 13.
  • the switching contact 8 has a central mandrel 7 which is annularly surrounded by an outer switching contact 14. These two parts 7 and 14 of the switching contact 8 are here to an integrated component, the switching contact 8 united.
  • a second switching contact 10 also has a central mandrel 9, which in turn is surrounded by an outer switching contact 16 rotationally symmetrical, these components also represent an integrated component, which is referred to here as a switching contact 10.
  • the central mandrel 7 fits in, as in FIG. 2 shown, in the closed state in a bore 11, which is introduced along the axis of rotation 13 in the central mandrel 9 of the switching contact 10.
  • the outer switching contacts 14 and 16 touch, which represent the main current path.
  • a nozzle 12 is provided, which consists of a plastic, and which is also rotationally symmetrical with respect to.
  • the axis of rotation 13 about the central mandrel 7 of the switching contact 8 is arranged.
  • the outer contacts 14 and 16 are first separated from each other, for which purpose at least one switching contact by a drive, illustrated by the arrow 22 along the rotation axis 13 is subtracted.
  • the separation process takes place in total within a few milliseconds, but after the separation of the outer contacts 14 and 16, the contact between the central spines 7 and 9 first persists.
  • the mandrel 7 pulled out of the bore 11 of the mandrel 9.
  • the nozzle 12 is attached to the switch contact 10 in such a way that it moves with respect to the mandrel 7 along the axis 13.
  • an arc 20 forms roughly in the region of the nozzle 12 along the axis of rotation 13.
  • This insulating gas which in this example is purified air having a composition of 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, flows along arrows 6 in FIG FIG. 3 around the arc 20 and extinguished it.
  • the nozzle material which is a polyamide, gaseous decomposition products based on carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the polyamide as the nozzle material comprises substantially the same elements as in the air.
  • Special nitrogen and oxygen are essential constituents of the polyamide.
  • An alternative, also particularly suitable nozzle material is a polyimide.
  • biogen ie a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, can also be used as insulating gas 6.
  • FIG. 5 again shows an opposite process, namely the closing operation of the switchgear 2.
  • the drive 22, illustrated by the arrow 22, which is usually done by compressed air or spring force, along the axis of rotation 13 in the opposite Direction moves and the switch is closed accordingly.
  • a typical polyamide has 39.6% carbon, 5.9% hydrogen, 30.6% oxygen and 6.5% nitrogen. All percentages are mass%. Furthermore, phosphors with 3.6%, silicon and 8.8%, aluminum with 2.7%, calcium with 1.7% and zinc with 0.6% are introduced as fillers and fire protection materials. Hereby, the 3 elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen together have a mass of 76.7%.
  • another polyamide is described that has 49% carbon, 8% hydrogen, 20.1% oxygen and 9.5% nitrogen.
  • fillers are added, such as phosphorus at 2.6%, silicon at 5.4%, aluminum at 2.1%, calcium at 3.3%. The sum of the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is 78.6%.
  • a co-polyamide is used which contains 40% carbon, 4.4% hydrogen, 29.3% oxygen and 6.5% nitrogen.
  • the sum of the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is 75.8%.
  • the plastic used for the nozzle contains at least 65% by mass of these three elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. This amount of the materials mentioned ensures that no products are produced as decomposition products which contaminate the insulating gas on the one hand and the nozzle surface on the other hand.
  • insulating gas in turn has purified air, which may be synthetically prepared from the basic components of nitrogen and oxygen, found to be useful.
  • the mixture usually contains 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen.
  • carbon dioxide and other gases in particular noble gases may be present in very small amounts.
  • biogen which is also based on nitrogen and contains up to 40% carbon dioxide.
  • the plastic used for the nozzle 12 contains no or only very little fluorine.
  • Fluorine compounds form, in particular with carbon, which is contained in almost all plastics, fluorocarbon compounds that contaminate the insulating space 4 and the switching contacts 8 and 10 and the nozzle 13. It has been found that the proportion of fluorine in the plastic is less than 1%, in particular less than 0.1%.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage mit einem gasdichten Isolierraum nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Gasisolierte Mittel-oder Hochspannungsanlagen, insbesondere nach dem Prinzip des sogenannten Blaskolbenschalters oder Selbstblasschalter, weisen ein inertes und insbesondere elektrisch isolierendes Gas auf. Dieses Isoliergas dient einerseits dazu, die im Inneren des Schalters fließenden elektrischen Ströme vom Gehäuse zu isolieren und andererseits dazu, insbesondere im Inneren der Schaltanlage einen Lichtbogen auszulöschen. Üblicherweise wird hierfür das Schwefelhexalfluorid SF6 verwendet. SF6 hat sehr gute Isoliereigenschaften und sehr gute Bogenlöscheigenschaften, weist jedoch ein sehr hohes Treibhauspotenzial auf, weshalb über einen Ersatz dieses Isoliergases nachgedacht wird.The invention relates to a medium or high voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space according to the preamble of claim 1. Gas-insulated medium or high voltage systems, in particular according to the principle of the so-called Blaskolbenschalters or self-blow switch, have an inert and in particular electrically insulating gas. On the one hand, this insulating gas serves to insulate the electrical currents flowing inside the switch from the housing and, on the other hand, to extinguish an arc, especially in the interior of the switchgear. Usually, the sulfur hexafluoride SF 6 is used for this purpose. SF 6 has very good insulating properties and very good arc extinguishing properties, but has a very high global warming potential, which is why it is being considered to replace this insulating gas.

Das Dokument WO2013/153110 offenbart eine Anlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The document WO2013 / 153110 discloses a system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Beim Löschen eines Lichtbogens, der beim Öffnen des Schaltkontaktes auftritt, zersetzen sich Teile des SF6 und des Düsenmaterials, wobei die Düse in der Regel aus Polytetrafluoräthylen besteht. Diese Zersetzungsprodukte rekombinieren im Allgemeinen nach dem Löschen des Lichtbogens und nach dem Abkühlen wieder insbesondere an der Düsenoberfläche. Bei bestehenden Schaltanlagen hat sich die Kombination von SF6 als Isolier - und Löschgas einerseits und PTFE als Düsenwerkstoff andereseits als praktikabel herausgestellt. Bei Verwendung eines Alternativgases hat sich die Kombination mit dem bestehenden Düsenwerkstoff jedoch als ungünstig dargestellt. Es entstehen Rekombinationsprodukte, die sich negativ auf die Düsenoberfläche und auf die Funktionalität der Schaltanlage auswirken. Insbesondere sind diese durch das im PTFE gebundene Fluor nicht umweltfreundlich.When an arc is extinguished, which occurs when the switching contact is opened, parts of the SF 6 and of the nozzle material decompose, the nozzle usually being made of polytetrafluoroethylene. These decomposition products generally recombine after extinguishing the arc and, after cooling, again especially at the nozzle surface. For existing switchgear, the combination of SF6 as an insulating and quenching gas on the one hand and PTFE as a nozzle material on the other hand has proven to be practicable. When using an alternative gas, however, the combination with the existing nozzle material has shown to be unfavorable. This results in recombination products that have a negative effect on the nozzle surface and on the functionality of the switchgear. In particular, these are not environmentally friendly due to the fluorine bound in the PTFE.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einer Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage bereitzustellen, die gegenüber dem etablierten SF6 ein alternatives Isoliergas aufweist und dabei weniger Rekombinationsprodukte nach dem Löschen eines Lichtbogens entstehen, die dem Betrieb der Anlage schaden.The object of the invention is to provide a medium or high voltage switchgear, which compared to the established SF 6 has an alternative insulating gas and thereby produce less recombination products after extinguishing an arc that damage the operation of the system.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht in einer Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Eine derartige Anlage weist einen gasdichten Isolierraum auf, in dem ein Isoliergas mit Überdruck vorliegt. Ferner sieht die Anlage mindestens zwei Schaltkontakte vor, die in dem Isolierraum angeordnet sind, wobei mindestens ein Schaltkontakt bezüglich einer Düse beweglich gelagert ist. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Isoliergas eine Mischung ist, die jeweils in Summe zumindest 90 Massen % aus Stickstoff und Sauerstoff besteht oder zumindest 90 Massen % aus einer Mischung von Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid besteht. Bei den beiden genannten alternativen Isoliergasen handelt es sich entweder um Luft, insbesondere gereinigter Luft, die ggf. auch synthetisch dargestellt wird und einem sogenannten Biogen also einer Mischung aus Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid, wobei dieses bis zu 40% Kohlendioxid enthält. Zudem besteht die Düse zumindest teilweise aus einem Kunststoff, der zumindest zu 65% in Summe die Elemente Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff enthält. Dies soll heißen, dass der Kunststoff alle diese drei Elemente enthält, und dass die Summe der Massen dieser Elemente mindestens 65% der Gesamtmasse des Kunststoffes betragen. Besonders bevorzugt beträgt die Masse dieser Elemente 70%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 75% der Masse des Kunststoffes.The solution of the problem consists in a medium or high voltage switchgear with the features of claim 1. Such a system has a gas-tight insulating space in which an insulating gas is present with overpressure. Furthermore, the system provides at least two switching contacts, which are arranged in the insulating space, wherein at least one switching contact is movably mounted with respect to a nozzle. The invention is characterized in that the insulating gas is a mixture which consists in total of at least 90% by mass of nitrogen and oxygen or at least 90% by mass consists of a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The two alternative insulating gases mentioned are either air, in particular purified air, which may also be represented synthetically, and a so-called biogene, that is to say a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which contains up to 40% carbon dioxide. In addition, the nozzle consists at least partially of a plastic which contains at least 65% in total of the elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. This means that the plastic contains all these three elements, and that the sum of the masses of these elements is at least 65% of the total mass of the plastic. More preferably, the mass of these elements is 70%, most preferably 75% of the mass of the plastic.

Die Kombination einer Mischung aus Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff bzw. Stickstoff und Sauerstoff und der Verwendung eines Kunststoffes der eben aus Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff besteht, bzw. diese im wesentlichen Umfang enthält, führt dazu, dass bei der Zersetzung des Isoliergases und bei der Zersetzung des Kunststoffes bei Löschung des Lichtbogens Substanzen entstehen, die von ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung verwandt sind. Bei der Rekombination dieser Substanzen entstehen somit keine schädlichen Stoffe, die sich negativ auf die Wirkungsweise der Düse einerseits und auf die Wirkung des Isoliergases andererseits auswirken. Bevorzugt kommt es sogar zur Rekombination der Ursprungsstoff.The combination of a mixture of nitrogen and carbon or nitrogen and oxygen and the use of a plastic which consists just of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, or this contains substantially the extent leads to the fact that in the decomposition of the insulating gas and in the decomposition of the Plastics upon erasure of the arc produce substances that are related to their chemical composition. When recombining these substances, no harmful substances are produced which are negative on the other hand affect the operation of the nozzle on the one hand and on the effect of the insulating gas. Preferably, even the recombination of the original substance occurs.

Dabei ist es besonders zweckmäßig, dass der Kunststoff der Düse möglichst wenig Fluor enthält, insbesondere weniger als ein Massen % ganz besonders bevorzugt weniger als 0,1 Massen % Fluor. Dies ist deshalb zweckmäßig, da insbesondere FluorVerbindungen im Allgemeinen nicht umweltfreundlich sind, und ebenfalls negative Eigenschaften haben, wenn sich diese Fluorverbindung auf Oberflächen ablagern.It is particularly expedient that the plastic of the nozzle contains as little fluorine as possible, in particular less than one mass%, very preferably less than 0.1 mass% of fluorine. This is expedient because in particular fluorine compounds are generally not environmentally friendly, and also have negative properties when these fluorine compound deposit on surfaces.

Es hat sich als besonders zweckmäßig herausgestellt, für den Kunststoff der Düse Polyamid oder Polyimid zu verwenden. Beispielsweise weist ein typisches Polyamid, das als Konstruktionswerkstoff Verwendung findet 39,6 Massen % Kohlenstoff, 5,9% Wasserstoff, 30,6% Sauerstoff und 6,5% Stickstoff auf. Die restlichen Anteile beziehen sich auf Füllstoffe wie Phosphor, Silizium, Aluminium, Kalzium und Zink, die insbesondere als brandhemmende Mittel in den Kunststoff eingebracht werden.It has been found to be particularly useful to use for the plastic of the nozzle polyamide or polyimide. For example, a typical polyamide used as a construction material has 39.6 mass% carbon, 5.9% hydrogen, 30.6% oxygen, and 6.5% nitrogen. The remaining proportions refer to fillers such as phosphorus, silicon, aluminum, calcium and zinc, which are introduced in particular as fire retardants in the plastic.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsform der Erfindung ist die Düse und zumindest ein Schaltkontakt bzgl. einer Rotationsachse symmetrisch zueinander angeordnet. Es bewirkt, dass der Schaltkontakt aus der ihn umgebenden Düse gezogen werden kann, und dabei ein zylinderförmiger Raum entsteht, in dem sich der Lichtbogen ausbreiten kann und in dem dieser, da es sich um einen symmetrischen Raum handelt, am besten gelöscht werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention, the nozzle and at least one switching contact with respect. A rotation axis arranged symmetrically to each other. It causes the switching contact to be pulled out of the surrounding nozzle, thereby creating a cylindrical space in which the arc can propagate and in which, since it is a symmetrical space, it can best be extinguished.

Weitere Ausgestaltungsformen und weitere Merkmale der Erfindung werden anhand der folgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

  • Figur 1 bis Figur 5 eine Schaltanlage, insbesondere die Schaltkontakte in verschiedenen Phasen des Öffnens und des Schließens des Schalters.
Further embodiments and further features of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Showing:
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 a switchgear, in particular the switching contacts in different phases of opening and closing of the switch.

Im Folgenden soll zunächst ein schematischer und an sich bekannter Ablauf eines Blaskolbenschalters beschrieben werden, wobei sich die Erfindung nicht ausschließlich von dem Blaskolbenschalter beschränkt. In Figur 1 ist eine Schaltanlage, sei es eine Mittel- oder Hochschaltspannungsschaltanlage dargestellt, die einen Isolierraum 4 aufweist. Der Isolierraum 4 ist schematisch gestrichelt um die Schaltkontakte 8 und 10 herum dargestellt. Dies bedeutet, dass die Anordnung außerhalb der Schaltkontakte 8 und 10 nicht näher betrachtet wird. Bei den Schaltkontakten 8 und 10 handelt es sich um rotationssymmetrische Bauteile, die um die Rotationsachse 13 herum rotationssymmetrisch angeordnet sind. Der Schaltkontakt 8 weist einen zentralen Dorn 7 auf, der ringförmig von einem äußeren Schaltkontakt 14 umgeben wird. Diese beiden Teile 7 und 14 des Schaltkontaktes 8 sind hier zu einem integrierten Bauteil, den Schaltkontakt 8 vereint. Ebenso weist ein zweiter Schaltkontakt 10 ebenfalls einen zentralen Dorn 9 auf, der wiederum von einem äußeren Schaltkontakt 16 rotationssymmetrisch umgeben ist, auch diese Bauteile stellen ein integriertes Bauteil dar, das hierbei als Schaltkontakt 10 bezeichnet wird. Der zentrale Dorn 7 fügt sich dabei, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, im geschlossenen Zustand in eine Bohrung 11 ein, die entlang der Rotationsachse 13 in den zentralen Dorn 9 des Schaltkontaktes 10 eingebracht ist. Ferner berühren sich die äußeren Schaltkontakte 14 und 16, wobei diese den Hauptstrompfad darstellen. Ferner ist eine Düse 12 vorgesehen, die aus einem Kunststoff besteht, und die ebenfalls rotationssymmetrisch bzgl. der Rotationsachse 13 um den zentralen Dorn 7 des Schaltkontaktes 8 angeordnet ist.In the following, a schematic and per se known sequence of a blow piston switch will first be described, whereby the invention is not limited exclusively to the blow piston switch. In FIG. 1 is a switchgear, it is shown a medium or high-voltage switchgear, which has an insulating space 4. The insulating space 4 is shown schematically by dashed lines around the switching contacts 8 and 10 around. This means that the arrangement outside the switching contacts 8 and 10 is not considered closer. The switching contacts 8 and 10 are rotationally symmetrical components, which are arranged rotationally symmetrically about the rotation axis 13. The switching contact 8 has a central mandrel 7 which is annularly surrounded by an outer switching contact 14. These two parts 7 and 14 of the switching contact 8 are here to an integrated component, the switching contact 8 united. Likewise, a second switching contact 10 also has a central mandrel 9, which in turn is surrounded by an outer switching contact 16 rotationally symmetrical, these components also represent an integrated component, which is referred to here as a switching contact 10. The central mandrel 7 fits in, as in FIG. 2 shown, in the closed state in a bore 11, which is introduced along the axis of rotation 13 in the central mandrel 9 of the switching contact 10. Further, the outer switching contacts 14 and 16 touch, which represent the main current path. Further, a nozzle 12 is provided, which consists of a plastic, and which is also rotationally symmetrical with respect to. The axis of rotation 13 about the central mandrel 7 of the switching contact 8 is arranged.

Beim Öffnen der Schaltanlage 2 werden zunächst die äußeren Kontakte 14 und 16 voneinander getrennt, wozu mindestens ein Schaltkontakt durch einen Antrieb, veranschaulicht durch den Pfeil 22 entlang der Rotationsachse 13 abgezogen wird. Der Trennvorgang erfolgt dabei insgesamt in wenigen Millisekunden, wobei aber nach dem Trennen der äußeren Kontakte 14 und 16 der Kontakt zwischen den zentralen Dornen 7 und 9 zunächst bestehen bleibt. Hierbei wird, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, der Dorn 7 aus der Bohrung 11 des Dorns 9 gezogen. Gleichzeitig wird Isoliergas 6, das sich in einer Kompressionskammer 18 befindet, komprimiert. Ferner ist an dem Schaltkontakt 10 die Düse 12 in der Art angebracht, dass sie sich bezüglich des Dornes 7 entlang der Achse 13 bewegt.When opening the switchgear 2, the outer contacts 14 and 16 are first separated from each other, for which purpose at least one switching contact by a drive, illustrated by the arrow 22 along the rotation axis 13 is subtracted. The separation process takes place in total within a few milliseconds, but after the separation of the outer contacts 14 and 16, the contact between the central spines 7 and 9 first persists. Here, as in FIG. 2 shown, the mandrel 7 pulled out of the bore 11 of the mandrel 9. At the same time insulating gas 6, which is located in a compression chamber 18, compressed. Further, the nozzle 12 is attached to the switch contact 10 in such a way that it moves with respect to the mandrel 7 along the axis 13.

Nachdem die Trennung der beiden Kontakte 8 und 10 so weit vorangeschritten ist, dass es sich auch die inneren Dornen 7 und 9 nicht mehr berühren, bildet sich im Bereich der Düse 12 grob entlang der Rotationsachse 13 ein Lichtbogen 20 aus. Dieser wird durch das Isoliergas 6, das aus der Kompressionskammer 18, die Bestandteil des Kontaktes 10 ist, herausströmt. Dieses Isoliergas, das in diesem Beispiel gereinigte Luft mit einer Zusammensetzung von 80% Stickstoff und 20% Sauerstoff ist, strömt entlang der Pfeile 6 in Figur 3 um den Lichtbogen 20 und löscht diesen aus. Dabei entstehen in Kombination mit dem Düsenwerkstoff, der ein Polyamid ist, gasförmige Zersetzungsprodukte auf der Basis von Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Sauerstoff bestehen. Dies liegt daran, da das Polyamid als Düsenwerkstoff im Wesentlichen dieselben Elemente umfasst, wie dies in der Luft der Fall ist. Besonderer Stickstoff und Sauerstoff sind wesentliche Bestandteile des Polyamids. Ein alternativer, ebenfalls besonders zweckmäßiger Düsenwerkstoff ist ein Polyimid. Alternativ zur Luft kann ebenfalls so genanntes Biogen, also eine Mischung aus Stickstoff und Sauerstoff als Isoliergas 6 eingesetzt werden.After the separation of the two contacts 8 and 10 has progressed so far that the inner mandrels 7 and 9 are no longer in contact, an arc 20 forms roughly in the region of the nozzle 12 along the axis of rotation 13. This is through the insulating gas 6, which flows out of the compression chamber 18, which is part of the contact 10. This insulating gas, which in this example is purified air having a composition of 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, flows along arrows 6 in FIG FIG. 3 around the arc 20 and extinguished it. This results in combination with the nozzle material, which is a polyamide, gaseous decomposition products based on carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. This is because the polyamide as the nozzle material comprises substantially the same elements as in the air. Special nitrogen and oxygen are essential constituents of the polyamide. An alternative, also particularly suitable nozzle material is a polyimide. As an alternative to air, so-called biogen, ie a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, can also be used as insulating gas 6.

Nach dem Löschen des Lichtbogens 20 setzen sich die gasförmigen Zersetzungsprodukte, die bei den hohen Temperaturen bei Auftreten des Lichtbogens 20 zwischen Isoliergas und Düsenmaterialien entstehen, auf der Düse 13 ab. Diese Rekombination findet im geöffneten Zustand, wie dieser beispielsweise in Figur 4 dargestellt ist, statt. Figur 5 zeigt nun wiederum einen gegengesetzten Prozess, nämlich den Schließvorgang der Schaltanlage 2. Dabei wird der Antrieb 22, veranschaulicht durch den Pfeil 22, der in der Regel durch Druckluft oder Federkraft erfolgt, entlang der Rotationsachse 13 in die entgegengesetzte Richtung bewegt und der Schalter wird entsprechend geschlossen.After extinguishing the arc 20, the gaseous decomposition products, which arise at the high temperatures when the arc 20 occurs between insulating gas and nozzle materials, settle on the nozzle 13. This recombination takes place in the opened state, as this example in FIG. 4 is shown instead. FIG. 5 again shows an opposite process, namely the closing operation of the switchgear 2. In this case, the drive 22, illustrated by the arrow 22, which is usually done by compressed air or spring force, along the axis of rotation 13 in the opposite Direction moves and the switch is closed accordingly.

Als Materialien für die Düsen kommen wie bereits erwähnt, insbesondere Polyamide oder Polyimide in Frage. Ein typisches Polyamid weist dabei 39,6% Kohlenstoff, 5,9% Wasserstoff, 30,6% Sauerstoff und 6,5% Stickstoff auf. Bei allen Prozentangaben handelt es sich hierbei um Masse %. Ferner sind als Füllstoffe und Brandschutzstoffe Phosphor mit 3,6%, Silizium und 8,8%, Aluminium mit 2,7%, Kalzium mit 1,7% und Zink mit 0,6% eingebracht. Hiermit weisen die 3 Elemente Kohlenstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff zusammen eine Masse von 76,7% auf. Alternativ dazu ist ein weiteres Polyamid beschrieben, dass 49% Kohlenstoff, 8% Wasserstoff, 20,1% Sauerstoff und 9,5% Stickstoff aufweist. Auch hier sind noch Füllstoffe zugegeben wie Phosphor mit 2,6%, Silizium mit 5,4%, Aluminium mit 2,1%, Kalzium mit 3,3%. Die Summe der Elemente Kohlenstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff beträgt hierbei 78,6%. In einer dritten Variante wird ein Co-Polyamid verwendet, das 40% Kohlenstoff, 4,4% Wasserstoff, 29,3% Sauerstoff und 6,5% Stickstoff enthält. Hierbei beträgt die Summe der Elemente Kohlenstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff 75,8%.As materials for the nozzles come, as already mentioned, in particular polyamides or polyimides in question. A typical polyamide has 39.6% carbon, 5.9% hydrogen, 30.6% oxygen and 6.5% nitrogen. All percentages are mass%. Furthermore, phosphors with 3.6%, silicon and 8.8%, aluminum with 2.7%, calcium with 1.7% and zinc with 0.6% are introduced as fillers and fire protection materials. Hereby, the 3 elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen together have a mass of 76.7%. Alternatively, another polyamide is described that has 49% carbon, 8% hydrogen, 20.1% oxygen and 9.5% nitrogen. Here, too, fillers are added, such as phosphorus at 2.6%, silicon at 5.4%, aluminum at 2.1%, calcium at 3.3%. The sum of the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is 78.6%. In a third variant, a co-polyamide is used which contains 40% carbon, 4.4% hydrogen, 29.3% oxygen and 6.5% nitrogen. Here, the sum of the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen is 75.8%.

Es hat sich grundsätzlich herausgestellt, dass es vorteilhaft ist, wenn der Kunststoff, der für die Düse zum Einsatz kommt, mindestens 65% Masse % dieser drei genannten Elemente Kohlenstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff enthält. Diese Menge an den genannten Materialien gewährleistet es, dass als Zersetzungsprodukte keine Produkte entstehen, die einerseits das Isoliergas, und andererseits die Düsenoberfläche kontaminieren.It has been found, in principle, that it is advantageous if the plastic used for the nozzle contains at least 65% by mass of these three elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. This amount of the materials mentioned ensures that no products are produced as decomposition products which contaminate the insulating gas on the one hand and the nozzle surface on the other hand.

Als Isoliergas hat sich wiederum gereinigte Luft, die ggf. synthetisch aus den Grundkomponenten Stickstoff und Sauerstoff hergestellt wird, als zweckmäßig ergeben. Hierbei enthält die Mischung in der Regel 80% Stickstoff und 20% Sauerstoff. Bei natürlicher Luft kann auch noch ein geringer Anteil an Kohlendioxid sowie weiteren Gasen insbesondere Edelgasen in sehr geringen Mengen vorhanden sein. Ferner ist es auch zweckmäßig als Isoliergas 4, das sogenannte Biogen zu verwenden, das ebenfalls auf Stickstoff basiert und bis zu 40% Kohlendioxid enthält.As insulating gas in turn has purified air, which may be synthetically prepared from the basic components of nitrogen and oxygen, found to be useful. In this case, the mixture usually contains 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen. In natural air, even a small proportion of carbon dioxide and other gases, in particular noble gases may be present in very small amounts. It is further also useful as insulating gas 4 to use the so-called biogen, which is also based on nitrogen and contains up to 40% carbon dioxide.

Ferner ist es zweckmäßig, wenn der Kunststoff der für die Düse 12 eingesetzt wird, kein oder nur sehr wenig Fluor enthält. Fluorverbindungen bilden insbesondere mit Kohlenstoff, der in nahezu allen Kunststoffen enthalten ist, Fluorkohlenstoff-Verbindungen, die den Isolierraum 4 sowie die Schaltkontakte 8 und 10 und die Düse 13 kontaminieren. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass der Anteil des Fluors im Kunststoff weniger als 1% ist, insbesondere weniger als 0,1% betragen soll.Furthermore, it is expedient if the plastic used for the nozzle 12 contains no or only very little fluorine. Fluorine compounds form, in particular with carbon, which is contained in almost all plastics, fluorocarbon compounds that contaminate the insulating space 4 and the switching contacts 8 and 10 and the nozzle 13. It has been found that the proportion of fluorine in the plastic is less than 1%, in particular less than 0.1%.

Claims (4)

  1. Medium- or high-voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space (4), in which an insulating gas (6) is kept above atmospheric pressure and at least two switching contacts (8, 10) are arranged, at least one switching contact (8, 10) being mounted movably with respect to a nozzle (12), characterized in that the insulating gas (6) is a mixture containing in total respectively at least 90% by mass nitrogen and oxygen or nitrogen and carbon dioxide and in that the nozzle (12) consists at least partially of a plastic which contains at least 65% by mass in total of the elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
  2. Switchgear according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plastic contains less than 1% by mass, preferably less than 0.1% by mass, fluorine.
  3. Switchgear according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plastic comprises polyamide or polyimide.
  4. Switchgear according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nozzle (12) and at least one switching contact (8, 10) are arranged symmetrically in relation to one another with respect to an axis of rotation (13).
EP16745431.3A 2015-09-18 2016-07-21 Medium- or high-voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space Active EP3338293B1 (en)

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DE102015218003.4A DE102015218003A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2015-09-18 Medium or high voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulation space
PCT/EP2016/067405 WO2017045811A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2016-07-21 Medium- or high-voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulating space

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DE102018205705A1 (en) 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Measuring methods and high-voltage transducers with Clean Air
EP3603773A1 (en) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-isolated electrical installation
DE102019206807A1 (en) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medium voltage switch-disconnectors
CN110794272A (en) * 2019-11-18 2020-02-14 广东电网有限责任公司 Method, device and equipment for evaluating performance of insulating substitute gas
DE102021215095A1 (en) 2021-12-30 2023-07-06 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Switching device with isolating or grounding function

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KR102055694B1 (en) 2019-12-13
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WO2017045811A1 (en) 2017-03-23
DE102015218003A1 (en) 2017-03-23
CA2998974A1 (en) 2017-03-23
CA2998974C (en) 2020-03-10
HRP20191975T1 (en) 2020-02-07
CN108028147B (en) 2019-10-15
US10373785B2 (en) 2019-08-06
EP3338293A1 (en) 2018-06-27
US20180240626A1 (en) 2018-08-23

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