EP3328814A1 - Nassreibmaterial - Google Patents
NassreibmaterialInfo
- Publication number
- EP3328814A1 EP3328814A1 EP16757160.3A EP16757160A EP3328814A1 EP 3328814 A1 EP3328814 A1 EP 3328814A1 EP 16757160 A EP16757160 A EP 16757160A EP 3328814 A1 EP3328814 A1 EP 3328814A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- fiber reinforced
- reinforced composite
- wet friction
- carbonized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100346656 Drosophila melanogaster strat gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/6267—Pyrolysis, carbonisation or auto-combustion reactions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wet friction material of carbon fiber reinforced composite material and a method for producing the wet friction material.
- wet friction linings are used in wet friction elements, in which a wet medium, for example oil, serves to dissipate the heat generated by the frictional contact from the friction surfaces of the friction partners.
- a generic wet friction element is known from US 5 662 993 A, which relates to a friction material made of resin-impregnated fabric, which is woven from carbon fibers.
- the EP 1 505 310 B1 originating from the applicant of the present application describes a generic wet friction material which has an improved drainage behavior of the wet medium by special structuring of the surface.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastics
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a wet friction material, which is advantageous in terms of friction properties and wear resistance over the known friction materials.
- the object is achieved in that a CFRP friction lining is specifically and exclusively carbonized on the surface of the friction lining, which is provided for the friction. The carbonization of the CFRP material therefore only takes place up to a certain depth on the friction lining and not consistently through the entire CFRP material.
- One aspect of the present invention is therefore a wet friction material, comprising a flat carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing at least one textile fabric of carbon fibers embedded in a plastic matrix, characterized in that intended for wet friction surface of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material at least partially from the surface to a defined Depth is carbonized.
- the surface is up to a depth in the range of 5 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ , preferably to a depth in the range of 20 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , more preferably to a depth in the range of 40 ⁇ to 350 ⁇ , Particularly preferably to a depth in the range of 100 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ carbonized, this Depth is less than the thickness of the flat carbon fiber reinforced composite as a whole.
- the carbonized surface is so thin that only the uppermost carbon fibers are exposed by the plastic matrix, which corresponds approximately to a depth of 5-15 ⁇ . The deeper the carbonization is present, or the thicker the carbonized layer on the surface of the wet friction element, the better the friction properties.
- the thickness of the sheet-like carbon fiber reinforced composite material as a whole may vary depending on the application of the wet friction material and is therefore not particularly limited.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber reinforced composite material has a thickness in the range of 0.2 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.25 to 2 mm and still more preferably 0.3 to 1 mm.
- the plastic matrix is not carbonized. This ensures a sufficient stability of the material. More preferably, the thickness of the non-carbonized layer, i. the layer in which the flat carbon fiber reinforced composite material is still in CFK state, at least 0.2 mm and more preferably 0.3 mm.
- 10-100%, preferably 20-100%, more preferably 30-90% of the surface is carbonized.
- a surface only carbonized surface is advantageous if it depends increasingly on stability and wear resistance in the particular application of Nassreibmaterials, such as in particularly stressed friction linings.
- the carbonized regions may be present in a regular pattern, eg, side by side in strips.
- the abrasion of the CFC surfaces is distributed uniformly over the entire friction surface, ie also over the areas of the CFRP surface, which leads to improved friction properties overall.
- the textile fabric comprises a fabric of carbon fibers.
- a fabric is characterized in particular by the fact that, due to its structure, it can form channels on the surface of the wet friction material, whereby the outflow of the wet medium can be controlled.
- this effect can be adjusted specifically.
- the plastic matrix comprises at least one plastic selected from the group consisting of hardened
- Epoxy resin and cured phenolic resin with phenolic resin being preferred.
- the advantage of this is that in particular phenolic resin has a high carbon residue after carbonization. It has been found that a denser carbon matrix improves the friction properties, in particular increases the coefficient of friction.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a process for producing the wet friction material of the invention. All the features mentioned in relation to the first aspect of the present invention can be combined according to the method explained below, and vice versa.
- the process according to the invention relates to a process for producing a wet friction material, comprising the following steps: a) providing a textile fabric of carbon fibers,
- step a) in the case of a partially cured carbon fiber reinforced composite, complete curing of the plastic precursor.
- the manner of providing according to step a) is not particularly limited.
- the fabric can be made directly from carbon fibers. It is also possible to make the sheet from precursor fibers of carbon fibers, such as, but not limited to, polyacrylonitrile fibers or stabilized (oxidized) polyacrylonitrile fibers.
- step b) epoxy resins or phenolic resins are preferably used.
- the advantages of this are already explained above.
- the impregnation process can be carried out in principle according to all known impregnation.
- the textile fabric is completely impregnated in order to increase the homogeneity and stability of the subsequent composite material as much as possible.
- the textile fabric impregnated with the plastic precursor can be completely or partially cured. In the latter case, this gives a prepreg that is easier to form than a fully cured plastic precursor.
- the carbonation of the surface according to step d) takes place at least partially and to a depth in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably to a depth in the range from 20 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably to a depth in the range of 40 ⁇ to 350 ⁇ and particularly preferably to a depth in the range of 100 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ .
- the corresponding explanations apply to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the carbonization takes place by means of laser radiation.
- laser radiation By means of laser radiation, it is possible to carry out a carbonation even of very thin layers only up to a precisely defined depth, since the energy input is very precise, and the carbonization is so fast that a further undesirable carbonization can be prevented by heat distribution in the body to be carbonized. This works surprisingly even with carbon fiber reinforced composites. Because the thermal conductivity of carbon fibers is so high that one would have to assume that the carbonization continues over the entire thickness of the wet friction material. That is not so.
- the type of laser is not particularly limited. For example, a C0 2 laser can be used.
- the temperature required for carbonization is usually between 600 ° C and 1000 ° C. In the case of carbonization by means of laser radiation according to the example below, however, the depth of carbonization increases abruptly from a temperature of about 800 ° C. The depth of the carbonization is therefore no longer so well controlled at about this temperature.
- the temperature required for the carbonization is preferably between 600 ° C. and 780 ° C. Another advantage of this temperature range is that only the matrix carbonizes, but not the carbon fiber is structurally altered.
- carbonation can also be done by any other suitable method.
- a carbonization or partial carbonization of the sheet-like carbon fiber reinforced composite material in a conventional carbonization furnace is not according to the invention, since in this case the composite material carbonizes uniformly or evenly over its entire thickness.
- the advantages of the present invention can not be achieved thereby, unless measures are taken in the furnace that a surface of the sheet-like carbon fiber reinforced composite material is not carbonized. In this case, however, there is no conventional carbonization furnace.
- carbonization is in the context of the present invention synonymous with the term pyrolysis. It is known to the person skilled in the art that both occur at elevated temperatures. Further preferably, the carbonization takes place in an inert gas atmosphere. This has the advantage that the carbon formed in the carbonization is largely not oxidized and thus attacked.
- a compacting of the impregnated textile fabric or of the partially cured carbon fiber reinforced composite material under pressure takes place. The compacting is usually achieved by means of mechanical pressing. This pressing step can take place both before and during the at least partial curing of the plastic precursor.
- the pressing step can take place in any time interval after the impregnation until the carbon-fiber-reinforced composite material has completely hardened. During carbonization, however, there is usually no pressing step for practicality reasons.
- the embodiment compacting increases the stability of the wet friction material.
- the at least partially cured carbon fiber reinforced composite material is applied to a substrate.
- this substrate can be designed differently. It basically acts as a carrier material for a wet friction lining on which the wet friction material according to the invention is to be present in the end product.
- the wet friction material according to the invention can be used in clutches, such as multi-disc clutches and cone clutches, for example in synchronizer rings.
- the corresponding substrates are usually made of metal.
- the application to the substrate can take place at any time after the at least partial curing (step c). However, it is preferred that the application to the substrate takes place only after the carbonization of the surface.
- the wet friction material is applied to the substrate by means of an adhesive.
- the compacting takes place before the carbonization and, following the carbonization, the wet friction material is applied to the substrate. This sequence has a number of advantages in handling the material during process control. In addition, if handled with care, the carbonized layer could be damaged if the pressing step takes place only after the carbonization.
- a woven fabric of carbon fibers having a weight per unit area of 270 g / m 2 and a thickness of 900 ⁇ m was produced.
- the fabric was impregnated with a phenolic resin system, which was then cured at 150 ° C.
- the surface was irradiated with the aid of a C0 2 laser with a power of 100 mW and thereby carbonized to a depth of 250 ⁇ .
- the carbonization depth was checked by a simple scratch test, as the rather brittle, carbonized layer can be easily removed from the underlying CFRP material. The longer a spot of the surface is exposed to the laser radiation, the hotter the surface becomes.
- the resulting temperatures can be measured simultaneously using infrared technology. The dependence of the carbonization depth on the temperature in this example is given in the following table.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015214496.8A DE102015214496A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 | 2015-07-30 | Nassreibmaterial |
PCT/EP2016/067870 WO2017017125A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Nassreibmaterial |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3328814A1 true EP3328814A1 (de) | 2018-06-06 |
Family
ID=56801499
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16757160.3A Withdrawn EP3328814A1 (de) | 2015-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Nassreibmaterial |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3328814A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20180031759A (de) |
CN (1) | CN107848897A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015214496A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017017125A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017214778A1 (de) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | Sgl Carbon Se | Alternatives Fügeverfahren |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3516759A1 (de) * | 1984-06-08 | 1985-12-12 | Allied Corp., Morristown, N.J. | Verfahren zur waermebehandlung einer bremsschuh-reibflaeche |
US5895716A (en) | 1995-07-18 | 1999-04-20 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Wet friction materials, methods of making them, and apparatus containing the same |
US5662993A (en) | 1995-09-08 | 1997-09-02 | General Motors Corporation | Carbon-based friction material for automotive continuous slip service |
US5952249A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-09-14 | Textron Systems Corporation | Amorphous carbon-coated carbon fabric wet friction material |
DE19928858C2 (de) * | 1999-06-24 | 2003-08-07 | Ruetgers Automotive Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Bremsbelags |
EP1262680B1 (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2007-09-26 | TMD Friction GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Bremsbacke für Scheibenbremsen |
ES2292510T3 (es) * | 2001-06-01 | 2008-03-16 | Tmd Friction Gmbh | Procedimiento para la mejora de una zapata de freno para frenos de disco y una zapata de freno de este tipo. |
DE10200240B4 (de) * | 2002-01-05 | 2005-03-17 | Tmd Friction Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wärmebehandeln eines Reibbelags |
JP2003130106A (ja) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-05-08 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 湿式摩擦材及びその製造方法 |
DE10334881A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-03-03 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines auf einem flächigen Carbonfaser-Gewebe basierenden Reibmaterials für Nassreibelemente und nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Reibmaterial |
JP2008111546A (ja) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-05-15 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | 湿式摩擦材及びその製造方法 |
CN101805200B (zh) * | 2010-03-17 | 2012-05-23 | 上海大学 | 一种轴承用碳/碳复合材料的制备方法 |
EP2471764B1 (de) * | 2010-12-28 | 2016-05-11 | SGL Carbon SE | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reibscheiben mit strukturierter keramischer Reibschicht |
US9550701B2 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2017-01-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Carbon-carbon composites including isotropic carbon encapsulating layer and methods of forming the same |
-
2015
- 2015-07-30 DE DE102015214496.8A patent/DE102015214496A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-07-27 KR KR1020187005351A patent/KR20180031759A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-07-27 CN CN201680044689.5A patent/CN107848897A/zh active Pending
- 2016-07-27 WO PCT/EP2016/067870 patent/WO2017017125A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-07-27 EP EP16757160.3A patent/EP3328814A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20180031759A (ko) | 2018-03-28 |
DE102015214496A1 (de) | 2017-02-02 |
WO2017017125A1 (de) | 2017-02-02 |
CN107848897A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
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