EP3328422A1 - Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceae - Google Patents
Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceaeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3328422A1 EP3328422A1 EP16753280.3A EP16753280A EP3328422A1 EP 3328422 A1 EP3328422 A1 EP 3328422A1 EP 16753280 A EP16753280 A EP 16753280A EP 3328422 A1 EP3328422 A1 EP 3328422A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bacterium
- bacteria
- chlamydiaceae
- family
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/118—Chlamydiaceae, e.g. Chlamydia trachomatis or Chlamydia psittaci
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56911—Bacteria
- G01N33/56927—Chlamydia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/52—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells
- A61K2039/521—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells inactivated (killed)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/26—Infectious diseases, e.g. generalised sepsis
Definitions
- Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin with nearly 106 million new cases a year. Effective antibiotic treatments exist but this disease is often asymptomatic (75% of women and 50% of men). Most patients are not treated because they are undiagnosed and the consequences of untreated infection can be serious (infertility, ectopic pregnancies, preterm births, neonatal infections).
- Chlamydiaceae comprises two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, each comprising several species; each species consists of different biovars and serovars. Each of these species leads to a set of disabling diseases in humans or animals, or even fatal in the case of C. psittaci infections.
- the bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae are Gram-negative bacteria. They are called "strict intracellular” because they can only grow and multiply in a parasitophorous vacuole within an infected eukaryotic cell. During their development, bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae come in two forms: • The elementary body (EC), which is the infectious form and does not divide, and
- the CE enters the host cell within a gallbladder. If several ECs infect the same cell, the vesicles usually cluster at the centrosome and merge with each other to form the inclusion. After 5 to 12 hours of infection, ECs differentiate into CRs that actively multiply. After 30 to 40 hours, the CRs become EC; the inclusion and the host cell are then lysed, releasing the bacterial offspring that will infect the neighboring cells. All of these parameters may vary from one serovar and one bacterial species to another, and depending on the experimental conditions (Fields, K. A. & T. hackstadt, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 18: 221-45, 2002).
- the Chlamydia bacterium notably inhibits the apoptosis of the host cell induced by external signals, inhibits the fusion of lysosomes with bacterial inclusion, defeats the vesicular traffic towards the vacuole to allow the growth of this one, and injects into the cytoplasm multiple virulence factors, including a key protease (Chlamydia protease / proteasome-like activity factor, CPAF) that induces the degradation of many eukaryotic proteins, transcription factors of the major histocompatibility complex molecules responsible for the presentation of antigens to the cells of the immune system.
- CPAF Chromydia protease / proteasome-like activity factor
- Persistence accounts for a high level of interaction between the pathogen and the host and allows the bacteria to remain alive, or dormant ("persistent") in the body for months or years.
- Chlamydia bacteria can exist for several years within a tissue such as the genital tract, conjunctival mucosa or vascular tissue, thus generating recurrent infections and chronic inflammation (Beatty et al., Microbiol Rev 58 (4): 686-99, 1994; Kern et al. ., FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 55 (2): 131-9, 2009).
- the high rate of asymptomatic infections and the severity of the diseases justify the active search for a safe and effective vaccine for the control of Chlamydia infections.
- Chlamydiaceae inactivated by a peptidoglycan inhibitor in particular ⁇ -lactams or D-cycloserine, can be used very efficiently to produce drugs for prophylactic treatment of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- BL forms always have native antigens, even though these forms are abnormally dilated and are absolutely no longer infectious.
- the injection of BL forms into mice thus makes it possible to protect these animals against subsequent infections by infectious bacteria.
- This BL form therefore represents an inactivated form that can be used to immunize naive individuals susceptible to infection by Chlamydiaceae.
- an immunogenic bacterial form obtained by treatment of bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae by a peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular by a ⁇ -lactam, is immunogenic.
- immunogenic refers to the ability of a molecule to elicit an immune response, whether humoral or cell-mediated, or both.
- An immune response to an immunogenic bacterial form means the development in a subject of a humoral and / or cell-mediated immune response to one or more molecules present in said bacterial form (e.g., an antigen, as a protein, a glycolipid (LPS) or a polysaccharide).
- the term "humoral immune response” is understood to mean an immune reaction whose effectors are soluble molecules, for example antibodies. These are in particular produced by plasma cells and B lymphocytes.
- a "cell-mediated immune response” within the meaning of the invention is an immune reaction whose effectors are cells such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes, killer T cells or helper T cells.
- a "cell-mediated immune response” within the meaning of the invention also includes the production of cytokines, chemokines and other similar molecules produced by activated T cells and / or other hematopoietic cells, including those derived from CD4 + T cells. or CD8 + , and / or epithelial cells.
- the BL form of the present invention is capable of eliciting an immune response of antibody-producing B lymphocytes and Chlamydia-specific T-lymphocytes (LT) in the spleen.
- LT effector effectors effector or regulators
- these LT effector effectors are likely to leave the spleen for the ganglia draining the genital tract where the infection occurs.
- the subject of the invention is a vaccine composition
- a vaccine composition comprising bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae previously treated with at least one peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular with a ⁇ -lactam, or extracts thereof for use in prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- Chlamydiaceae family is intended to mean the taxonomic group composed of two genera, Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, as defined in Bush & Everett, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 51 (Pt 1): 203-20, 2001.
- “genus Chlamydia” means, within the meaning of the invention, the taxonomic group comprising the species Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia suis and Chlamydia muridarum, and by "genus Chamydophila", the taxonomic group composed of the species Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydophila caviae, Chlamydophila pecorum, Chlamydophila felis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Bush & Everett, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 51 (Pt 1): 203-20, 2001).
- Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae are responsible for infections in humans, Chlamydia suis in pigs and Chlamydophila abortus in humans. ruminants.
- the invention is not limited to a specific bacterial species, but can be applied to any of the species of the family Chlamydiaceae and, in particular, to those mentioned above.
- adjuvants are commonly used in the manufacture of vaccine compositions to increase immunogenicity, for example by stimulating the immune system.
- adjuvant describes any substance added to accelerate, prolong, enhance or modify the quality of the specific immune response induced by the composition according to the invention when the adjuvant and the composition according to the invention are used together.
- Adjuvants are thus products that enhance innate and adaptive immune system responses when administered in the presence of antigens of viral, bacterial or synthetic origin. They cause the massive attraction of macrophages at the injection site, then in the lymph nodes, activate dendritic cells, increase the production of specific immunoglobulins, antibodies, and stimulate many cells involved in the mechanisms of immune defense.
- the composition according to the invention further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants are well known to those skilled in the art and may be chosen according to the proper and interesting properties of these adjuvants, such as those described by Petrovsky et al. , Immunology and Cell Biology, 82: 488-496, 2004 or Vermout et al. , Ann. Med. Vet. 147: 393-401, 2003. It is well known, moreover, that adjuvants of immunity can be adapted in particular according to the route of administration chosen.
- the adjuvant according to the invention will, for example, be chosen from bacterial constituents, bacterial toxins, oily adjuvants, mineral adjuvants, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, saponins, vesicular or nanoparticulate adjuvants, synthetic copolymers, lipophilic amines, cytokines, imidazoquinolones, or polysaccharides.
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or BCG which comprises a strain of Mycobacterium bovis attenuated
- Muramyl dipeptide N-acetylmuramyl-1-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
- MPD MPD
- the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria also called lipolysaccharide or LPS and its derivative monophosphoryl lipid A or MPL.
- LPS lipolysaccharide
- MPL monophosphoryl lipid A
- CT Vibrio cholerae
- CTB purified subunit B
- thermolabile lymphotoxin of Escherichia coli LT
- Oil adjuvants based on squalene such as for example TiterMax (marketed under this name by Vaxcel Norcross Georgia USA) or RIBI Adjuvant System (product marketed under this name by Ribi Immunochem Research, Hamilton, Montana USA).
- inorganic adjuvants that can be used as adjuvants according to the invention, mention may be made, by way of example, of alum, a name commonly used to designate compounds such as aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, potassium phosphate or calcium phosphate.
- synthetic copolymers that may be used as adjuvants according to the invention, mention may be made by way of example of synthetic amphipathic copolymers composed of hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE) and hydrophobic chains of polyoxypropylene (POP) or dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide or chloride (DDA). ).
- POE polyoxyethylene
- POP polyoxypropylene
- DDA dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide or chloride
- lipophilic amines which can be used as adjuvants according to the invention, mention may be made by way of example of avridine.
- Cytokines useful as adjuvants according to the invention include, for example, histamine, interferon, in particular INF ?, interleukins, in particular IL-1 and IL-2.
- imidazolquinolones that may be used as adjuvants according to the invention, mention may be made, by way of example, of imiquimod or resiquimod.
- the adjuvant is, for example, hevea, TASO3 (composed of squalene, DL- ⁇ -tocopherol, and polysorbate), MF59C.1 (composed of polysorbate 80, squalene, sorbitan trioleate, sodium citrate, citric acid and water).
- the inventors have discovered that, surprisingly, the bacteria of the Chlamydiaceae family treated with peptidoglycan inhibitors, in particular with ⁇ -lactams, as well as the fragments of these bacteria, are highly immunogenic.
- the vaccine compositions comprising these inactivated bacteria induce very good protection of mice against vaginal infections by Chlamydia muridarum.
- the inventors have shown that the repeated administration of the vaccine compositions of the invention results in an immune response of Chlamydia muridarum-specific T lymphocytes in the spleen.
- CD4 + and CD8 + LTs and regulatory T cells leave the spleen for the ganglia draining the genital tract.
- T cells or "T lymphocytes” is used here to mean a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
- T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface.
- TCR T cell receptor
- a "T cell receptor” or “TCR” as used herein is a receptor present on the surface of T cells that is responsible for the specific recognition of antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- CD4 + T lymphocytes that express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface
- CD8 + T cells characterized by the expression of the CD8 glycoprotein.
- T effector lymphocyte within the meaning of the invention is a T lymphocyte providing a specialized function in the immune response, such as the secretion of cytokines or the assistance to B cells in humoral function (CD4 + T lymphocytes also called lymphocytes T helper) as well as a cytotoxic activity (CD8 + T lymphocytes).
- CD4 + T lymphocytes also called lymphocytes T helper
- CD8 + T lymphocytes Over-expressed (ICOS, CD44) or under-expressed (CD62L) surface markers mark the activation status of effector T cells.
- Regulatory lymphocytes within the meaning of the invention are T cells which strongly express markers of the CD4 and CD25 surface. These cells also express the FOXP3 marker which is a transcription factor (Battaglia and Rancarolo 2009). These regulatory lymphocytes are therefore CD4 + CD25highFOXP3high. These cells are characterized by an ability to suppress or downregulate immune responses mediated by effector T cells, such as CD4 + or CD8 +
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a vaccine composition for the prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae, said method comprising a contacting step, in vitro, bacteria, preferably intracellular bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae with at least one peptidoglycan inhibitor, including at least one ⁇ -lactam.
- peptidoglycan inhibitor is intended to mean any compound capable of inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan or of affecting the structure thereof.
- the peptidoglycan inhibitors within the meaning of the invention include, among others, D-cycloserine (d-4-amino-3-isoxazolidinone), vancomycin, teicoplanin, bacitracin, daptomycin and ⁇ -lactams.
- a "peptidoglycan inhibitor" within the meaning of the invention is preferably D-cycloserine or a ⁇ -lactamine.
- ⁇ -lactam is meant herein any antibiotic which contains a ⁇ -lactam nucleus in its molecular structure.
- Bis-lactams within the meaning of the invention are thus understood to include penicillin derivatives as well as cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems or ⁇ -lactamase inhibitors.
- the ⁇ -lactam of the invention may be benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), ampicillin (penicillin A), benzyl benzylpenicillin, methicillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, co - amoxiclav (amoxycillin + clavulanic acid), piperacillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, cephalexin, cephalothin, cephazolin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefamandole, cefotetan, cloxacillin, cephadroxil, cefixime , cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome, imipenem, imipenem in combination with cilastatin, cefixime in combination with imipenem, meropenem, mecillinam, ertapenem
- said ⁇ -lactam is not amoxicillin.
- said ⁇ -lactam is chosen from the group consisting of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), cloxacillin, cephadroxil, cefixime, imipenem, cefixime in combination with imipenem, mecillinam, clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam.
- said ⁇ -lactam is penicillin G.
- a concentration of at least 100 ⁇ l, preferably at least 200 ⁇ l, of D-cycloserine makes it possible to generate BL forms.
- the ⁇ -lactam is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 ⁇ .
- cephadroxil or sulbactam is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 3 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ .
- cefixime and imipenem are used in combination, each at a concentration greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ M.
- cefixime or imipenem is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 100 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 300 ⁇ .
- the mecillinam is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 3 ⁇ .
- tazobactam is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ .
- clavulanic acid is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 0.3 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ .
- amoxicillin benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), cloxacillin or mecillinam
- penicillin G benzylpenicillin
- penicillin V phenoxymethylpenicillin
- cloxacillin or mecillinam is used at a concentration greater than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ , preferably greater than or equal to equal to 0.3 ⁇ .
- the bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae are brought into contact with said inhibitor for at least 1 hour, preferably at least 2 hours, more preferably at least 3 hours, even more preferably at least 4 hours. hours, still more preferably at least 5 hours, even more preferably at least 10 hours, more and more preferably at least 24 hours.
- Bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae exist in different forms, depending on the phase of their life cycle. The virulent form of these bacteria is the elemental body.
- the elementary body is transformed into a reticulated body, a larger element whose DNA is decondensed and which can multiply to give elementary bodies which will then be released into the medium.
- the inventors have shown that the bacteria are particularly sensitive to peptidoglycan inhibitors, especially to ⁇ -lactams, after having infected eukaryotic cells. Said bacteria are then in the form of crosslinked bodies which express the target enzymes of these inhibitors, which are essential for the biosynthesis of a molecule regulating bacterial division.
- said bacteria of the invention are treated with said inhibitor, for example with a 6-lactam, after these bacteria have infected eukaryotic cells.
- said inhibitor for example with a 6-lactam
- the subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a composition for the prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae, said method comprising the steps of: contacting eukaryotic cells in vitro with bacteria of the Chlamydiaceae family, and obtaining infected eukaryotic cells; b) incubating the infected eukaryotic cells obtained in step a) with at least one peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular at least one 6-lactamine;
- steps a) and b) of the process for preparing the vaccine composition are carried out under conventional cell culture conditions and which are well known to a person skilled in the art, who will be able to choose and adapt them according to the type of eukaryotic cell used.
- steps a) and b) are carried out at a temperature of 37 ° C., an air humidity of 35% and an air CO 2 content of 5%.
- the cells are cultured in a culture medium appropriate.
- the incubation of step b) is maintained for at least one hour, preferably at least 2 hours, more preferably at least 3 hours, even more preferably at least 4 hours, still more preferably at less than 5 hours, even more preferably at least 10 hours, more and more preferably at least 24 hours.
- the eukaryotic cells according to the invention are animal cells, preferably mammalian cells or avian cells.
- the latter are for example cells of the order Galliformes, such as chicken (Gallus gallus) or that of the Anseriformes, such as mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) or musk duck (Cairina moschata).
- the mammalian cells according to the invention are, for example, eukaryotic cells derived from rodents (Rodentiens), porcine eukaryotic cells (Suidae), or eukaryotic primate cells.
- the eukaryotic rodent cells are, for example, of the family Muridae (Muridae), in which there are among others the subfamilies of hamsters (Cricetinae) or mice and rats (Murinae), which include, for example, the mouse (mus musculus) or the rat (rattus norvegicus).
- Porcine eukaryotic cells include, among others, eukaryotic cells of domestic swine (Sus scrofa domesticus).
- the eukaryotic cells of the order of the primates comprise, inter alia, eukaryotic cells of the family Cercopithecidae, in which mention will be made, for example, of the green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus), or that of Hominidae, which includes, in particular, the human (Homo sapiens).
- eukaryotic cells within the meaning of the present invention do not include cells whose production requires or has required the destruction of human embryos.
- the eukaryotic cells are primary cells or immortalized or tumor cell lines, such as, for example, eukaryotic cells from cell lines.
- Primary cells are defined as a group of original cells derived from normal tissue up to and including the 10th passage, used for the production of biological products.
- immortalized cells is intended to mean cells that divide beyond the Hayflick limit, the cells being able to be immortalized spontaneously or because of the implementation of an immortalization technique.
- the immortalization techniques of the cells are well known to those skilled in the art who will be able to choose among them the best adapted to their goal.
- an immortalization technique of the transformation with an oncogene, for example those encoding the SV40 T antigen, the Ras protein or the Myc protein.
- telomerase reverse transcriptase for example hTERT
- the eukaryotic cells used are chosen for example from epithelial cells or fibroblates.
- the eukaryotic cells used are, by way of example, primary fibroblasts of embryonic origin, such as, for example, CEFs (Chick Embryo Fibroblast), REF (Rat Embryo Fibroblasts) or MEF (Mouse Embryo Fibroblast). It is also possible to use avian stem cell lines, as described in WO 2008/129058).
- the eukaryotic cells according to the invention come from cell lines.
- the eukaryotic cells according to the invention come from one of the lines chosen from the immortalized cell lines NIH3T3, Vero, COS-7, the tumor lines Caco-2, CHO, PC12, HeLa, Jurkat, HL- 60, AtT20, GH3, HEK-293, HT29, HT-29, LNCap, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDCK, Saos-2, Sf9, Sf21, S2, T-47D, U20S and EB66® lines. (Valneva, France). These cells are commonly used by laboratories working in the field.
- said extract is a membrane extract.
- the extract is a cytoplasmic extract.
- Protocols for isolating membrane extracts have been described in the art (see, for example, Frohlich et al., J. Microbiol Methods 91 (2): 222-230, 2012) and can be used to obtain such extracts. They include two steps, a nitrogen cavitation first and a second immunoprecipitation with antibodies against LPS bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- Nitrogen cavitation allows eukaryotic cells to be lysed in a gentle manner without abrupt increase in temperature in the sample (Gott Kunststoff & Adachi, Methods Enzymol 322: 213-221, 2000).
- some eukaryotic cell debris is removed by low speed centrifugation (between 3000 g and 6000 g), while the bacteria remain in the supernatant.
- the method of the invention will therefore comprise an additional step of low speed centrifugation between the nitrogen cavitation step and the immunoprecipitation step with antibodies against LPS of the bacteria of the family of Chlamydiaceae. Gentle sonication in the ice can be used as well.
- Antibodies against LPS have been described in the prior art (Herrera et al., Mol. Med. 9: 135-142, 2003). They make it possible to selectively isolate the bacterial membrane fraction in the immunoprecipitation step after lysing the eukaryotic cells while the bacterial cytoplasmic fraction remains in the supernatant.
- the lysates are centrifuged at a rate of between 10,000 and 20,000 g, more preferably between 12,000 g and 18,000 g, still more preferably between 14,000 g and 17,000 g, and most preferably between 15,000 g and 16,000 g.
- the cytoplasmic extracts can be obtained by subjecting the pellet to isopycnic ultracentrifugation, according to the conditions described by Frohlich et al. (J Microbiol Methods 91 (2): 222-230, 2012).
- the vaccine compositions of the invention are particularly useful for preventing or treating infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae, as well as pathologies caused by said infections.
- the vaccine compositions of the invention are particularly capable of triggering a specific immune reaction against bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae. This reaction is characterized in particular by an immune response of T-lymphocytes specific for Chlamydia muridarum in the spleen. In response to an intravaginal infection with Chlamydia muridarum, these activated CD4 + and CD8 + LTs and regulatory T cells leave the spleen for the ganglia draining the genital tract.
- the invention therefore also relates to bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae and / or extracts thereof characterized in that said bacteria have been previously treated with at least one peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially at least one a ⁇ -lactam for their use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- the invention also relates to the use of a composition comprising bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae and / or extracts thereof characterized in that said bacteria have been previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially at least one ⁇ -lactam, for the manufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of infections of bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- the invention also relates to a method of treatment, preferably prophylactic, of infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae by a composition comprising bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae and / or extracts thereof, said bacteria having been previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially at least one ⁇ -lactam.
- said method of treatment comprises a step of administering said composition to a subject likely to be infected by bacteria.
- this administration results in an increase in the population of activated specific CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes activated in the spleen and their migration to the ganglia draining the infected genital tract.
- this administration results in a decrease in the population of regulatory T lymphocytes in the spleen and an increase in the ganglia draining the infected genital tract.
- this administration results in an increase in the activated specific effector CD4 + and CD8 + T cell population and their migration to the genital tract draining ganglia and a decrease in the regulatory T cell population in the spleen and an increase in the ganglia draining the infected genital tract.
- infection with a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae or “infection with a Chlamydiaceae” means the presence in at least one cell of the body of the patient or the animal of said bacterium family Chlamydiaceae.
- the infection can be genital, ocular, respiratory or pulmonary; it can also affect other sites, such as vascular endothelium or joints.
- pathology caused by infection with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae is meant within the meaning of the invention any disease whose triggering is directly or indirectly caused by infection with at least one bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- Chlamydiaceae in the sense of the invention are thus more particularly included in abortions and neonatal mortalities caused by Chlamydophila abortus, as well as conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, purulent rhinitis, enteritis, bronchopneumonia.
- Chlamydia pneumoniae infections cause a form of pneumonia and that Chlamydophila psittaci is responsible for psittacosis. It is also known that infections by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae disseminate in the body causing many infections and atypical pathologies such as cardiovascular and circulatory dysfunctions (atheroma).
- the pathologies caused by infection with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae are ocular pathologies or genital pathologies.
- ocular pathologies caused by infection with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae include trachoma.
- genital pathologies caused by infection with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae include lymphogranuloma venereum or Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease.
- genital pathologies in humans caused by infection with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae include pathologies such as urethritis and orchi-epididymitis. These can lead to a decrease in male fertility.
- an infection by bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae cause in the female genital pathologies such as cervico-vaginitis, cervicitis, endocervites, urethritis, endometritis or peri-hepatitis, which can lead to complications such as high genital infections and, in particular, salpingitis that can evolve, among other things, towards the formation of pyosalpinx and hydrosalpinx, which cause total obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
- Salpingitis is the main risk factor for tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancy in women.
- compositions furthermore comprising other active ingredients, or a mixture of active principles, thus allow a better protection of the general health of the subjects, and consequently a better protection against infections by the bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- the composition further comprises another active ingredient.
- this other active ingredient is, within the meaning of the invention, another vaccine composition.
- vaccine compositions that may reduce the risk of pneumococcal infections, tetanus, polio, influenza, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, HPV (Human papilloma virus), tuberculosis (for example by Bacille Calmette Guerin). More preferably, said other vaccine composition is capable of increasing, in vaccinated individuals, the amplitude and speed of the protective immune response.
- compositions according to the invention will also be able to choose the best routes and modes of administration of the composition according to the invention, as well as optimal dosages and galenic forms, according to the criteria generally taken into account in the manufacture of a medicament or the establishment of a pharmaceutical or veterinary treatment.
- these compounds will be administered systemically, in particular intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, orally, or topically (by means of gel, aerosols, drops, etc. .).
- parenterally for example subcutaneous, intradermal, or intramuscular
- mucosal eg intranasal, sublingual, intravaginal, transcutaneous.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the invention will be administered repeatedly, spread over time. Its mode of administration, its dosage and its optimal dosage form can be determined according to the criteria generally taken into account in the establishment of a treatment adapted to a patient such as the age or the body weight of the patient, the gravity general condition, tolerance to treatment and side effects noted.
- the composition according to the invention is prepared in any galenical form known to those skilled in the art, for example in liquid or gel form, such as solutions, suspensions, syrups, or in the form of a spray, or in solid form, such as in the form of tablets, microspheres, or capsules.
- the composition according to the invention is prepared in the form of a solution or an injectable suspension. According to a variant of the invention, the composition is freeze-dried in order to be supplied or prepared in solid form.
- the solution according to the invention is administered at a therapeutically effective dose, in particular at an immunogenic dose that is to say capable of inducing an antigen-specific immune response.
- the antigen-specific immune response can be measured by any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the antigen-specific immune response is evaluated by measuring the concentration of antibodies (immunoglobulins or Ig) specific for the bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae used, in the subject, in particular IgM, IgG and IgA, at a given time after the last administration of the composition, by Elisa or Elispot test.
- the antigen-specific immune response is evaluated from biological samples of the subject, such as, for example, blood, serum, tears or vaginal secretions.
- the composition according to the invention is administered according to a vaccination scheme comprising several administrations.
- the composition is administered repeatedly between 2 and 4 times over a period of 15 to 90 days, and then one or more booster administrations are carried out between 1 and 10 years from the first administration. .
- the composition according to the invention further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the composition according to the invention may further comprise diluents, such as sodium, calcium carbonate, or lactose, for example, lubricating agents, such as, for example, magnesium stearate, dyes, flavoring agents, texturizing agents, antibiotics, for example thimerosal or antibiotics of the ⁇ -lactam family, proteins, in particular albumin or ovalbumin, stabilizers, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) and 2-phenoxyethanol.
- a fourth aspect of the invention also relates to a method for in vitro diagnosis of infection with a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae in a subject, comprising the steps of: a) contacting a sample of said subject with a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae previously treated with at least one peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular a ⁇ -lactam, and
- said method comprises the steps of: a) bringing said sample into contact with specific antibodies of said bacterium generated against said bacterium previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially a ⁇ lactamine, said antibodies comprising a label producing a detectable signal, or being attached to a detectably labeled reagent;
- the invention relates to a diagnostic kit for the detection of infection with a bacterium of the Chlamydiaceae family, comprising said bacterium previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular a ⁇ -lactamine, together with substances for performing a humoral immunity determination assay against said bacterium, in a unit packing container.
- a diagnostic kit for the detection of infection with a bacterium of the Chlamydiaceae family comprising said bacterium previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, in particular a ⁇ -lactamine, together with substances for performing a humoral immunity determination assay against said bacterium, in a unit packing container.
- the diagnostic kits according to the invention include without limitation the kits for immunological methods such as immunohistochemistry, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), "western blotting", immunoenzymometry, immunofluorometry, immunoluminometry, immunoradiometry ( IRMA), ⁇ (Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique), lateral flow immunoassay, dipstick tests, immuno histo / cyto-chemistry and all other tests that are known to those skilled in the art.
- immunological methods such as immunohistochemistry, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), "western blotting", immunoenzymometry, immunofluorometry, immunoluminometry, immunoradiometry (IRMA), ⁇ (Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique), lateral flow immunoassay, dipstick tests, immuno histo / cyto-chemistry and all other tests that are known to those skilled in the art.
- immunological methods such as immunohistochemistry, ELISA (Enzy
- the invention therefore also provides, according to a sixth aspect, the use of a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially a ⁇ -lactam, as an in vitro diagnostic reagent in a binding, optionally in a diagnostic kit, for the detection of neutralizing antibodies conferring immunity against said bacterium. It also relates to the use of antibodies specific for a bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae generated against said bacterium previously treated with a peptidoglycan inhibitor, especially a ⁇ -lactam, as an in vitro diagnostic reagent in a binding assay , possibly in a diagnostic kit, for the detection of said bacterium.
- the present invention also includes other features and advantages which will emerge from the examples which follow, and which should be considered as illustrating the invention without limiting its scope.
- Figure 1 Vaccine efficacy of BL forms.
- BL forms result in a significant decrease in the number of infected mice.
- Figure 2 Proportion of animals from different immunization groups (Mefs, b-Lac, b-Lac / 3, De) with vaginal loss of Chlamydia muridarum at different times after infection. °: p ⁇ 0.08; * p ⁇ 0.05; ** p ⁇ 0.01; *** p ⁇ 0.005 compared to the Mefs group (Mann Whitney test).
- Figure 3 A-Characterization of cell loss at the lamina intestinal of the uterine horns of mice, uterine horn normal grade 0, (A), grade 1 (B), grade 2 (C), grade 3 (D), snapshots taken at 10X magnification.
- Figure 5 Number of total CD4 + T lymphocytes, and activated after complete immunization by the vaccine forms.
- the total number of CD4 + T lymphocytes (A) as well as the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes exhibiting activation markers are shown by focusing on the membrane expression of CD25 (B), CD44 hl CD62L 10W (C) , ICOS + (D) and the intracellular expression of FoxP3 to highlight the regulatory T cell population (E).
- Figure 6 Number of total CD8 + T lymphocytes, and activated after complete immunization by the vaccine forms.
- the total number of CD8 + T cells (A), as well as the number of CD8 + T lymphocytes exhibiting activation markers are shown by focusing on the membrane expression of ICOS (B), and CD44 hl CD62L 10W ( VS).
- Unpaired t-test the symbols *, represent the measurements of the p values resulting from the tests carried out with respect to the MEF control (* p ⁇ 0.05,).
- ns or the absence of stars indicates the absence of statistically significant differences between the group of control animals immunized with sonicate of uninfected MEF cells and the group of control animals injected with PBS alone, or between the MEF and b-Lac groups, or MEF and De.
- Figure 8 Number of total CD4 + and CD8 + T splenic lymphocytes, and activated after complete immunization with the vaccine forms and one week after intra-vaginal Chlamydia infection muridarum.
- the total number of CD4 + (A) and CD8 + (D) T lymphocytes and their activation profile are here represented by looking at the number of CD25 + T cells among the CD4 + T (B) and CD8 + T T cells.
- the total number of CD4 + (A) and CD8 + (E) T lymphocytes, as well as their activation profile, are here represented by focusing on the CD4 + CD25 + (C) and ICOS + (D) lymphocyte population, and to the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes and CD8 + CD44 hi CD62L 10W (B and F respectively).
- Unpaired t-test the symbols *, **, represent the measurements of the p values resulting from the tests carried out with respect to the MEF control (* p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01,).
- the symbol "ns" or the absence of stars indicates the absence of statistically significant differences between the group of control animals immunized with sonicate of uninfected MEF cells and the group of control animals injected with PBS alone, or between the MEF and b-Lac groups, or MEF and De.
- Figure 10 The number of proliferating CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes in the ganglia draining the genital tract and the spleen after complete immunization with the vaccine forms and one week intravaginal post-infection with Chlamydia muridarum.
- the total number of proliferating CD4 + (A) and CD8 + (B) T lymphocytes in the ganglia draining the genital tract (I) and the spleen (II) is presented here.
- Unpaired t-test The "ns" symbol or absence of stars indicates no statistically significant differences between the group of control animals immunized with uninfected MEF sonicate and the group of control animals injected with PBS alone, or between the MEF and b-Lac groups, or MEF and De.
- Figure 1 Number of total and proliferating CD4 + regulatory T lymphocytes in the ganglia draining the genital tract and the spleen after complete immunization by the vaccine forms and one week post-infection.
- the total number of total regulatory (T) and proliferative (B) regulatory CD4 + (T) lymphocytes in the ganglia draining the genital tract (I) and the spleen (II) is presented here.
- Unpaired t-test The symbols represent the measurements of the p values from the tests performed with respect to the MEF control (* p ⁇ 0.05,).
- the symbol "ns" or the absence of stars indicates the absence of statistically significant differences between the group of control animals immunized with sonicated uninfected MEF cells and the group of control animals injected with PBS alone, or between the MEF and b-Lac groups, or MEF and De EXAMPLES
- C57BL / 6J mice were vaccinated with different compositions and then secondarily infected with bacteria of the family Chlamydiaceae.
- the different bacterial forms were produced in embryonic fibroblasts from C57BL / 6J mice.
- embryonic fibroblasts from C57BI / 6 mice with Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) were infected in vitro.
- This strain is genetically very close to Chlamydia trachomatis. It infects the mouse and the guinea-pig but not the human species, and causes the same physiopathological sequelae in the genital tract as in humans.
- C1 -composition comprising an infectious form of Cm or also called virulent form (72 h in vitro cell infection and removal of the cell lysate)
- This form is a BL form and in particular a b-Lac form.
- IP intraperitoneally
- 4 groups were injected intraperitoneally (IP) one or more times with one of the compositions, and then the 4 groups were infected vaginally with the infectious form of Cm.
- the amount of composition used for each injection corresponded to about 10 cm 2 of cells (MEF) cultured in vitro, 100% infected, in a volume of 150 ⁇ by IP injection.
- mice an IP injection (at the time to) of the form 1 of the bacterium.
- t0 + 39j vaginal infection with 1 million IFU of Cm.
- mice 3 mice: three IP injections (to, to + 10j, to + 21 j) of the form 2 of the bacterium. At t + 39j, vaginal infection with 1 million IFU of Cm.
- mice 4 mice: three IP injections (to, to + 10j, to + 21 j) of the form 3 of the bacterium. At t + 39j, vaginal infection with 1 million IFU of Cm.
- mice After infection, the mice were kept isolated for 82 days, without any antibiotic treatment, in order to allow pathophysiological sequelae to develop. The mice were then sacrificed and examined: macroscopic appearance of the genital tract, search for tissue lesions (hydrosalpinx, deformities, fluid cysts,), measurement of the weight of the spleen, removal of various organs (including para-aortic lymph nodes draining uterus) for further analysis. Results obtained:
- mice 3/4 of the mice had tissue lesions of the upper genital tract on at least one of the 2 uterine horns (spleen 106 +/- 3g, normal para-aortic lymph nodes)
- mice 1/3 of the mice had tissue lesions of the upper genital tract on at least one of the 2 uterine horns (spleen 14 +/-
- Group 3 2/3 of the mice had tissue lesions of the upper genital tract on at least one of the uterine horns (280 +/- 81 g spleen, normal para-aortic lymph nodes). A mouse was sacrificed 60 days after infection because it had skin wounds and significant weight loss, potentially unrelated to experience.
- Group 4 no mice had tissue damage of the upper genital tract (111 +/- 17g spleen, normal para-aortic lymph nodes)
- mice show sequelae (tissue damage of the genital tract)
- mice show sequelae (tissue damage of the genital tract)
- mice show sequelae (tissue damage of the genital tract)
- mice show sequelae (tissue damage of the genital tract)
- mice ⁇ 0/5 mice (0%) have sequelae (tissue damage of the upper genital tract)
- mice have sequelae (tissue lesions of the upper genital tract
- mice have sequelae (tissue damage of the upper genital tract)
- mice 4 groups of 10 female mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection on D0, J0 + 10, JO + 21 with either an extract of C57 / BL6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Mefs) or with the b-Lac (b-Lac) form. either with the Lac form diluted to one third of the usual dose (b-Lac / 3), or with the form De (De).
- Mefs C57 / BL6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- b-Lac b-Lac
- Lac form diluted to one third of the usual dose
- De De
- the animals were cycled by subcutaneous injection of 50 ⁇ l of Deprovera (50 mg / ml, Pfizer).
- mice in the b-Lac group have no macroscopic lesions.
- the uterine horns were fixed with paraformaldehyde, dehydrated and paraffin embedded. Longitudinal sections were stained with HPS (Hemalum Phloxine, Saffron) to highlight the different structures of the uterine horn (myometrium and endometrium including epithelium and lamina propria).
- HPS Hemalum Phloxine, Saffron
- the selection strategy (gating) of CD4 + T or CD8 + T lymphocyte populations used was as follows: FSC / SSC (diffraction of light emitted at small angles and at 90 °), Singulets (elimination of cell doublets), CD19 negative (exclusion of B lymphocytes), CD3 + (selection of T cells carrying a TCR) and CD4 + (CD4 + T lymphocytes) or CD8 + (CD8 + T lymphocytes).
- the study of the number of CD4 + regulatory T cells (Treg) was performed after permeabilization of splenocytes and intracellular labeling of the FoxP3 molecule.
- the gating strategy of the regulatory CD4 + T cells (Treg) used was FSC / SSC, Singulets, CD19 negative (B-cell exclusion), Fixable Viability Dye + (viable cell selection), CD3 + (T-lymphocytes). ), CD4 + (CD4 + T cells) and FoxP3 + (Treg selection, a strong expression of FoxP3 is a specific marker for Tregs).
- Statistical analyzes were performed using the GraphPad Prism software.
- the total numbers of lymphocytes, or CD4 + or CD8 + T cells are not significantly different between the different groups ( Figures 4, 5A, 6A).
- the number of activated CD4 + CD44 hi CD62L 10W T cells is significantly increased following immunization with the b-Lac vaccine form only ( Figure 35).
- the ICOS expression profile on CD4 + T cells also shows a very significant increase in the number of CD4 + ICOS + T cells (ICOS being a marker reflecting the inflammatory potential of CD4 + T cells) ( Figure 5).
- the FoxP3 intracellular labeling shows a decrease in the CD4 + regulatory lymphocyte population, significant in terms of numbers following immunization with the vaccine form De.
- mice After complete immunization (three immunizations at one week interval each), the mice were cycled by an injection of progesterone (Deprovera, 50 ⁇ per mouse) and infected with Chlamydia muridarum intravaginally at 10 7 IFU. After one week post-infection, the mice were sacrificed and tested individually. Splenocytes and ganglia draining the genital tract (inguinal / para-aortic / mesenteric) were recovered and isolated. The activation profile and the number of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were studied by flow cytometry as indicated in the previous paragraph (part 1) by focusing on the expression of CD25, CD62L, CD44 and ICOS.
- Figure 7 shows the total number of lymphoid cells of the lymph nodes draining the genital tract and spleen from the 4 PBS, MEF, b-Lac or De groups. It is very clear that immunization with the b-Lac form followed intravaginal mice resulted in a marked increase in the number of draining lymphocytes (p ⁇ 0.05) and a marked decrease in the spleen (p ⁇ 0.01).
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1557211A FR3039406B1 (fr) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceae |
| PCT/EP2016/068079 WO2017017221A1 (fr) | 2015-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceae |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3328422A1 true EP3328422A1 (fr) | 2018-06-06 |
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| EP16753280.3A Pending EP3328422A1 (fr) | 2015-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceae |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (3) | US10695416B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3328422A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE69127264D1 (de) * | 1990-06-22 | 1997-09-18 | Gouchet Frank | Impfstoff zur Behandlung menschlicher Chlamydienkrankheiten |
| US5972350A (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1999-10-26 | Bayer Corporation | Feline vaccines containing Chlamydia psittaci and method for making the same |
| FR2955028B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-13 | 2012-03-02 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Traitement des infections par les chlamydiaceae par les beta-lactames |
| FR3039406B1 (fr) * | 2015-07-28 | 2020-09-18 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Composition vaccinale contre les infections a chlamydiaceae |
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| FR3039406A1 (fr) | 2017-02-03 |
| US11865169B2 (en) | 2024-01-09 |
| WO2017017221A1 (fr) | 2017-02-02 |
| FR3039406B1 (fr) | 2020-09-18 |
| US11229691B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
| US20200384098A1 (en) | 2020-12-10 |
| US10695416B2 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| US20220160861A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
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