EP3325980A1 - Accéléromètre à fibre optique - Google Patents

Accéléromètre à fibre optique

Info

Publication number
EP3325980A1
EP3325980A1 EP16766259.2A EP16766259A EP3325980A1 EP 3325980 A1 EP3325980 A1 EP 3325980A1 EP 16766259 A EP16766259 A EP 16766259A EP 3325980 A1 EP3325980 A1 EP 3325980A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
acceleration sensor
optical fiber
optic acceleration
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16766259.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Villnow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3325980A1 publication Critical patent/EP3325980A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/093—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by photoelectric pick-up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/268—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
    • G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings

Definitions

  • the fiber optic acceleration sensor relates to a fiber-optic accelerometer ⁇ sensor, in particular for use in a generator.
  • AI acceleration ⁇ sensor uses the approach to convert the deflection of a free-standing the end of an optical fiber into a change in intensity of a light signal by the detached end of the fiber is directed to a tilted mirror.
  • the resonant frequency of the sensor is defined by the elastic modulus, the moment of inertia, the density and the length of the free-standing fiber.
  • the SENS ⁇ friendliness of the sensor corresponds to the deflection at the fiber end and is described by the same parameters. External influences such as the temperature change the Ge ⁇ accuracy of the signal.
  • the fiber optic accelerometer includes fully an optical fiber that has a freestanding end ⁇ , wherein the free-standing end is vibrated under the influence of Be ⁇ acceleration, and these vibrations are detected as a measure of the acceleration. It further comprises a light source for emitting visible, ultraviolet or infrared light into the optical fiber at a free end remote end of the fiber, a mirror arranged to project a portion of light exiting the free-standing end into the optical fiber and a detection device for receiving reflected light at the end remote from the freestanding end of the fiber.
  • the core of the optical fiber has a Bragg grating in the freestanding end.
  • Bragg grating inscribed near the end of the optical fiber in its core allows the temperature of the optical fiber to be measured.
  • advantageously no additional me ⁇ chanically mounted sensor is necessary.
  • the measured temperature corresponds as far as possible to the actual sensor temperature, which also influences the measurement signal for the acceleration.
  • the detection device is designed to evaluate a reflection signal of the Bragg grating.
  • the Bennett- for the detection of the acceleration already emitted light is also used or fed their own light signal to ⁇ additionally.
  • a spectral evaluation of the Bragg grating reflex then gives the temperature of the optical fiber at the location of the Bragg grating.
  • the optical fiber may be configured as a single-mode waveguide. This allows a simplified evaluation of the temperature from the reflection signal of the Bragg grating.
  • the optical fiber may alternatively be configured as a multi-mode waveguide.
  • the signal quality with respect to the acceleration measurement is better than with a single-mode waveguide.
  • the optical fiber may be designed as a multi-core fiber with a de-Singlemo ⁇ core and at least one multimode core.
  • the single-mode core with a diameter of, for example 9 ym comprising the Bragg grating and is used to ask From ⁇ temperature.
  • the one or more multimode cores are for directing radiation to the free-standing end of the optical fiber for acceleration measurement.
  • the optical fiber may be a double cladding fiber having one or more cores, an inner cladding, and an outer cladding.
  • the numerical aperture of the inner jacket is chosen to be larger than that of the core or cores used to guide the radiation for acceleration measurement. This achieves that a greater proportion of the radiation reflected by the mirror can be trapped by the optical fiber for the return direction and thus an improved signal can be achieved, since the light reflected at the mirror hits the fiber end surface and there from the inner cladding larger numerical aperture can be coupled and guided at significantly larger angles than with a simple optical fiber.
  • the mirror can be tilted at a given power loss at a greater angle, which provides for a stronger acceleration signal.
  • An advantageous range for the numerical aperture of the core or the cores for the conduction of the radiation for the Acceleration measurement is 0.075 to 0.14.
  • An advantageous range for the numerical aperture of the inner shell is 0.22 to 0.5.
  • the inner jacket is advantageously designed as Multimo ⁇ de waveguide.
  • the Bragg grating is located near the free-standing end of the optical fiber, for example, in the 25% closest to the fiber termination of the free-standing end of the fiber.
  • Sizes for the optical fiber (s) may be, for example, 50 ym or 62.5 ym as the multimode core or, for example, 25 ym as the intermediate size, so-called Few mode.
  • the inner cladding as a multimode core may have both standard sizes such as 62.5ym for the case of a single single-mode core and larger diameters such as 200ym or 400ym.
  • the length of the fiber is desirably small enough to choose.
  • the largest possible fiber length is advantageous.
  • a fiber length of between 12 and 18 mm for the free-standing end is used for a standard multimode fiber 62/125 ym.
  • a fiber length of between 15 and 17 mm is selected and according to an advantageous embodiment, the fiber length is 16 mm.
  • a fiber length of 16 mm has been found to be advantageous in terms of resonance frequency and sensitivity.
  • a flywheel is preferably only the weight of the optical fiber.
  • an 8 ° break of the end face is used according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the azimuthal orientation of the fiber end relative to the mirror is expediently chosen so that the fracture and the mirror surface include the maximum possible angle.
  • breakage and mirror surface forming the shape of a "V" The oblique end face of the light is slightly down -. Broken out of the fiber by approximately 3.5 ° - un ⁇ th with respect to the shape of the "V" , This reduces the effective angle of incidence on the mirror.
  • the mirror is tilted by between 9 ° and 13 °.
  • the azimuthal Orien ⁇ orientation of the fiber end relative to the mirror is advantageously again that the fracture and the mirror surface angle including the maximum possible so selected.
  • breakage and the mirror surface form an the shape of a "V".
  • ⁇ sondere the mirror is tilted by 11 °.
  • mirrors and fiber ends may also be arranged to each other such that the included angle is minimized.
  • the inclined mirror surface and the break form a parallelogram-like arrangement.
  • the elements of the sensor head ⁇ preferably are designed cylindrically symmetrical.
  • the zy ⁇ -cylindrical sensor is then set off in a rectangular block.
  • a Teflon hose acts ⁇ 3 - 5 mm diameter, in which the glass fiber is loosely laid.
  • a plug for optical fibers for example, type FC-APC or E-2000.
  • Figure 1 shows a fiber optic acceleration sensor with a glass fiber and a mirror
  • Figure 2 shows a detail of the fiber optic acceleration sensor in an enlarged view
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a glass fiber
  • FIG. 4 a longitudinal section through a double sheath fiber
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a multi-core fiber.
  • the fiber-optic acceleration sensor 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises, as an essential element, a glass fiber 11. This is designed as a double-cladding fiber. A 16 mm long section of fiberglass 11 is freestanding. At the end of this section ends the glass fiber 11. Following the free portion, the glass fiber 11 is fixed in a guide member 16. In the further course, the glass fiber 11 is loosely guided in a 3.7 mm diameter Teflon tube 15. The end of the Teflon tube 15 is included along with the Füh ⁇ approximately element 16 of a first sleeve 19th To the first sleeve 19, a second sleeve 12 is provided.
  • the two ⁇ th sleeve 12 extends from the region of the first sleeve over the free-standing portion of the glass fiber 11 away.
  • the second sleeve 12 itself is open at this point, but is closed by an Al-glass mirror 14.
  • the Al glass mirror 14 is glued to the beveled end so that the Al glass mirror 14 itself is mounted obliquely to the normal plane of the fiber axis.
  • a block-shaped element 13 encloses the previously beschrie ⁇ surrounded construction of the height of the Al-glass mirror 14 to the ERS ⁇ th sleeve 19.
  • the sleeves 19, 12 and the block-shaped element 13 as well as the Al-glass mirror 14 and the réellesele ⁇ ment 16, the freestanding portion of the optical fiber 11 is completed völ ⁇ lig of the outside world, so that no disturbing influences from the outside to a measurement.
  • the cuboidal element 13 and the sleeve 12 may also be fused into a single component.
  • FIG. 2 An enlarged, but not to scale, representation of the end of the glass fiber 11 in relation to the Al glass mirror 14 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Light radiated into the glass fiber 11 exits from it into a free-jet path.
  • the Al glass mirror 14 At the Al glass mirror 14, the light is reflected and a part of the light re-enters the glass fiber 11.
  • the Al-glass mirror 14, which is not fully displayed in the enlargement shown in Figure 2, is at an angle 18 of 11 ° to the normal plane of the optical fiber axis angeord ⁇ net.
  • the distance 21 between the end of the glass fiber 11 and the Al glass mirror 14 is 50 ym in this example.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the glass fiber 11.
  • the glass fiber 11 comprises a jacket 100 and a singlemode core 101.
  • FIG. 3 shows once again that the glass fiber 11 ends at an angle 20 to the perpendicular.
  • the Bragg grating 105 is inscribed in the singlemode core 101. The distance to the end of the optical fiber 11 is not shown to scale.
  • An interrogation of the temperature of the glass fiber 11 takes place by radiation with proportions in the range of the reflection wavelength of the Bragg grating 105 is fed into the glass fiber 11 and reflected radiation is recorded.
  • the reflected radiation shows a peak power in the Reflection ⁇ onswellendorf of the Bragg grating 105, wherein the reflection wavelength of the Bragg grating ⁇ 105 depends on the temperature of the glass fiber.
  • the radiation used for this purpose can be the same radiation that is used for measuring the acceleration.
  • a separate radiation source can be used, which feeds radiation into the glass fiber 11, especially for measuring the temperature.
  • the glass fiber 11 can also be replaced by other optical fiber configurations.
  • An example of another embodiment of the optical fiber is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the optical fiber 40 shown in FIG. 4 is a double cladding fiber 35 comprising a core 30, an inner cladding 31 and an outer cladding 32.
  • the core 30 shown here is configured as a multimode core and has a diameter of 62.5 ym, while the diameter of the inner shell is 200 ym.
  • the core 30 serves for the forwarding of the light to the freestanding end of the double cladding fiber 35 and thus to the Al glass mirror 14.
  • the core 30 in turn comprises the Bragg grating 105 near the end of the double cladding fiber 35.
  • the core 30 is designed to have a small numerical aperture and therefore a low beam angle 33.
  • the numerical aperture here is 0.1.
  • the inner shell 31 has a larger numerical aperture and thus a larger acceptance angle 34, can be coupled under the light.
  • the numerical aperture here is 0.3.
  • FIG. 3 does not reproduce the emission angles or acceptance angles in an angular manner.
  • the light beam reflected back from the Al glass mirror 14 is coupled back in and guided back to the detector.
  • the angle 18 at which the Al-glass mirror 14 is tilted relative to the vertical array can be increased. So instead of an otherwise Favor ⁇ th angle of for example 11 °, an angle 12 ° or more, in particular 15 ° can be selected.
  • the lost light ⁇ power is not as large as would be the case with the use of a simple optical fiber such as glass fiber 11 and is outweighed and exceeded by the gain in signal resolution by the increased angle and the associated increased signal strength at deflection of Doppelman ⁇ teltura 35. Simultaneously, the reading of the temperature of the double clad fiber 35 ⁇ by the Bragg grating 105 allows a further increase in the accuracy of the measured acceleration value.
  • FIG. 5 A further embodiment for the optical fiber is shown in FIG. 5 in a cross-section that is not to scale.
  • the multicore fiber 50 is also a double cladding fiber having an outer cladding 51 and an inner cladding 52.
  • the inner cladding 52 now encloses a singlemode core 53 and three multimode cores 54 arranged next to one another.
  • the Bragg grating 105 is arranged in the singlemode core 53.
  • the reflection wavelength of the Bragg grating 105 is advantageously easier to interrogate than in a multimode core.
  • the multimode cores 54 serve to conduct the radiation for the measurement of the acceleration, ie in the direction of the Al-glass mirror 14. By using three multimode cores 54, a good illumination of the inner cladding 52 is produced

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

Accéléromètre à fibre optique (10) comportant : - une fibre optique (11, 35, 50) qui présente une extrémité libre, l'extrémité libre pouvant se déplacer sous l'influence d'accélérations de vibrations, - une source servant à injecter de la lumière visible, ultraviolette ou infrarouge dans la fibre optique (11, 35, 50) à une extrémité de la fibre (11, 35, 50), qui est opposée à l'extrémité libre, - un miroir (14, 24, 45) agencé pour renvoyer dans la fibre optique (11, 35, 50) une partie de la lumière sortant de l'extrémité libre, - un dispositif de détection pour recevoir la lumière renvoyée à l'extrémité de la fibre (11, 35, 50), qui est opposée à l'extrémité libre, le coeur de la fibre optique (11, 35, 50) comportant un réseau de Bragg à son extrémité libre.
EP16766259.2A 2015-09-11 2016-09-06 Accéléromètre à fibre optique Withdrawn EP3325980A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015217430.1A DE102015217430A1 (de) 2015-09-11 2015-09-11 Faseroptischer Beschleunigungssensor
PCT/EP2016/070950 WO2017042151A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2016-09-06 Accéléromètre à fibre optique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3325980A1 true EP3325980A1 (fr) 2018-05-30

Family

ID=56936394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16766259.2A Withdrawn EP3325980A1 (fr) 2015-09-11 2016-09-06 Accéléromètre à fibre optique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20180259551A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3325980A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20180049079A (fr)
CN (1) CN107949792A (fr)
DE (1) DE102015217430A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017042151A1 (fr)

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EP3573493A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2019-12-04 Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. Appareils de coiffure et leurs procédés de fonctionnement
CN110553713A (zh) * 2018-05-30 2019-12-10 中国科学院电子学研究所 光纤超声波传感器
GB2574883B (en) 2018-06-22 2022-10-19 Fibercore Ltd Optical fiber
CN110207806B (zh) * 2019-07-10 2021-10-26 国网上海市电力公司 一种斜角端面光纤振动传感器及其测量振动的方法
FR3099572B1 (fr) * 2019-07-29 2021-08-27 Safran Dispositif de mesure comprenant une fibre optique de connexion et un équipement de mesure pour l’instrumentation d’un appareillage aéronautique, et un appareillage aéronautique comprenant un tel dispositif de mesure
GB2615737A (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-08-23 Oxsensis Ltd Optical sensor
CN114383805B (zh) * 2022-03-23 2022-05-31 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 一种放电减阻设备的测量系统及测量方法
CN114878858B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2022-11-18 之江实验室 基于多芯光纤光栅的建筑拉索摆动加速度测量装置及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20180259551A1 (en) 2018-09-13
WO2017042151A1 (fr) 2017-03-16
CN107949792A (zh) 2018-04-20
KR20180049079A (ko) 2018-05-10
DE102015217430A1 (de) 2017-03-16

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