EP2210136A1 - Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation - Google Patents

Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation

Info

Publication number
EP2210136A1
EP2210136A1 EP08852841A EP08852841A EP2210136A1 EP 2210136 A1 EP2210136 A1 EP 2210136A1 EP 08852841 A EP08852841 A EP 08852841A EP 08852841 A EP08852841 A EP 08852841A EP 2210136 A1 EP2210136 A1 EP 2210136A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
light beam
machine
emission direction
collimator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08852841A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Willsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP08852841A priority Critical patent/EP2210136A1/fr
Publication of EP2210136A1 publication Critical patent/EP2210136A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3616—Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench
    • G02B6/3624—Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3604—Rotary joints allowing relative rotational movement between opposing fibre or fibre bundle ends
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
    • G02B6/3803—Adjustment or alignment devices for alignment prior to splicing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adjustment device for a coupling optics for measuring with fiber optic sensors on rotating parts, wherein a free light beam has to bridge a distance between two optical waveguides.
  • sensors are provided in particular on the rotating parts such as a rotor of such a machine.
  • the sensors must be able to be read wirelessly from the outside.
  • Of particular interest is the determination of temperature distributions and strains.
  • passive optical sensors are often used, for example optical fibers with integrated fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) as sensors for temperature and strain.
  • FBG fiber Bragg gratings
  • These sensors are interrogated, for example, ie a sensor signal is generated by coupling light into the optical waveguide and observing the reflection behavior of one of the FBGs. A change in the reflection behavior indicates an expansion or compression of the FBG. reason of mechanical stress or temperature change.
  • a free-jet coupling by means of lens collimators is necessary.
  • the adjustment of the lens collimators is very complicated, since typically a monomode fiber having a core diameter of only 5 to 9 ⁇ m is used as the light guide on the moving machine part.
  • the distance of the collimators from each other, i. The distance to be crossed by the free light beam is usually between 1 mm and 2 m.
  • the collimators can be mounted exactly in the axis of the machine, so that a constant light transmission is possible. They can also be mounted outside the axis, in which case light transmission is only possible if the collimators pass each other as part of the rotational movement.
  • Light beam should be aligned parallel to the optical axis of the receiving collimator, so that the light is optimally coupled into the receiving optical fiber. This results in a 2-dimensional angle field, for which suitable values must be found.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device with which a simplified adjustment of a light beam from an emission side to a reception side is made possible. This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.
  • the dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • the device according to the invention for the directed delivery and / or reception of a light beam has an angle adjusting element and an emitting optical waveguide connected to the angle adjusting element.
  • the optical waveguide ends in the region of the angle adjusting element and thus emits light guided by it.
  • the angle actuator is configured to allow a fixation or, in other words, a variation in the direction of travel of the light beam, with at least a portion of the possible directions of radiation passing the light beam through a predetermined point in space that is independent of the direction of radiation, the point outside the device lies.
  • one end of a further optical waveguide or a lens surface of a lens collimator at the end of the further optical waveguide is preferably selected as the point through which the light beam always passes. Then the angle adjusting element causes the light beam to always fall into the lens collimator or the optical waveguide at exactly the right place and only the direction of irradiation changes.
  • the invention thus offers the possibility of easily setting an optimum angle of incidence for a given geometry which, for example, consists of a distance between an emitting end of the optical waveguide and the irradiation end of the further optical waveguide and its relative position. This ensures the highest possible transmission of light power from the optical fiber in the other in the context of the given possibilities
  • Optical waveguide so an optimal optical coupling of the two optical fibers.
  • Winkelstellelement is the use of a ball joint. This is designed so that the movement of the end of the optical waveguide is controlled via a joint structure so that the light beam always passes through the fixed point.
  • a spherical shell element on which a ball piece is moved so that one side always points to the point in space.
  • a preferred option for the angle actuator is to use a goniometer stage.
  • the end of the optical waveguide is moved on a curved line and thereby pivoted, so that the movement ultimately corresponds to the linear movement on a spherical surface.
  • the light beam is always directed to the virtual center of this sphere.
  • the virtual center is thereby set so that it lies just on the end of the further optical waveguide or the lens surface of the lens collimator at the end of the further optical waveguide.
  • Particularly preferred two coupled goniometer stages are used. These act at right angles to each other and thus allow the end of the optical waveguide is moved in a curved surface and thereby pivoted so that the movement ultimately corresponds to the movement on a section of a spherical surface.
  • the light beam is always directed to the virtual center of this sphere.
  • the virtual center is again set so that it lies just on the end of the further optical waveguide or the lens surface of the lens collimator at the end of the further optical waveguide.
  • the light beam can in each case be aligned in parallel with the end of the further optical waveguide or the axis of the receiving collimator if so this is not too much twisted with respect to the emitting optical waveguide.
  • a lens collimator of known design is provided at the end of the emitting optical waveguide.
  • a linear actuator is additionally provided. This causes a parallel displacement of the emission direction and the point in space in one or two directions perpendicular to the emission direction.
  • the point in space can be adapted to the position of the other optical waveguide or the receiving collimator, but without changing the beam direction, ie the angle of incidence.
  • Preferred location of use of the device described is a machine in which a first element and a relative to the first element rotationally or linearly moving second element are present.
  • a pre-described device is provided on one of the elements.
  • a further optical waveguide is provided on the other element for forwarding light incident from the device.
  • the end of the further optical waveguide on the second element also has a lens collimator, namely the receiving collimator.
  • the device for the directed delivery and / or reception of a light beam can also be provided on both elements.
  • an angle adjusting element for a first direction can be provided on the one element and an angle adjusting element for a second direction perpendicular to the first direction can be provided on the other element.
  • Dispensing and / or receiving a light beam in which two goniometer stages are provided and the element, the rotates relative to the environment of the machine, only one receiving collimator.
  • a value is determined which represents the proportion of transmitted power from the optical waveguide in the second optical waveguide, and, if the value passes through a definable threshold value, a correction of the emission direction by means of the Winkelstellelements is made. In other words, it is checked by a control whether the orientation of the light beam is still optimal or the transmitted power has decreased from the optimum value and, if necessary, the alignment is corrected. As a result, optimal optical coupling can be ensured even in a machine that is subject to heavy mechanical loads and therefore can be subject to alignment with time.
  • the further optical waveguide is connected to at least one sensor for a physical variable or has such a sensor itself.
  • the further optical waveguide can have, for example, one or more fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) via which a measurement of temperature or mechanical stress can be carried out.
  • FBG fiber Bragg gratings
  • a light beam of known spectrum can be fed to the stationary part of the machine in the optical waveguide.
  • the light beam is transmitted to the other optical waveguide on a rotating machine part.
  • the latter happens only at the times when the further optical waveguide passes by the device in the course of the rotational movement.
  • the light beam is partially reflected at the FBG sensor and thus passes through the device back into the optical waveguide on the stationary machine element. There, the reflection can be evaluated.
  • the device ensures that sufficient light output between the optical waveguides is excluded. is exchanged, once after the first construction of the machine.
  • the adjustment itself can be done by motors or manually.
  • a readjustment during operation of the machine is possible, then expediently via corresponding actuators.
  • the electric machine may be, for example, a generator. Then the first element is a stator and the second element is a rotor.
  • the machine can also be a turbine system, for example a gas turbine or a steam turbine.
  • the machine may also be other types of turbines that do not necessarily produce power.
  • Figure 1 shows a turbine system with optical sensors
  • Figure 2 is an adjustment device
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of a part of a gas turbine plant 1 which is relevant for optical sensor technology.
  • the gas turbine plant 1 has a stationary housing 2 and a rotor blade 3 mounted in a rotating manner in the housing.
  • the blade 3 is equipped with a series of fiber Bragg gratings.
  • Sensors 13 ... 15 provided. These serve to determine the temperature at different locations of the rotor blade 3. Due to the distributed temperature measurement, overstressing of the rotor blade 3 can be detected quickly and reliably, which increases the service life of the rotor blade 3 and thus of the gas turbine plant 1.
  • the three fiber Bragg grating sensors 13... 15 shown here by way of example are addressed by way of example by way of a single-mode optical fiber 12, ie they are located on the same fiber.
  • the Bragg gratings of the fiber Bragg grating sensors 13 ... 15 can be designed to respond to different wavelengths and thus not interfere with each other, in other words, simultaneous readout is easily possible.
  • a light beam with a broad spectrum is known to be appropriately coupled into the monomode glass fiber 12.
  • the light beam is then partially reflected at each of the fiber Bragg grating sensors 13... 15, the reflected portion being distributed through the reflection region 16... 18 of each of the fiber Bragg grating sensors 13 is determined. Since the blade 3 is subject to extreme mechanical and thermal stresses, the rest of the sensor system, so everything except the single-mode optical fiber 12 with the fiber Bragg grating sensors 13 ... 15, outside of the rotor blade 3 accommodated, so standing Housing 2.
  • a light source 4 for example a light emitting diode, or SLED (superluminescent diode) is provided.
  • a free light beam 10 is generated via a housing-side Linsenkollima- tor 8, which closes the glass fiber 7. This runs to the moving blade side lens collimator 11, which couples the light beam 10 in the single-mode optical fiber 12.
  • the rest of the generated light beam runs the same way back, so on the moving blade side lens collimator 11 as a light beam 10 to the housing-side lens collimator 8.
  • the returning light beam is diverted to a spectrometer 19, in which an evaluation of the spectrum is carried out, from which in turn the measured values for, for example, the temperature or a mechanical load are generated.
  • the adjustment expediently includes a correct setting of four degrees of freedom, which are of course not independent of each other.
  • the light beam 10 must fall into the blade-side lens collimator 11, i. the impact point on the rotor-side lens collimator 11 must be properly set in an imaginary plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor-side lens collimator 11, which corresponds to two degrees of freedom.
  • this is first guaranteed by a corresponding pre-adjustment.
  • adjusting screws can be provided with which the emitter point, that is, the position of the housing-side lens collimator 8, can be adjusted manually.
  • the accuracy in this example must be only about 0.5 mm. If the impact point 25 is set correctly, the two further degrees of freedom must be set up appropriately. These consist of the correct angle of incidence. This is optimal if the light beam 10 is just parallel to the rotor blade-side lens collimator 11 or to the end of the single-mode optical fiber 12.
  • the alignment device 9 which is only indicated in FIG. 1 and shown in greater detail in FIG. 2, is used.
  • FIG. 2 shows the moving-blade-side lens collimator 11, on the center of which the free light beam 10 strikes.
  • the monomode glass fiber 12 with the fiber Bragg grating sensors 13... 15 is indicated in FIG.
  • the light beam 10 emanates from the housing-side lens collimator 8 on the side of the housing 2.
  • the housing-side lens collimator 8 is mounted on a goniometer device 21.
  • the goniometer device 21 has two goniometer stages and allows an adjustment of the free light beam 10 in the adjustment area 24.
  • a set screw 23 is provided on the side thereof. Since the goniometer device 21 forces a movement of the housing-side lens collimator 8 on a spherical surface, the light beam 10 always falls centrally into the rotor-side lens collimator 11.
  • Goniometer- Stage can therefore be the light beam 10 set so that it is parallel to the end of the single-mode optical fiber 12 and the axis of the blade-side lens collimator 11 and thus optimal optical coupling is guaranteed. Since the light beam 10 is always emitted parallel to the end of the single-mode optical fiber 12 or the optical fiber 7, the optimal coupling then applies also to the return direction, in which the reflected portions of the light emitted by the light source 4 must bridge the distance between the housing 2 and 3 bucket.
  • the goniometer device 21 or the two goniometer stages 21 thus provide for an already predetermined positioning of the point of impingement 25 for setting the angle of incidence, whereby the coupled into the other fiber 7, 12 optical power is maximized.
  • a second embodiment is to use motors that allow automated adjustment.
  • the construction of the adjustment device 9 is then more complex, but allows adjustment without manual intervention in the gas turbine plant 1.
  • the second embodiment largely the same structure is used as in the first embodiment. It is a linear actuator in the region of the housing-side lens collimator 8 is used, which allows an adjustment of the point of impingement 25 via motors without changing the angle of incidence. At the same time servo motors are also used in both goniometer stages 21, which in turn allow an adjustment of the angle of incidence without simultaneous change of the impact point 25. With appropriate connection and control of the servo motors can thus be adjusted from outside the gas turbine plant 1 optimal optical coupling. In principle, this also works during operation of the system.
  • the best possible optical coupling is determined during construction of the system, which allows the construction of the gas turbine plant 1. This can be done manually.
  • the angular range of the goniometer stage (s) 21 and the range of impact points 25 can be scanned machine-controlled and thus automatically determined in which settings optimal coupling is present. These settings and / or the attenuation then present in two passes through the free light path can be stored, for example.
  • the construction according to the second exemplary embodiment is used in order to use a closed-loop control. This automatically checks whether the damping deteriorates during operation. If this is the case, machine-controlled attempts can be made to achieve the optimum damping value, ie the best possible coupling, by varying the settings for the linear actuator and / or the goniometer stages 21.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation et emploie deux dispositifs à goniomètre couplés pour obtenir facilement un alignement d'un rayon lumineux de mesure sur une fibre optique dans une pièce en rotation. Les dispositifs à goniomètre sont couplés de telle sorte que le rayon lumineux, en cas de décalage au moyen de l'un ou des deux dispositifs à goniomètre, reste inchangé en atteignant le collimateur de réception.
EP08852841A 2007-11-20 2008-11-04 Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation Withdrawn EP2210136A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08852841A EP2210136A1 (fr) 2007-11-20 2008-11-04 Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07022464 2007-11-20
PCT/EP2008/064921 WO2009065727A1 (fr) 2007-11-20 2008-11-04 Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation
EP08852841A EP2210136A1 (fr) 2007-11-20 2008-11-04 Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2210136A1 true EP2210136A1 (fr) 2010-07-28

Family

ID=40279115

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08852841A Withdrawn EP2210136A1 (fr) 2007-11-20 2008-11-04 Dispositif d'ajustage pour une optique de couplage pour réaliser des mesures avec des capteurs à fibres optiques sur des pièces en rotation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8938140B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2210136A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5276112B2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI443396B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009065727A1 (fr)

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FR2988444B1 (fr) * 2012-03-20 2016-01-15 Snecma Detection d'un impact d'objet etranger a l'entree d'un moteur d'aeronef
US9611734B2 (en) * 2013-05-21 2017-04-04 Hallitburton Energy Services, Inc. Connecting fiber optic cables
FR3066273B1 (fr) * 2017-05-15 2019-05-03 Safran Aircraft Engines Systeme a fibre optique pour la detection des avaries affectant un moyeu d'helice
CN112728195B (zh) * 2021-01-14 2024-04-12 华东理工大学 一种电动阀及其执行器的扭矩和行程测量系统及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8938140B2 (en) 2015-01-20
TW200931089A (en) 2009-07-16
WO2009065727A1 (fr) 2009-05-28
US20100247056A1 (en) 2010-09-30
JP2011503667A (ja) 2011-01-27
JP5276112B2 (ja) 2013-08-28
TWI443396B (zh) 2014-07-01

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