EP3324122B1 - Fireplace - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a fireplace, comprising a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber wall and a combustion chamber, and a distributor device for supply air which is fed to the combustion chamber, the distributor device comprising a distributor which is arranged on a bottom of the combustion chamber wall, the distributor a plurality of openings which open into the combustion chamber and through which supply air can be blown directly into the combustion chamber, and a guide device for supply air is fluidically connected to the distributor, which has at least one opening through which supply air is spaced apart from the distributor on or near the combustion chamber wall can be blown into the combustion chamber.

In a wood-burning stove, fossil fuels in particular are burned in a combustion chamber which is formed within a combustion chamber wall. Flue gas is discharged through a chimney.

The FR 2 956 473 A1 reveals a stove.

The FR 1 100 380 A discloses an apparatus for improving combustion in furnaces.

The DE 36 38 361 A1 discloses an apparatus for heating.

From the WO 2015/051911 A1 is known to be a fire place.

From the WO 2007/028257 A2 a furnace is known.

From the EP 0 747 637 A2 a combustion air duct system is known.

The invention is based on the object of providing a wood-burning stove of the type mentioned at the outset which enables the most complete possible combustion, in particular of fossil fuels.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the above-mentioned fireplace in that the at least one opening of the guide device is designed such that supply air is blown diffusely into the combustion chamber at its opening, the at least one opening being slit-shaped, and the at least one opening of the Guide device is arranged in a height direction starting from the floor of the combustion chamber wall to an opposite ceiling of the combustion chamber wall at a height, based on an underside facing the floor, which is in a range between 30% and 80% of an interior height, the Interior height is a distance in the height direction between the floor and the ceiling of the combustion chamber wall.

In principle, it is advantageous if a combustion temperature is as high as possible in order to obtain combustion that is as residue-free as possible. In the The solution according to the invention is blown directly into the manifold. This direct injection takes place close to the ground. Fuel is usually accumulated via the distributor. The corresponding supply air can then be brought directly into the embers or the source of the fire.

Furthermore, supply air is blown in indirectly and diffusely via the guide device via the distributor on the combustion chamber wall at a distance from the floor or from the distributor. It has been shown that an almost complete combustion with low residues can be achieved for this purpose. In particular, secondary measures for exhaust gas cleaning are then no longer necessary.

It is provided in particular that the supply air which is blown into the combustion chamber via the distributor device is preheated and, in particular, is preheated via a heat exchanger.

It is favorable if the guide device has a plurality of fluidically separated guide elements which are fluidically connected to the distributor and each have at least one opening opening into the combustion chamber. As a result, supply air can be blown in via the guide device over a great length of the combustion chamber in relation to a combustion chamber axis, in order to promote combustion that is as complete as possible. Furthermore, there is a simple structural design. In order to achieve a high flame temperature, appropriate materials must be used for the combustion chamber wall. The fluidically separated guide elements can be produced, for example, at least partially from a ceramic material, and the separation of guide elements results in a simple structure.

It is favorable if the guide elements are arranged next to one another along a combustion chamber axis in order to ensure an optimized air supply over a correspondingly large length of the combustion chamber.

A simple structural design results if the guide elements are spaced apart from one another. For example, it is then possible to position flow tubes between spaced guide elements.

In one embodiment it is provided that a guide element, which is arranged closest to a furnace door, is blocked with respect to the discharge of supply air into the combustion chamber. This is achieved, for example, in that a coupling area of this guide element, at which in principle a coupling of supply air from the distributor into this guide element would be possible, is blocked. The corresponding guide element, which is closest to the furnace door, can then not couple any supply air into the combustion chamber. This avoids a diluting effect on the exhaust gas. The guide element closest to the furnace door can still fulfill the function of a burn plate, heat accumulator and as a release element for heat. In principle, the same guide element can be used, with only one lock having to be provided. This results in simple manufacturability while minimizing the number of components provided.

The at least one opening of the guide device is designed in such a way that supply air is blown diffusely into the combustion chamber at its opening. This results in an optimized and, in particular, as complete as possible combustion in the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment, throughflow tubes are arranged on an outside of the combustion chamber wall in thermal contact with the combustion chamber wall and / or at least partially form the combustion chamber wall. A guide element can be positioned between adjacent flow tubes or adjacent groups of flow tubes. The flow tubes are open at both ends in particular. The air in them can be heated, which then gives off convective heat to the outside space. Such a stove can give off heat to the outside space via radiant heat and convection. It is favorable if the guide device follows a course of the combustion chamber wall and in particular has one or more guide elements with a curvature. This results in an optimized influence on the combustion.

It is also advantageous if the guide device is designed as a heat storage device. This provides a corresponding heat storage mass, so that several consecutive burns can be carried out, since the stove does not cool down too much.

A simple structural design results if the guide device at least partially forms the combustion chamber wall. As a result, the guide device can also contribute to maintaining the flame in the combustion chamber in a simple manner. The number of components for building the stove can be kept low.

It is particularly advantageous if a guide element of the guide device has a half-shell area which is connected to the distributor in a fluid-effective manner and which forms a channel for supply air. Via the half-shell area, which can be formed in one piece, for example from a ceramic material, in particular preheated supply air can be directed in a targeted manner and then coupled into the combustion chamber at a distance from the openings of the distributor via the combustion chamber wall. This results in an optimized combustion with minimization of the combustion residues. Such a guide element can also be designed as a heat storage mass with the half-shell area. Furthermore, a high degree of flame retention can be achieved.

In particular, it is provided that the guide device is made at least partially and in particular a half-shell area of the guide device from one or more thermally insulating and thermally storing materials and in particular one of the following materials: Ceramic, concrete, stone, vermiculite, steel, non-flammable wool. A corresponding guide area of the guide device can be single-walled or multi-walled. In the case of a multi-wall design, a mix of materials can be provided, such as a filling structure made of non-combustible wool. In the case of a design, for example, from a ceramic material, a high level of flame resistance with good thermal insulation and heat storage capacity can be achieved with a simple and compact design and simple manufacture. This makes it possible to achieve a high combustion temperature in the combustion chamber.

It is particularly advantageous if the half-shell area has at least one recess for forming the at least one opening of the guide device which opens into the combustion chamber. The at least one opening of the guide device is designed such that supply air enters the combustion chamber diffusely at the at least one opening of the guide device (and in particular does not enter at certain points). This can be achieved by designing the at least one opening in the form of a slot. This results in an optimized combustion with regard to minimizing the combustion residues.

It is favorable if the half-shell area has a cover, in particular made of a metallic material, which faces away from the combustion chamber and in particular follows a course of the combustion chamber wall and in particular faces into an outer space. This cover closes a channel of the guide element. Supply air, which is in particular preheated and flows in the guide element, can then heat the cover and heat is emitted into the outside space via it. This makes the stove an optimized source of heat.

The at least one opening of the guide device is arranged in a height direction starting from the bottom of the combustion chamber wall to an opposite ceiling of the combustion chamber wall at a height which is in a range between 30% and 80% of an interior height lies, wherein the inner height is a distance in the height direction between the floor and the ceiling of the combustion chamber wall. This arrangement at the height mentioned is based on an underside of the at least one opening which faces the floor. It has been shown that this results in an optimized supply of air into the combustion chamber for combustion that is as residue-free as possible.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if the at least one opening of the guide device, based on an underside facing the floor of the combustion chamber wall, in a height direction starting from the floor of the combustion chamber wall to an opposite ceiling of the combustion chamber wall above the openings of the distributor, which open into the combustion chamber , lies. This results in an optimized (air) oxygen supply for the combustion process in order to obtain combustion that is as residue-free as possible and, in particular, to be able to dispense with a catalytic converter.

It is favorable if the distributor has a connection for coupling in supply air, which is located outside the combustion chamber, with a main flow direction of supply air in particular being oriented transversely to a discharge direction of supply air at the openings of the distributor when it is coupled in. This results in an optimized supply of air for a combustion process.

For the same reason, it is favorable if a main flow direction for supply air when coupling from the distributor into the guide device is oriented transversely to a main flow direction when coupling into the distributor.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if a main flow direction for supply air when coupling into the guide device is oriented transversely to discharge directions for supply air at the openings of the distributor in the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment, the distributor is or comprises a hollow body or angle body. He can then be trained in a simple way and in particular, supply air can be blown out directly via the distributor and blown out indirectly via the supply of supply air to the guide device in a simple manner.

The distributor itself can have different shapes. It can, for example, be cuboid, prismatic or (partially) cylindrical. It is particularly advantageous if the distributor is designed triangularly on an outside in a cross section with respect to a combustion chamber axis, with a triangular base surface (which can be a real surface or just a geometric surface) facing the bottom of the combustion chamber wall and a triangular apex line a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, which is opposite the bottom of the combustion chamber wall, faces. A triangular manifold is easy to manufacture. For example, it can be produced by folding a sheet metal part in particular. A triangular manifold made in this way has high durability. Furthermore, a triangular distributor has a relatively small footprint. It can be manufactured compactly and is mechanically stable.

In this way, supply air can be injected directly into embers or a source of fire via the distributor. Targeted guidance is achieved when the supply air is coupled in. Triangular is understood here to mean that the shape is exactly triangular or that it has an approximately triangular shape in which, for example, triangular corners can also be rounded. The triangle points do not have to be exact corners, but can be rounded. Triangle sides in the cross section do not have to be exact straight lines.

It is particularly advantageous if the openings of the distributor are arranged on the triangular apex line and / or are arranged at a distance from the triangular apex line. This results in an optimized coupling in particular in embers or in a source of fire. The arrangement or distribution of the openings of the distributor depends on the power requirement of the stove. In the case of a greater power requirement, for which a larger amount of supply air has to be coupled into the combustion chamber, it can be more advantageous if a distance to the triangular line is provided and, for example, the openings also have a larger cross section than corresponding openings for a fireplace lower power requirement.

In one embodiment, the triangular apex line is oriented at an acute angle to the bottom of the combustion chamber wall (or oriented at an acute angle to the combustion chamber axis), with a distance at a first end of the distributor at which supply air is coupled into the distributor the bottom is larger than at an opposite second end. The second end is in particular closer to an opening through which exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber. Such a training allows the distributor to be optimally adapted. An optimized air supply into the combustion chamber can be implemented, whereby an oven door can be made relatively large in the area of the second end. Furthermore, the flow speed can be increased towards the second end, so that an optimized combustion process in the combustion chamber can be achieved essentially over the entire length of the combustion chamber in relation to a combustion chamber axis.

It is favorable if the distributor is assigned a guide element which covers the openings in the combustion chamber towards a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, with at least one gap being formed between the guide element and the distributor in the area of the openings. The guiding element serves to prevent dirt and the like from penetrating from the combustion chamber via the openings in the distributor. Furthermore, it ensures a targeted flow guidance via which supply air can be brought directly into embers or into a source of fire.

In particular, the at least one gap forms an orifice opening into the combustion chamber, which is in fluid communication with the openings of the distributor stands, and which extends in particular along the manifold. Supply air from the openings is guided through the gap and flows into the combustion chamber at the mouth openings with a corresponding deflection. It has been shown that an optimized combustion result then results.

It is advantageous if the shape of the guide element is adapted to the distributor and, in particular, is triangular in cross section and in particular has a ridge line which is spaced parallel to a ridge line of the distributor. This results on the one hand in an optimized (dirt protection) cover and an optimized flow guidance. The ridge line is in particular a line on which the guide element is at least approximately the greatest distance from the floor of the combustion chamber. It can be a triangular point line for an exact triangle or a line on a rounded triangle point or, for example, a kind of apex line on a (partially) cylindrical distributor, etc.

In particular, based on a cross section perpendicular to a combustion chamber axis, the guide element covers at most 60% and in particular at most 50% and in particular at most 30% of one side of the distributor. This results in an optimized coupling of supply air directly from the distributor into the combustion chamber, preferably in embers or a source of fire.

It is particularly advantageous if the combustion chamber has a central plane transversely to the base, the distributor, if appropriate with an associated guide element, being arranged and designed in such a way that supply air from the distributor into the combustion chamber in both half-spaces which are separated by the central plane, can be blown in, and the guide device is designed such that supply air on the combustion chamber wall at a distance from the distributor can be blown into both half-spaces. As a result, the injection has a high degree of symmetry and combustion with high combustion temperatures and correspondingly minimized residues can be achieved. This means that no secondary measures for exhaust gas cleaning are necessary.

It is advantageous if a heat exchanger is provided to which a supply device for supply air and a discharge device for exhaust gas are thermally coupled, and to which supply air can be heated by means of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.

Preheated supply air can be fed into the combustion chamber via the heat exchanger. The preheating takes place via exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber. Preheated supply air guided in the combustion chamber can give off heat to the environment, so that an effective heat source is provided.

At the same time, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced via the heat exchanger. A high degree of efficiency is achieved in this way; the heat remaining in the exhaust gas can be minimized.

It has proven to be advantageous if the heat exchanger is designed and designed in such a way that at least approximately the inlet air when it enters the combustion chamber has the same temperature as the exhaust gas when it exits a chimney connection. It has been shown that the exhaust gas temperature can then be minimized with a corresponding optimization of the efficiency. The conditions are in particular such that when conventional fossil fuels (and in particular wood) are used, the temperature of the supply air when it enters the combustion chamber is in the range between 150.degree. C. and 230.degree.

In particular, a temperature difference (amount of (T ₁ -T ₂ )) for supply air when entering the combustion chamber (temperature T ₁ ) and for exhaust gas when exiting the chimney connection (temperature T ₂ ) is at most 40 K and in particular at at most 30 K. and especially at a maximum of 20 K.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if a percentage temperature difference (amount (T ₁ -T ₂ ) in relation to T ₁ [in K]) for supply air when entering the combustion chamber (temperature T ₁ ) and for exhaust gas when leaving the Chimney connection (temperature T ₂ ) is a maximum of 9% and in particular a maximum of 8% and in particular a maximum of 6% and in particular a maximum of 5% and in particular a maximum of 4% based on the temperature (T ₁ ) of the supply air when entering the combustion chamber.

A compact structure results when the heat exchanger is arranged next to the combustion chamber in relation to a combustion chamber axis. As a result, the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger can each be optimized for themselves. There is also a "scalable" system with which a large nominal heat range can be covered.

It is favorable if at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is assigned to the combustion chamber, which has a longitudinal extension at least approximately parallel to a combustion chamber axis and in particular a main flow direction for exhaust gas in the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is oriented at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis. This allows exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to be fed to the heat exchanger in a simple manner with a compact design of the fireplace. The heat exchanger and the combustion chamber can thus be optimized separately in a simple manner.

It is then particularly favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is arranged above a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, the combustion chamber wall having a floor opposite the ceiling, on which a distributor for supply air is arranged. Exhaust gas can then be easily decoupled from the combustion chamber and fed to the heat exchanger for cooling (and heating supply air).

It is then advantageous if at least one opening is arranged on the ceiling, through which opening exhaust gas from the combustion chamber reaches the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct. In this way, targeted removal of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber and supply to the heat exchanger can be achieved in a simple manner.

It is particularly advantageous if the combustion chamber and the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct are arranged next to the heat exchanger in relation to the combustion chamber axis. This results in a compact structure with separate optimization of the heat exchanger and the combustion chamber. In particular, the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct are arranged one above the other, based on a height direction perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. This combination of exhaust gas discharge duct and combustion chamber then in turn follows the heat exchanger in the longitudinal direction, that is, the heat exchanger is arranged next to this combination.

It is favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel opens into at least one flow channel, a flow deflection for an exhaust gas flow taking place at the transition from the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel to the at least one flow channel. The at least one flow channel is in particular part of the heat exchanger. In this way, the exhaust gas flow can be cooled in an effective manner while absorbing heat in the supply air flow.

The result is a compact structure if the at least one flow channel is arranged next to the combustion chamber in relation to the combustion chamber axis and is in particular delimited by an outside of the combustion chamber, with the at least one flow channel in particular adjoining one side of the combustion chamber which is one side of the combustion chamber facing away from an oven door. This allows the heat exchanger to be easily integrated into the stove.

It is favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel is delimited by a heat storage element and in particular at least one burnout plate, which in particular forms part of the combustion chamber wall and in particular at least partially a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall. This burn plate is made of a ceramic material, concrete material, stone material, vermiculite, etc., for example. This allows the The combustion chamber can be thermally insulated in a simple manner and heat can be stored. The result is a compact structure, since the at least one ceramic plate can also be used as a boundary wall for the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct.

It is favorable if the discharge device has a connection piece, in particular for a chimney, and the supply device has a connection piece for coupling in supply air, the connection piece of the discharge device and the connection piece of the supply device being arranged on the same side of the stove and in particular spaced apart in a vertical direction are. The connection piece of the exhaust gas routing device is intended for connection to a chimney (possibly with one or more intermediate elements). If the connecting pieces of the supply device for supply air and the discharge device for exhaust gas are arranged on the same side of the fireplace, then the heat exchanger can be implemented in a simple manner. The result is a compact, space-saving structure of the stove.

In particular, the connecting pieces are arranged on a side of the stove which faces away from a side on which a stove door is arranged. This results in a compact structure with freedom of design for the design of the fireplace.

It is favorable if at least one closable opening (inspection opening) for access to the heat exchanger is arranged on the side on which the connecting pieces are arranged. This allows the heat exchanger to be serviced and cleaned in a simple manner.

The result is a compact design of the stove with optimized heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the supply air (and thus optimized cooling of the exhaust gas) if at least one guide channel for supply air leads from the connection piece of the supply device to the connection piece of the discharge device, at least partially at the connection piece the discharge device and, in particular, a deflection element for supply air is arranged in the connection piece of the discharge device. In this way, with separate flow guidance, supply air can be coupled in in the area of the connection piece in order to enable heat transfer from exhaust gas to "fresh" supply air.

In one embodiment, at least one first flow channel for exhaust gas and a second flow channel for exhaust gas are arranged in relation to a combustion chamber axis next to the combustion chamber, with at least one guide channel of the supply device for supply air being arranged between the first flow channel and the second flow channel for exhaust gas. As a result, heat can be effectively transferred from an exhaust gas flow to a supply air flow.

It is provided in particular that the flow channels and the at least one guide channel are designed such that main flow directions in the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the at least one guide channel are at least approximately parallel or antiparallel to one another. This results in an effective heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the supply air for effective cooling of the exhaust gas.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if the flow channels and the at least one guide channel are designed such that main flow directions in the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the at least one guide channel are oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. Furthermore, this results in an optimized use of space and the stove with heat exchanger can be designed to be compact and space-saving.

It is favorable if one or more guide elements for the flow guidance are arranged in the discharge device and / or in the supply device, which guide elements are in particular in thermal contact with the heat exchanger. Through the guide element or elements, the Targeted influence of the flow guidance for exhaust gas or supply air. Furthermore, the area over which exhaust gas or supply air flows can be increased. This in turn allows heat to be given off effectively from the exhaust gas and heat to be absorbed from the supply air. The heat transfer to the heat exchanger is improved.

In one embodiment, flow-through tubes are arranged on the outside of the combustion chamber in thermal contact with the combustion chamber and / or at least partially form the combustion chamber. The flow tubes are open at their respective ends. Air that is in a flow tube is heated when the combustion chamber is heated. The convection currents of this heated air can convectively release heat to the environment. In addition to radiant heat, heat can then be given off convectively to the environment.

It is favorable if the flow tubes follow a course of the combustion chamber at least in a partial area. As a result, heat can be given off in an effective manner from the combustion chamber to air in a flow-through tube.

In one embodiment, spaced-apart flow tubes are arranged on a first side and an opposite second side of the combustion chamber, flow tubes arranged on the first side projecting into gaps between flow tubes arranged on the second side and / or flow tubes, which are arranged on the second side protrude into gaps of flow tubes which are arranged on the first side; in particular, flow tubes on the first side are arranged offset with respect to a combustion chamber axis relative to flow tubes on the second side. The result is an effective heat transfer to the surroundings of the stove with optimized use of space.

It is favorable if a heat storage element is assigned to a gap between adjacent throughflow pipes on the first side and / or the second side and is assigned in particular in a guide element for supply air into the combustion chamber. Improved flame retention in the combustion chamber can be achieved via the heat storage element. By designing it as a guide element, preheated supply air can be coupled into the combustion chamber on the combustion chamber wall, in particular at a distance from a floor of the combustion chamber wall, in order to improve the combustion.

It can be provided that at least one flow tube is arranged in the region of the heat exchanger and, in particular, is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger. This results in an optimized heat transfer to the environment. The result is a compact, uniform structure.

The invention further relates to a fireplace, comprising a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber wall, a supply device for supply air into the combustion chamber, and a discharge device for exhaust gas.

In particular, fossil fuels are burned in a fireplace. The resulting exhaust gas is fed to a chimney from the combustion chamber, which is located inside the combustion chamber wall. In particular, radiant heat is given off to the environment. In addition, a convective heat emission can also be provided.

The invention is also based on the object of providing a wood-burning stove of the type mentioned at the outset which minimizes combustion residues with an optimized degree of efficiency.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in the above-mentioned fireplace in that a heat exchanger is provided to which the Supply device for supply air and the discharge device for exhaust gas are thermally coupled, and at which supply air can be heated by means of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.

Preheated supply air can be fed into the combustion chamber via the heat exchanger. The preheating takes place via exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber. Preheated supply air guided in the combustion chamber can give off heat to the environment, so that an effective heat source is provided.

At the same time, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced via the heat exchanger. A high degree of efficiency is achieved in this way; the heat remaining in the exhaust gas can be minimized.

It has proven to be advantageous if the heat exchanger is designed and designed in such a way that at least approximately the inlet air when it enters the combustion chamber has the same temperature as the exhaust gas when it exits a chimney connection. It has been shown that the exhaust gas temperature can then be minimized with a corresponding optimization of the efficiency. The conditions are in particular such that when conventional fossil fuels (and in particular wood) are used, the temperature of the supply air when it enters the combustion chamber is in the range between approx. 150 ° C and 230 ° C.

In particular, a temperature difference (amount of (T ₁ - T ₂ )) for supply air when entering the combustion chamber (temperature T ₁ ) and for exhaust gas when exiting the chimney connection (temperature T ₂ ) is at most 40 K and in particular at at most 30 K. and especially at a maximum of 20 K.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if a percentage temperature difference (amount (T ₁ - T ₂ ) in relation to T ₁ [in K]) for supply air when entering the combustion chamber (temperature T ₁ ) and for exhaust gas when leaving the Chimney connection (temperature T ₂ ) at a maximum of 9% and in particular a maximum of 8% and in particular a maximum of 6% and in particular a maximum 5% and in particular a maximum of 4% based on the temperature (T ₁ ) of the supply air when it enters the combustion chamber.

A compact structure results when the heat exchanger is arranged next to the combustion chamber in relation to a combustion chamber axis. As a result, the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger can each be optimized for themselves. There is also a "scalable" system with which a large nominal heat range can be covered.

It is favorable if at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is assigned to the combustion chamber, which has a longitudinal extension at least approximately parallel to a combustion chamber axis and in particular a main flow direction for exhaust gas in the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is oriented at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis. This allows exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to be fed to the heat exchanger in a simple manner with a compact design of the fireplace. The heat exchanger and the combustion chamber can thus be optimized separately in a simple manner.

It is then particularly favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is arranged above a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, the combustion chamber wall having a floor opposite the ceiling, on which a distributor for supply air is arranged. Exhaust gas can then be easily decoupled from the combustion chamber and fed to the heat exchanger for cooling (and heating supply air).

It is then advantageous if at least one opening is arranged on the ceiling, through which opening exhaust gas from the combustion chamber reaches the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct. In this way, targeted removal of exhaust gas from the combustion chamber and supply to the heat exchanger can be achieved in a simple manner.

It is particularly advantageous if the combustion chamber and the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct are arranged next to the heat exchanger in relation to the combustion chamber axis. This results in a compact structure with separate optimization of the heat exchanger and the combustion chamber. In particular, the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct are arranged one above the other, based on a height direction perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. This combination of exhaust gas discharge duct and combustion chamber then in turn follows the heat exchanger in the longitudinal direction, that is, the heat exchanger is arranged next to this combination.

It is favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel opens into at least one flow channel, a flow deflection for an exhaust gas flow taking place at the transition from the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel to the at least one flow channel. The at least one flow channel is in particular part of the heat exchanger. In this way, the exhaust gas flow can be cooled in an effective manner while absorbing heat in the supply air flow.

The result is a compact structure if the at least one flow channel is arranged next to the combustion chamber in relation to the combustion chamber axis and is in particular delimited by an outside of the combustion chamber, with the at least one flow channel in particular adjoining one side of the combustion chamber which is one side of the combustion chamber facing away from an oven door. This allows the heat exchanger to be easily integrated into the stove.

It is favorable if the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct is delimited by a heat storage element and in particular at least one burn-off plate (such as ceramic plate), which in particular forms part of the combustion chamber wall and in particular at least partially a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall. This allows the combustion chamber to be thermally insulated in a simple manner and heat can be stored. The result is a compact structure, since the at least one burn-off plate also acts as a boundary wall can be used for the at least one exhaust gas discharge duct.

It is favorable if the discharge device has a connection piece, in particular for a chimney, and the supply device has a connection piece for coupling in supply air, the connection piece of the discharge device and the connection piece of the supply device being arranged on the same side of the stove and in particular spaced apart in a vertical direction are. The connection piece of the exhaust gas routing device is intended for connection to a chimney (possibly with one or more intermediate elements). If the connecting pieces of the supply device for supply air and the discharge device for exhaust gas are arranged on the same side of the fireplace, then the heat exchanger can be implemented in a simple manner. The result is a compact, space-saving structure of the stove.

In particular, the connecting pieces are arranged on a side of the stove which faces away from a side on which a stove door is arranged. This results in a compact structure with freedom of design for the design of the fireplace.

It is favorable if at least one closable opening (inspection opening) for access to the heat exchanger is arranged on the side on which the connecting pieces are arranged. This allows the heat exchanger to be serviced and cleaned in a simple manner.

The result is a compact design of the stove with optimized heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the supply air (and thus optimized cooling of the exhaust gas) if at least one guide channel for supply air leads from the connection piece of the supply device to the connection piece of the discharge device, at least partially at the connection piece the discharge device and, in particular, a deflection element for supply air is arranged in the connection piece of the discharge device. It this means that, with separate flow guidance, supply air can be coupled in in the area of the connection piece in order to enable heat transfer from exhaust gas to "fresh" supply air.

In one embodiment, at least one first flow channel for exhaust gas and a second flow channel for exhaust gas are arranged in relation to a combustion chamber axis next to the combustion chamber, with at least one guide channel of the supply device for supply air being arranged between the first flow channel and the second flow channel for exhaust gas. As a result, heat can be effectively transferred from an exhaust gas flow to a supply air flow.

It is provided in particular that the flow channels and the at least one guide channel are designed such that main flow directions in the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the at least one guide channel are at least approximately parallel or antiparallel to one another. This results in an effective heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the supply air for effective cooling of the exhaust gas.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if the flow channels and the at least one guide channel are designed such that main flow directions in the first flow channel, the second flow channel and the at least one guide channel are oriented transversely and in particular perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. Furthermore, this results in an optimized use of space and the stove with heat exchanger can be designed to be compact and space-saving.

It is favorable if one or more guide elements for the flow guidance are arranged in the discharge device and / or in the supply device, which guide elements are in particular in thermal contact with the heat exchanger. The flow guidance for exhaust gas or supply air can be specifically influenced by the guide element or elements. Furthermore, the area over which exhaust gas or supply air flows can be increased. Thereby in turn, heat can be given off effectively from the exhaust gas and heat can be absorbed from the supply air. The heat transfer to the heat exchanger is improved.

In one embodiment, throughflow tubes are arranged on the outside of the combustion chamber in thermal contact with the combustion chamber and / or at least partially form the combustion chamber. The flow tubes are open at their respective ends. Air that is in a flow tube is heated when the combustion chamber is heated. The convection currents of this heated air can convectively release heat to the environment. In addition to radiant heat, heat can then be given off convectively to the environment.

It is favorable if the flow tubes follow a course of the combustion chamber at least in a partial area. As a result, heat can be given off in an effective manner from the combustion chamber to air in a flow-through tube.

In one embodiment, spaced-apart flow tubes are arranged on a first side and an opposite second side of the combustion chamber, flow tubes arranged on the first side projecting into gaps between flow tubes arranged on the second side and / or flow tubes, which are arranged on the second side protrude into gaps of flow tubes which are arranged on the first side; in particular, flow tubes on the first side are arranged offset with respect to a combustion chamber axis relative to flow tubes on the second side. The result is an effective heat transfer to the surroundings of the stove with optimized use of space.

It is favorable if a heat storage element is assigned to a gap between adjacent throughflow tubes on the first side and / or the second side and in particular in the guide element for supply air into the Combustion chamber is assigned. Improved flame retention in the combustion chamber can be achieved via the heat storage element. By designing it as a guide element, preheated supply air can be coupled into the combustion chamber on the combustion chamber wall, in particular at a distance from a floor of the combustion chamber wall, in order to improve the combustion.

It can be provided that at least one flow tube is arranged in the region of the heat exchanger and, in particular, is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger. This results in an optimized heat transfer to the environment. The result is a compact, uniform structure.

It can be provided that a distributor device for supply air, which is fed to the combustion chamber, comprises a distributor which is arranged on a bottom of the combustion chamber wall, that the distributor has a plurality of openings which open into the combustion chamber and through which supply air directly into the combustion chamber can be blown in, and that a guide device for supply air is fluidically connected to the distributor and has at least one opening through which supply air can be blown into the combustion chamber at or near the combustion chamber wall at a distance from the distributor.

In principle, it is advantageous if a combustion temperature is as high as possible in order to obtain combustion that is as residue-free as possible. In the solution according to the invention, supply air is blown directly into the distributor. This injection takes place close to the ground. Fuel is usually accumulated via the distributor. The corresponding supply air can then be brought directly into the embers or the source of the fire.

Furthermore, supply air is blown in indirectly and in particular diffusely via the guide device via the distributor on the combustion chamber wall at a distance from the base or from the distributor. It has been shown that in addition, an almost complete combustion with low residues can be achieved.

In particular, secondary measures for exhaust gas cleaning are then no longer necessary.

It is provided in particular that the supply air which is blown into the combustion chamber via the distributor device is preheated and, in particular, is preheated via a heat exchanger.

It is favorable if the guide device has a plurality of fluidically separated guide elements which are fluidically connected to the distributor and each have at least one opening opening into the combustion chamber. As a result, supply air can be blown in via the guide device over a great length of the combustion chamber in relation to a combustion chamber axis, in order to promote combustion that is as complete as possible. Furthermore, there is a simple structural design. In order to achieve a high flame temperature, appropriate materials must be used for the combustion chamber wall. The fluidically separated guide elements can be produced, for example, at least partially from a ceramic material, and the separation of guide elements results in a simple structure.

It is favorable if the guide elements are arranged next to one another along a combustion chamber axis in order to ensure an optimized air supply over a correspondingly large length of the combustion chamber.

A simple structural design results if the guide elements are spaced apart from one another. For example, it is then possible to position flow tubes between spaced guide elements.

In one embodiment it is provided that a guide element, which is arranged closest to an oven door, with regard to the delivery of Supply air is blocked in the combustion chamber. This is achieved, for example, in that a coupling area of this guide element, at which in principle a coupling of supply air from the distributor into the guide element would be possible, is blocked. The corresponding guide element, which is closest to the furnace door, can then not couple any supply air into the combustion chamber. This avoids a diluting effect on the exhaust gas. The guide element closest to the furnace door can still fulfill the function of a burn plate, heat accumulator and as a release element for heat. In principle, the same guide element can be used, with only one lock having to be provided. This results in simple manufacturability while minimizing the number of components provided.

It has proven to be advantageous if the at least one opening of the guide device is designed in such a way that supply air is blown diffusely into the combustion chamber. This results in an optimized and, in particular, as complete as possible combustion in the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment, throughflow tubes are arranged on an outside of the combustion chamber wall in thermal contact with the combustion chamber wall and / or at least partially form the combustion chamber wall. A guide element can be positioned between adjacent flow tubes or adjacent groups of flow tubes. The flow tubes are open at both ends in particular. The air in them can be heated, which then gives off convective heat to the outside space. Such a stove can give off heat to the outside space via radiant heat and convection.

It is favorable if the guide device follows a course of the combustion chamber wall and in particular has one or more guide elements with a curvature. This results in an optimized influence on the combustion.

It is also advantageous if the guide device is designed as a heat storage device. This provides a corresponding heat storage mass, so that several consecutive burns can be carried out, since the stove does not cool down too much.

A simple structural design results if the guide device at least partially forms the combustion chamber wall. As a result, the guide device can also contribute to maintaining the flame in the combustion chamber in a simple manner. The number of components for building the stove can be kept low.

It is particularly advantageous if a guide element of the guide device has a half-shell area which is connected to the distributor in a fluid-effective manner and which forms a channel for supply air. Via the half-shell area, which can be formed in one piece from a ceramic material, in particular preheated supply air can be directed in a targeted manner and then coupled into the combustion chamber at a distance from the openings of the distributor via the combustion chamber wall. This results in an optimized combustion with minimization of the combustion residues. Such a guide element can also be designed as a heat storage mass with the half-shell area. Furthermore, a high degree of flame retention can be achieved.

In particular, it is provided that the guide device is made at least partially and in particular a half-shell area of the guide device from one or more thermally insulating and thermally storing materials and in particular from one or more of the following materials: ceramic, concrete, stone, vermiculite, steel, non-combustible Wool. A corresponding guide area of the guide device (for supply air) can be single-walled or multi-walled. In the case of a multi-wall design, a mix of materials can be provided, such as a filling structure made of non-combustible wool. In an apprenticeship, for example From a ceramic material, a high flame resistance with good thermal insulation and heat storage capacity can be achieved with a simple and compact design and simple manufacture. This makes it possible to achieve a high combustion temperature in the combustion chamber.

It is particularly advantageous if the half-shell area has at least one recess for forming the at least one opening of the guide device which opens into the combustion chamber. The at least one opening of the guide device is preferably designed in such a way that supply air enters the combustion chamber diffusely at the at least one opening of the guide device (and in particular does not enter at certain points). This can be achieved in particular by a slot-shaped design of the at least one opening. This results in an optimized combustion with regard to minimizing the combustion residues.

It is favorable if the half-shell area has a cover, in particular made of a metallic material, which faces away from the combustion chamber and in particular follows a course of the combustion chamber wall and in particular faces into an outer space. This cover closes a channel of the guide element. Supply air, which is in particular preheated and flows in the guide element, can then heat the cover and heat is emitted into the outside space via it. This makes the stove an optimized source of heat.

It is favorable if the at least one opening of the guide device is arranged in a height direction starting from the bottom of the combustion chamber wall to an opposite ceiling of the combustion chamber wall at a height which is in a range between 30% and 80% of an internal height, the internal height being a Is the distance in the height direction between the floor and the ceiling of the combustion chamber wall. This arrangement at the height mentioned is based on an underside of the at least one opening which faces the floor. It has been shown that this results in an optimized supply of air into the combustion chamber for combustion that is as residue-free as possible.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if the at least one opening of the guide device, based on an underside facing the floor of the combustion chamber wall, in a height direction starting from the floor of the combustion chamber wall to an opposite ceiling of the combustion chamber wall above the openings of the distributor, which open into the combustion chamber , lies. This results in an optimized (air) oxygen supply for the combustion process in order to obtain combustion that is as residue-free as possible and, in particular, to be able to dispense with a catalytic converter.

It is favorable if the distributor has a connection for coupling in supply air, which is located outside the combustion chamber, with a main flow direction of supply air in particular being oriented transversely to a discharge direction of supply air at the openings of the distributor when it is coupled in. This results in an optimized supply of air for a combustion process.

For the same reason, it is favorable if a main flow direction for supply air when coupling from the distributor into the guide device is oriented transversely to a main flow direction when coupling into the distributor.

For the same reason, it is advantageous if a main flow direction for supply air when coupling into the guide device is oriented transversely to discharge directions for supply air at the openings of the distributor in the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment, the distributor is or comprises a hollow body or angle body. It can then be designed in a simple manner and, in particular, supply air can be blown out directly via the distributor and blown out indirectly via the supply of supply air to the guide device in a simple manner.

The distributor itself can have different shapes. It can, for example, be cuboid, prismatic or (partially) cylindrical. It is particularly advantageous if the distributor is designed triangularly on an outside in a cross section with respect to a combustion chamber axis, with a triangular base surface (which can be a real surface or just a geometric surface) facing the bottom of the combustion chamber wall and a triangular apex line a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, which is opposite the bottom of the combustion chamber wall, faces. In this way, supply air can be injected directly into embers or a source of fire via the distributor. Targeted guidance is achieved when the supply air is coupled in. A triangular manifold is easy to manufacture. For example, it can be produced by folding a sheet metal part in particular. A triangular manifold made in this way has high durability. Furthermore, a triangular distributor has a relatively small footprint. It can be made compact (in particular by folding) and is mechanically stable. Triangular is understood here to mean that the shape is exactly triangular or that it has an approximately triangular shape in which, for example, triangular corners can also be rounded. The triangle points do not have to be exact corners, but can be rounded. The sides of the triangle and the cross-section do not have to be exact straight lines.

It is particularly advantageous if the openings of the distributor are arranged on the triangular apex line and / or are arranged at a distance from the triangular apex line. This results in an optimized coupling, especially in embers or a source of fire. The arrangement or distribution of the openings in the distributor depends on the power requirements of the stove. In the case of a greater power requirement, for which a larger amount of supply air has to be coupled into the combustion chamber, it can be more favorable if a distance from the triangular apex line is provided and, for example, the openings also have a larger cross section have than corresponding openings for a stove with a lower power requirement.

In one embodiment, the triangular apex line is oriented at an acute angle to the bottom of the combustion chamber wall (or oriented at an acute angle to the combustion chamber axis), with a distance at a first end of the distributor at which supply air is coupled into the distributor the bottom is larger than at an opposite second end. The second end is in particular closer to an opening through which exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber. This results in an optimized combustion process.

Such a training allows the distributor to be optimally adapted. An optimized air supply into the combustion chamber can be implemented, whereby an oven door can be made relatively large in the area of the second end. Furthermore, the flow rate can be increased towards the second end, so that an optimized combustion process in the combustion chamber can be achieved essentially over the entire length of the combustion chamber in relation to its combustion chamber axis.

It is favorable if the distributor is assigned a guide element which covers the openings in the combustion chamber towards a ceiling of the combustion chamber wall, with at least one gap being formed between the guide element and the distributor in the area of the openings. The guiding element serves to prevent dirt and the like from penetrating from the combustion chamber via the openings in the distributor. Furthermore, it ensures a targeted flow guidance via which supply air can be brought directly into embers or into a source of fire.

In particular, the at least one gap forms an orifice opening into the combustion chamber which is in fluid communication with the openings of the distributor and which extends in particular along the distributor. Supply air from the openings is led through the gap and flows through the mouth openings with appropriate deflection into the combustion chamber. It has been shown that an optimized combustion result then results.

It is advantageous if the shape of the guide element is adapted to the distributor and, in particular, is triangular in cross section and in particular has a ridge line which is spaced parallel to a ridge line of the distributor. This results on the one hand in an optimized (dirt protection) cover and an optimized flow guidance.

The ridge line is in particular a line on which the guide element is at least approximately the greatest distance from the floor of the combustion chamber. It can be a triangle-point line for an exact triangle or a line at a rounded triangle point or, for example, a kind of apex line on a, for example, (partially) cylindrical distributor, etc.

In particular, based on a cross section perpendicular to a combustion chamber axis, the guide element covers at most 60% and in particular at most 30% of one side of the distributor. This results in an optimized coupling of supply air directly from the distributor into the combustion chamber, preferably in embers or a source of fire.

It is particularly advantageous if the combustion chamber has a central plane transversely to the base, the distributor, if appropriate with an associated guide element, being arranged and designed in such a way that supply air from the distributor into the combustion chamber in both half-spaces which are separated by the central plane, can be blown in, and the guide device is designed such that supply air on the combustion chamber wall at a distance from the distributor can be blown into both half-spaces. As a result, the injection has a high degree of symmetry and combustion with high combustion temperatures and correspondingly minimized residues can be achieved. This means that no secondary measures for exhaust gas cleaning are necessary.

Figur 1

eine perspektivische Teilschnittansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Kaminofens;

Figur 2

die Teilschnittdarstellung gemäß Figur 1 in einer seitlichen Draufsicht;

Figur 3

eine andere perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 4

die gleiche Teilschnittansicht wie in Figur 3 in einer anderen Perspektive;

Figur 5

eine weitere perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 6

eine weitere perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 7

eine weitere perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 8

eine weitere perspektivische Teilschnittdarstellung des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1; und

Figur 9

eine Explosionsdarstellung eines Teils des Kaminofens gemäß Figur 1.

The following description of preferred embodiments is used in conjunction with the drawings to explain the invention in greater detail. Show it:

Figure 1

a perspective partial sectional view of an embodiment of a fireplace according to the invention;

Figure 2

the partial sectional view according to Figure 1 in a side plan view;

Figure 3

another perspective partial sectional view of the stove according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 4

the same partial sectional view as in Figure 3 in a different perspective;

Figure 5

a further perspective partial sectional view of the stove according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 6

a further perspective partial sectional view of the stove according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 7

a further perspective partial sectional view of the stove according to Figure 1 ;

Figure 8

a further perspective partial sectional view of the stove according to Figure 1 ; and

Figure 9

an exploded view of part of the stove according to Figure 1 .

An embodiment of a stove according to the invention, which in the Figures 1 to 9 is shown in different partial representations and sectional representations and is denoted by 10, comprises a combustion chamber 12. The combustion chamber 12 has a combustion chamber wall 14, within which a combustion chamber 16 is formed.

The combustion chamber 16 is used to receive fossil fuels and combustion takes place in it.

In one embodiment, the combustion chamber 16 has at least approximately the shape of a (hollow) cylinder.

The combustion chamber 12 and thus the combustion chamber 16 have a combustion chamber axis 18 along which the combustion chamber 12 extends. The combustion chamber 16 is designed to be at least approximately rotationally symmetrical to this combustion chamber axis 18.

The combustion chamber 12 is closed on a first side 20 via a first combustion chamber wall area 21. On an opposite, second side 22, it is closed by a second combustion chamber wall area 23. The first combustion chamber wall area 21 and the second combustion chamber wall area 23 are spaced apart from one another in the combustion chamber axis 18. In particular, they are arranged parallel to one another. They are each designed, for example, in the shape of a disk.

The stove 10 has an oven door, which in Figure 1 is indicated by the reference number 24. The furnace door 24 is arranged on the second side 22 on the second combustion chamber wall area 23. It can be opened and closed. With the furnace door 24 open, fuel can be introduced into the combustion chamber 16 or a cleaning process can be carried out.

An opening 26 in correlation with the furnace door 24 is formed on the second combustion chamber wall region 23 in order to enable the mentioned access to the furnace door 24 into the combustion chamber 16.

The combustion chamber wall 14 has a third combustion chamber wall area 28, which is connected to the first combustion chamber wall area 21 and the second combustion chamber wall area 23, and by means of which the combustion chamber 12 with the combustion chamber 16 formed therein is closed in a jacket-like manner.

The fireplace 10 has a floor 30 and a ceiling 32 opposite the floor 30. The ceiling 32 is in a height direction 34 (cf. Figure 7 ) at a distance from the floor 30.

When the stove 10 is properly set up, the ceiling 32 is positioned above the floor 30 in relation to the direction of gravity g. In particular, the height direction 34 is then at least approximately parallel to the direction of gravity g.

In relation to the vertical direction 34, an exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is formed above the combustion chamber 12 and is connected directly to the combustion chamber 16 in a fluid-effective manner. This exhaust gas discharge channel 36 has a direction of extent 38 which is at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis 18. The exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is delimited towards the combustion chamber 12 by the ceiling 32 of the combustion chamber wall 14.

The exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is delimited by an outer housing 40 towards an outer space of the fireplace 10.

To the front in the direction of the combustion chamber axis 18, the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is delimited by the second combustion chamber wall region 23.

The combustion chamber wall 14 has (at least) one opening 42 through which exhaust gas can flow from the combustion chamber 16 into the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 in order to discharge exhaust gas accordingly and, in particular, to couple it into a chimney.

In one embodiment, the ceiling 32 of the combustion chamber wall 14 includes one or more burn plates 44 such as ceramic plates. Such a burn-up plate 44 or burn-up plates 44 delimit the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 downwards to the combustion chamber 12.

The burn plate 44 or the burn plates 44 can be placed on the combustion chamber 12 or can themselves form part of the combustion chamber wall 14 and in particular the ceiling 32 or a part of the ceiling 32.

The opening 42 is formed between an end face 46 of the burn plate 44 or burn plates 44 and an inner side of the second combustion chamber wall region 23.

The opening 42 is arranged above the opening 26 in the second combustion chamber wall region 23 in relation to the height direction 34.

A heat exchanger 48 adjoins the combustion chamber 12 and the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 on the first side 20. The exhaust gas discharge duct 36 connects the combustion chamber 12 to the heat exchanger 48 on the exhaust gas side.

In particular, it is provided that the heat exchanger 48 is connected directly to the combustion chamber 12 on the supply air side (see below).

On the inlet side, the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is connected to the combustion chamber 16 in a fluid-effective manner via the opening 42. On the output side, it is connected to the heat exchanger 48 in a fluid-effective manner. Supply air for the combustion chamber 16 can be preheated via appropriately decoupled exhaust gas, and exhaust gas is correspondingly cooled. This is explained in more detail below.

The combustion chamber 12 is assigned a distributor device 50 for supply air. Supply air (“fresh air”) is coupled into combustion chamber 16 in a defined manner via this distributor device 50.

The distributor device 50 comprises a distributor 52. This distributor 52 is arranged in the combustion chamber 16 on the base 30 of the combustion chamber wall 14 and extends in a longitudinal direction parallel to the combustion chamber axis 18 in the combustion chamber 16.

The manifold 52 has a first end 54 and an opposite second end 56. The distributor 52 is connected to the first combustion chamber wall region 21 in a fluid-tight manner via the first end 54. The second end 56 is seated on or in the region of the second combustion chamber wall region 23.

The first end 54 of the distributor 52 is related to the part of the distributor 52 which is positioned in the combustion chamber 16. The distributor 52 can have an area beyond the first end 54 which penetrates (with a fluid-tight connection) through the first combustion chamber wall area 21, or it can be connected to the first combustion chamber wall area 21 at the first end 54.

The distributor 52 has (at least) one inner channel 58 (cf. Figure 6 ), into which supply air can be coupled via a connection 60. The connection 60 is located at the first end 54 or in the vicinity of the first end 54 outside the combustion chamber 16.

The distributor device 50 with the distributor 52 is connected on the input side to the heat exchanger 48 via the connection 60.

In relation to its outer side 62, which faces into the combustion chamber 16, the distributor 52 has a triangular shape 64 in cross section (in relation to the combustion chamber axis 18) in one embodiment (cf. Figure 7 ).

For example, the distributor 52 is designed as a triangular prism or comprises such a triangular prism.

In an alternative embodiment, the distributor 52 comprises an angle element 66 (cf. Figure 7 ) with a first leg 68a and a second leg 68b, the first leg 68a and the second leg 68b on a ridge line 70 are connected to one another and are oriented transversely to one another. The inner channel 58 is then formed by an interior space between the first leg 68a and the second leg 68b.

Such an angle element can be produced in a simple manner, for example, by folding a sheet metal element. It is mechanically stable and compact.

In principle, it is also possible for the distributor to have a shape other than a triangular shape, such as, for example, a cylindrical shell shape or a cuboid shape.

Triangular is understood here to mean that the shape is that of a triangle or is approximately that of a triangle (for example in relation to the envelope). In the case of the triangular shape, sharp edges can be provided or the edges (at triangular corners) can be rounded.

The distributor 52 has a triangular point line 72, which corresponds to the line on which the triangular points of the triangular shape 64 lie for all cross-sectional areas to the combustion chamber axis 18.

The triangular apex line 72 corresponds to the ridge line 70.

The triangular line 72 is at a distance from the floor 30 in the height direction 34 and points towards the ceiling 32.

The manifold 52 also has a triangular base surface 74 which faces the floor 30 (and which is spaced from the triangular apex line 72).

The triangular base surface 74 can be an actual surface, in particular if the distributor 52 is designed as a triangular prism, or a geometric surface, for example between the end faces of the first leg 68a and of the second leg 68b of the angle element 66, these end faces facing the floor 30. It is provided that the distributor 52 is set up loosely on the floor 30. This allows the distributor 52 to be removed and the combustion chamber 12 to be cleaned in a simple manner.

The combustion chamber 12 and thus also the combustion chamber 16 have a central plane 76 (cf. Figure 1 ). The center plane 76 extends in the height direction 34 and along the combustion chamber axis 18. (The center plane 76 is spanned by vectors along the height direction 34 and the combustion chamber axis 18.)

Owing to the triangular shape 52 of the distributor 52, the outer sides 62a, 62b of the distributor 52 are each oriented at an acute angle to the central plane 76 and extend as far as the bottom 30 (cf. in particular FIGS Figures 7 and 9 ).

In one embodiment, the triangular apex line 72 or the ridge line 70 is inclined to the combustion chamber axis 18 and thus also to the floor 30; the triangular apex line 72 lies at an acute angle to the combustion chamber axis 18. In the area of the first end 54, a distance between the triangular apex line 72 and the base 30 is greater than in the area of the second end 56.

The outer contour of the distributor 52 sloping towards the second end 56 and thus towards the furnace door 24, that is to say towards the furnace door 24, results in an optimized use of space in the combustion chamber 12. The distributor 52 can thus be configured in such a way that it does not protrude into the oven door 24. Furthermore, the flow velocity can be increased through the resulting narrowing of the cross-section in the inner channel 58 towards the second end 56. This results in an optimized combustion over the entire length of the combustion chamber 16 along the combustion chamber axis 18.

In this embodiment, the distributor 52 has outer sides 62a, 62b which slope away from the central plane 76 to the base 30 and also slope parallel to the central plane 76 (or in the central plane 76) towards the second end 56.

The distributor 52 has a plurality of openings 78 (cf. Figure 9 ). These openings 78 are in fluid communication with the inner channel 58. Through the openings 78, supply air can be blown from the distributor 52 directly into the combustion chamber 16.

The openings 78 are arranged on the ridge line 70 or triangular apex line 72. They are arranged directly on the triangular apex line 72 and / or are arranged at a distance from it. The arrangement and design of the openings 78 is dependent on the power requirement of the fireplace 10. This can be designed in the range between 4 kW (and smaller) and 50 kW (or larger). If the power requirement is greater, there is a higher supply air requirement and more openings and / or larger openings must be provided, so that it may be necessary, for example, to arrange openings 78 at a distance from the ridge line 84.

In one embodiment, the guide member 76 is made at least partially from a ceramic material. In particular, a half-shell area 98 (see below) is produced in one piece from a ceramic material.

It is also possible, for example, for the guide device 94 or a guide element 96 to be made at least partially from a concrete material or stone material or from vermiculite. In principle, production from steel is also possible. It is again possible that a corresponding material is provided or a mix of materials is provided. The guide device 94 with the guide elements 96 can in turn be single-walled or multi-walled. With a multi-walled Training, for example, a "filler material" such as a non-flammable wool is provided.

The arrangement of the openings 78 is symmetrical to the center plane 76.

In one embodiment, a plurality of openings 78 are positioned equally spaced on the triangular apex line 72 (see FIG. Figure 9 ).

The openings 78 are positioned at a distance from the floor 30.

In particular, they are arranged and designed in such a way that a main flow direction of supply air when exiting the openings 78 is (initially) parallel to the height direction 34 or at a small acute angle (in particular less than 60 °) of the height direction 34.

A guide element 80 is assigned to the distributor 52. The guide element 80 is designed, for example, as an angle element 82 and has a ridge line 84 (cf. in particular Figure 7 ). The guide element 80 is positioned in the vertical direction 34 above the distributor and covers the openings 78. The guide element 80 follows the distributor 52 in its course. In particular, the ridge line 84 is spaced parallel to the ridge line 70.

A gap 86 is formed at the openings 78 between the guide element 80 and the distributor 52. This gap 86 acts as a flow channel through which supply air which emerges from the openings 78 can flow.

A side length of the guide element 80, based on a cross section to the combustion chamber axis 18, is smaller than a corresponding side length of the assigned outer side 62a and 62b of the distributor 52. The guide element 80 essentially only covers a ridge area of the distributor 52 at the triangular apex line 72 with the openings 78 from.

The gap 86 forms a mouth opening 88 which lies at one end of corresponding side edges of the angle element 82. This mouth opening 88 is in fluid communication with the openings 78 and points into the combustion chamber 16. Supply air from the openings 78 can flow through the gap 86 and enters the combustion chamber 16 at the respective mouth openings 88 (symmetrical to the center plane 76).

The guide element 80 ensures that the supply air flows. By covering the openings 78, it is largely prevented that fuel particles and embers can get into the inner channel 58. Furthermore, even if there is fuel or embers on top of the distributor 52, it is ensured that supply air can flow into the combustion chamber 16 via the distributor 52.

In one embodiment, manifold 52 includes a base member 90 ( Figure 9 ), on which the angle element 76 or the corresponding triangular prism are arranged.

The base element 90 is placed loosely on the floor 30.

The distributor 52 has through openings 92 to which a guide device 94 for supply air is connected in a fluid-effective manner. The guide device 94 serves to couple supply air, which is coupled in via the distributor 52, at a distance from the distributor 52 on the combustion chamber wall 14 into the combustion chamber 16.

In one embodiment, the guide device 94 comprises a plurality of guide elements 96.

It is provided, in particular, that the guide elements 96 are basically designed in the same way.

A guide element 96 (see in particular Figure 8 ) is designed in particular as a heat store or thermally insulating.

In one embodiment, the stove 10 has a guide element 200 which is closest to the stove door 24. This guide element 200 is basically designed in the same way as the other guide elements 96. However, the coupling of supply air from the distributor 52 into this guide element 200 is blocked. This is achieved, for example, in that a corresponding opening 92 on the base element 90 of the distributor 52 is blocked or does not exist. Supply air cannot then be blown into the combustion chamber 16 via this guide element which is closest to the furnace door 24. The dilution of the exhaust gas, which is basically caused by the supply air blown in there, is avoided.

In particular, only one guide element (possibly on both sides of the combustion chamber 16) for the furnace door 24 is designed in this way.

An otherwise identical design as the other guide elements 96 results in a simple structural design; the number of components for the stove 10 can be kept low. Furthermore, through such a guide element 200, heat can be given off to the outside via preheated supply air and via a corresponding heat storage material of the guide element 200.

It has a half-shell area 98 which has a first wall 100, an opposing second wall 102 and a bottom wall 104 which is connected to both the first wall 100 and the second wall 102 and lies between them. The bottom 104 faces the combustion chamber 16.

A channel 106 is formed between the bottom wall 104, the first wall 100 and the second wall 102. This channel 106 to the combustion chamber 16 is closed via the bottom wall 104.

The bottom wall 104 in particular forms part of the combustion chamber wall 14 and in particular outside the bottom 30 of the combustion chamber wall 14 and the ceiling 32.

The course of the guide element 96 with the bottom wall 104 and the walls 100, 102 arranged thereon follows the course of the combustion chamber 12.

Correspondingly, the guide element 96 is designed to be curved when the combustion chamber 16 has, for example, a hollow cylindrical shape.

The channel 106 is closed at a first end 108. At a second end 110 it is open and fluidly connected to the distributor 52 and in particular the base element 90. At the second end 110, a guide element 96 has a connection 112 for the distributor 52 for coupling to the latter, in order to be able to couple corresponding supply air from the distributor 52 into the channel 106.

A guide element 96 is in particular made in one piece from a ceramic material.

The guide device 94 and in particular each guide element 96 has (at least) one opening 114 via which supply air can flow from the channel 106 into the combustion chamber 16.

In one embodiment, an opening 114 is formed by a recessed area 116 on the first wall 100 and the second wall 102, respectively.

In one embodiment, openings 114 are formed on both first wall 100 and second wall 102.

In the area of these openings 114, supply air can flow into the combustion chamber 16 through the openings 114 with the recessed area 116.

The openings 114 are arranged at a distance from the base 30 in the height direction 34.

They are also preferably positioned at a distance from the openings 78 of the manifold 52.

In particular, it is also provided that, based on an inner height of the combustion chamber 16 between the floor 30 and the ceiling 32 in the height direction 34, an opening 114 related to its underside (which is closest to the floor 30) at a height in a range between approx 30% and 80% of the interior height.

In one embodiment (cf. in particular Figure 8 ) an opening 114 is formed over the recessed area 116 as a slot between a guide element 96 and an inner housing 118 of the combustion chamber 12.

In one embodiment, this opening 114 extends in particular over a height area which takes up at least 30% and in particular at least 40% and in particular at least 50% of the internal height of the combustion chamber 16.

As an alternative or in addition, it is possible that a blow-out opening on a guide element 96 is also formed by one or more openings in the bottom wall 104.

In particular, it is provided that the opening or openings 114 are spaced apart from the ceiling 32 with respect to an upper side which is closest to the ceiling 32.

In one embodiment, a plurality of spaced guide elements 96 are provided. These guide elements 96 are arranged next to one another along the combustion chamber axis 18 and are in particular aligned in parallel.

On the open side 120, the half-shell regions 98 of the guide elements 96 are closed by a cover wall 122; the top wall 122 is opposite the bottom wall 106.

The cover wall 122 is made in particular from a metallic material.

The cover wall 122 is, for example, part of an outer skin 118.

It is also possible for the cover wall 122 to be formed by means of a through-flow tube 124 which is arranged on an outside of the combustion chamber 12.

In one embodiment, contact elements 126 are provided, which are, for example, sheet metal elements (cf. Figures 3 and 9 ).

The contact elements 126 are each connected to the combustion chamber wall 14 or form part of the combustion chamber wall 14 and are supported on the respective first ends 108 of the guide elements 90. The combustion chamber 16 on the ceiling 32 and in particular between the ceramic plate or plates 34 and the guide elements 96 is thereby closed.

In particular, a contact element 126 is provided in both half-spaces which are separated by the central plane 96.

In particular, the contact elements 126 also delimit the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 towards the combustion chamber 16.

In one embodiment, the contact elements 126 have openings 128, into each of which a flow tube 124 can be inserted.

In one embodiment, the guide elements 96 are arranged such that a throughflow pipe 124 is positioned between adjacent guide elements 96 on one side of the combustion chamber 12.

The distributor device 50 is designed in such a way that a main flow direction 130 (cf. Figure 5 ) is at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis 18 when supply air is coupled into the inner channel 58 of the distributor 52.

Main flow directions 132 when supply air exits from distributor 52 into combustion chamber 16 via openings 78 and gap 86 lie transversely to main flow direction 130 and transversely to combustion chamber axis 18.

Main directions of flow of supply air when entering from the distributor 52 into the guide elements 96 are in turn transverse to the main direction of flow 130 and to the vertical direction 34.

Through the openings 114 on the guide elements 96, supply air on the combustion chamber wall 14 can be blown into the combustion chamber 16 at least approximately radially in relation to the combustion chamber axis 18 at a distance from the distributor 52.

The distributor device 50 is designed in such a way that supply air is blown into the two half-spaces, which are separated by the central plane 76, both at the distributor 52 and via the openings 114 into the combustion chamber 16.

The heat exchanger 48 is arranged next to the combustion chamber 12 in relation to the combustion chamber axis 18. The separation between the heat exchanger 48 and the combustion chamber 12 take place via the first combustion chamber wall area 21.

The fireplace 10 has a supply device 134 for supply air and a discharge device 136 for exhaust gas.

The supply device 134 comprises a connection piece 138 via which supply air (fresh air) can be introduced. The discharge device 136 comprises a connection piece 140, via which exhaust gas can be discharged. The stove 10 can be connected to a chimney in particular via the connecting piece 140.

The stove 10 has a first side 142 and an opposite second side 144. The oven door 24 is arranged on the second side 144.

The connection piece 138 of the supply device 134 and the connection piece 140 of the discharge device 136 are positioned on the first side 142 and thus facing away from the furnace door 24.

They are spaced apart in the vertical direction 34, in particular the connection piece 140 of the discharge device 136 being positioned above the connection piece 138 of the feed device 134.

The fireplace 10 has an end wall 146 on the first side 142. In particular, the connecting pieces 138 and 140 are seated on this end wall.

A flow area 148 of the heat exchanger 48 is formed between the end wall 146 and the first combustion chamber wall area 21.

At least one opening 150 is arranged on the end wall 146. This opening 150 serves as an inspection opening for the heat exchanger 48. It can be closed by a corresponding door element.

In one embodiment, a guide channel 152 is arranged on the end wall 146 on an outside, which leads from the connection piece 138 of the supply device 134 to the connection piece 140 of the discharge device 136.

A deflecting element 156 of the feed device 134 is arranged partially in the connecting piece 138 and continuously through a corresponding recess 154 in the end wall 146.

This deflection element ensures a fluid-effective connection between the guide channel 152 and a further guide channel 158. This further guide channel 158 for supply air is positioned in the flow area 148 between the end wall 146 and the first combustion chamber wall area 21.

The further guide channel 158 is fluidically connected to the distributor 52 at the connection 60 via a connection device 160. Supply air from the further guide channel 158 is coupled into the inner channel 58 of the distributor 52.

A first flow channel 162, which is delimited by an outside of the first combustion chamber wall area 21, is arranged in the flow area 48. This first flow channel 162 is directly fluidly coupled to the exhaust gas discharge channel 36.

A second flow channel 164 for exhaust gas is also arranged in the flow area 148. The second flow channel 164 is fluidically connected to the first flow channel 162 and leads directly to the connecting piece 140 of the discharge device 136. A deflection area 166 is accordingly provided in which exhaust gas can be deflected from the flow channel 162 into the second flow channel 164.

The further guide channel 158 for supply air is arranged between the first flow channel 162 and the second flow channel 164, so that supply air in the supply device 134 can absorb heat from discharged exhaust gas.

In one embodiment, the first flow channel 162 is arranged and designed such that a main flow direction in the first flow channel 162 (in Figure 1 indicated by the arrow with the reference number 168) is antiparallel to a main flow direction 170 in the second flow channel 164.

A main flow direction 172 of supply air in the further guide channel 158 is essentially parallel to the main flow direction 168 and antiparallel to the main flow direction 170.

A main flow direction 174 in the guide channel 152 for supply air is parallel to the main flow direction 170 and antiparallel to the main flow direction 172.

In Figure 1 an exhaust gas flow is indicated by a double arrow and a supply air flow by a single arrow.

The heat exchanger 48 is designed such that a temperature T ₁ in the supply air when entering the distributor 52 (for example at a point 174 on the further guide channel 158 shortly before entering the distributor 52) is essentially the same as a temperature T ₂ of the discharged air Exhaust gas. The temperature T ₂ is, for example, an outlet temperature for exhaust gas at the connection piece 140 of the discharge device 136.

In particular, it is provided that a temperature difference between the temperatures T ₁ and T ₂ is at most 40 K (preferably at most 30 K and preferably at most 20 K) in terms of magnitude.

The temperature T ₁ should be in the range between approximately 150 ° C and 230 ° C.

In percentage terms, this temperature difference (as an amount (T ₁ -T ₂ ) / T ₁ ) should be a maximum of 9% and preferably a maximum of 8% and preferably a maximum of 6% of the temperature T ₁ (measured in K).

Exhaust gas which flows in the first flow channel 162 and the second flow channel 164 can heat supply air which flows in the second guide channel 158 and possibly in the guide channel 152.

Correspondingly, boundary walls between the flow channels 162, 164 and the guide channels 158 and optionally 152 are made from a thermally conductive material with metallic thermal conductivity and in particular from a metallic material.

It can be provided that the discharge device 136 and / or the feed device 134 have guide elements 174, which are designed in particular as angle plates. These guide elements 174 serve to guide the flow. They increase the thermal contact between the supply device 134 and the discharge device 136 to increase the heat transfer between exhaust gas and supply air.

In an embodiment with through-flow tubes 124, these are each arranged on a first side 176 of the stove and an opposite second side 178 of the stove, the arrangement on the second side 178 not being shown in the drawings.

The flow tubes 124 are used for convective heating of air in them by means of radiant heat, which is given off by the combustion chamber 12.

The flow tubes 124 follow the course of the combustion chamber 12 at least in a partial area.

They are spaced apart both on the first side 176 and on the second side 178 with a gap 180 (cf. for example Figure 6 ) between adjacent flow tubes 124 on the first side 176 and the second side 178, respectively.

In one embodiment, a guide element 96 is positioned in such a gap.

It can be provided that the throughflow tubes 124, which are arranged on the first side 176, are positioned along the combustion chamber axis 18 offset with respect to the throughflow tubes, which are arranged on the second side 178. Due to such an offset arrangement in relation to the combustion chamber axis 18, the gaps 180 on the first side 176 are then also offset in relation to the second side 178. Correspondingly, the guide elements 96 on the first side 176 are then arranged offset from the guide elements 96 on the second side 178.

The stove 10 according to the invention works as follows:
When the stove 10 is in operation, fossil fuel in particular is burned in the combustion chamber 16. The fuel is piled up on the floor 30 via the distributor 52.

During a combustion process, (preheated) air is supplied to the combustion chamber 16 first via the supply device 134 and then via the distributor device 50.

This air enters the inner channel 58 of the distributor 52 from the heat exchanger 48. There it is blown directly into the combustion chamber 16 via the openings 78.

The distributor 52 also distributes supply air to the guide device 94 and thereby to the guide elements 96 the openings 114 are blown supply air into the combustion chamber at a distance from the openings 78.

Exhaust gas, which is produced by the combustion and contains combustion residues, is discharged from the combustion chamber 16 via the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 and is coupled into the heat exchanger 48 in the process.

The heat exchanger is arranged next to the combustion chamber 12 with the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 in relation to the combustion chamber axis 18. A main flow direction of exhaust gas in the exhaust gas discharge duct 36 is at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis 18.

The exhaust gas is then diverted at the heat exchanger 48 when it enters the first flow channel 162. In the first flow channel 162, a main flow direction is transverse and at least approximately perpendicular to the combustion chamber axis. Exhaust gas is diverted from the first flow channel 162 into the second flow channel 164, the main flow direction in the first flow channel 162 and the second flow channel 164 being antiparallel.

Starting from a connection piece 138, "cold" supply air is guided through the guide channel 152 and comes into thermal contact (without substance contact) with the exhaust gas in the connection piece 140. In the further guide channel 158 between the first flow channel 162 and 164, with a main flow direction transverse to the combustion chamber axis 18, the supply air is then heated by exhaust gas flowing in the flow channels 162, 164. This heated supply air is transferred to the distribution device 50.

The heating of the supply air leads to a cooling of the exhaust gas which emerges at the connection piece 140.

The heat exchanger 48 is designed such that the temperature T _{1 is} at least approximately the same as the temperature T ₂ , in particular at a design _{temperature T 1} in the range between approximately 150.degree. C. and 230.degree.

This means that the flue gas temperature can be kept low and the stove has a high level of efficiency.

It has been shown that if the temperatures T ₁ and T _{2 are the same} (within a temperature range of in particular at most 40 K or with a deviation of at most 9% from the temperature T ₁ ), the efficiency can be optimized.

By supplying air directly via the distributor 52 with its openings 78 and indirectly via the distributor 52 via the openings 114 of the guide device 94, a high combustion temperature can be achieved in the combustion chamber 16. This in turn means that combustion residues (which are also carried out by the exhaust gas) can be kept low. In particular, no secondary measures for exhaust gas cleaning then have to be provided.

The guide device with its elements and in particular half-shell areas 98, for example made of ceramic material, serve to supply air to the combustion chamber 16 to increase the combustion temperature. They ensure thermal insulation of the combustion chamber 12. Because of this thermal insulation, high combustion temperatures can be achieved.

In addition, preheated supply air, which has been preheated by the heat exchanger 48 and which flows in the guide elements 96, gives off heat into the outside space, so that the stove represents an effective heat source.

The guide elements 96 provide burn-off elements which are not made of a sheet metal material but a ceramic material. This creates exhaust gases held in the combustion chamber 16, and it is helped to maintain the flame formation in the combustion chamber 16. This encourages the flames to burn out and, in turn, minimizes combustion residues.

The guide elements 96 made of ceramic, in particular also in cooperation with the ceramic plate or plates 94, serve as a heat storage mass. As a result, several consecutive burns can also take place, since excessive cooling of the stove 10 is prevented.

With the solution according to the invention, an optimized almost complete combustion of fossil fuels is obtained in the combustion chamber 10; Combustion residues that are carried away with the exhaust gas are minimized. This almost complete combustion is promoted by preheating the supply air at the heat exchanger 48 and by targeted supply directly and indirectly via the distributor 52 in the combustion chamber 16.

Supply air is brought directly into the embers or to the source of the fire via the openings 78 on the distributor 52. The guide element 80 serves as a dirt protection cover for the openings 78 and ensures a targeted air supply to the distributor 52 via the mouth opening 88.

In addition, supply air is blown in indirectly via the guide elements 96 at the openings 114. The formation of the openings 114, in particular slot-shaped as a recessed area 116, results in a diffuse entry of the supply air into the combustion chamber 16 so that optimized combustion results are obtained.

List of reference symbols

10

Fireplace stove

12th

Combustion chamber

14th

Combustion chamber wall

16

Combustion chamber

18th

Combustion chamber axis

20th

First page

21

First combustion chamber wall area

22nd

Second page

24

Oven door

26th

opening

28

Third combustion chamber wall area

30th

ground

34

Height direction

36

Exhaust gas discharge duct

38

Direction of extension

40

casing

42

opening

44

Burn plate

46

Front side

48

Heat exchanger

50

Distribution device

52

Distributor

54

First end

56

Second ending

58

Inner channel

60

connection

62a

Outside

62b

Outside

64

Triangular shape

66

Angle element

68a

leg

68b

leg

70

Ridge line

72

Triangle point line

74

Triangle base surface

76

Middle plane

78

opening

80

Guiding element

82

Angle element

84

Ridge line

86

gap

88

Mouth opening

90

Base element

92

opening

94

Guide device

96

Guide element

98

Half-shell area

100

First wall

102

Second wall

104

Bottom wall

106

channel

108

First end

110

Second ending

112

connection

114

opening

116

Recessed area

118

Outer skin

120

Open side

122

Top wall

124

Flow tube

126

Investment element

128

opening

130

Main flow direction

132

Main flow direction

134

Feeding device

136

Discharge device

138

Connection piece

140

Connection piece

142

First page

144

Second page

146

Front wall

148

Flow area

150

opening

152

Guide channel

154

Recess

156

Deflection element

158

Another guide channel

160

Connection device

162

First flow channel

164

Second flow channel

166

Deflection area

168

Main flow direction

170

Main flow direction

172

Main flow direction

174

Guiding element

176

First page

178

Second page

180

gap

200

Guide element

Claims (16)

1. Chimney stove, comprising a combustion chamber (12) having a combustion chamber wall (14) and a combustion space (16), and a distributor device (50) for intake air which is supplied to the combustion space (16), wherein the distributor device (50) comprises a distributor (52) which is arranged on a floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14), wherein the distributor (52) has a plurality of openings (78) which open to the combustion space (16) and through which intake air is directly blowable into the combustion space (16), and wherein connected to the distributor (52) in operative fluid communication therewith is a guide device (94) for intake air which comprises at least one opening (114) through which intake air is blowable into the combustion space (16) at or in the vicinity of the combustion chamber wall (14), in spaced relation to the distributor (52), characterized in that the at least one opening (114) of the guide device (94) is configured such that, at the guide device (94), intake air is blown diffusely into the combustion space (16), wherein the at least one opening (114) is of slit-shaped configuration, and in that the at least one opening (114) of the guide device (94), in a height direction (34) extending from the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14) to an opposite roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), is arranged at a height which, relative to an underside that faces the floor (30), is in a range between 30 % and 80 % of an interior height, wherein the interior height is a distance in the height direction (34) between the floor (30) and the roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14).
2. Chimney stove in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the guide device (94) comprises a plurality of operatively and fluidly isolated guide elements (96) which are operatively connected to the distributor (52) for fluid communication therewith and each of which has at least one opening (114) that opens to the combustion space (16), and in particular in that the guide elements (96) are arranged next to one another along a combustion chamber axis (18), and in particular in that the guide elements (96) are spaced apart from one another, and in particular in that flow-through tubes (124) are arranged on an outer side of the combustion chamber wall (14), in thermal contact with the combustion chamber wall (14), and/or at least partially form the combustion chamber wall (14), and in particular in that a guide element (200) which is arranged nearest to a stove door (24) is blocked with respect to discharging intake air into the combustion space (16).
3. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one of the following:

   - the guide device (94) follows a course of the combustion chamber wall (14) and in particular comprises one or more guide elements (96) having a curvature;

   - the guide device (94) is configured in the form of a heat storage device and/or is configured to be thermally isolating;

   - the guide device (94) at least partially forms the combustion chamber wall (14).
4. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a guide element (96) of the guide device (94) comprises a half-shell portion (98) which is operatively connected to the distributor (52) for fluid communication therewith and which forms a channel (106) for intake air.
5. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide device (94), and in particular a half-shell portion (98) of the guide device (94), is at least partially made of one or more thermally isolating and thermally storing materials and is in particular made of one or more of the following materials: ceramics, concrete, stone, vermiculite, steel, non-combustible wool, and in particular in that the half-shell portion (98) comprises at least one recess and/or a recessed portion (116) for forming the at least one opening (114) of the guide device (94) that opens to the combustion space (16), and in particular in that the half-shell portion (98) comprises a cover, in particular made of a metallic material, that faces away from the combustion space (16) and in particular follows a course of the combustion chamber wall (14) and in particular points into an external space.
6. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one opening (114) of the guide device (94), relative to an underside that faces the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14) in the height direction (34) extending from the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14) to an opposite roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), lies above the openings (78) of the distributor (52) that open to the combustion space (16).
7. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor (52) comprises a connection (60) for incoupling intake air which is located exterior to the combustion space (16), in particular wherein a main flow direction of intake air, when the latter is coupled-in, is oriented transversely to a blow-out direction of intake air at the openings (78) of the distributor (52), and in particular in that a main flow direction for intake air, when the latter is incoupled from the distributor (52) into the guide device (94), is oriented transversely to a main flow direction when incoupled into the distributor (52), and in particular in that a main flow direction for intake air when the latter is incoupled into the guide device (94) is oriented transversely to blow-out directions for intake air at the openings (78) of the distributor (52) into the combustion space (16).
8. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor (52) is or comprises a hollow body or an angular body.
9. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor (52) on an outer side thereof is triangularly shaped in a cross-section with respect to a combustion chamber axis (18), wherein a triangular base surface (74) faces towards the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14) and a triangular apex line (72) faces towards a roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), which is opposite the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14), and in particular in that the openings (78) of the distributor (52) are arranged at the triangular apex line (72) and/or are arranged at a distance of at most 2 mm from the triangular apex line (72), and in particular in that the triangular apex line (72) is oriented at an acute angle to the floor (30) of the combustion chamber wall (14), wherein a distance to the floor (30) is greater at a first end (54) of the distributor (52), at which intake air is incoupled into the distributor (52), than at an opposite second end (56).
10. Chimney stove in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor (52) has associated therewith a directing element (80) which covers the openings (78) in the combustion space (16) towards a roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), wherein at least one gap (86) is formed between the directing element (80) and the distributor (52) in the area of the openings (78), and in particular in that the at least one gap (86) forms a mouth opening (88) that opens to the combustion space (16) and is in operative fluid communication with the openings (78) of the distributor (52) and which in particular extends along the distributor (52), and in particular in that the directing element (80) is shaped conforming to the shape of the distributor (52) and, in particular, is triangular in cross-section and, in particular, has a ridge line (84) which is in parallel spaced relation to a ridge line (70) of the distributor (52), and in particular in that the directing element (80), relative to a cross-section perpendicular to a combustion chamber axis (18), covers at most 30 % of a side of the distributor (52).
11. Chimney stove in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion space (16) has a central plane (76) transverse to the floor (30), wherein the distributor (52), optionally with a directing element (80) associated therewith, is arranged and configured such that intake air from the distributor (52) is blowable into the combustion space (16), in both half-spaces that are separated by the central plane (76), and the guide device (94) is configured such that intake air is blowable into both half-spaces at the combustion chamber wall (14), in spaced relation to the distributor (52).
12. Chimney stove in accordance with anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by a supply device (134) for intake air into the combustion space (16) and a discharge device (136) for exhaust gas, and by a heat exchanger (48) to which the supply device (134) for intake air and the discharge device (136) for exhaust gas are thermally coupled, and at which intake air is heatable by way of exhaust gas from the combustion space (16) before entering the combustion space (16), and in particular in that the heat exchanger (48) is configured and designed such that intake air on entering the combustion chamber (12) has, at least approximately, the same temperature as exhaust gas on exiting a chimney connection (140), and in particular in that a temperature difference for intake air on entering the combustion chamber (12) and for exhaust gas on exiting the chimney connection (140) is at most 40 K, and in particular at most 30 K, and in particular at most 20 K, and in particular in that a temperature difference for intake air on entering the combustion chamber (12) and for exhaust gas on exiting the chimney connection (140) is at most 9 %, and in particular at most 8 %, and in particular at most 6 %, relative to a temperature (T₁) of intake air on entering the combustion chamber (12), and in particular in that the heat exchanger (48) is arranged next to the combustion chamber (12), relative to a combustion chamber axis (18).
13. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber (12) has associated therewith at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) which has a longitudinal extent at least approximately parallel to a combustion chamber axis (18), and in particular in that a main flow direction for exhaust gas in the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) is oriented at least approximately parallel to the combustion chamber axis (18), and in particular in that the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) is arranged above a roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), wherein the combustion chamber wall (14) comprises, opposite the roof (32), a floor (30) on which a distributor (52) for intake air is arranged, and in particular in that arranged at the roof (32) is at least one opening (42) via which exhaust gas from the combustion space (16) enters the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36), and in particular in that the combustion chamber (12) and the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) are arranged next to a heat exchanger (48) with respect to the combustion chamber axis (18), and in particular in that the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) opens to at least one flow channel (162), wherein a change in direction of flow is induced for an exhaust gas stream as the latter passes from the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) into the at least one flow channel (162), and in particular in that the at least one flow channel (162) is arranged next to the combustion chamber (12) with respect to the combustion chamber axis (18) and in particular is bounded by an outer side of the combustion chamber (12), in particular wherein the at least one flow channel (162) adjoins a side (20) of the combustion chamber (12) that faces away from a side (22) of the combustion chamber (12) having a stove door (24), and in particular in that the at least one exhaust gas discharge channel (36) is bounded by a heat storage element and, in particular, by at least one burn-out plate (44) which in particular forms part of the combustion chamber wall (14) and in particular at least partially forms a roof (32) of the combustion chamber wall (14), and in particular in that the discharge device (136) comprises a connection piece (140), in particular for a chimney, and the supply device (134) comprises a connection piece (138) for incoupling intake air, wherein the connection piece (140) of the discharge device (136) and the connection piece (138) of the supply device (134) are arranged on a same side (142) of the chimney stove and are in particular spaced apart in a height direction (34), and in particular in that the connection pieces (138, 140) are arranged on a side (142) of the chimney stove that faces away from a side (144) on which a stove door (24) is arranged, and in particular in that at least one closable opening (150) for access to the heat exchanger (48) is arranged on the side (142) on which the connection pieces (138, 140) are arranged, and in particular in that at least one guide channel (152) for intake air leads from the connection piece (138) of the supply device (134) to the connection piece (140) of the discharge device (136), wherein a deflecting element (156) for intake air is arranged at least partially at the connection piece (140) of the discharge device (136) and, in particular, in the connection piece (140) of the discharge device (136).
14. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a first flow channel (162) for exhaust gas and a second flow channel (164) for exhaust gas are arranged next to the combustion chamber (12) with respect to a combustion chamber axis (18), wherein at least one guide channel (158) of the supply device (134) for intake air is arranged between the first flow channel (162) for exhaust gas and the second flow channel (164) for exhaust gas, and in particular in that main flow directions in the first flow channel (162), the second flow channel (164) and the at least one guide channel (152) are at least approximately parallel or antiparallel to one another, and in particular in that main flow directions in the first flow channel (152), the second flow channel (154) and the at least one guide channel (152) are oriented transversely, and in particular perpendicularly, to the combustion chamber axis (18).
15. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that one or more directing elements (174) for the conduction of flow are arranged in the discharge device (136) and/or in the supply device (134), which directing elements (174) are in particular in thermal contact with the heat exchanger (48).
16. Chimney stove in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that flow-through tubes (124) are arranged at the combustion chamber (12) on an outer side, in thermal contact with the combustion chamber (12), and/or at least partially form the combustion chamber (12), and in particular in that the flow-through tubes (124) follow a course of the combustion chamber (12) at least in a portion thereof, and in particular in that flow-through tubes (124) are arranged in each case on a first side (176) and on an opposite second side (178) of the combustion chamber (12), in spaced-apart relationship, wherein flow-through tubes (124) which are arranged on the first side (176) project into gaps (180) between flow-through tubes (124) which are arranged on the second side (178) and/or wherein flow-through tubes (124) which are arranged on the second side (178) project into gaps (180) between flow-through tubes (124) which are arranged on the first side (176), and in particular wherein flow-through tubes (124) on the first side (176) are, relative to a combustion chamber axis (18), in a staggered relation to flow-through tubes (124) on the second side (178), and in particular in that a gap (180) between adjacent flow-through tubes (124) on the first side (176) and/or the second side (178) has a heat storage element associated therewith and, in particular, has a guide element (90) for intake air to the combustion chamber associated therewith, and in particular in that at least one flow-through tube (124) is arranged in the area of the heat exchanger (48) and, in particular, is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger (48).

Images