Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N9/00—Arrangements for fireproofing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
  • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
  • B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
  • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
  • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
  • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
  • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
  • E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing a fire-retardant insulating board or mat and a corresponding Einblasdämmstoffs of fibers based on renewable raw materials.
• Insulating materials based on renewable raw materials in general and lignocellulose-containing insulating materials in particular are classified according to DIN EN 4102 in class B2 and according to DIN EN 13501-1 in class E or C for "normally flammable". Particularly critical is the afterglow to evaluate. Fire loads of the order of magnitude of the normative prescribed fire test ensure such a high energy input into the product that afterglow and further smoldering can not be prevented.
• the aim is to extend the use of bio-based insulation materials to applications that are not possible or allowed due to the previously "normal flammable” properties. This applies in particular to the use of such insulating materials in higher building classes. This lays a further foundation for the industrial and sustainable production of insulation materials from renewable raw materials. The consumption of fossil resources (minerals, hard coal, oil and natural gas) can thus be further reduced.
• a method for producing a fire-retardant wood-based panel from a mixture of lignocellulose-containing shavings and expanded graphite is known from DE 10 2009 005 155 B4 or the EP 2 208 594 B1 known. Due to their technical properties, wood-based panels are becoming increasingly widespread and rank among the world's fastest-growing wood-based products. Thicknesses of 2 mm to 60 mm with a density of 600 kg / m 3 to 1000 kg / m 3 are usually available on the market.
• insulating boards or mats made from fibers based on renewable raw materials have much lower densities of up to 300 kg / m 3 . Due to the different densities, insulating fiber boards of wood-based panels differ considerably in terms of fire behavior. For example, insulation boards made of fibers based on renewable resources compared to wood-based panels have much larger internal gaps and a significantly lower thermal conductivity. On the one hand, these circumstances produce the desired insulating effect, but on the other hand - especially in the case of fire - lead to the disadvantageous effect that a heat present in the insulating board is extremely poorly dissipated. So can the residual heat stored in the insulation board lead to afterglow and further smoldering of the insulation material even after a fire event that has apparently already been overcome.
• the present invention is based on the object to provide fire-retardant insulation materials based on renewable raw materials that reach the class B1 according to DIN EN 4102 and reduce the critical heat input in the case of flame, so effectively prevent the afterglow.
• the object of the invention is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1, relating to a method for producing fire-retardant insulation panels / mats from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or chemical fire retardant.
• the insulation boards / mats are made of a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials such.
• lignocellulosic fibers or defibrated lignocellulose-containing material and physical and / or chemical fire retardants, such as. B. contains an intumescent fire retardant. Accordingly, the fire retardant is mixed directly with the digested fibers, so that a better mixing and bonding between the fibers on the one hand and the fire retardant on the other hand is achieved, with the result that the fire protection of the insulating material is significantly improved.
• a chemically active fire retardant can be applied to the surface of the wood fibers so as to partially penetrate and be chemically modified (which bonds the flame retardant to the fiber) into the wood fiber's molecular structure.
• the surface of the wood fibers can be modified by various chemical additives and also the surface tension of the fire retardant can be reduced.
• the equipment according to the invention of the bio-based insulating materials ensures the achievement of class B1 according to DIN EN 4102.
• the physical fire retardant forms an insulating layer in the case of flame treatment and thus reduces the critical heat input, so that afterglow - caused by a pyrolysis effect - is prevented.
• a chemically active fire retardant such as a phosphorus-based chemical compound can be used.
• z. B. physically and chemically acting types of fire retardant synergistic effects can be achieved.
• Intumescence in the context of the invention means expansion or swelling, ie an increase in the volume of the fire-retardant, preferably when exposed to heat above the so-called activation temperature.
• An intumescent fire retardant forms upon expansion or expansion preferably an insulating layer with low thermal conductivity. This effect is exploited in the invention to prevent the ignition of the fibers or other components of the insulation board.
• Insulating boards or mats made of fibers based on renewable raw materials especially lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards or Holzmaschinedämmplatten, sometimes called soft wood fiber boards or softwood fiber boards are one type of fiberboard, namely made of fibers based on renewable resources board insulation materials, which are usually used for thermal insulation of the outer shell of a building , They counteract the passage of heat. Some of them are also used in dry construction for the construction of interior parts of buildings (walls, floors). They are among the oldest industrially produced Natural insulating materials and were thus already produced in the first half of the 20th century.
• Wood fiber insulation panels usually consist of about 90 to 95% dry weight of wood fibers. As a starting material conifers are preferred because of their higher fiber quality.
• Wood fiber insulation panels are particularly suitable for roof insulation and exterior wall insulation in outdoor areas, inside as floor insulation, insulation of ceilings and interior walls and in cavities (intermediate rafters, partitions, beam layers). In addition, wood fiber insulation panels are also suitable for sound insulation indoors and outdoors and for impact sound insulation even of apartment ceilings with increased requirements.
• a fibrous, renewable raw material for the production of insulating fiber board according to the invention preferably round wood (logs), wood chips, rinds, possibly old wood, residual roles of peeling, veneer residues and sawdust are used.
• the raw material is preferably debarked and mechanically comminuted, sorted or sieved and cleaned.
• the cleaning of the raw material of foreign substances is preferably carried out by machine, preferably in a so-called. "Dry cleaning” or a so-called. "Wet cleaning". In dry cleaning, the raw material with the aid of a gaseous medium, eg. B. air, of heavy bodies freed. In wet cleaning, the separation of stones, sand and metals from the raw material in a liquid medium, eg. B. water.
• the raw material Before defibration, the raw material usually passes into a pre-damping tank for hydrothermal pretreatment to be pre-damped at up to 100 ° C. This treatment softens the middle lamella and favors both the compressibility of the raw material and the later defibering.
• the partially plasticized raw material reaches z. B. via a Vibrationsaustragsboden or via a plug screw into a digester.
• the hydrothermal pre-treatment is not absolutely necessary, so that the raw material can also be added directly to the digester.
• the plug screw has an increasing pitch to the downstream end and compresses the raw material into a relatively pressure-tight plug, thereby squeezing out the so-called pinch water. The plug forms a seal to the stove.
• the raw material is cooked at a vapor pressure of preferably between 6 and 16 bar, whereby the vapor pressure can vary depending on the type of wood and the requirement on the fibers.
• the raw material preferably passes through a screw conveyor and via the feed screw into the refiner (shredder).
• the raw material is shredded between grinding discs and blown out of the refiner via a controllable valve through a "blow pipe" (or blowline).
• the refiner preferably has a vapor pressure in the range of 6 to 16 bar, wherein the steam forms the transport means for the fibers on their way through the blowpipe into the dryer.
• the fibers obtained are preferably dried in a current dryer with simultaneous promotion by hot air in the drying channel, so that the fibers with approximately 8 to 12% moisture (based on the dry weight of the fibers) are deposited in cyclones from the air stream.
• the fibers can optionally be dried to about 2% (based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose fibers), as long as the fibers are not further processed with the existing wood moisture content.
• the fire-retardant is preferably added only in step B3.
• the fibers are preferably based on renewable raw materials directly after the defibration in step A to the required for the gluing residual moisture (about 8% based on the dry weight of the fibers) dried and then preferably in a Gluing the glue channel or tower or mixer with the binder.
• steps C1 and / or C2 and / or C4 drying, gluing and scattering of the fibers
• the fire retardant can be distributed very evenly on the fibers to achieve an advantageous fire protection effect over the entire cross section of the insulation board / mat.
• a chemically active fire retardant may partially penetrate and be fixed or chemically modified into the molecular structure of the wood fiber, thereby bonding the fire retardant to the fiber.
• the surface of the wood fibers can be modified by various chemical additives and also the surface tension of the fire retardant can be reduced.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to an insulating board / mat, made from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding embodiments.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a blow-in insulating material produced from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the blow-in preferably a density in the range of 20 to 60 kg / m 3 , more preferably a density in the range of 28 to 40 kg / m 3 .
• novel fire-retardant insulation boards / mats are made from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials, such.
• the lignocellulosic fibers are obtained according to the process steps described above from lignocellulose-containing raw material, in particular wood, mixed with the intumescent fire retardant and processed for example by wet or dry process to the fire retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats.
• lignocellulose-containing raw material in particular wood
• the intumescent fire retardant instead of the lignocellulosic fibers and fibers based on other renewable raw materials such.
• hemp and / or instead of the intumescent fire retardant other fire retardants are used.
• the exemplary embodiments disclosed within the scope of the invention differ mainly in the dosage form of the fire protection agent and the time or method step of mixing the fire protection agent with the fibers.
• the preferred dosage forms of the fire retardant as well as the selection of the preferred time of blending the fire retardant with the fibers.
• the fire protection agent used in the process according to the invention is, for example, an effective and environmentally compatible, intumescent flame retardant based on a modified and intercalated mineral of pure carbon as the halogen-free intumescent former.
• modified intercalated, carbon-containing flame retardants come z.
• Such graphites are known and commercially available. They can contain stored as blowing agents acids. Preference is given to acid-intercalated expandable graphites.
• Particularly effective intumescent constituents include expanded graphite produced by chemical treatment of graphite.
• graphite is treated with substances, usually strong acids and / or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate.
• the acids and / or oxidants are incorporated in the lattice structure of the graphite.
• the layer spacings of the graphite layers are widened. Under the influence of heat, such a pre-treated graphite will expand in case of fire with a large increase in volume.
• Expandable graphite is suitable as a flame retardant additive, since under heat a protective intumescent layer is formed on the surface, which slows down the expansion of the fire and counteracts the spread of toxic gases and smoke.
• the expandable graphite can z. B. as a flaky or flaky powder, as granules or in the form of preformed particles. There are also mixtures of expanded graphite of various shapes and / or types in question. The expandable graphite can already be partially expanded before it is used.
• the intumescence starts at the lowest possible temperatures in order to ensure a faster response of the equipped building components in the event of a fire.
• the intumescent fire retardant preferably has an activation temperature between 100 ° C and 1000 ° C. Particularly advantageous is a mixing ratio between small and large Blähvolumina proven.
• the particle sizes of the graphite are to be selected and can predominantly be between 1 and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 150 and 700 ⁇ m.
• the surface of the fire retardant is pH-neutral, wherein the pH can reach 10 (alkaline / basic).
• the effectiveness of the fire retardant can be significantly improved by admixtures of specially adapted additives, preferably inorganic fire retardants, preferably a phosphorus-based chemical compound, and / or starch-based organic substances with the function of including the wood fiber (capsule effect), preferably on a vegetable basis.
• specially adapted additives preferably inorganic fire retardants, preferably a phosphorus-based chemical compound, and / or starch-based organic substances with the function of including the wood fiber (capsule effect), preferably on a vegetable basis.
• the invention provides special application methods or dosage forms in connection with production-wise appropriate application sites. These are described in more detail below, including the necessary chemical adjustments of the fire retardant.
• the fire retardant can be introduced in pure form as a powder in the process or as a mixture, incorporated in an emulsion, a foam, a gel or binder.
• fire retardant Possible applications of the fire retardant are in the refiner, in the preheater, in the plug between the preheater and grinding discs), in the blowline (between refiner and dryer), in the glue tower (area of dry gluing of the fibers), during the spreading process, in the mixing tank (for the Production in wet process).
• the first embodiment of the invention in the first variant relates to a method for producing fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the wet process according to steps A and B from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expanded graphite dry and in pure form as a powder in step B1 and / or B2 and / or B3 (in the mixing vessel), for example exclusively in step B3.
• the second variant of the first embodiment of the invention relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in a dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite dry and in pure form as a powder in step C2 (Beleimturm) or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process), for example, exclusively in Step C2, is introduced in the process.
• emulsifier bifunctional or bifunctional silanes or ether-based synthetic oils
• the second embodiment of the invention according to the first variant relates to a method for producing fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the wet process according to steps A and B from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in an emulsion as a carrier material in at least one of the steps A1, A2, A3 or A4 (preheating to defibration) and / or in step B1 and / or B2 and / or B3 (in the mixing chest) is added.
• the second variant of the second embodiment of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in a dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in a Emulsion is introduced as a carrier material in at least one of steps A1, A2, A3 or A4 (preheating to defibration) and / or in step C2 (Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) in the process.
• the advantages of supplying the intumescent fire retardant incorporated in an emulsion as support material are in the good distribution when mixed with lignocellulosic fibers.
• This form of administration works particularly well in the defibrator or refiner, because the fire-retardant is very finely divided by the mechanical work of the defibrator or refiner and, when incorporated into the emulsion, can adhere very well to the lignocellulose fibers.
• the i.d.R. applied powdered fire retardant embedded in a stable foam In particular, to ensure optimum distribution, the i.d.R. applied powdered fire retardant embedded in a stable foam.
• water and anionic / cationic additives are mixed in a special aggregate and a foam is formed.
• the foam may also be formed by means of water with the addition of a foaming silicate binder.
• the foam structure is additionally stabilized.
• an ether-based surface-active or a carboxymethyl cellulose-containing additive is used as a foam stabilizer.
• a surface modifier is used, which reduces the surface tension. This results in a better binding force between the fire retardant and lignocellulosic fibers.
• the third embodiment of the invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in foam as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.
• the advantages of supplying the intumescent fire-retardant incorporated in foam as support material are the very low addition amount of water, the good distribution in the mixture with lignocellulosic fibers, and the protection of the structure of the fire retardant.
• the usually powdery fire-retardant is incorporated into a gel and fed into this carrier material to the lignocellulosic fibers.
• this carrier material for gel preparation are water glass and a Silziumdioxiddispersion (as so-called nanosol) mixed in a special aggregate and formed the gel.
• a starch-based cellulose ether is added to modify the rheology of the gel structure.
• the gel serves as a bonding agent between the fire retardant and lignocellulosic fibers.
• the fourth embodiment of the invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats by steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in gel as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.
• the advantages of supplying the intumescent fire-retardant incorporated in gel as support material are the very low addition amount of water, the good distribution in the mixture with lignocellulosic fibers and the protection of the structure of the fire retardant.
• the fire protection agent is mixed or mixed directly into the binder system.
• the binder system can be diluted to ensure better mixing and subsequent distribution to the lignocellulosic fibers.
• Adhesive systems based on isocyanates, synthetic resins, PVAC, proteins (for example caseins, enzymatic proteins) and starch are preferably used as binder systems.
• the combination with adhesive systems based on aqueous nanostructured silicates is conceivable.
• the fifth embodiment of the invention thus relates to a process for the preparation of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in the binder as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.
• the fire retardant is a mixture such as e.g. forms an aerosol.
• the (swelling) graphite by means of an organic compound, e.g. Phosphorus-based, which also fulfills the function of a flame retardant modified.
• Phosphorus-based which also fulfills the function of a flame retardant modified.
• This reduces the surface tension of the graphite particles.
• the lower surface tension of the particles increases their flow or flowability.
• the prerequisites are given to form a heterogeneous mixture (dispersion) of solid suspended particles in a gas, with which the modified graphite is present as aerosol particles or aerosol particles.
• the particle mixture is applied by means of negative or positive pressure on the fiber flow located in the channel.
• the dry mixture can be applied to the fibers together with a liquid fire retardant.
• the fire retardant forms a mixture of expandable graphite and a nanosole, consisting of and premixed of water glass (sodium or potassium silicate) and preferably 10% silica sols. This mixture is preferably added in the refiner or in the blowline.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-11-10 DE DE102016121590.2A patent/DE102016121590A1/de active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-11-10 PL PL17201181T patent/PL3323576T3/pl unknown
  • 2017-11-10 EP EP17201181.9A patent/EP3323576B1/fr active Active

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