EP3319508A1

EP3319508A1 - System and method for scanning anatomical structures and for displaying a scanning result

Info

Publication number: EP3319508A1
Application number: EP16748268.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Severin STALDER; Markus Berner; Konrad Klein
Original assignee: Sirona Dental Systems GmbH
Current assignee: Sirona Dental Systems GmbH
Priority date: 2015-07-08
Filing date: 2016-07-08
Publication date: 2018-05-16
Also published as: AU2016290620A1; CA2991659A1; CN107735016A; JP2018527965A; US11412993B2; US20180192964A1; AU2016290620B2; CN107735016B; WO2017005897A1; JP6941060B2; KR102657956B1; KR20180027492A; DE102015212806A1

Abstract

A system for scanning anatomical structures and for displaying the scanning result is made available, wherein the system has the following: an intra-oral scanner (10), which records an image of the anatomical structures intra-orally, an extra-oral detection unit (20), which detects a spatial position of the intra-oral scanner (10) relative to an observer or to a person carrying out the scanning, and a computing unit (30) which, during the scanning procedure, places the scanner (10) in communication with a screen (40) and with the detection unit (20) and generates a scanning result based on the intra-orally recorded image of the anatomical structures and the detected spatial position of the intra-oral scanner (10) relative to the observer, and which, during pauses in the scanning procedure, estimates the position, orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures and generates an image, corresponding to the estimation, of the anatomical structures as a scanning result, wherein the screen (40) displays the scanning result generated by the computing unit (30).

Description

description

System and method for scanning anatomical structures and displaying a scan result

The present invention relates to a system for scanning anatomical structures, such as teeth or the jaw of patients, to provide an optical,

to create an intraoral impression, and to display and display the scan result, and an associated one

Procedure. The present invention particularly relates to

interactive and incremental scanning. During the

Scanning, individual scans are assembled into a model of an anatomical structure. Such a thing

Scanning, as for example in "p. Rusinkiewicz and Marc Levoy: "Efficient variants of the ICP algorithm, 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2001" is performed with a scanner detached from the screen by a viewer or a scanned person and the scanner is by hand To achieve this goal is to create a gapless and a high-precision optical impression as quickly as possible

Scan result extremely important. The proposed

The invention provides the scan results in a natural way and thus simplifies the handling of the

Scanner.

Today's scanning with the CEREC method displays a patient's dentition as a scanned model on a screen near the patient. A scanning person, such as a dentist, is in a constant dilemma as she is scanning her to look. On the screen you can see the quality of it already recognize the scanned model. In particular, for example, you can also see gaps in the model. In order to close these gaps in the model and to guide the scanner to the right place, the gaze must again be turned to the dentition of the

Be directed to the patient and the scanner. Much experience and practice are needed to establish the correspondence between the patient's model and dentition. As an additional help, existing systems are considered non-visual

Feedback on the scan success a rather annoying

emitted acoustic signal.

The present invention can be used in the field of augmented reality, but differs

clearly from the common augmented reality applications.

Augmented reality applications where external

invisible views are displayed, there are many. For example, Mini / BMW is planning a kind

"X-ray glasses" to cover the body

hide and allow a wider field of view. There are similar systems for autopsies. For example, there is a system described in "Kilgus T et al .: Mobile

markerless augmented reality and its application in

forensic medicine, International Journal of Computer

Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2015 ", which displays multi-modal data, such as X-ray data, on a moveable screen using an external depth camera to adjust the spatial position of the screen

to capture. With this system, however, no

incremental model created. The augmented screen displays only existing data spatially meaningful. In endoscopy there are similar applications for

Augmented reality. The endoscopic instruments need to be precisely navigated to a specific point with what Augmented reality can be simplified.

Important navigation points and the planned intervention path are displayed interactively in the endoscopic image. On the other hand, no model of anatomical structures is created interactively and incrementally. That helps

augmented screen in endoscopy only in the rough navigation of instruments on a pre-planned intervention route.

The invention presented here differs from other augmented reality applications also in the way in which the position of the artificial data is determined to be reality. This positioning is done very accurately and in a simple way about the position of the scanner and the scan result. In dental applications, US 2007/0172101 AI describes a similar system. According to this invention is a

superimposed three-dimensional model of a two-dimensional image. The two-dimensional image is from an intraoral camera. The three-dimensional model is the combination of the three-dimensional images of the

intraoral scanner. Both views were created

originally from the same point of view. The position of the viewer or the screen has no influence on the presentation. Depending on the application, the model is the important result of the scanning process. A single scan may be imperfect in certain situations. For example, a scan may be incomplete (holey), faulty, or noisy at certain, hard-to-measure areas. Such imperfections may possibly be caused by the

Composite of multiple scans, which were taken, for example, from different angles, overcome become. The assessment of the model as a result of

Scanning is therefore extremely important.

The method of joining is usually one

Method which the three-dimensional form of scan and

Model matches, typically a variant of the ICP (Iterative Closest Point) method. At the

The new scan is added to the already scanned scan data, that is, set so that the new scan data cling to the existing scan data with minimal error. Now it has to be checked on a regular basis, if this appendix was also successful. This will be

for example, the found minimum error or the

Overlap degree examined. Typically, the minimum error found must be sufficiently small and the

The degree of overlap should be large enough. If such

Criteria are met, the new scan is also part of the model, otherwise it must be discarded, at least for the moment.

There are several reasons why attaching scans to the model is sometimes unsuccessful. A selection of these reasons is:

The user has moved the scanner too fast, so the new scan does not overlap or overlap with the model too little. - The user moves the scanner so that the object to be scanned is outside the scanning range of the scanner.

The scan data has too many perturbations, so the ICP error is too big. - The scanned structure is not rigidly connected and has deformed. So the new scan does not work with the Match Model. In the application described, such parts are, for example, the tongue or the cheek, which can move independently of the rigid teeth.

If, for some reason, a scan can not be attached to the model, the scanner can only be used to some extent as a tool to display the virtual model in the correct position relative to the anatomical structure. It lacks the information where the current scan is relative to the model. When hand-guided, incremental scanning of the

Users can ensure that new scans can be successfully attached to the model. If the current scan can not be attached to the model, the user must take corrective action and move the scanner so that a new scan can be attached to the model. The situation poses a problem for the user in the operation because the continuous scanning is interrupted. Especially in such a situation, it is very helpful if the virtual model is displayed correctly on the anatomical structure. The user can thus bring the scanner closer to the existing model. In such a situation, the current scan should also be displayed at the correct location.

There are also other situations in which the virtual model should be displayed in the correct place and the scanner can only be included as a limited aid.

For example, the scan and the scanned model can not be scanned simultaneously. Depending on the scanning technology used, the scanner will project

visible light on the teeth, which disturbs the presentation of the scan model. In such a case it may be necessary be to interrupt the scan to more accurately evaluate the model.

WO 2004/100067 A2 describes a system that has a

Immediate scan result so that the object to be scanned and the scan result for the scanning person are visible at a glance. This is similar to the system in laparoscopic surgery, which is described in US 6503195 Bl, the scanner as

Tools used for correct display. A

Assistance to the user when assembling

Single scans to a larger model is not described in WO 2004/100067 A2 or in US 6503195 Bl. This

Assembly is particularly difficult for the user if the current scan can not be applied to the existing model. Our invention describes

System for such critical moments. WO 2004/100067 A2 does not mention these critical moments.

WO 2015/181454 A1 describes a system that has a

Scan result or additional information

anatomical structures in the mouth of a patient

superimposed. The images of the intraoral scanner and the overview camera are superimposed on each other by matching three-dimensional point clouds. There is no indication in the description that the overview cameras mentioned in the description

Augmented reality eyewear allow a calculation of a sufficiently accurate point cloud of anatomical structures for a precise blending.

US 2012/0056993 AI, WO 2010/067267 AI and WO 2014/120909 AI are further documents describing systems for displaying scan results. It is the object of the present invention to provide a system for scanning anatomical structures and displaying the scan result and an associated method for

To make available. The presentation of the scan result should allow easier handling of the scanner.

In addition, the most precise possible blending of the scanned anatomical structures with the digital model should also be possible during scan interruptions.

The task is solved by a system as it is in

Claim 1, and by a method as set forth in claim 15. The respective dependent

Claims 2 to 14 and 16 to 18 show advantageous

Further developments of the system of claim 1 and of

The method of claim 15. There is provided a system for scanning anatomical structures and displaying the scan result, the system comprising: an intraoral scanner having an anatomical image

Structures captured intraorally, an extraoral

Registration unit, which determines the spatial position of the

detected intraoral scanner relative to an observer, and a computing unit that sets when scanning the scanner with a screen and the detection unit and a scan result based on the intraoral acquired image of the anatomical structures and the

detected spatial position of the intraoral scanner relative to the observer, and during

Scan pauses position, orientation and scaling of anatomical structures and estimates an appropriate image of the anatomical structures as

Scan result generated, wherein the screen displays the scan result generated by the arithmetic unit. According to the invention, in particular, the use of a

3D video-enabled surface imaging for real-time superimposition of reality with captured 3D data using the acquisition device to determine the

Transformation chain between 3D data and user visual field possible.

An anatomical structure can be used in particular as teeth

Include scan template that is scanned and examined by a dentist as a scanning person. Advantageously, the dentist by the inventive system superimposed on the real teeth and the scanned teeth and make his diagnosis. For the most precise possible crossfading of the scanned anatomical structures with the digital model even during scan interruptions, parameters such as the position, orientation and

Scaling of the true anatomical structure and the

displayed virtual model of the anatomical structure in correspondence.

In contrast to the known from WO 2015/181454 AI

System proposes the present invention advantageously the

Using the scanner as an aid during scanning to estimate a correspondence for a precise blending much more accurate than it has done so far.

Moreover, according to the invention, the properties needed for matching are selected from a variety of properties during the successful addition of scans to the model. Thus, not only is the three-dimensional shape brought into conformity, but it is also possible, for example, to combine two-dimensional properties. It can too

Properties that were not captured directly by the scanner, but only in their vicinity, can be used to achieve a precise match. This is

possible because the relationship between these properties and the location of the virtual model during scanning is known. Preferably, the screen is included in an augmented reality goggle to be located directly in the field of view of a person to be scanned, the detection unit being provided in the immediate vicinity of the screen and ideally rigidly connected thereto. A dentist can thus easily examine the teeth of a patient without having his eyes move back and forth between a patient's mouth and a screen. In particular, the detection unit and the screen may be rigidly attached to the head of the scanning person.

Preferably, the system further comprises an eye camera that detects movements of the eyes and / or the head of the scanning person relative to the detection unit and the screen, wherein the arithmetic unit adapted to the detected on the screen scan result

Movements generated. Through the eye camera can one

Recalibration of the screen can be avoided and the usable angle range can be increased.

Preferably, the system also includes position sensors that detect movements of the scanning person. It also has position sensors on the scanner, which detect the movements of the scanner. The processing unit takes into account the detected movements in the generation of the on the

Screen is displayed. The position sensors also make a representation of a scan result displayed on the screen even more accurate than without these. Due to the position sensors, the robustness of the

Systems increased.

Advantageously, the arithmetic unit performs transformations between coordinate systems. These include a coordinate system of the intraoral acquired image, a coordinate system of the scanner, a coordinate system of the detection unit and a coordinate system of the

Screen. The coordinate systems may further comprise a respective coordinate system of the screen for a left and a right eye of the scanning person and a respective coordinate system for a left and a right eye of the scanning person. Through the transformations between the coordinate systems, an accurate, spatially meaningful representation of a scan result as a superimposed image on the screen can be done.

Preferably, the screen continues to display clues as to successful scanning. This ensures that it is always ensured that an unsuccessful scan is immediately recognizable. Particularly preferably, the arithmetic unit processes the from

Scanner intraoral captured image of the anatomical structures such that it is displayed on the screen at the head of the scanner. This makes it possible to use the scanner as a virtual mirror. Virtual in this context means that there is no conventional optical mirror, but that the captured image when

Scanner head is displayed and only visible through the screen. The mirror is not physically present - only by the display on the screen is the

Functionality of a mirror can be seen.

The detection unit may be, for example, a simple 3D camera which displays the three-dimensional position of the Scanners detected, or even just a 2D camera, with which under certain conditions, the

three-dimensional position of the scanner can be determined. Advantageously, the scanner is optical

Position marks provided. Due to the position marks is a location of the scanner through the

Detecting unit in the scanner in a particularly simple manner possible with a common 2D camera as a detection unit by a distance between the position marks with the 2D camera is determined and because of this

determined or measured distance to the distance of the scanner to the 2D camera is closed.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a method for scanning anatomical structures and displaying the

Scan result using a system designed according to one of the preceding claims for

Provided, comprising the following steps: Capturing an image of the anatomical structures with the intraoral scanner, detecting the spatial

Position of the intraoral scanner, fading in from the

Scanner captured 2D and / or 3D image

Transformations between the coordinate systems, and displaying the generated scan result on the screen. By means of the method according to the invention, it is possible to improve a representation of a scan result on a screen and to facilitate further use of the representation.

In particular, a scan result is formed by merging individual intraorally acquired images of the anatomical structures. Thus, in that case, if the anatomical structures are teeth, an entire jaw can be readily visualized.

Preferably, the respective position of the scanner is tracked and detected by means of the extraoral detection unit. This makes it possible to display a scan result together with a representation of the position of the scanner together with an extraorally acquired image.

Preferably, the respective position of the scanner is tracked using position marks on the scanner. By using position markers on the scanner, an exact position determination of the scanner and thus a precise tracking (English, "tracking") of the scanner possible.

Preferably, the arithmetic unit estimates position, orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures by an invasive or a non-invasive method, wherein the invasive method involves attaching markers or another tracking sensor to the scan

anatomical structure includes and non-invasive

Method comprises a pairing of optical two-dimensional or three-dimensional properties of the anatomical structure. For better estimation of position, orientation and scaling of anatomical structures

Automated learning phase, the processing unit also undergoes automatic learning. That means the

Calculating unit for better estimation of position,

Orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures during a successful append of scans to a model undergoes a learning phase which helps during scan pauses to display the virtual model, with transformations between the virtual model and the features on or close to the anatomical structures during a successful scan are known or learned can be and being two- or three-dimensional

Properties can be selected to make the virtual model stable and robust during scan pauses

to follow up. Through this appreciation and learning, more accurate images of anatomical structures can be obtained than previously possible.

Advantageously, the intraorally acquired image of the anatomical structures and / or the scan result relative to the position of the scanner is displayed on the screen. Thus, a comprehensive and accurate representation of a scan result is possible.

Thus, according to the invention, there is the advantage of a fast, uncomplicated and precise scanning of anatomical structures and of a comfortable presentation of a scan result for a user.

The stated and other features and details of the invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example the features of the present invention

FIG. 1 shows a system according to the present invention,

Figure 2 is a display of a screen of the system according to the present invention, Figure 3 is an overview of the imaging chain of the system according to the present invention,

FIG. 4 shows a coordinate system of a detected scan according to the present invention,

FIG. 5 shows a coordinate system of the scanner according to the present invention, FIG. 6 shows a coordinate system of the detection unit according to the present invention,

Figure 7 illustrates coordinate systems of the left and right eye screen of a scanning person according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 Coordinate systems of a viewer as

Scanning person for a left and a right eye of the scanning person according to the present invention

FIG. 9 shows a calibration according to the present invention

Invention represents

Figure 10 illustrates a correspondence between real teeth and a virtual model of the teeth with position marks on the scanner according to the present invention,

FIG. 11 shows a cross-linked, standardized scan instruction for achieving reproducible scan results according to the present invention,

FIG. 12 shows superimposed markings which disappear after successful detection, according to FIG

represents present invention

Figure 13 illustrates a blended reference to gaps in the model or a low dot density according to the present invention, and Figure 14 shows a display of an image of the intraoral scanner at the head of the scanner according to the present invention.

In the following, the present invention is based on

preferred embodiments with reference to the figures. Figure 1 shows a system in which a screen 40 is placed in the form of augmented reality glasses directly into the field of view of a person scanning. Real teeth as an anatomical structure and a scan result are visible to a scanning person at a glance. One

Screen 40 fades in a display unit virtual content in the real field of view (advanced

Reality).

Augmented reality goggles will soon be commercially available. The present invention can be used, for example, with a

Microsoft HoloLens be implemented. In this case, a detection unit 20 of the spatial position of the scanner is a 3D depth camera with an associated 2D color image. The screen 40 and also the computer unit 30 are integrated in the glasses.

On the screen 40 scan results and helpful hints are visible, which are fitted into the environment. The teeth to be scanned as anatomical structure, already detected teeth and a scanner 10 can be seen at a glance and superimposed on each other, as can be seen in Fig. 2.

The system has as a central element the screen 40, on which scan results and notes are visible. The screen 40 allows the user, the scanning person, to see teeth as a scan and scan results simultaneously and superimposed on each other.

The screen 40 may be implemented in various ways. For example, in a semi-transparent screen as a first example, a virtual content of the

Reality fades and the reality seems at best a little darkened. In a completely virtual Screen as a second example, the virtual content is superimposed on a video of the environment. This video is shot from a natural perspective. The virtual content can also be projected directly onto the retina of a person to be scanned.

Of course, any combination of the first example and the second example are conceivable: The considered environment can also be displayed semi-transparent and / or the cross-fading can be done by not fading in the two screens in front of the eyes the same content. It is also conceivable that the degree of crossfading is set individually by each user.

The system further comprises a detection unit 20 which detects the spatial position of the intraoral scanner 10 and which is connected in the immediate vicinity of the screen 40 and as rigidly as possible with the screen 40

is provided. In augmented reality glasses, a two- or optionally a three-dimensional camera is often integrated. This camera may function as a capture unit 20 and capture the scene from a similar viewpoint as the user of the scanner 10 as the scanning person. The detection unit 20 is used to detect the spatial position of the scanner 10 and the

intraoral scan result at a particular location relative to the interoral scanner 10. It is for

Example makes sense to blend the real anatomical structures with the virtual scan result.

The system may also include an eye camera 21

have the possible movements of the eyes and / or the head of a scanning person relative to the

Detected detection unit 20 and the screen 40. For example, if the distance between the head and the Screen 40 changed, must also have an indicator

be adjusted accordingly. If the viewing direction changes, the display may also need to be changed.

The system may also include optional position sensors 22 which detect movements of the user and help stably display the contents of the screen 40.

In particular, the system has a scanner 10, which is designed as a two- and / or three-dimensional, digital detection device. This can be carried out in various ways. The two-dimensional image can

For example, by an intra-oral camera come about. The three-dimensional model can be captured using triangulation under structured illumination, stereo cameras, confocal, time-of-flight, or other principles.

In addition, the system according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, has in particular a computing unit 30 which stores the scanner 10, the screen 40 and the computer

Detection unit 20, and also an eye camera 21 and position sensors 22, connects to each other. The arithmetic unit 30 determines the superimposition of the scan result and reality taking into account the viewing angle of the

User.

According to the invention, in particular the use of a video-enabled 3D surface imaging for the real-time superimposition of the reality with recorded 3D data using the recording device for determining the

Transformation chain between 3D data and user visual field possible. As can be seen from FIGS. 4 to 8, there are different coordinate systems in the system according to the invention. A coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 is determined by the detected scan, the result of the intraoral scanner 10. Another coordinate system is this

Coordinate system of the scanner 10 shown in FIG. Another coordinate system is a

Coordinate system of the detection unit (hereinafter also referred to as overview camera 20), which detects the position of the scanner 10, which is shown in Figure 6. Another co-ordinate system is the coordinate system of a room shown in Figure 7, as seen by the user or person being scanned, such as a dentist, for each eye a system, i. two

Systems, there. Finally there is one more

Coordinate system of the observer shown in FIG.

To a captured by the scanner 10 image as virtual content precisely detected by the overview camera 20

Assigning anatomical structures as a reality, as shown in FIG. 2, requires a number of known transformations between the above-mentioned coordinate systems, as shown for example in FIG.

A transformation concerns a transformation of the

Reality to the screen 40.

Another transformation concerns a transformation of the reality to the scanner 10, which is known during scanning. The scanner 10 creates the relationship between the reality and the digital model with typically very high accuracy.

Another transformation relates to a transformation of the scanner 10 to the overview camera 20. The location of the

Scanner 10 can be detected by easily recognizable position marks 11 on the scanner 10. These position marks 11 may also be any illustrations of known texture, such as a company or company

Product logo. These landmarks provide information about the location and size of the scanner 10, as they are mounted on the scanner 10 in a known geometry and size, as seen in FIG. The position of the scanner 10 can thus also with a two-dimensional

Overview camera 20 are detected sufficiently. Optical position marks may be, for example, known textures and according to "M. Ozuysal et al .: Feature Harvesting for

Tracking-by-Detection, European Conference on Computer Vision, 2006. "Special position markers can be tracked, for example, according to" D.Wagner et al.: Robust and Unobtrusive Marker Tracking on Mobile Phones, Technical Report, Graz University of Technology " ,

Another transformation relates to a transformation of overview camera 20 to the screen 40. This

Correspondence can be stably determined in advance, for example, by a fixed geometry of the overview camera 20 to the screen 40.

Another transformation concerns a transformation from the eye of a scanning person to the screen 40. This correspondence varies from person to person and must be preceded by a personal calibration before a first

Use to be determined. Since the eyes can move and the viewing direction can change, depending on the system, the eyes must also be followed, as can be done with the eye camera 21 already mentioned.

This picture chain can be used for example with

Transformations are calculated in homogeneous coordinates. A linear transformation T of a coordinate vector

- *

^{Λ '} can be expressed in linear algebra in matrix notation, where A represents the mapping matrix:

T (x) = Ax

A series of linear mappings corresponds to the matrices of the associated ones

Picture matrices.

Further details can be found in the literature, for

Example in "Hartley and Zissermann: Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision, Cambridge University Press".

To avoid the orientation of the eye, the

Scope of a calibration, for example, to a mean solid angle of the field of view of a

User or a scanning person are restricted. A user turns his head so that the

Geometry to be displayed leaves this solid angle, so the overlay can be hidden.

With suitable coordinate transformations

(Transformation instructions) become the different ones

Coordinate systems converted into each other. Lastly, there is a transformation statement that uses the above

Perform transformations in one step for each eye, which means that two transformations are performed. The transformation instruction makes it possible to transfer the movements of teeth as anatomical structure of a patient into the coordinate system of a respective eye of a user and detected by the scanner 10 3D geometries on the screen 40 in the correct position with respect to a naturally seen by the eye image for display bring to. For example, to calibrate the entire system (especially eye-to-screen), the scanner 10 may do so

be aligned so that it coincides with the virtual display of the scanner 10, as can be seen in Figure 9. If the image chain is broken, like

for example, by a faulty scanning, a

Registration error or by occlusion of the

Scanner 10, the virtual content in the

best possible position. This position is preferably determined by:

- Acceleration sensors, which are mounted on the scanner 10. These allow a short-term estimation of the position of the scanner 10. In the long run, however, small errors accumulate and the estimated position becomes more inaccurate.

- Tracking an anatomical structure to be scanned. Teeth of the upper jaw of a patient are firmly attached to his head. The observation of facial features, such as the eyes, may indicate a

Localize the teeth.

- Depending on the resolution of the overview camera 20 and a

Distance to the anatomical structure, such as teeth of a patient, features on the teeth can also be recognized. The correspondences of 2D features to a 3D model pose can be learned during a successful scan. Such features can

for example, certain edge patterns or even one

To be color distribution of the teeth.

Faulty observations may be incorporated into a model of movement of teeth as an anatomical structure, such as a caiman filter to pass through Computing unit to calculate a stable estimate of the situation, which can be similar to a position estimate of a car in a GPS signal loss.

The contents of the screen 40 will now be discussed.

To increase the reproducibility of the scan results, scan logs can be displayed during routine scanning. For example, from "Ender and Flour: The Influence of Scanning Strategies on the Accuracy of Digital Intraoral Scanning Systems, International Journal of

Computerized Dentistry, 2013 "it is known that

Scan protocols can increase the accuracy of the model. Such protocols are usually taught to users in a training phase. The proposed ^~ Sys ^"TBM allows to propose such scanning protocols during scanning and display. These instructions can be easily applied because the correspondence between the scanner and the model is obvious. The scanning protocols must not be permanently fixed in advance, but can also be proposed interactively be around

Minimize registration errors. Ring closures are usually especially important to correct small registration errors, see

Example: "T. Weise et al .: In-the-Scanning with Online Loop Closure, ICCV Workshops, 2009 "The system may suggest certain, particularly valuable, ring closures to improve the accuracy of the model

Scan instructions can be made, for example, by arrows which show the scanning direction, as can be seen in FIG. It is also conceivable that numbered

Landmarks are displayed as help. These landmarks disappear as soon as this region was successfully scanned. This possibility can be seen in FIG.

As a further aid, the quality of a scan can be virtually blended, such as by a particular color scheme, which can be seen in FIG. The quality of the scan is bad if, for example, gaps are found in the model. These regions can then

be suggested to scan next.

To not directly visible views of the model

Visualize the scanner 10 acts as a virtual

Mirror. The from the point of view of a user not

The view viewable is virtually mirrored at the head of the scanner 10, as shown in FIG. The mirror is virtual - so it can be positioned as desired, such as according to Figure 14 directly on the scanner 10 or also next to the scanner 10. The mirror can also, if necessary, work as a magnifying glass or magnifying concave mirror.

Another virtual magnifier can be added to enlarge critical regions.

If the scanner 10 has the capability,

To record two-dimensional scans, the virtual mirror can also function as an electronic dental mirror of the model or real teeth. In case of

These 3D scan results are used to display the model data relative to the position of the scanner 10. Without 3D scan results shows the virtual

Dentist mirror directly to the two-dimensional scan relative to the position of the scanner 10 at. The image of the displayed scan is displayed by introducing artificial lighting. The corresponding virtual light source is preferably positioned where a dentist as a scanning person

typically has his lighting positioned, such as on his forehead. To this virtual

The light source must be able to position the light source correctly

System to know the position of the dentist relative to the patient. In the simplest case, the overview camera 20 is rigidly connected to the head of the dentist. The

Picture correspondence between survey camera and

Teeth of a patient is known by scanning.

A representation must be done in real time, ideally with a maximum latency of 0.1 seconds. Higher latencies do not generally limit the applicability of the method, but a user is one

correspondingly slower handling of the scanner 10

forced. A latency is not completely avoidable because the position determination of the scanner 10 first generates the 3D image and the rest of the geometry to be displayed

registered (transfer to a joint

Coordinate system).

A presentation with a short latency requires a correspondingly powerful computing hardware. The computer hardware can be distributed. Thus, a CPU and a GPU may be located between the display 40 and the acquisition unit 20. More CPUs and GPUs can be found in the

Arithmetic unit 30 which connects the screen 40, the detection unit 20 and the scanner 10.

Now, the spatial arrangement of the virtual model and reality is discussed. To make the virtual model of teeth as anatomical structure as natural as possible and spatially correct in the mouth

To display, the objects must be in the immediate vicinity the teeth are segmented. This segmentation can be done, for example, by matching the optical flow of the virtually covered real teeth and the virtual model. The optical flow of

Covered 2D view must match the flow of the estimated virtual model. If not

is true, these moving perturbations are spatially displayed in front of the virtual model. If the intraoral scanner 10 provides an RGB image and the virtual model can be colored in this way, the color deviations between real teeth and model could also be used for a segmentation. If the color values are not

match, the virtual model will be in these

For example, areas are not displayed. Optionally, this option can also be turned off to show, for example, gaps in the model behind the head of the scanner 10.

In particular, during scan pauses position,

Orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures with tools estimated by the computing unit 30. One can distinguish invasive and non-invasive methods, with non-invasive methods being preferred.

An invasive method is to attach markers or another tracking sensor to the anatomical structure to be scanned. A non-invasive method is the pairing of optical 2D or 3D properties of the

anatomical structure. For example, 2D or 3D properties may be a sparse number of conspicuous, local points, or even a number of larger regions that are densely distributed over the object.

Local 2D properties include: Local color differences on anatomical structures. In the described application typically tooth-gum transitions.

Local brightness differences. In the described application typically fine differences in brightness on teeth.

Points of maximum brightness

Points of minimal brightness

Local 3D properties include: - Local differences in shape on anatomical structures, which can be described with curvature masses, for example.

Local 2D or 3D properties can also be examined for their spatial distribution, so a

to achieve more robust description. The

Neighbor relationships between local points can

For example, be described with spacers.

One way is to set the properties on the

virtual model with the characteristics that are captured by the overview camera, to balance. The

Survey camera also typically provides 2D

Color data or 3D data of the environment. The matching of the properties is the easier, the more similar the

Recording conditions between the intraoral camera during the continuous scan and the survey camera are in scan pauses. Thus, the possible illumination, which is needed to capture the scans, while the pictures are taken with the overview camera, off. It can also be an additional lighting, advantageously in a similar location as the overview camera, be attached. It is also possible to grasp the closer environment of the anatomical structures and thus to the anatomical

To close structures. For example, the head or parts of the head can be used to determine the parameters of the teeth. Again, there are invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive markers can be applied to the face, for example. Non-invasive, for example, certain aspects or a face mask can be tracked. In order to place the virtual model as precisely as possible over the true anatomical structures even during scan breaks, there is an automated learning phase during scanning with the scanner 10 with the method described as the supervisor when creating an image. While scanning and the

Successfully adding a scan to a model, the data from the overview camera are continuously analyzed and evaluated so that later during scan breaks the virtual model is as correctly as possible blended with the real anatomical structures. In this learning phase, it is automatically recognized which properties that are tracked with the overview camera are suitable for estimating the position, orientation and scaling of the virtual model. These properties should, for example, enable the most stable tracking possible. From a variety of

described properties, such. Local 2D or 3D properties, those are selected which can be tracked particularly stable and robust in this situation. With the automated learning phase, it is possible to use any combination of different ones

Properties, which for example on the

anatomical structures and in their vicinity. These properties should also be meaningful with respect to the estimation parameters. The relationship between the selected properties and the estimated parameters known during scanning is learned. If certain properties are not helpful in estimating the desired parameters, it will be detected during scanning and these properties can be ignored later during scan pauses.

In case of interruption of a scan, these skillfully selected properties are used to estimate the now unknown parameters.

It automatically learns which properties are suitable for estimating the desired parameters. Therefore, these properties do not have to be selected in advance, but adaptively by scan process

Adjusted scanning process. The automated learning phase makes it possible to match properties that are only close to the scanned anatomical structures with the estimated parameters. For example, the relationship between the position, orientation and scaling of the virtual model relative to the position, orientation and scaling of a face mask (tracked with the

Overview camera) are learned. During scan interruptions, the face mask may still be tracked and the anatomical structures may be displayed at the learned position, orientation and scaling relative to the face mask.

If the scanner can not be used as an aid, the virtual model can also be placed manually by the user over the true anatomical structures. In this manual calibration step can then also the relationship between the traced properties and the position, orientation and scaling of the

be learned virtual model. The manual

Calibration step can be done once or repeatedly to obtain a higher robustness. In particular, the present invention provides a system and method for scanning anatomical structures and displaying the scan result which, with ease of operation, provides improved rendering of scan results.

Claims

claims

A system for scanning anatomical structures and displaying the scan result, the system comprising: an intraoral scanner (10) that captures an image of the anatomical structures intraorally, an extraoral acquisition unit (20) that maintains a spatial position of the intraoral scanner (10) relative to an observer or a scanning one

Person detects, and a computing unit (30), which sets the scanner (10) with a screen (40) and the detection unit (20) during scanning and a scan result based on the intraoral acquired image of the anatomical structures and the detected spatial position of the intraoral scanner (10) relative to the observer, and the during scan pauses position, orientation and

Scaling the anatomical structures estimates and generates an estimate of the corresponding anatomical structures as a scan result, and wherein the screen (40) displays the scan result generated by the computing unit (30).

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen (40) is included in an augmented reality glasses to look directly in the field of view

The detection unit (20) is a camera that creates a two- and / or three-dimensional overview image, with the camera in close proximity the screen (40) and is rigidly connected thereto.

3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that the detection unit (20) and the screen (40) is rigidly attached to the head of the scanning person.

A system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it further comprises an eye camera (21) which detects movements of the eyes and / or the head of the scanning person relative to the detection unit (20) and the screen (40) the arithmetic unit (30) generates the scan result displayed on the screen (40) as a superimposed image adapted to the detected movements.

5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises position sensors (22), which the

Detecting movements of the scanning person, wherein the computing unit (30) takes into account the detected movements in the generation of the superimposed image displayed on the screen (40).

6. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it further comprises position sensors in the scanner (10), which detect the movements of the scanner, wherein the arithmetic unit (30) detects the detected movements in the generation of on the screen (40).

displayed superimposed image taken into account.

7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arithmetic unit (30)

Transformations between coordinate systems

performs.

8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the coordinate systems a coordinate system of intraoral image, a coordinate system of the scanner (10), a coordinate system of the

Detection unit (20) and a coordinate system of the screen (40).

A system according to claim 8, when dependent on claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the coordinate systems continue to each one

Coordinate system of the screen (40) for a left and a right eye of the scanning person and each comprises a coordinate system for a left and a right eye of the scanning person.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screen (40) further contains indications relating to a successful scanning

indicates.

11. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arithmetic unit (30) processes the image of the anatomical structures acquired by the scanner (10) intraorally in such a way that it can be read on the

Screen (40) at the head of the scanner (10) is displayed.

12. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the scanner (10)

Position markers (11) are provided.

A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computing unit (30) estimates position, orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures by an invasive or a non-invasive method, the invasive method comprising attaching markers or another tracking sensor the anatomical structure to be scanned and the non- invasive method a pairing of optical

two-dimensional or three-dimensional properties of the anatomical structure.

The system of claim 13, characterized in that the arithmetic unit (30) undergoes a learning phase to better estimate the position, orientation, and scaling of the anatomical structures during successful scans to a model, which helps to display the virtual model during scan pauses wherein transformations between the virtual model and the properties on or near the anatomical structures are known or can be learned during successful scanning, and two- or three-dimensional properties can be selected to stably and robustly track the virtual model during scan pauses.

15. A method of scanning anatomical structures and displaying the scan result using one of the preceding claims

trained system, characterized by the following method steps:

Capturing an image of the anatomical structures with the intraoral scanner (10),

Detecting the spatial position or position of the intraoral scanner (10) with the extraoral

Detection unit (20),

Transferring a coordinate system of the image acquired with the intraoral scanner (10) into a

Coordinate system of the screen (40) Transformation between the coordinate systems when scanning, or

Estimate the position, orientation and scaling of the anatomical structures and generate one of the

Estimate corresponding image of the anatomical

Structures, and

Displaying the generated image on the screen (40).

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a scan result by merging individual from the scanner (10) intraoral captured images of

anatomical structures is formed.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized

in that the respective position of the scanner (10) is tracked using position markers (11) on the scanner (10).

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the scanner (10) intraoral captured image of the anatomical structures and / or the scan result relative to the position of the scanner (10) on the screen (40) is displayed / will.