EP3317603B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

To transfer heat energy from a process medium to a second process medium, heat exchangers are used. In recuperative heat exchangers, each medium has a space separated from the other.

A common type of heat exchangers are so-called shell and tube heat exchangers, in which a medium is passed through a plurality of parallel tubes arranged in a bundle. The second medium is passed through a chamber surrounding the tube bundle.

In a particular design, the tube bundle is formed by a plurality of unilaterally closed tubes. A second tube is inserted therein and open towards the closed end of the first tube. A type of this type is made US 2010/0254891 A1 known. Since the internal pipes are often led out laterally from the inner tube to be improved connection, this design is also referred to as a bayonet heat exchanger.

Advantage of this design is that the mostly flowing back into the inner tube medium gives off a portion of the heat energy to the outside flowing past medium and thus contributes to the heating of the inflowing cooler medium.

In such heat exchangers, however, there is the problem of advantageous control and it may also cause problems when an urgent shutdown of the system is necessary, for example, if the medium to be heated is exposed to a high temperature.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger of the type mentioned, in which a shutdown of the heat transfer is possible in an advantageous manner. Furthermore, preferably an advantageous control of the heat exchanger should be possible.

The invention is defined by the features of claim 1.

In a heat exchanger according to the invention with a first portion, which can be traversed by a first medium, and a second portion, which can be flowed through by a second medium, wherein during operation a heat exchange between the first and the second medium, the first portion has an inlet chamber and first tubes connected to the inlet chamber and an outlet chamber and second tubes connected to the outlet chamber. The first tubes are each closed at the end facing away from the inlet chamber and each second tube is at least partially disposed within one of the first tubes. The end of each second tube facing away from the outlet chamber is opened to the interior of the respective first tube. The second section has an inlet device and an outlet device, wherein the inlet device opens into a heat exchanger chamber. The heat transfer chamber at least partially surrounds the first tubes of the first section. Further, the heat transfer chamber is connected to the outlet device. The invention is characterized in that the inlet means a shut-off device for blocking the fluid flow of the second medium into the heat transfer chamber, and in that a bypass device connects the inlet device and the outlet device for at least partially bypassing the fluid flow of the second medium to the heat transfer chamber, wherein the shut-off device is arranged in the flow direction of the second medium behind the bypass device.

By means of the shut-off device in its closed position, it is thus advantageously possible to prevent the second medium flowing in through the inlet device from entering the heat exchanger chamber. By means of the bypass device, the second medium can be passed directly to the outlet device. When the shut-off device is shut off, the heat transfer chamber is not flowed through. Thus, by means of the shut-off device, a rapid switching off of the heat exchange between the first and the second medium can be achieved, while at the same time preventing the shut-off device from generating too high a pressure, since the second medium can be discharged via the bypass device.

The first tubes of the first section are preferably arranged in parallel and as a bundle.

It is preferably provided that the bypass device has a regulating device for regulating the fluid flow of the second medium through the bypass device. The control device may be formed, for example, as a rotationally driven flap. Such flaps have the advantage that a drive shaft for actuating the flap can be sealed in an advantageous manner. In this way, with the shut-off device open, it is possible to set whether a certain proportion of the second medium is guided through the bypass device by adjusting the pressure loss in the bypass device via the regulating device. Thus, the amount of the second medium, which enters the heat transfer chamber, and Thus, a heat exchange with the first medium is effected, regulate in an advantageous manner.

It is preferably provided that the shut-off device has a control function. In this way, by means of the shut-off device, the amount of the second medium which enters the heat transfer chamber can be regulated. In an embodiment in which the bypass device has no control device, it is also possible by means of the shut-off device with control function to set that a part of the second medium is guided past the bypass device and thus a heat transfer chamber.

The bypass device and the shut-off device are basically formed separately from each other and independently operable. As a result, a particularly flexible use and advantageous control is achieved, since there is a defined control curve in the entire operating range. The shut-off device can, for example, have a flow-regulating, rotatably operable flap.

It is preferably provided that the heat transfer chamber is formed by an elongated tube. In this way, a heat transfer chamber, which receives a tube bundle of first tubes, can be created in a structurally simple manner.

In this case, it is preferably provided that a housing tube surrounds the elongate tube of the heat transfer chamber and the outlet device opens into the housing tube, wherein the elongated tube is open on the side facing away from the inlet device to a gap formed between the housing tube and the elongated tube. In other words, the second medium flowing through the heat transfer chamber flows outwardly at the end of the elongated tube into the annular gap formed between the housing tube and the elongated tube and flows outwardly on the elongated tube toward the outlet device. To this It can be achieved, for example, that the outlet device and the inlet device are arranged relatively close to one another, so that the inlet and outlet tubes for the second medium can be arranged close to each other, which often has constructive advantages.

Preferably, the heat exchanger has a housing in which the inlet chamber, the outlet chamber and the heat exchanger chamber are accommodated. In other words, the heat exchanger has a common housing for at least part of the apparatus forming the first and second sections.

It can be provided that the housing forms the housing tube.

The heat exchanger may for example be elongated, wherein the inlet chamber is enclosed, for example, by the housing wall. The outlet chamber may for example be inserted into the inlet chamber. For example, the discharge chamber may be separated from the heat transfer chamber and the housing tube by a housing partition penetrated by the first and second tubes. Such a configuration has proven to be particularly advantageous.

It can be provided that the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are arranged in a first end portion of the housing. By first end portion is meant, for example, a portion of the housing which extends for example over 10-20% of the length of the housing.

The inlet means and the outlet means may be arranged at a second end portion of the housing. The second end portion may also extend, for example, over 10-20% of the length of the housing.

The heat transfer chamber may be disposed at a central portion of the housing. The central portion of the housing is disposed between the first and second end portions.

It is preferably provided that the inlet device has an inlet pipe socket and the outlet device has an outlet pipe socket, which are arranged in a horizontal plane. In other words, the center axes of the inlet pipe stub and the outlet pipe stub are arranged in a plane. The inlet and outlet pipe sockets may e.g. be arranged coaxially or offset 90 ° to each other.

Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous because the lines leading the second medium, which lead to the heat exchanger and away from this, may also be arranged coaxially with each other. Thus, the heat exchanger according to the invention can be used for example in an existing line of the second medium without great design effort.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the outlet device has a second outlet chamber, wherein the inlet device penetrates the second outlet chamber, and wherein the bypass device has a bypass tube connection, which projects from the inlet device into the second outlet chamber. The second outlet chamber may be formed, for example, by the second end portion of the housing.

Such an embodiment of the inlet device and outlet device can be provided in a structurally particularly simple manner.

Preferably, it is provided that the outlet pipe nozzle opens into the second outlet chamber.

In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the shut-off device and the control device of the bypass device, for example, as flaps be educated. Of course, other regulatory organs can be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that each second tube is formed as a double-walled tube, with an inner tube and an outer tube, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to each other at the end facing away from the outlet chamber or at the end facing the outlet chamber. It is thereby achieved that medium entering the inlet chamber collects in the annular gap formed between the inner tube and the outer tube. The outer tube of the second tube acts as a radiation protection against thermal radiation of the medium to be heated. Furthermore, the medium located in the annular gap between the outer tube and the inner tube can cause an insulating effect.

It is preferably provided that flow deflection elements for deflecting the flow of the second medium are arranged in the heat transfer chamber. By providing Strömungsumlenkelementen in the heat transfer chamber, the second medium can be positively constrained in an advantageous manner. Thereby, the heat exchange in the heat transfer chamber can be improved. Also can be reduced by the forced operation of the second medium, the height of the pressure loss of the pressure of the second medium as it flows through the heat transfer chamber.

The heat exchanger according to the invention can be operated with gases, vapors and liquids in any combination and be used for example as a gas gas heat exchanger or gas liquid heat exchanger. It is also possible that a heat exchange between a gaseous medium and a hydraulic medium takes place. The medium 1 may for example be a smoke and the medium 2 is a hydraulic medium, such as water. There is also the possibility that the medium 1 is a hydraulic medium, such as water, and the medium 2 a Smoke. In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the medium 1, a medium to be heated and the medium 2 to be cooled or vice versa, the medium 2, a medium to be heated and the medium 1 to be cooled medium.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Figur 1

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers,

Figur 2

eine schematische Detaildarstellung des ersten Endabschnitts des Gehäuses des Wärmeübertragers der Figur 1 und

Figur 3

eine schematische Detaildarstellung des zweiten Endabschnitts des Gehäuses des Wärmeübertragers der Figur 1.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a schematic sectional view of a heat exchanger according to the invention,

FIG. 2

a schematic detail of the first end portion of the housing of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 and

FIG. 3

a schematic detail of the second end portion of the housing of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 ,

In the Figures 1-3 an inventive heat exchanger 1 is shown schematically in section.

The heat exchanger consists of a first section 3, which can be traversed by a first medium and a second section 5, which can be traversed by a second medium.

Between the first and the second medium takes place during operation of the heat exchanger 1, a heat exchange.

The first section 3 of the heat exchanger 1 has an inlet chamber 7, and first tubes 9 connected to the inlet chamber. The first medium can be conducted into the inlet chamber 7 through a pipe socket 11. At the the Inlet chamber 7 facing away from the end 9a, the tubes 9 are closed. The first tubes 9 are arranged parallel to one another and as a tube bundle.

Furthermore, the first section 3 has an outlet chamber 13, which is connected to a further pipe socket 11, through which the first medium can be removed from the heat exchanger 1.

The discharge chamber 13 is disposed in the inlet chamber 7 and connected to a plurality of second tubes 15. Each second tube 15 is partially disposed within one of the first tubes 9. In other words, a second tube 15 is inserted into a first tube 9. The end 15a of each second tube 15 facing away from the outlet chamber 13 is opened towards the interior of the respective first tube 9.

The first medium flowing through the first section 3 passes through the pipe socket 11 into the inlet chamber 7. From there, the medium flows in the annular gap 17 formed between the first pipe 9 and each second pipe 15 up to the end 9a of each pipe facing away from the inlet chamber 7 9. Due to the fact that the first tubes 9 are closed at this end, the first medium flows into the second tube 15 and in the direction of the outlet chamber 13. In this, the first medium flowing back is collected and discharged through the pipe socket 11 connected to the outlet chamber 13 ,

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the second tube 15 is formed as a double-walled tube and has an inner tube 15b and an outer tube 15c. The annular gap 15d formed between the inner tube 15b and the outer tube 15c is opened to the inlet chamber 7. At the end 15a of the second tube 15 facing away from the outlet chamber 13, the inner tube 15b is connected to the outer tube 15c, so that the annular gap 15d is closed at this end 15a. Such a design of the second tube 15 serves on the one hand as a radiation shield for the inner tube 15b and on the other hand penetrates into the unit chamber 7 flowing first medium in the Annular gap between the inner tube 15b and 15c and remains there. This medium forms an additional protective insulation effect. As a result, the heat transfer can be made uniform.

The second section 5 of the heat exchanger 1 according to the invention has an inlet device 19 and an outlet device 21. The inlet device 19 has an inlet pipe socket 23, through which the second medium is supplied to the heat exchanger 1. The outlet device 21 has an outlet pipe socket 25, through which the second medium can flow out of the heat exchanger. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the inlet pipe stub 23 and the outlet pipe stub 25 are arranged coaxially with each other.

The inlet device 19 opens into a heat exchanger chamber 27, which surrounds the first tubes 9 of the first section 3. An elongated tube 27a surrounds the heat transfer chamber 27. The second medium flows through the inlet device 19 into the heat transfer chamber 27 and thus surrounds the first tubes 9. On the surface of the first tubes 9 thus creates a heat transfer surface, by means of a heat exchange between the first and second medium can be done.

In the heat transfer chamber 27 flow deflection elements 28 are formed, which cause a deflection of the flow direction of the second medium. This improves heat exchange. The Strömungsumlenkelemente 28 may be formed in the form of ring or disc elements. The Strömungsumlenkelemente 28 may be plates, such as baffles, or spiral deflecting elements. The arrangement of the Strömungsumlenkelemente 28, the flow direction of the second medium is changed by this is positively guided. Also, the amount of pressure loss of the pressure of the second medium when flowing through the heat transfer chamber 27 is reduced.

On the end remote from the inlet device 19 of the heat exchanger chamber 27, the elongated tube 27 a is open. A housing tube 29 surrounds the elongate tube 27a, so that a gap space 31 is created between the elongated tube 27a and the housing tube 29. The gap 31 passes into a second outlet chamber 33, which is part of the outlet 21 and into which the outlet pipe stub 25 opens. On the end remote from the outlet 21 of the housing tube 29 this is connected to a Gehäusetrennwandung 35, which is penetrated by the first tubes 9. The housing partition wall 35 closes off the heat exchanger chamber 27 and the gap space 31 on the end remote from the outlet device 21. The second medium, which flows through the heat exchanger chamber 27, is thus directed by means of the housing partition wall 35 into the gap space 31 and flows through the gap space 31 into the second outlet chamber 33.

From the inlet device 19, a bypass device 37 leads to the outlet device 21. A bypass pipe connection piece 39 is connected to the inlet device 19, which extends into the second outlet chamber 33. Thus, second medium flowing in through the inlet device 19 can be guided past the heat exchanger chamber 27 and flow directly to the outlet device 21.

Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the figures, the bypass device has a control device 43. By means of these, the pressure loss at the bypass device 37 can be regulated. As a result, the flow of the second medium through the heat transfer chamber 27 and the bypass device 37 can be regulated in a particularly advantageous manner. As a result, a regulation of the mixing temperature of the second medium at the outlet device 21 is advantageously possible.

The inlet device 19 has a shut-off device 41, which is arranged in the flow direction of the second medium behind the bypass device 37 in the inlet device 19. By means of the shut-off device, the Fluid flow of the second medium are shut off in the heat transfer chamber 27. In the blocking position of the shut-off device 41 thus the second medium flows completely through the bypass device 37 in the outlet 21. By the shut-off 41 an emergency shutdown is possible, whereby components within the heat exchanger chamber 27 can be protected.

The shut-off device 41 may also have a control function, so that a part of the second medium flows into the heat transfer chamber 27 and a part through the bypass device 37. In this way, the heat exchanger 1 can be controlled in an advantageous manner. The blocking device 41 can thus perform a blocking function and a control function, whereby in some embodiments, the control device 43 can be dispensed with.

The shut-off device 41 and the control device 43 may be formed, for example, as controllable flaps. For example, the shut-off device 41 and the control device 43 may have rotationally driven flaps which limit the flow depending on their position. The shut-off device 41, the bypass device 37 are basically separated and independently formed.

The heat exchanger 1 has a housing 45 which accommodates the inlet chamber 17, the outlet chamber 13, the heat exchanger chamber 27, the gap space 31 and the second outlet chamber 33. The housing 45 forms the housing tube 29 and the housing partition wall 35th

The inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are arranged in a first end portion 45a of the housing. This may extend for example over 10-20% of the length of the entire housing 45.

The inlet device 19 and the outlet device 21 are arranged at a second end portion 45b of the housing. As described, parts of the inlet device 19 and the outlet device 21 are in this housing part added. The second end portion 45b of the housing 45 also extends for about 10-20% of the length of the housing 45.

The middle portion 45c formed between the first and second end portions 45a, 45b receives the heat transfer chamber 27 and forms the gap space 31.

Claims (15)

1. A heat exchanger (1) comprising a first section (3) through which a first medium can flow, and a second section (5) through which a second medium can flow, wherein during operation a heat exchange takes place between the first and the second medium,

   - wherein the first section (3) comprises an inlet chamber (7) and first tubes (9) connected to the inlet chamber, and an outlet chamber (13) and second tubes (15) connected to the outlet chamber (13),

   - wherein the first tubes (9) are each closed at the ends (9a) facing away from the inlet chamber (7), and

   - wherein each second tube (15) is at least partly arranged inside one of the first tubes (9), and the end (15a) of each second tube (15) that faces away from the outlet chamber (13) is open to the interior of the respective first tube (9),

   - wherein the second section (5) comprises an inlet means (19) and an outlet means (21),

   - wherein the inlet means (19) opens into a heat exchanger chamber (27) and the heat exchanger chamber (27) at least partly surrounds the first tubes (9) of the first section (3),

   - and wherein the heat exchanger chamber (27) is connected to the outlet means (21).

   characterized in
   that the inlet means (19) comprises a shut-off device (41) for shutting off the fluid flow of the second medium into the heat exchanger chamber (27), and that a bypass device (37) connects the inlet means (19) and the outlet means (21) to lead the fluid flow of the second medium at least partly past the heat exchanger chamber (27), wherein the shut-off device (41) is arranged downstream of the bypass device (37) in the flow direction of the second medium.
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass device (37) comprises a control device (43) for control of the fluid flow of the second medium through the bypass device (37).
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shut-off device (41) has a control function.
4. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger chamber (27) is formed by an elongated tube (27a).
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that a casing tube (29) surrounds the elongated tube (27a) of the heat exchanger chamber (27) and that the casing tube (29) opens into the outlet means (21), wherein, on the side facing away from the inlet means (19), the elongated tube (27a) is open toward a gap space (31) formed between the casing tube (29) and the elongated tube (27a).
6. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a casing (45) in which the inlet chamber (7), the outlet chamber (13) and the heat exchanger chamber (27) are accommodated.
7. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that the casing (45) forms the casing tube (29).
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the inlet chamber (7) and the outlet chamber (13) are arranged in a first end section (45a) of the casing (45).
9. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the inlet means (19) and the outlet means (21) are arranged on a second end section (45b) of the casing (45).
10. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the heat exchanger chamber (27) is arranged in a central section (45c) of the casing (45).
11. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the inlet means (19) comprises an inlet tube connector (23) and the outlet means (21) comprises an outlet tube connector (25), wherein the inlet tube connector (23) and the outlet tube connector (25) are arranged coaxially to each other or their axes are arranged in a horizontal plane.
12. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the outlet means (21) comprises a second outlet chamber (33), wherein the inlet means (19) traverses the second outlet chamber (33) and wherein the bypass device (37) comprises a bypass tube connector (39) extending from the inlet means (19) into the second outlet chamber (33).
13. The heat exchanger according to claim 12, characterized in that the outlet tube connector (25) opens into the second outlet chamber (33).
14. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that each second tube (15) is designed as a double-walled tube comprising an inner tube (15b) and an outer tube (15c), wherein the inner tube (15b) and the outer tube (15c) are connected to each other on the end (15a) facing away from the outlet chamber (13) or on the end facing toward the outlet chamber (13).
15. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, in the heat exchanger chamber (27), flow deflection elements (28) are arranged for deflecting the flow of the second medium.

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