EP3317225A1 - Device for generating gaseous dihydrogen - Google Patents

Device for generating gaseous dihydrogen

Info

Publication number
EP3317225A1
EP3317225A1 EP16750895.1A EP16750895A EP3317225A1 EP 3317225 A1 EP3317225 A1 EP 3317225A1 EP 16750895 A EP16750895 A EP 16750895A EP 3317225 A1 EP3317225 A1 EP 3317225A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compartment
wall
storage material
conveying
hydrogen storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16750895.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas AUTRUSSON
Arnaud FOURNET
Thierry FERAILLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
Original Assignee
ArianeGroup SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArianeGroup SAS filed Critical ArianeGroup SAS
Publication of EP3317225A1 publication Critical patent/EP3317225A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B64D2041/005—Fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the generation of hydrogen gas intended in particular for supplying a fuel cell mounted in an aircraft.
  • the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a device for generating gaseous dihydrogen, comprising:
  • a second conveying compartment the first compartment surrounds the second compartment and being separated therefrom by a second wall
  • a conveyor system is present in the second compartment and being configured to transport the hydrogen storage material of a entry of the second compartment communicating with the first compartment to an exit of the second compartment
  • ⁇ a communication recovery media with the outlet of the second compartment and connected to the first and second walls, said support being configured to be moved in the first compartment, - a movement formatting system for operating the conveyor system as well as the movement of the recovery medium in the first compartment, and
  • a heating system configured to heat the second compartment
  • the invention advantageously makes it possible to provide a device for generating gaseous hydrogen that is particularly compact and light because of a particular arrangement in which the first and second compartments are placed in the same enclosure, the first compartment surrounding the second compartment and in which the used hydrogen storage material (ie having been transformed under the effect of heat in order to release the gaseous hydrogen) is recovered in this same enclosure.
  • the solution proposed in the present invention thus makes it possible to very significantly reduce the size of the device with respect to a solution in which the hydrogen storage material, the conveying system and the used hydrogen storage material would each be present in a device. separate enclosure.
  • the recovery medium is for recovering used hydrogen storage material.
  • the recovery medium may, for example, be in the form of a recovery tray.
  • the recovery medium may have a bottom having a non-planar shape, such as a concave or convex shape.
  • the heating system may be configured to perform induction heating of the second compartment, and in particular of the conveyor system present in the second compartment.
  • the heating system may be configured to provide resistive heating of the second compartment.
  • the conveying system and the movement of the recovery support can be configured to be actuated by the same motor of the moving system.
  • the movement system may comprise at least one motor configured to operate at least the conveying system via a magnetic coupling.
  • Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to impart to the body an excellent seal with dihydrogen.
  • the conveying system may be in the form of a conveying screw.
  • a first edge of the recovery support can be connected to one of the first and second walls by a slide connection and a second edge of said support can be connected to the other of the first and second walls by a connection.
  • helical and the first and second walls may be configured to be rotated relative to one another by the moving system to move the recovery medium along the longitudinal axis. of the first compartment.
  • a first edge of the recovery support can be connected to the first wall by a slide connection and a second edge of said support can be connected to the second wall by a helical connection and the first and second walls can be configured to be rotated relative to each other by the moving system to move the recovery medium along the longitudinal axis of the first compartment.
  • the motion system may be configured to rotate the first wall and the second wall may be configured to remain stationary.
  • the present invention also provides a fuel cell system comprising:
  • the present invention also relates to an aircraft equipped with a system as described above.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for generating gaseous hydrogen using a device as described above in which a hydrogen storage material is present in the first compartment, the method comprising actuating the system for conveying the hydrogen storage material from the inlet of the second compartment to the outlet of the second compartment, the hydrogen storage material being during its transportation in the second compartment heated by the heating system for generating the gaseous hydrogen, the used hydrogen storage material being recovered by the recovery medium at the outlet of the second compartment.
  • the hydrogen storage material may be in granular form.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of supplying dihydrogen to a fuel cell comprising the generation of gaseous dihydrogen by implementing a process as described above and conveying the hydrogen gas thus generated to anode of a fuel cell.
  • FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of an exemplary device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a detail of the device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of a system according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a variant according to the invention. Detailed description of embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a device 1 for generating gaseous hydrogen according to the invention.
  • the device 1 comprises a body 2 delimiting an interior volume in which is present a first storage compartment 4 delimited laterally by a first wall 6.
  • the body 2 extends along a longitudinal axis X and is delimited longitudinally by a wall bottom 17a and by a wall superior 17b.
  • the body 2 further comprises a side wall 17c surrounding the first wall 6 and the first compartment 4.
  • the axis X also constitutes the longitudinal axis of the first compartment 4.
  • the first compartment 4 is delimited longitudinally by a bottom 5a of the first compartment and the upper wall 17b.
  • a recovery medium for example in the form of a recovery tray 15 as illustrated, is present in the first compartment 4 and is configured to move along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4 as will be detailed more low.
  • the bottom of the recovery medium has a non-planar shape such as a concave or convex shape.
  • a second conveying compartment 8 is present in the interior volume delimited by the body 2.
  • the first compartment 4 surrounds the second compartment 8.
  • the second compartment 8 extends along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4.
  • a wall 9 surrounds laterally the second compartment 8.
  • the wall 9 has a helical thread on its side located on the side of the first compartment 4.
  • the wall 9 has a first end located on the bottom side 5a of the first compartment 4.
  • An inlet 13a of the second compartment 8 communicating with the first compartment 4 is located at this first end.
  • the wall 9 has a second end located on the side of the upper wall 17b.
  • An outlet 13b of the second compartment 8 communicating with the first compartment 4 and with the plate 15 is located at this second end.
  • the first compartment 4 has a lower part 4a situated between the bottom 5a of the first compartment and the plate 15.
  • a hydrogen storage material (not shown) is intended to be present in the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4.
  • the part 4a of the first compartment communicates with the inlet 13a of the second compartment 8.
  • the first compartment 4 has, in addition, an upper portion 4b located between the plate 15 and the upper wall 17b.
  • the used hydrogen storage material (not shown) is intended to be present in the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4.
  • the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 communicates with the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8. As illustrated, the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is superimposed on the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4.
  • the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is located above the part lower part 4a of the first compartment 4.
  • the lower parts 4a and 4b of the first compartment 4 are offset along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4.
  • the plate 15 separates the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4 of the upper part 4b first compartment 4.
  • the hydrogen storage material may be in granular form, for example in the form of a powder, beads or pellets.
  • the hydrogen storage material may for example be borazane ("Ammonia borane").
  • the hydrogen storage material may be in the form of hydrogen encapsulating beads, the wall of these beads being adapted to become permeable to hydrogen under the effect of heat.
  • the wall of the beads may for example be silica.
  • the conveying screw 11 may be hollow or solid core.
  • the conveying screw 11 may or may not be variable pitch.
  • the conveying screw 11 may be formed of a metallic material, for example a steel, capable of being heated by induction. As illustrated, the conveying screw 11 extends in the illustrated example along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the conveying screw 11 is configured to transport the hydrogen storage material along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the conveying screw 11 comprises a shaft 12 intended to be rotated about the longitudinal axis X by a movement system (not shown) which comprises one or more motors.
  • the conveying screw 11 defines a helical spiral 11a enabling, during the rotation of the shaft 12, to transport the hydrogen storage material in the second compartment 8 along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the shaft 12 of the conveying screw 11 passes through the bottom wall 17a at an orifice 19 and is connected to a motor of the movement system located outside the body 2.
  • a sealing system such as a mechanical seal may be present at the orifice 19 in order to ensure the tightness with the hydrogen generated.
  • the shaft 12 is configured to rotate the first wall 6. More precisely, the shaft 12 is configured to rotate the first wall 6 by means of a gear system comprising for example an internal gear wheel 20a cooperating with one or more external toothed wheels 20b.
  • the internal gear 20a is located on the shaft 12 side and the outer gear or wheels 20b cooperate with the first wall 6.
  • the gear system constitutes an epicyclic gear train comprising an internal gear wheel 20a and a plurality of gear wheels external 20b, the wall 6 itself being toothed.
  • the gear system comprises a plurality of internal gear wheels, each of these internal gear wheels being connected to an external gear wheel. Therefore, when the moving system imposes on the shaft 12 a rotational movement, this rotational movement is transmitted through the gear system to the first wall 6.
  • the same motor of the setting system movement thus makes it possible to actuate both the conveying system and the rotation of the first wall 6.
  • the rotation of the first wall 6 makes it possible, in turn, to actuate the movement of the plate 15 in the first compartment 4.
  • the plate 15 has a first edge 15a connected to the first wall 6 by a slide connection 16.
  • the first wall 6 has a plurality of grooves extending along the axis X along which the plate 15 can slide.
  • the plate 15 has a second edge 15b connected to the second wall 9 by a helical connection.
  • the movement system is configured to rotate the shaft 12 which is configured to rotate the first wall 6.
  • the second wall 9 and the side wall 17c of the body 2 remain fixed.
  • the rotation of the first wall 6 about the longitudinal axis X causes the plate 15 to make a movement of translation along the longitudinal axis X combined with a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis X.
  • the motion system comprises a first motor configured to actuate the conveying system and a second motor, distinct from the first, configured to actuate the rotation of the first wall and the movement of the recovery tray in the first compartment.
  • the motion system may be configured to rotate the second wall around the X axis and the first wall can remain fixed.
  • the device 1 further comprises a heating system configured to heat the second compartment 8.
  • a heating system configured to heat the second compartment 8.
  • the device 1 comprises an inductor 18 making it possible to induce heating of the conveying screw 11 and consequently of the second compartment 8.
  • the inductor 18 extends along the axis longitudinal X.
  • the inductor 18 surrounds the conveying screw 11.
  • the inductor 18 is housed in the thickness of the wall 9 which is permeable to the electromagnetic field.
  • the invention is however not limited to a heating system for heating the second compartment by induction. Indeed, it is alternatively possible to use a resistive heating to heat the second compartment. In the latter case, one or more heating resistive son may be present in the second compartment or near the latter.
  • the hydrogen storage material is present in the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4, the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is devoid of used hydrogen storage material and, as illustrated in FIG. 15 is positioned at the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8 (high position).
  • the movement system is then actuated to impose a rotation to the conveying screw 11 about the longitudinal axis X. Due to the rotation of the conveying screw 11, the hydrogen storage material present at the The inlet 13a of the second compartment 8 is transported to the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8. During its transport through the second compartment 8, the hydrogen storage material is heated by the heating system in order to release gaseous hydrogen.
  • the rotation of the shaft 12 of the conveying screw 11 requires, simultaneously with the transport of the hydrogen storage material, the rotation of the first wall 6 around the axis. longitudinal X and therefore the movement of the recovery tray 15 downwards.
  • the volume of the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4 decreases and the volume of the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 increases.
  • the sum of the volume of the lower part 4a and the volume of the upper part 4b is constant during the process of generating gaseous dihydrogen.
  • the spent hydrogen storage material is recovered by the plate 15 at the outlet of the second compartment 8.
  • the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 fills up.
  • the used hydrogen storage material and the lower part 4a of the first compartment is empty of hydrogen storage material.
  • the hydrogen generated is evacuated through one or more discharge orifices (see orifice 29 in FIG. 3) present on the upper wall 17b.
  • the device is opened by removing the upper wall 17b and the used hydrogen storage material is removed from the first compartment.
  • the tray 15 is then removed and a load of hydrogen storage material is introduced into the first compartment for next use.
  • the tray 15 is then repositioned in the first compartment and the device is closed by placing the upper wall 17b, the device thus being ready for a new use.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • a fuel cell 30 comprises a cathode 32, an electrolyte 34 and an anode 36.
  • the anode 36 communicates with the discharge orifice 29 present on the upper wall 17b of the device 1 via the channel 28.
  • the generated hydrogen is conveyed through the channel 28 from the discharge orifice 29 towards the anode 36.
  • a device for filtering the hydrogen and optionally an expander as well as a valve, for example an electrolyte. valve.
  • the system according to the invention can advantageously be present in an aircraft, for example in order to feed different secondary systems of the aircraft (systems not ensuring the displacement of the aircraft) such as the ventilation system of the cabin, the kitchens in the aircraft or de-icing system of the aircraft.
  • the system according to the invention may be present in an aircraft and may provide useful energy for the movement of the aircraft.
  • the energy produced by said system may for example be used to carry out a driving phase and / or a flight phase.
  • the system according to the invention can, in particular, be integrated with an electric propulsion aircraft.
  • the system according to the invention can still be part of the auxiliary power unit of an aircraft.
  • the implementation of the system according to the invention is advantageous insofar as it makes it possible to avoid the consumption of fossil fuel.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant embodiment in which the same motor M of the moving system is configured to actuate the conveying system and the movement of the recovery support via a magnetic coupling.
  • the bottom wall 17'a is present between a first rotary magnetic element 25a and a second rotary magnetic element 25b.
  • the first magnetic element 25a is present outside the body 2 and the second magnetic element 25b is present inside the body 2 and is connected to the shaft of the conveying screw 11. There is no mechanical contact between the first magnetic element 25a and the second magnetic element 25b.
  • the motor M of the movement system imposes a rotation on the first element magnetic 25a.
  • the second magnetic element 25b is rotated about the X axis (magnetic coupling), which has the effect of rotating the conveying screw 11 and thus actuating the conveying system .
  • the rotation of the shaft of the conveying screw 11 also causes a gear system to rotate, comprising for example, as illustrated, an inner gear 20'a cooperating with one or more external gear wheels 20'b, the latter cooperating with the first wall 6, the wall 6 itself being toothed. Therefore, when the motion system imposes a rotational movement on the second magnetic member 25b, this rotational movement is transmitted through the gear system to the first wall 6, thereby actuating the movement. of the plate 15 in the first compartment 4.
  • the first edge 15a of the plate 15 is connected to the first wall 6 by a slide connection 16 and the second edge 15b of the plate 15 is connected to the second wall 9 by a helical link 16a.
  • the second wall 9 remains fixed during the rotation of the first wall 6.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for generating gaseous dihydrogen, comprising a body (2) defining an inner space containing: a first storage compartment (4) defined by a first wall (6) and containing a hydrogen storage material; a second conveying compartment (8) surrounded by the first compartment (4) and separated from same by a second wall (9), a conveying system (11) being provided in the second compartment (8) such as to transport the hydrogen storage material from an inlet (13a), located in the second compartment (8) and in communication with the first compartment (4), to an outlet (13b) located in the second compartment (8); and a recovery medium (15) in communication with the outlet (13b) of the second compartment (8) and connected to the first (6) and second (9) walls, said medium (15) being designed to be moved in the first compartment (4). The device also comprises a movement system for actuating the conveying system (11) as well as the movement of the recovery medium (15) in the first compartment (4), and a heating system designed to heat the second compartment (8).

Description

Dispositif de génération de dihydrogène gazeux  Device for generating gaseous dihydrogen
Arrière-plan de l'invention Background of the invention
L'invention concerne un dispositif pour la génération de dihydrogène gazeux destiné notamment à alimenter une pile à combustible montée dans un aéronef.  The invention relates to a device for the generation of hydrogen gas intended in particular for supplying a fuel cell mounted in an aircraft.
Divers dispositifs de génération de dihydrogène permettant d'alimenter une pile à combustible sont connus de l'état de la technique. Il serait toutefois souhaitable de perfectionner ces dispositifs en les rendant plus compacts. Various dihydrogen generation devices for supplying a fuel cell are known from the state of the art. However, it would be desirable to improve these devices by making them more compact.
Il existe donc un besoin pour fournir de nouveaux dispositifs de génération de dihydrogène plus compacts que les dispositifs existants. There is therefore a need to provide new, more compact hydrogen generating devices than existing devices.
Il existe encore un besoin pour fournir des systèmes à pile à combustible compacts, destinés notamment à être intégrés dans un aéronef.  There is still a need to provide compact fuel cell systems, especially for integration into an aircraft.
Obiet et résumé de l'invention Obiet and summary of the invention
A cet effet, l'invention propose, selon un premier aspect, un dispositif de génération de dihydrogène gazeux comprenant :  For this purpose, the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a device for generating gaseous dihydrogen, comprising:
un corps délimitant un volume intérieur dans lequel sont présents :  a body delimiting an interior volume in which are present:
■ un premier compartiment de stockage délimité par une première paroi, un matériau de stockage d'hydrogène étant destiné à être présent dans le premier compartiment, ■ a first storage compartment delimited by a first wall, a hydrogen storage material being intended to be present in the first compartment,
■ un deuxième compartiment de convoyage, le premier compartiment entourant le deuxième compartiment et étant séparé de ce dernier par une deuxième paroi, un système de convoyage étant présent dans le deuxième compartiment et étant configuré pour transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène d'une entrée du deuxième compartiment communiquant avec le premier compartiment vers une sortie du deuxième compartiment, et ■ un support de récupération en communication avec la sortie du deuxième compartiment et relié aux première et deuxième parois, ledit support étant configuré pour être mis en mouvement dans le premier compartiment, - un système de mise en mouvement permettant d'actionner le système de convoyage ainsi que le mouvement du support de récupération dans le premier compartiment, et ■ a second conveying compartment, the first compartment surrounds the second compartment and being separated therefrom by a second wall, a conveyor system is present in the second compartment and being configured to transport the hydrogen storage material of a entry of the second compartment communicating with the first compartment to an exit of the second compartment, and ■ a communication recovery media with the outlet of the second compartment and connected to the first and second walls, said support being configured to be moved in the first compartment, - a movement formatting system for operating the conveyor system as well as the movement of the recovery medium in the first compartment, and
un système de chauffage configuré pour chauffer le deuxième compartiment  a heating system configured to heat the second compartment
L'invention permet avantageusement de fournir un dispositif de génération de dihydrogène gazeux particulièrement compact et léger du fait d'un agencement particulier dans lequel les premier et deuxième compartiments sont placés dans la même enceinte, le premier compartiment entoure le deuxième compartiment et dans lequel le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé (i.e. ayant été transformé sous l'effet de la chaleur afin de libérer le dihydrogène gazeux) est récupéré dans cette même enceinte. La solution proposée dans la présente invention permet ainsi de réduire très significativement l'encombrement du dispositif par rapport à une solution où le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène, le système de convoyage et le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé seraient chacun présents dans une enceinte séparée.  The invention advantageously makes it possible to provide a device for generating gaseous hydrogen that is particularly compact and light because of a particular arrangement in which the first and second compartments are placed in the same enclosure, the first compartment surrounding the second compartment and in which the used hydrogen storage material (ie having been transformed under the effect of heat in order to release the gaseous hydrogen) is recovered in this same enclosure. The solution proposed in the present invention thus makes it possible to very significantly reduce the size of the device with respect to a solution in which the hydrogen storage material, the conveying system and the used hydrogen storage material would each be present in a device. separate enclosure.
Le support de récupération est destiné à récupérer le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé. Le support de récupération peut, par exemple, être sous la forme d'un plateau de récupération. En variante, le support de récupération peut présenter un fond ayant une forme non plane, comme une forme concave ou convexe.  The recovery medium is for recovering used hydrogen storage material. The recovery medium may, for example, be in the form of a recovery tray. Alternatively, the recovery medium may have a bottom having a non-planar shape, such as a concave or convex shape.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le système de chauffage peut être configuré pour réaliser un chauffage par induction du deuxième compartiment, et en particulier du système de convoyage présent dans le deuxième compartiment. En variante, le système de chauffage peut être configuré pour réaliser un chauffage résistif du deuxième compartiment.  In an exemplary embodiment, the heating system may be configured to perform induction heating of the second compartment, and in particular of the conveyor system present in the second compartment. Alternatively, the heating system may be configured to provide resistive heating of the second compartment.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le système de convoyage et le mouvement du support de récupération peuvent être configurés pour être actionnés par un même moteur du système de mise en mouvement.  In an exemplary embodiment, the conveying system and the movement of the recovery support can be configured to be actuated by the same motor of the moving system.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le système de mise en mouvement peut comporter au moins un moteur configuré pour actionner au moins le système de convoyage par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement magnétique. In an exemplary embodiment, the movement system may comprise at least one motor configured to operate at least the conveying system via a magnetic coupling.
Un tel mode de réalisation permet avantageusement de conférer au corps une excellente étanchéité au dihydrogène.  Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to impart to the body an excellent seal with dihydrogen.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le système de convoyage peut être sous la forme d'une vis de convoyage.  In an exemplary embodiment, the conveying system may be in the form of a conveying screw.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, un premier bord du support de récupération peut être relié à l'une des première et deuxième parois par une liaison glissière et un deuxième bord dudit support peut être relié à l'autre des première et deuxième parois par une liaison hélicoïdale et les première et deuxième parois peuvent être configurées pour être mises en mouvement de rotation relatif l'une par rapport à l'autre par le système de mise en mouvement afin de mettre en mouvement le support de récupération le long de l'axe longitudinal du premier compartiment.  In an exemplary embodiment, a first edge of the recovery support can be connected to one of the first and second walls by a slide connection and a second edge of said support can be connected to the other of the first and second walls by a connection. helical and the first and second walls may be configured to be rotated relative to one another by the moving system to move the recovery medium along the longitudinal axis. of the first compartment.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, un premier bord du support de récupération peut être relié à la première paroi par une liaison glissière et un deuxième bord dudit support peut être relié à la deuxième paroi par une liaison hélicoïdale et les première et deuxième parois peuvent être configurées pour être mises en mouvement de rotation relatif l'une par rapport à l'autre par le système de mise en mouvement afin de mettre en mouvement le support de récupération le long de l'axe longitudinal du premier compartiment. Dans ce cas, le système de mise en mouvement peut être configuré pour mettre en rotation la première paroi et la deuxième paroi peut être configurée pour rester fixe.  In an exemplary embodiment, a first edge of the recovery support can be connected to the first wall by a slide connection and a second edge of said support can be connected to the second wall by a helical connection and the first and second walls can be configured to be rotated relative to each other by the moving system to move the recovery medium along the longitudinal axis of the first compartment. In this case, the motion system may be configured to rotate the first wall and the second wall may be configured to remain stationary.
La présente invention vise également un système à pile à combustible comprenant :  The present invention also provides a fuel cell system comprising:
- un dispositif tel que décrit plus haut, et  a device as described above, and
- une pile à combustible dont l'anode est reliée audit dispositif, cette anode étant destinée à être alimentée par du dihydrogène gazeux généré par ledit dispositif.  a fuel cell whose anode is connected to said device, this anode being intended to be fed with gaseous hydrogen generated by said device.
La présente invention vise également un aéronef équipé d'un système tel que décrit plus haut.  The present invention also relates to an aircraft equipped with a system as described above.
La présente invention vise également un procédé de génération de dihydrogène gazeux mettant en œuvre un dispositif tel que décrit plus haut dans lequel un matériau de stockage d'hydrogène est présent dans le premier compartiment, le procédé comportant l'actionnement du système de convoyage par le système de mise en mouvement afin de transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène de l'entrée du deuxième compartiment vers la sortie du deuxième compartiment, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène étant durant son transport dans le deuxième compartiment chauffé par le système de chauffage afin de générer le dihydrogène gazeux, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé étant récupéré par le support de récupération en sortie du deuxième compartiment. The present invention also relates to a method for generating gaseous hydrogen using a device as described above in which a hydrogen storage material is present in the first compartment, the method comprising actuating the system for conveying the hydrogen storage material from the inlet of the second compartment to the outlet of the second compartment, the hydrogen storage material being during its transportation in the second compartment heated by the heating system for generating the gaseous hydrogen, the used hydrogen storage material being recovered by the recovery medium at the outlet of the second compartment.
Dans un exemple de réalisation, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène peut être sous forme granulaire.  In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrogen storage material may be in granular form.
La présente invention vise également un procédé d'alimentation en dihydrogène d'une pile à combustible comprenant la génération de dihydrogène gazeux par mise en œuvre d'un procédé tel que décrit plus haut et l'acheminement du dihydrogène gazeux ainsi généré jusqu'à l'anode d'une pile à combustible.  The present invention also relates to a method of supplying dihydrogen to a fuel cell comprising the generation of gaseous dihydrogen by implementing a process as described above and conveying the hydrogen gas thus generated to anode of a fuel cell.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un exemple de dispositif selon l'invention,  FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of an exemplary device according to the invention,
- la figure 2 représente un détail du dispositif de la figure 1, - la figure 3 représente un exemple de système selon l'invention, et  FIG. 2 represents a detail of the device of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 represents an example of a system according to the invention, and
- la figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'une variante selon l'invention. Description détaillée de modes de réalisation  FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a variant according to the invention. Detailed description of embodiments
On a représenté à la figure 1 un exemple de dispositif 1 de génération de dihydrogène gazeux selon l'invention. Le dispositif 1 comporte un corps 2 délimitant un volume intérieur dans lequel est présent un premier compartiment de stockage 4 délimité latéralement par une première paroi 6. Le corps 2 s'étend le long d'un axe longitudinal X et est délimité longitudinalement par une paroi de fond 17a et par une paroi supérieure 17b. Le corps 2 comporte en outre une paroi latérale 17c entourant la première paroi 6 et le premier compartiment 4. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'axe X constitue aussi l'axe longitudinal du premier compartiment 4. Le premier compartiment 4 est délimité longitudinalement par un fond 5a du premier compartiment et par la paroi supérieure 17b. Un support de récupération, par exemple sous la forme d'un plateau de récupération 15 comme illustré, est présent dans le premier compartiment 4 et est configuré pour se déplacer le long de l'axe longitudinal X du premier compartiment 4 comme il sera détaillé plus bas. Bien entendu, on ne sort pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque le fond du support de récupération présente une forme non plane comme une forme concave ou convexe. FIG. 1 shows an example of a device 1 for generating gaseous hydrogen according to the invention. The device 1 comprises a body 2 delimiting an interior volume in which is present a first storage compartment 4 delimited laterally by a first wall 6. The body 2 extends along a longitudinal axis X and is delimited longitudinally by a wall bottom 17a and by a wall superior 17b. The body 2 further comprises a side wall 17c surrounding the first wall 6 and the first compartment 4. In the example illustrated, the axis X also constitutes the longitudinal axis of the first compartment 4. The first compartment 4 is delimited longitudinally by a bottom 5a of the first compartment and the upper wall 17b. A recovery medium, for example in the form of a recovery tray 15 as illustrated, is present in the first compartment 4 and is configured to move along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4 as will be detailed more low. Of course, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when the bottom of the recovery medium has a non-planar shape such as a concave or convex shape.
Un deuxième compartiment 8 de convoyage est présent dans le volume intérieur délimité par le corps 2. Le premier compartiment 4 entoure le deuxième compartiment 8. Le deuxième compartiment 8 s'étend selon l'axe longitudinal X du premier compartiment 4. Une paroi 9 entoure latéralement le deuxième compartiment 8. La paroi 9 présente un filetage hélicoïdal sur sa face située du côté du premier compartiment 4. La paroi 9 présente une première extrémité située du côté du fond 5a du premier compartiment 4. Une entrée 13a du deuxième compartiment 8 communiquant avec le premier compartiment 4 est située au niveau de cette première extrémité. De la même manière, la paroi 9 présente une deuxième extrémité située du côté de la paroi supérieure 17b. Une sortie 13b du deuxième compartiment 8 communiquant avec le premier compartiment 4 et avec le plateau 15 est située au niveau de cette deuxième extrémité.  A second conveying compartment 8 is present in the interior volume delimited by the body 2. The first compartment 4 surrounds the second compartment 8. The second compartment 8 extends along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4. A wall 9 surrounds laterally the second compartment 8. The wall 9 has a helical thread on its side located on the side of the first compartment 4. The wall 9 has a first end located on the bottom side 5a of the first compartment 4. An inlet 13a of the second compartment 8 communicating with the first compartment 4 is located at this first end. In the same way, the wall 9 has a second end located on the side of the upper wall 17b. An outlet 13b of the second compartment 8 communicating with the first compartment 4 and with the plate 15 is located at this second end.
Le premier compartiment 4 présente une partie inférieure 4a située entre le fond 5a du premier compartiment et le plateau 15. Un matériau de stockage d'hydrogène (non représenté) est destiné à être présent dans la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4. La partie inférieure 4a du premier compartimenta communique avec l'entrée 13a du deuxième compartiment 8. Le premier compartiment 4 présente, en outre, une partie supérieure 4b située entre le plateau 15 et la paroi supérieure 17b. le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé (non^ représenté) est destiné à être présent dans la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4. La partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 communique avec la sortie 13b du deuxième compartiment 8. Comme illustré, la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 est superposée à la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4. La partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 est située au-dessus de la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4. Les parties inférieure 4a et supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 sont décalées le long de l'axe longitudinal X du premier compartiment 4. Le plateau 15 sépare la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4 de la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4. The first compartment 4 has a lower part 4a situated between the bottom 5a of the first compartment and the plate 15. A hydrogen storage material (not shown) is intended to be present in the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4. The part 4a of the first compartment communicates with the inlet 13a of the second compartment 8. The first compartment 4 has, in addition, an upper portion 4b located between the plate 15 and the upper wall 17b. the used hydrogen storage material (not shown) is intended to be present in the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4. The upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 communicates with the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8. As illustrated, the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is superimposed on the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4. The upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is located above the part lower part 4a of the first compartment 4. The lower parts 4a and 4b of the first compartment 4 are offset along the longitudinal axis X of the first compartment 4. The plate 15 separates the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4 of the upper part 4b first compartment 4.
Le matériau de stockage de l'hydrogène peut être sous forme granulaire, par exemple sous la forme d'une poudre, de billes ou de pastilles. Le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène peut par exemple être du borazane (« Ammonia borane »). En variante, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène peut se présenter sous la forme de billes encapsulant l'hydrogène, la paroi de ces billes étant apte à devenir perméable à l'hydrogène sous l'effet de la chaleur. Dans ce cas, la paroi des billes peut par exemple être en silice.  The hydrogen storage material may be in granular form, for example in the form of a powder, beads or pellets. The hydrogen storage material may for example be borazane ("Ammonia borane"). Alternatively, the hydrogen storage material may be in the form of hydrogen encapsulating beads, the wall of these beads being adapted to become permeable to hydrogen under the effect of heat. In this case, the wall of the beads may for example be silica.
Un système de convoyage 11, dans l'exemple illustré sous la forme d'une vis de convoyage, est présent dans le deuxième compartiment 8 et est configuré pour transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène de l'entrée 13a du deuxième compartiment 8 vers la sortie 13b du deuxième compartiment 8. La vis de convoyage 11 peut être à âme creuse ou pleine. La vis de convoyage 11 peut ou non être à pas variable. La vis de convoyage 11 peut être formée d'un matériau métallique, par exemple d'un acier, apte à être chauffé par induction. Comme illustré, la vis de convoyage 11 s'étend dans l'exemple illustré le long de l'axe longitudinal X. La vis de convoyage 11 est configurée pour transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène le long de l'axe longitudinal X. La vis de convoyage 11 comporte un arbre 12 destiné à être mis en rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal X par un système de mise en mouvement (non représenté) lequel comprend un ou plusieurs moteurs. La vis de convoyage 11 définit une spirale hélicoïdale lia permettant lors de la rotation de l'arbre 12 de transporter le matériau de stockage de l'hydrogène dans le deuxième compartiment 8 le long de l'axe longitudinal X. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'arbre 12 de la vis de convoyage 11 traverse la paroi de fond 17a au niveau d'un orifice 19 et est relié à un moteur du système de mise en mouvement situé à l'extérieur du corps 2. Un système d'étanchéité comme une garniture mécanique peut être présent au niveau de l'orifice 19 afin d'assurer l'étanchéité au dihydrogène généré. A conveyor system 11, in the example illustrated in the form of a conveying screw, is present in the second compartment 8 and is configured to transport the hydrogen storage material from the inlet 13a of the second compartment 8 to the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8. The conveying screw 11 may be hollow or solid core. The conveying screw 11 may or may not be variable pitch. The conveying screw 11 may be formed of a metallic material, for example a steel, capable of being heated by induction. As illustrated, the conveying screw 11 extends in the illustrated example along the longitudinal axis X. The conveying screw 11 is configured to transport the hydrogen storage material along the longitudinal axis X. The conveying screw 11 comprises a shaft 12 intended to be rotated about the longitudinal axis X by a movement system (not shown) which comprises one or more motors. The conveying screw 11 defines a helical spiral 11a enabling, during the rotation of the shaft 12, to transport the hydrogen storage material in the second compartment 8 along the longitudinal axis X. In the illustrated example, the shaft 12 of the conveying screw 11 passes through the bottom wall 17a at an orifice 19 and is connected to a motor of the movement system located outside the body 2. A sealing system such as a mechanical seal may be present at the orifice 19 in order to ensure the tightness with the hydrogen generated.
Dans l'exemple illustré, la vis de convoyage 11 et le mouvement du plateau de récupération 15 sont actionnés par un même moteur du système de mise en mouvement. La description qui suit détaille cet aspect. L'arbre 12 est configuré pour entraîner en rotation la première paroi 6. Plus précisément, l'arbre 12 est configuré pour entraîner en rotation la première paroi 6 par l'intermédiaire d'un système d'engrenages comprenant par exemple une roue dentée interne 20a coopérant avec une ou plusieurs roues dentées externes 20b. La roue dentée interne 20a est située du côté de l'arbre 12 et la ou les roues dentées externes 20b coopèrent avec la première paroi 6. Avantageusement, le système d'engrenage constitue un train épicycloïdal comprenant une roue dentée interne 20a et plusieurs roues dentées externes 20b, la paroi 6 étant elle- même dentée. On ne sort pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque le système d'engrenages comporte plusieurs roues dentées internes chacune de ces roues dentées internes étant reliée à une roue dentée externe. Par conséquent, lorsque le système de mise en mouvement impose à l'arbre 12 un mouvement de rotation, ce mouvement de rotation est transmis par l'intermédiaire du système d'engrenages à la première paroi 6. Un même moteur du système de mise en mouvement permet donc d'actionner à la fois le système de convoyage et la rotation de la première paroi 6. La rotation de la première paroi 6 permet, quant à elle, d'actionner le mouvement du plateau 15 dans le premier compartiment 4. En effet, le plateau 15 présente un premier bord 15a relié à la première paroi 6 par une liaison glissière 16. Ainsi, la première paroi 6 présente plusieurs rainures s'étendant le long de l'axe X le long desquelles le plateau 15 peut coulisser. Le plateau 15 présente un deuxième bord 15b relié à la deuxième paroi 9 par une liaison hélicoïdale. Le système de mise en mouvement est configuré pour mettre en rotation l'arbre 12 lequel est configuré pour entraîner en rotation la première paroi 6. Durant la mise en rotation de la première paroi 6, la deuxième paroi 9 et la paroi latérale 17c du corps 2 restent fixes. La rotation de la première paroi 6 autour de l'axe longitudinal X conduit le plateau 15 à effectuer un mouvement de translation selon l'axe longitudinal X combiné à un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe longitudinal X. On ne sort pas du cadre de l'invention lorsque le système de mise en mouvement comporte un premier moteur configuré pour actionner le système de convoyage et un deuxième moteur, distinct du premier, configuré pour actionner la rotation de la première paroi et le mouvement du plateau de récupération dans le premier compartiment. On ne sort pas du cadre de l'invention lorsqu'un bord du plateau de récupération est lié à la deuxième paroi par une liaison glissière et lorsqu'un autre bord du plateau est lié à la première paroi par une liaison hélicoïdale et lorsque le système de mise en mouvement est configuré pour mettre les première et deuxième parois en mouvement de rotation relatif afin de mettre en mouvement le plateau selon l'axe longitudinal X. Dans ce cas, le système de mise en mouvement peut être configuré pour mettre en rotation la deuxième paroi autour de l'axe X et la première paroi peut rester fixe. In the illustrated example, the conveying screw 11 and the movement of the recovery tray 15 are actuated by the same motor of the moving system. The following description details this aspect. The shaft 12 is configured to rotate the first wall 6. More precisely, the shaft 12 is configured to rotate the first wall 6 by means of a gear system comprising for example an internal gear wheel 20a cooperating with one or more external toothed wheels 20b. The internal gear 20a is located on the shaft 12 side and the outer gear or wheels 20b cooperate with the first wall 6. Advantageously, the gear system constitutes an epicyclic gear train comprising an internal gear wheel 20a and a plurality of gear wheels external 20b, the wall 6 itself being toothed. It is not beyond the scope of the invention when the gear system comprises a plurality of internal gear wheels, each of these internal gear wheels being connected to an external gear wheel. Therefore, when the moving system imposes on the shaft 12 a rotational movement, this rotational movement is transmitted through the gear system to the first wall 6. The same motor of the setting system movement thus makes it possible to actuate both the conveying system and the rotation of the first wall 6. The rotation of the first wall 6 makes it possible, in turn, to actuate the movement of the plate 15 in the first compartment 4. In Indeed, the plate 15 has a first edge 15a connected to the first wall 6 by a slide connection 16. Thus, the first wall 6 has a plurality of grooves extending along the axis X along which the plate 15 can slide. The plate 15 has a second edge 15b connected to the second wall 9 by a helical connection. The movement system is configured to rotate the shaft 12 which is configured to rotate the first wall 6. During the rotation of the first wall 6, the second wall 9 and the side wall 17c of the body 2 remain fixed. The rotation of the first wall 6 about the longitudinal axis X causes the plate 15 to make a movement of translation along the longitudinal axis X combined with a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis X. It is not beyond the scope of the invention when the motion system comprises a first motor configured to actuate the conveying system and a second motor, distinct from the first, configured to actuate the rotation of the first wall and the movement of the recovery tray in the first compartment. It is not beyond the scope of the invention when an edge of the recovery plate is connected to the second wall by a slide connection and when another edge of the plate is connected to the first wall by a helical link and when the system movement is configured to move the first and second walls in relative rotational motion to move the plate along the longitudinal axis X. In this case, the motion system may be configured to rotate the second wall around the X axis and the first wall can remain fixed.
Le dispositif 1 comporte en outre un système de chauffage configuré pour chauffer le deuxième compartiment 8. On a représenté à la figure 2 un exemple de système de chauffage utilisable. Dans l'exemple illustré, le dispositif 1 comporte un inducteur 18 permettant de réaliser un chauffage par induction de la vis de convoyage 11 et par conséquent du deuxième compartiment 8. Comme illustré, l'inducteur 18 s'étend le long de l'axe longitudinal X. L'inducteur 18 entoure la vis de convoyage 11. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'inducteur 18 est logé dans l'épaisseur de la paroi 9 laquelle est perméable au champ électromagnétique. L'invention n'est toutefois pas limitée à un système de chauffage permettant de chauffer le deuxième compartiment par induction. En effet, il est en variante possible d'utiliser un chauffage résistif afin de chauffer le deuxième compartiment. Dans ce dernier cas, un ou plusieurs fils résistifs chauffants peuvent être présents dans le deuxième compartiment ou à proximité de ce dernier.  The device 1 further comprises a heating system configured to heat the second compartment 8. There is shown in Figure 2 an example of a usable heating system. In the example illustrated, the device 1 comprises an inductor 18 making it possible to induce heating of the conveying screw 11 and consequently of the second compartment 8. As illustrated, the inductor 18 extends along the axis longitudinal X. The inductor 18 surrounds the conveying screw 11. In the illustrated example, the inductor 18 is housed in the thickness of the wall 9 which is permeable to the electromagnetic field. The invention is however not limited to a heating system for heating the second compartment by induction. Indeed, it is alternatively possible to use a resistive heating to heat the second compartment. In the latter case, one or more heating resistive son may be present in the second compartment or near the latter.
Le procédé de génération de dihydrogène mettant en œuvre le dispositif 1 illustré à la figure 1 va à présent être décrit. Initialement, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène est présent dans la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4, la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 est dépourvue de matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé et, comme illustré à la figure 1, le plateau 15 est positionné au niveau de la sortie 13b du deuxième compartiment 8 (position haute). Le système de mise en mouvement est alors actionné afin d'imposer une rotation à la vis de convoyage 11 autour de l'axe longitudinal X. Du fait de la rotation de la vis de convoyage 11, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène présent à l'entrée 13a du deuxième compartiment 8 est transporté vers la sortie 13b du deuxième compartiment 8. Durant son transport au travers du deuxième compartiment 8, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène est chauffé par le système de chauffage afin de libérer du dihydrogène gazeux. Par ailleurs, comme expliqué plus haut, la mise en rotation de l'arbre 12 de la vis de convoyage 11 impose, simultanément au transport du matériau de stockage d'hydrogène, la mise en rotation de la première paroi 6 autour de l'axe longitudinal X et par conséquent le déplacement du plateau 15 de récupération vers le bas. Ainsi, au fur et à mesure du transport du matériau de stockage d'hydrogène dans le deuxième compartiment 8, le volume de la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment 4 diminue et le volume de la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 augmente. La somme du volume de la partie inférieure 4a et du volume de la partie supérieure 4b est constante durant le procédé de génération de dihydrogène gazeux. Après la traversée du deuxième compartiment 8, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé est récupéré par le plateau 15 en sortie du deuxième compartiment 8. Au fur et à mesure de la génération de dihydrogène, la partie supérieure 4b du premier compartiment 4 se remplit en matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé et la partie inférieure 4a du premier compartiment se vide en matériau de stockage d'hydrogène. Le dihydrogène généré est évacué au travers d'un ou plusieurs orifices d'évacuation (voir orifice 29 à la figure 3) présents sur la paroi supérieure 17b. Une fois le procédé de génération d'hydrogène terminé, le dispositif est ouvert en retirant la paroi supérieure 17b et le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé est évacué du premier compartiment. Le plateau 15 est alors retiré et un chargement de matériau de stockage d'hydrogène est introduit dans le premier compartiment en vue de la prochaine utilisation. Le plateau 15 est ensuite repositionné dans le premier compartiment puis le dispositif est refermé par placement de la paroi supérieure 17b, le dispositif étant ainsi prêt pour une nouvelle utilisation. The method for generating dihydrogen using the device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 will now be described. Initially, the hydrogen storage material is present in the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4, the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 is devoid of used hydrogen storage material and, as illustrated in FIG. 15 is positioned at the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8 (high position). The movement system is then actuated to impose a rotation to the conveying screw 11 about the longitudinal axis X. Due to the rotation of the conveying screw 11, the hydrogen storage material present at the The inlet 13a of the second compartment 8 is transported to the outlet 13b of the second compartment 8. During its transport through the second compartment 8, the hydrogen storage material is heated by the heating system in order to release gaseous hydrogen. Furthermore, as explained above, the rotation of the shaft 12 of the conveying screw 11 requires, simultaneously with the transport of the hydrogen storage material, the rotation of the first wall 6 around the axis. longitudinal X and therefore the movement of the recovery tray 15 downwards. Thus, as and when the hydrogen storage material is transported in the second compartment 8, the volume of the lower part 4a of the first compartment 4 decreases and the volume of the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 increases. The sum of the volume of the lower part 4a and the volume of the upper part 4b is constant during the process of generating gaseous dihydrogen. After passing through the second compartment 8, the spent hydrogen storage material is recovered by the plate 15 at the outlet of the second compartment 8. As the hydrogen is generated, the upper part 4b of the first compartment 4 fills up. used hydrogen storage material and the lower part 4a of the first compartment is empty of hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen generated is evacuated through one or more discharge orifices (see orifice 29 in FIG. 3) present on the upper wall 17b. Once the hydrogen generation process is complete, the device is opened by removing the upper wall 17b and the used hydrogen storage material is removed from the first compartment. The tray 15 is then removed and a load of hydrogen storage material is introduced into the first compartment for next use. The tray 15 is then repositioned in the first compartment and the device is closed by placing the upper wall 17b, the device thus being ready for a new use.
On a représenté à la figure 3 un exemple de système à pile à combustible selon l'invention. Un tel système comporte un dispositif 1 selon l'invention, par exemple tel qu'illustré à la figure 1, ainsi qu'une pile à combustible 30. La pile à combustible 30 comporte une cathode 32, un électrolyte 34 ainsi qu'une anode 36. Comme illustré à la figure 3, l'anode 36 communique avec l'orifice d'évacuation 29 présent sur la paroi supérieure 17b du dispositif 1 par l'intermédiaire du canal 28. Le dihydrogène généré est acheminé au travers du canal 28 depuis l'orifice d'évacuation 29 vers l'anode 36. Dans un exemple de réalisation, on peut ajouter entre l'orifice d'évacuation 29 et l'anode 36, un dispositif de filtration du dihydrogène et éventuellement un détendeur ainsi qu'une vanne, par exemple une électro-vanne. FIG. 3 shows an example of a fuel cell system according to the invention. Such a system comprises a device 1 according to the invention, for example as illustrated in Figure 1, and a fuel cell 30. The fuel cell 30 comprises a cathode 32, an electrolyte 34 and an anode 36. As shown in FIG. 3, the anode 36 communicates with the discharge orifice 29 present on the upper wall 17b of the device 1 via the channel 28. The generated hydrogen is conveyed through the channel 28 from the discharge orifice 29 towards the anode 36. In an exemplary embodiment, it is possible to add between the discharge orifice 29 and the anode 36, a device for filtering the hydrogen and optionally an expander as well as a valve, for example an electrolyte. valve.
Le système selon l'invention peut avantageusement être présent dans un aéronef, par exemple afin d'alimenter différents systèmes secondaires de l'aéronef (systèmes n'assurant pas le déplacement de l'aéronef) comme le système de ventilation de la cabine, les cuisines présentes dans l'aéronef ou le système de dégivrage de l'aéronef. En variante, le système selon l'invention peut être présent dans un aéronef et peut fournir de l'énergie utile pour le déplacement de l'aéronef. L'énergie produite par ledit système peut par exemple être utilisée pour réaliser une phase de roulage et/ou une phase de vol. Le système selon l'invention peut, en particulier, être intégré à un aéronef à propulsion électrique. Le système selon l'invention peut encore faire partie du groupe auxiliaire de puissance d'un aéronef. La mise en œuvre du système selon l'invention est avantageuse dans la mesure où elle permet d'éviter la consommation de carburant fossile.  The system according to the invention can advantageously be present in an aircraft, for example in order to feed different secondary systems of the aircraft (systems not ensuring the displacement of the aircraft) such as the ventilation system of the cabin, the kitchens in the aircraft or de-icing system of the aircraft. Alternatively, the system according to the invention may be present in an aircraft and may provide useful energy for the movement of the aircraft. The energy produced by said system may for example be used to carry out a driving phase and / or a flight phase. The system according to the invention can, in particular, be integrated with an electric propulsion aircraft. The system according to the invention can still be part of the auxiliary power unit of an aircraft. The implementation of the system according to the invention is advantageous insofar as it makes it possible to avoid the consumption of fossil fuel.
On a représenté à la figure 4 une variante de réalisation dans laquelle un même moteur M du système de mise en mouvement est configuré pour actionner le système de convoyage et le mouvement du support de récupération par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement magnétique. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 4 la paroi de fond 17'a est présente entre un premier élément magnétique rotatif 25a et un deuxième élément magnétique rotatif 25b. Le premier élément magnétique 25a est présent à l'extérieur du corps 2 et le deuxième élément magnétique 25b est présent à l'intérieur du corps 2 et est connecté à l'arbre de la vis de convoyage 11. Il n'y a pas de contact mécanique entre le premier élément magnétique 25a et le deuxième élément magnétique 25b. Le moteur M du système de mise en mouvement impose une rotation au premier élément magnétique 25a. Du fait de cette rotation, le deuxième élément magnétique 25b est entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe X (accouplement magnétique), ce qui a pour effet de mettre en rotation de la vis de convoyage 11 et donc d'actionner le système de convoyage. La rotation de l'arbre de la vis de convoyage 11 entraîne par ailleurs en rotation un système d'engrenages comprenant par exemple, comme illustré, une roue dentée interne 20'a coopérant avec une ou plusieurs roues dentées externes 20'b , ces dernières coopérant avec la première paroi 6, la paroi 6 étant elle-même dentée. Par conséquent, lorsque le système de mise en mouvement impose un mouvement de rotation au deuxième élément magnétique 25b, ce mouvement de rotation est transmis par l'intermédiaire du système d'engrenages à la première paroi 6, ce qui permet d'actionner le mouvement du plateau 15 dans le premier compartiment 4. Dans l'exemple illustré, le premier bord 15a du plateau 15 est relié à la première paroi 6 par une liaison glissière 16 et le deuxième bord 15b du plateau 15 est relié à la deuxième paroi 9 par une liaison hélicoïdale 16a. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, la deuxième paroi 9 demeure fixe lors de la rotation de la première paroi 6. FIG. 4 shows a variant embodiment in which the same motor M of the moving system is configured to actuate the conveying system and the movement of the recovery support via a magnetic coupling. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the bottom wall 17'a is present between a first rotary magnetic element 25a and a second rotary magnetic element 25b. The first magnetic element 25a is present outside the body 2 and the second magnetic element 25b is present inside the body 2 and is connected to the shaft of the conveying screw 11. There is no mechanical contact between the first magnetic element 25a and the second magnetic element 25b. The motor M of the movement system imposes a rotation on the first element magnetic 25a. Due to this rotation, the second magnetic element 25b is rotated about the X axis (magnetic coupling), which has the effect of rotating the conveying screw 11 and thus actuating the conveying system . The rotation of the shaft of the conveying screw 11 also causes a gear system to rotate, comprising for example, as illustrated, an inner gear 20'a cooperating with one or more external gear wheels 20'b, the latter cooperating with the first wall 6, the wall 6 itself being toothed. Therefore, when the motion system imposes a rotational movement on the second magnetic member 25b, this rotational movement is transmitted through the gear system to the first wall 6, thereby actuating the movement. of the plate 15 in the first compartment 4. In the illustrated example, the first edge 15a of the plate 15 is connected to the first wall 6 by a slide connection 16 and the second edge 15b of the plate 15 is connected to the second wall 9 by a helical link 16a. In this embodiment, the second wall 9 remains fixed during the rotation of the first wall 6.
Cette solution mettant en oeuvre un accouplement magnétique fournit avantageusement une excellente étanchéité au dihydrogène généré du fait de la mise en œuvre d'une paroi de fond 17'a non percée et constitue une solution plus simple à réaliser que celle employant une garniture mécanique. L'expression « compris(e) entre ... et ... » ou « allant de ... à This solution using a magnetic coupling advantageously provides an excellent dihydrogen seal generated due to the implementation of a bottom wall 17'a not pierced and is a simpler solution to achieve than that employing a mechanical seal. The expression "understood between ... and ..." or "from ... to
... » doit se comprendre comme incluant les bornes. ... "must be understood as including boundaries.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif (1) de génération de dihydrogène gazeux comprenant : un corps (2) délimitant un volume intérieur dans lequel sont présents : 1. Device (1) for generating gaseous hydrogen comprising: a body (2) defining an interior volume in which are present:
■ un premier compartiment (4) de stockage délimité par une première paroi (6), un matériau de stockage d'hydrogène étant présent dans le premier compartiment (4), ■ a first compartment (4) for storing delimited by a first wall (6), a hydrogen storage material being present in the first compartment (4),
■ un deuxième compartiment (8) de convoyage, le premier compartiment (4) entourant le deuxième compartiment (8) et étant séparé de ce dernier par une deuxième paroi (9), un système de convoyage (11) étant présent dans le deuxième compartiment (8) et étant configuré pour transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène d'une entrée (13a) du deuxième compartiment (8) communiquant avec le premier compartiment (4) vers une sortie (13b) du deuxième compartiment (8), et ■ a second compartment (8) conveying the first compartment (4) surrounding the second compartment (8) and being separated therefrom by a second wall (9), a conveying system (11) being present in the second compartment (8) and being configured to transport the hydrogen storage material from an inlet (13a) of the second compartment (8) communicating with the first compartment (4) to an outlet (13b) of the second compartment (8), and
■ un support de récupération (15) en communication avec la sortie (13b) du deuxième compartiment (8) et relié aux première (6) et deuxième (9) parois, ledit support (15) étant configuré pour être mis en mouvement dans le premier compartiment (4), ■ recovery media (15) in communication with the outlet (13b) of the second compartment (8) and connected to the first (6) and second (9) walls, said support (15) being configured to be moved in the first compartment (4),
un système de mise en mouvement permettant d'actionner le système de convoyage (11) ainsi que le mouvement du support (15) de récupération dans le premier compartiment (4), et  a movement system for actuating the conveying system (11) and the movement of the recovery support (15) in the first compartment (4), and
un système de chauffage (18) configuré pour chauffer le deuxième compartiment (8).  a heating system (18) configured to heat the second compartment (8).
2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le système de chauffage (18) est configuré pour réaliser un chauffage par induction du deuxième compartiment (8). 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the heating system (18) is configured to perform induction heating of the second compartment (8).
3. Dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le système de convoyage (11) et le mouvement du support (15) de récupération sont configurés pour être actionnés par un même moteur du système de mise en mouvement. 3. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the conveying system (11) and the movement of the support (15) recovery are configured to be actuated by the same engine of the implementation system movement.
4. Dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le système de mise en mouvement comporte au moins un moteur configuré pour actionner au moins le système de convoyage (11) par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement magnétique (25a ; 25b). 4. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the motion system comprises at least one motor configured to actuate at least the conveying system (11) via a coupling magnetic (25a; 25b).
5. Dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le système de convoyage est sous la forme d'une vis (11) de convoyage. 5. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conveying system is in the form of a screw (11) conveying.
6. Dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, un premier bord (15a) du support (15) de récupération étant relié à la première paroi (6) par une liaison glissière (16) et un deuxième bord (15b) dudit support (15) étant relié à la deuxième paroi (9) par une liaison hélicoïdale et les première (6) et deuxième (9) parois étant configurées pour être mises en mouvement de rotation relatif l'une par rapport à l'autre par le système de mise en mouvement afin de mettre en mouvement le support de récupération (15) le long de l'axe longitudinal (X) du premier compartiment (4). 6. Device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, a first edge (15a) of the support (15) of recovery being connected to the first wall (6) by a slide connection (16) and a second edge (15b) of said support (15) being connected to the second wall (9) by a helical connection and the first (6) and second (9) walls being configured to be rotated relative to each other relative to the other by the moving system for moving the recovery medium (15) along the longitudinal axis (X) of the first compartment (4).
7. Système à pile à combustible comprenant : A fuel cell system comprising:
un dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, et  a device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and
une pile à combustible (30) dont l'anode (36) est reliée audit dispositif (1), cette anode (36) étant destinée à être alimentée par du dihydrogène gazeux généré par ledit dispositif (1).  a fuel cell (30) whose anode (36) is connected to said device (1), said anode (36) being intended to be fed with gaseous hydrogen generated by said device (1).
8. Aéronef équipé d'un système selon la revendication 7. 8. Aircraft equipped with a system according to claim 7.
9. Procédé de génération de dihydrogène gazeux mettant en œuvre un dispositif (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, le procédé comportant l'actionnement du système de convoyage (11) par le système de mise en mouvement afin de transporter le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène de l'entrée (13a) du deuxième compartiment (8) vers la sortie (13b) du deuxième compartiment (8), le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène étant durant son transport dans le deuxième compartiment (8) chauffé par le système de chauffage (18) afin de générer le dihydrogène gazeux, le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène usagé étant récupéré par le support de récupération (15) en sortie du deuxième compartiment (8). 9. A method for generating hydrogen gas using a device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the actuation of the conveying system (11) by the moving system to transport the hydrogen storage material from the inlet (13a) of the second compartment (8) to the outlet (13b) of the second compartment (8), the hydrogen storage material being during its transportation in the second compartment (8); compartment (8) heated by the heating system (18) to generate gaseous hydrogen, the waste hydrogen storage material being recovered by the recovery medium (15) at the outlet of the second compartment (8).
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le matériau de stockage d'hydrogène est sous forme granulaire. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrogen storage material is in granular form.
11. Procédé d'alimentation en dihydrogène d'une pile à combustible (30) comprenant la génération de dihydrogène gazeux par mise en œuvre d'un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 et 10 et l'acheminement du dihydrogène gazeux ainsi généré jusqu'à l'anode (36) d'une pile à combustible (30). 11. A method of supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell (30) comprising generating gaseous hydrogen by implementing a process according to any one of claims 9 and 10 and conveying the gaseous dihydrogen thus generated. to the anode (36) of a fuel cell (30).
EP16750895.1A 2015-06-30 2016-06-28 Device for generating gaseous dihydrogen Withdrawn EP3317225A1 (en)

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FR1556116A FR3038454B1 (en) 2015-06-30 2015-06-30 DEVICE FOR GENERATING GASEOUS DIHYDROGEN
PCT/FR2016/051586 WO2017001756A1 (en) 2015-06-30 2016-06-28 Device for generating gaseous dihydrogen

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FR3061707A1 (en) * 2017-01-06 2018-07-13 Airbus Safran Launchers Sas DEVICE FOR GENERATING GASEOUS DIHYDROGEN
CA3183359A1 (en) 2020-05-12 2021-11-18 Universal Hydrogen Co. Systems and methods for storing, transporting, and using hydrogen
US11420757B2 (en) 2020-08-21 2022-08-23 Universal Hydrogen Co. Systems and methods for multi-module control of a hydrogen powered hybrid electric powertrain
AU2021368733A1 (en) 2020-10-30 2023-06-08 Universal Hydrogen Co. Systems and methods for storing liquid hydrogen
US11827516B2 (en) * 2021-01-11 2023-11-28 The Boeing Company Solid hydride flow reactor

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FR2272272B1 (en) * 1974-05-24 1979-05-25 Peugeot & Renault
GB1509184A (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-05-04 Ass Eng Ltd Hydrogen storage apparatus
GB1568374A (en) * 1976-12-07 1980-05-29 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Hydrogen from a hydride material
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FR2999342B1 (en) * 2012-12-10 2015-05-01 Snecma ONBOARD ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM WITH FUEL CELL
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US20180222751A1 (en) 2018-08-09
US10608270B2 (en) 2020-03-31

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