EP3316047A1 - Mechanical watch with isochronous rotary resonator, which is not position-sensitive - Google Patents
Mechanical watch with isochronous rotary resonator, which is not position-sensitive Download PDFInfo
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- EP3316047A1 EP3316047A1 EP17194636.1A EP17194636A EP3316047A1 EP 3316047 A1 EP3316047 A1 EP 3316047A1 EP 17194636 A EP17194636 A EP 17194636A EP 3316047 A1 EP3316047 A1 EP 3316047A1
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- rotation
- axis
- resonator mechanism
- mass
- inertial
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/02—Escapements permanently in contact with the regulating mechanism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/30—Rotating governors, e.g. centrifugal governors, fan governors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B21/00—Indicating the time by acoustic means
- G04B21/02—Regular striking mechanisms giving the full hour, half hour or quarter hour
- G04B21/06—Details of striking mechanisms, e.g. hammer, fan governor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
- G04B5/02—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch
- G04B5/04—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch by oscillating weights the movement of which is limited
Definitions
- the invention relates to a resonator mechanism for a clockwork movement, comprising an input movable pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation and subjected to a driving torque, and comprising a central mobile, integral in rotation with said input mobile around said axis of rotation and arranged to rotate continuously, said resonator mechanism comprising a plurality of N inertial elements, each movable in at least one degree of freedom with respect to said central mobile, and biased towards said axis of rotation by biasing means elastic, which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of said inertial element, said resonator mechanism having a symmetry of rotation of order N.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a watch movement.
- the invention relates to the field of clock resonator mechanisms constituting time bases.
- the sprung balance is the time base of the watch. It is also called resonator.
- the exhaust must be robust, withstand shocks, and avoid trapping the movement (overturning).
- the Swiss lever escapement mechanism has a low fuel efficiency (about 30%). This low efficiency comes from the fact that the movements of the exhaust are jerky, that there are falls or path lost to accommodate the machining errors, and also because several components are transmitted their movement via inclined planes that rub against each other.
- an inertial element To constitute a mechanical resonator, an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element are required.
- a spiral spring acts as an elastic return element for the inertial element that constitutes a pendulum.
- This rocker is guided in rotation by pivots which turn in smooth bearings in rubies. This gives rise to friction, and therefore to energy losses and disturbances, which depend on the positions, and which one seeks to suppress.
- the losses are characterized by the quality factor Q. We seek to maximize this Q factor.
- BREGUET Watches describes a mechanism for regulating the pivoting speed, around a first pivot axis, of a moving part, in particular a ringing device, comprising a pivoting flyweight around a second pivot axis parallel to the first axis.
- the regulator comprises means for returning the weight to the first axis.
- the weight engages in a second volume of revolution around the first axis, contiguous and external to the first volume of revolution, and a peripheral portion of the counterweight cooperates in this second revolution volume with control means arranged to cause the braking of the mobile and reduce its slew rate to the set speed, and to dissipate excess energy.
- control means arranged to cause the braking of the mobile and reduce its slew rate to the set speed, and to dissipate excess energy.
- the mobile is subjected to a braking torque by eddy currents.
- Requirement EP14184155 in the name of ETA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse describes a watchmaking mechanism comprising, mounted mobile, at least pivotally relative to a plate, an escape wheel arranged to receive a motor torque via a train, and a first oscillator comprising a first rigid structure connected to the plate by first elastic return means.
- This regulator mechanism comprises a second oscillator comprising a second rigid structure connected to the first rigid structure by second elastic return means, and which comprises guide means arranged to cooperate with complementary guide means that comprises the escape wheel, synchronizing the first oscillator and the second oscillator with the wheel.
- This clock oscillator comprises coupling means for the interaction of the primary resonators, comprising motor means for driving a mobile in motion which comprises driving and guiding means arranged to drive and guide an articulated control means with means for transmission each articulated, remote control means, with a mass of a primary resonator, and the primary resonators and the mobile are arranged such that the axes of the joints of any two of the primary resonators and the axis of articulation of the control means are never coplanar.
- the Swatch Group Research & Development Ltd describes a watch ensemble with a combined resonator with improved isochronism, at least two degrees of freedom, which comprises a first linear or rotary oscillator with reduced amplitude in a first direction, with respect to which oscillates a second linear oscillator or reduced amplitude oscillator in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, the second oscillator having a second mass carrying a slider.
- This watch assembly comprises a mobile arranged for the application of a torque to the resonator, this mobile having a groove in which the slider slides with minimal clearance.
- This slide is arranged for at least, or follow the curvature of the groove when it has one, or friction rub in the groove, or push the inner side surfaces that the groove comprises by magnetized or electrified surfaces that includes the slide.
- the document FR630831A in the name of Schieferstein describes a method and a device for the transmission of power between mechanical systems or for the control of mechanical systems, where two oscillating motions of flexible mechanisms, forming a suitable angle between them, act on each other in such a way that oscillation takes place following a closed curve, and which, for the purpose of force transmission or control, is loosely coupled in accordance with a rotary motion.
- the associated return means are attached to the plate.
- the connecting elements between the masses are elastic, and therefore do not constitute kinematic linkage means.
- the document EP3095011A2 and the document WO2015 / 104962 on behalf of EPFL on behalf of EPFL describe a mechanical isotropic harmonic oscillator, comprising at least one bond with two degrees of freedom, supporting a mass in orbit relative to a fixed base with springs having isotropic return properties and linear. More particularly, a plane spring stage forms a link with two degrees of freedom causing a purely translational movement of the mass in orbit, so that the mass moves along its orbit while maintaining a fixed orientation. In a variant, each spring stage comprises at least two parallel springs. Again, the springs or other associated return means are attached to the plate.
- the invention proposes a rotary resonator mechanism according to claim 1.
- a rotary resonator mechanism according to the invention is particularly designed to include guides, in which friction of guiding does not dissipate energy in steady state, thus improving the quality factor.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a watch movement.
- the invention relates to a resonator mechanism 100, provided for a watch movement 200 intended primarily to be integrated in a watch 300.
- the resonator mechanism 100 according to the invention is designed to be isochronous, insensitive to positions in the field gravity, and, otherwise insensitive to shocks and disturbances, at least arranged to resume very quickly its normal operation.
- This resonator mechanism 100 is a rotary resonator. It has the particularity to be devoid of usual exhaust mechanism, and to operate continuously. The absence of saccades can significantly improve the energy efficiency, compared with a conventional resonator-type sprung balance coupled with an escapement anchor.
- This resonator mechanism 100 comprises an input mobile 1, pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation D.
- This input mobile 1 is subjected to a motor torque.
- the figure 1 illustrates a conventional configuration of a watch movement 200 which comprises energy storage and storage means 210, here including in a non-limiting manner a cylinder 211, arranged to drive conventionally a gear train 220, in particular a gear train, finishing, the most downstream element drives the input mobile 1, thus subjected to the torque of the finishing train.
- the resonator mechanism 100 comprises a common structure, which is deformable or articulated, and which is integral in rotation with the input mobile 1 about the axis of rotation D.
- This common structure carries, or comprises, a plurality of inertial elements 2. And this common structure rotates continuously. There is no movement back and forth: once subjected to a motor torque, the common structure rotates in a single direction of rotation. This does not prevent the structure can be reversible, and able to turn in the other direction if it is subjected to a pair of opposite direction.
- Each inertial element 2 is guided, according to at least one degree of freedom with respect to the common structure.
- Each inertial element 2 is biased towards the axis of rotation D by elastic return means 4, which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of this inertial element 2.
- these elastic return means 4 are embedded in the rotary resonator mechanism 100.
- This return force is directed towards the axis of rotation D, and has an intensity proportional to the distance R G between the axis of rotation D and the center of mass of the inertial element 2 considered.
- the same elastic return means 4 are common to several inertial elements 2, and may in particular consist of a tension spring joining pins disposed on the inertial masses, or the like.
- such elastic return means 4 are arranged between, on the one hand, the common structure, and on the other hand an inertial mass 2, or an arm 31, 32, carrying a inertial mass 2.
- the common structure is elastically deformable, and constitutes such elastic return means 4.
- the resonator mechanism 100 has a rotation symmetry of order N, N being the number of the inertial masses 2. This is not the case of the prior art mentioned above.
- each inertial element 2 is guided, directly or indirectly, by means of arms or secondary articulated systems, with respect to the common structure by at least one guiding means 5.
- the figure 1 illustrates an example where the common structure comprises a central mobile 30, which carries at its two ends, pivot pins 51, 52, about axes D31 and D32, and which respectively bear arms 31, 32, which are themselves carriers of inertial elements 2: 21 and 22, which, according to the alternative embodiment, can be, or else mounted idle on these arms 31, 32, at axes D1, D2, passing through their center mass, or mounted fixed relative to these arms.
- a central mobile 30 which carries at its two ends, pivot pins 51, 52, about axes D31 and D32, and which respectively bear arms 31, 32, which are themselves carriers of inertial elements 2: 21 and 22, which, according to the alternative embodiment, can be, or else mounted idle on these arms 31, 32, at axes D1, D2, passing through their center mass, or mounted fixed relative to these arms.
- the elastic return means 4 are in rotation, and separated: 41 and 42, arranged between, on the one hand, the central mobile 30 of the common structure 3 at the level of an inner fastener 410, 420, and on the other hand the arm 31, 32, at an outer attachment 411, 421.
- each inertial element 2 may comprise a degree of freedom in rotation, as in most of the present figures, or else a degree of freedom in translation as in the figure 12 .
- the resonator mechanism 100 must control, at all times, three angles: that which the common structure 3 with a turntable of the watch movement, or the like, and those, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, what do the centers of mass of the inertial elements 21 and 22 with respect to the common structure 3, with reference to the axes D31 and D32 of the respective guides 51 and 52.
- N inertial elements it is a matter of piloting N1 + angles.
- each inertial element tends to deviate from the axis of rotation D, to a radial position where the friction of the air print a resistive torque which balances, in a tangential direction, the effect of the torque applied to the input mobile 1, relative to the center of mass of the inertial element.
- the centrifugal force which balances the radial component of the return force printed by the elastic return means 4.
- the angular rotation speed is equal to the square root of the quotient of the stiffness of the elastic return means by the mass of the inertial element, whereas the instantaneous radius of the center of mass with respect to the axis of rotation D is equal at the square root of the quotient between the engine torque and the product of the angular velocity and the coefficient of friction between the ambient medium and the inertial element.
- the centers of mass of the inertial elements tend to reach the axis of rotation D, when the drive means are at a standstill, this position corresponding to the exercise of a zero tensile force on the part of the elastic return means 4 It may be easier to make a resonator mechanism 100 where the inertial masses 2 approach the axis of rotation, especially if these inertial masses 2 are in the same plane, and come for example in contact with each other. other in a rest position, the elastic return means 4 being then assembled with a prestressing.
- the disturbance due to the field of gravity tends, in certain positions of the watch 300, to differentiate the behavior of the inertial elements.
- the figure 1 has a reference Z, in the plane of the sheet and directed towards the bottom of the sheet, which indicates the vertical of the place and the field of gravity, the inertial element 22 tends to deviate from the common structure 3, while the inertial element 21 tends to approach it. If the inertial elements 2 are completely free radially, they may be located on different radii with respect to the axis of rotation D.
- the rotary resonator mechanism 100 advantageously comprises a kinematic connection, and more particularly a rigid kinematic connection, between at least two inertial elements 2, and preferably between all the inertial elements 2.
- This connection forces the inertial elements 2 to find at the same distance of the axis of rotation D, permanently. That is to say, the inertial elements 2 have only one degree of freedom with respect to the common structure 3.
- This kinematic connection is useful for small frequencies, 2 to 5 Hz in particular.
- the rotational speed of the common structure 3 is high, in particular corresponding to a period greater than or equal to 20 Hz, for example of the order of 50 Hz, the effect of the gravitational field is negligible compared to the effects of inertia, and such a kinematic connection is not essential.
- Such a very simple embodiment may be suitable for single-use applications, such as fireworks or the like.
- the kinematic connection becomes necessary, however, as soon as one seeks to achieve good chronometric performance, especially for use in a watch.
- kinematic links are illustrated on the figures 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 9, 10 , 12, 13 , 14, 15 and 16 , and will be exposed later. Most of them are articulated rigid kinematic links, some of them illustrating flexible kinematic links.
- the resonator mechanism 100 comprises a symmetrical pantograph articulated structure around the axis of rotation D, comprising at least all the inertial elements 2, articulated directly, or articulated indirectly via arms which are designated, according to the variants, by the marks 31, 32, 131, 132, 121, 122, 123, 124, around the central mobile 30 and a secondary central mobile 130 which is arranged to pivot about the axis of rotation (D and which constitutes a cross structure with the central mobile unit 30.
- Arm here means a component comprising two articulations.
- pantograph a double articulated structure, about a central axis, the double diamond shape is more particularly illustrated in the figures; the half-pantograph is the part of the structure on one side of the central axis.
- the pantograph has two half pantographs, comprising common elements, forming a cross structure.
- this crossed structure formed by the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130 has its center of mass on the axis of rotation D.
- the kinematic connection and the guides are made by combining, on the basis of the example of the figure 1 , a central mobile 30, a secondary central mobile 130 pivoting about the axis of rotation D at an axial pivot, the two arms 31 and 32 pivoted on the central mobile 30, two other secondary arms 131 and 132 rotated crazy , both on the secondary central mobile 130 about axes D131 and D132, at the level of non-detailed pivots, and on the inertial elements 21 and 22 at the axes D1 and D2, and the seven joints necessary for its operation, to form a pantograph having a rotation symmetry of order 2.
- the secondary central mobile 130 rotates crazy around the axis of rotation D.
- the elastic return means 41 and 42 are the same as on the figure 1 , since the linkage formed by the two arms 131 and 132 around the secondary central mobile 130 is passive, its only function being to maintain the centers of mass of the inertial elements 21 and 22 in symmetry with respect to the axis of rotation D.
- the arms may be inertial elements.
- the variant of the figure 3 very close to that of the figure 2 , illustrated in a folded position, combines the inertial element 21 and the secondary arm 131 to form an inertial element 121, and combines the inertial element 22 and the secondary arm 132 to form an inertial element 123, the arm 31 constituting an element inertial 122, and the arm 32 constituting an inertial element 124.
- the variant of the figure 4 very compact, comprises four inertial elements which also constitute arms 31, 32, 131, 132, articulated in pantograph around the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130.
- FIGs 5 and 6 are diagrams of the semi-pantograph, with in figure 6 the polar coordinates of the center of mass of a segment j.
- the term "segment” is here referred to as the geometric definition of one side of the semi-pantograph diamond, and "arm” is used to designate the physical component incorporated in the mechanism.
- each arm (31; 32; 131; 132; 121; 122; 123; 124) which is between two joints is located on a line joining the two joints on either side of the considered arm.
- each member of the semi-pantograph has four segments of equal length L, together constituting a regular diamond.
- the center of mass of the central mobile 30 and that of the secondary central mobile 130 are on the axis of rotation D of the resonator mechanism 100, and the centers of mass of each of the inertial arms are on a line defined by the two joints of the corresponding arm.
- Such a pantograph type structure combined with adequate elastic return means, thus constitutes a mechanism which, theoretically, makes it possible to guarantee the constancy of the rotation period of the input mobile 1, and to ensure the insensitivity to changes of position in the gravity field.
- a particular embodiment of the invention relates to a mechanism whose at least one of the guide elements and at least one of the elastic return means 4 are made jointly by a flexible guide. That is, the separate guiding and elasticity functions are provided by a single flexible guide. More particularly, with the exception of the guides at the level of the axis of rotation, all of the rotating guides and elastic return means is made by flexible guides.
- At least one such flexible guide comprises at least two blades included in planes, and which define one with the other the virtual axis of rotation of a flexible rotary guide.
- the figure 8 illustrates a structure similar to those of Figures 3 and 4 , devoid of pivot articulation, except at the axis of rotation D, and whose arms 31, 131, 32, 132 constituting the segments of the pantograph form the inertial elements.
- the flexible guides each comprise two blades, arranged in parallel and distinct levels, and which, in projection on a parallel plane, intersect at the axes of articulation D31, D1, D131, D132, D2 , and D32.
- FIG. 8A, 8B and 8C A simple realization is illustrated in Figures 8A, 8B and 8C , and consists of the superposition of a monobloc upper structure 101, which includes all the upper blades 103, and a monobloc lower structure 102, which includes all the lower blades 102.
- These upper structure 101 and lower structure 102 may be very easily assembled to one another, by gluing, riveting, or other, and the radial positions of the different joints, and the symmetry of the inertial elements, relative to the axis of rotation D, are fully guaranteed.
- these flexible guides rotating between two components are of the type crossed blades in projection, as explained above, whose opening angle ⁇ , read on the plane of projection between the axis of crossing C and the points of embedding of the blades on one of the components, has a value of 40 ° +/- 4 °, and the blades crossing at a proportion of length of 0.15 +/- 0.015.
- This crossing can be performed both near the most mobile component, that is to say the race is the most important, the least mobile component, and it is in determined by the dimensioning of the components to ensure the required distance between the points of embedding of the blades.
- the flexible guides are made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the thermal effects.
- FIGS 9 to 16 illustrate several variants to guarantee the radial symmetry of movement of the centers of mass of the inertial elements, as the case on the basis of articulated rigid kinematic links, or of flexible kinematic links.
- Figures 9 and 10 comprises, to establish the rigid kinematic connection between the inertial elements 2 (21 and 22) is carried out by means of a toothed wheel 60 mounted concentrically crazy to the axis of rotation D, and which cooperates permanently with two toothed sectors 61 and 62 are integral with the inertial elements 21 and 22. These are represented here hinged on the common structure 3 by such flexible guide blades crossed projection 41 and 42.
- the central mobile 30 is fixed to the mobile entrance 1 by an elastic connection 80, and the secondary central mobile 130 pivots around the axis of rotation D, but this pivoting is limited by an elastic connection 80 connecting it to the mobile input 1.
- the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130 are each subjected to a driving torque equivalent to half the equivalent exhaust torque in a conventional exhaust mechanism.
- this elastic connection 80 is a flexible rotary guide, in particular comprising two resilient blades.
- the figure 12 illustrates another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises radial linear guide means 90, with a radial guide bar 91 sliding in bores 911 and 912 of the inertial elements 21 and 22.
- the elastic return means 4 are constituted here by each time by a mainspring 41, 42.
- the figure 13 illustrates another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises curvilinear guide means 95, combining a curved groove 35 of the central mobile 30, and a pin 25 carried by the inertial element 21, 22, concerned.
- the elastic return means 4 comprise, for the suspension and the return of each inertial element 21, 22, two elastic blades 45 and 46 substantially parallel to each other, so as to limit the movement of each inertial element 21, 22, in a single degree of freedom.
- the figure 14 represents a structure similar to that of the figure 9 , comprising a gear 60 mounted concentrically concentrically to the axis of rotation D, and which cooperates continuously with two intermediate wheels 610 and 620, which themselves meshing with wheels or toothed sectors 61 and 62 integral with the inertial elements 21 and 22 and arms 31 and 32. These are shown here articulated on the common structure 3 by conventional tensile springs.
- the figure 15 illustrates a variant where the kinematic connection is not rigid, but flexible, the common structure 30 being a flexible blade which carries the inertial elements 21 and 22, each carrying a carrier arm of a rack member 161, 162, which It cooperates with an axial impeller 60.
- the inertial elements 21 and 22 can, however, move in two degrees of freedom.
- the complete resonator mechanism 100 (guiding, inertial element, elastic return means, arm, mobile) is in one piece. It is possible to realize the multi-level DRIE machined silicon rotary resonator, for example. When this execution is inconvenient, especially when using crossed blades in different levels, it is advantageous, as in the case of figure 8A superimposing a monoblock top structure 101 and a monobloc lower structure 102, each simple to manufacture, and which can be easily assembled to one another by gluing, riveting, screwing or otherwise. More particularly, the monobloc upper structure 101 and the one-piece lower structure 102 are irreversibly joined to one another to create an integral, unbreakable component.
- the rotation frequency of the rotary resonator mechanism 100 is greater than 20 Hz, and especially greater than 50 Hz. This relatively high frequency makes it possible to limit the sensitivity to positions in the gravitational field, in the case where there is no kinematic connection.
- the invention designed for the counting of time, is also usable for other mechanisms, such as a ring regulator, or other.
- the elastic return means of the invention are embedded in the rotary resonator, which simplifies its construction.
- the kinematic linkage means of the invention reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the system by completely linking the displacement of the masses, whereas in the prior art, the link is flexible and can not reduce the number of degrees of freedom.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement 200 comprising a platen carrying energy storage and storage means 210, in particular at least one barrel 211, arranged to conventionally drive a gear train 220, in particular a work train , whose most downstream element is arranged to drive the mobile input 1 of such a rotary resonator mechanism 100, that includes this movement 200.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch 300, comprising at least one watch movement 200, and / or such a rotary resonator mechanism 100.
- the invention allows a gain of a factor 10 on the performance of the movement.
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
Mécanisme résonateur (100) d'horlogerie, comportant un mobile central (30), solidaire en rotation autour d'un axe (D) d'un mobile d'entrée (1 ) soumis à un couple moteur, agencé pour tourner en continu, et comportant, une pluralité de N éléments inertiels (2), chacun mobile selon un degré de liberté par rapport au mobile central (30) et rappelé vers l'axe (D) par des moyens de rappel élastique (4), ledit mécanisme (100) présentant une symétrie de rotation d'ordre N, où ce mécanisme (100) comporte des moyens de liaison cinématique entre tous les éléments inertiels (2), agencés pour maintenir, à tout instant, tous les centres de masse des éléments inertiels (2) à la même distance, R, de l'axe (D), et où les moyens de rappel élastique (4) provoquent un potentiel élastique tel que :Vtot = É o 2. £j (M j . R 2),- Vtot étant le potentiel élastique,- £j étant la somme sur les j de la quantité entre parenthèses,- É o étant la vitesse de rotation qu'on veut imposer, - R j = R étant la position du centre de masse G j de l'élément inertiel j de masse M j.Clock resonator mechanism (100), comprising a central mobile (30), fixed in rotation about an axis (D) of an input moving wheel (1) subjected to a driving torque, arranged to rotate continuously, and comprising, a plurality of N inertial elements (2), each movable in a degree of freedom with respect to the central mobile (30) and biased towards the axis (D) by elastic return means (4), said mechanism ( 100) having a rotation symmetry of order N, wherein said mechanism (100) comprises kinematic connection means between all the inertial elements (2), arranged to maintain, at all times, all the centers of mass of the inertial elements ( 2) at the same distance, R, from the axis (D), and where the elastic return means (4) cause an elastic potential such that: Vtot = E o 2. j (M j, R 2), - Vtot being the elastic potential, - £ j being the sum on the j of the quantity in parentheses, - É o being the speed of rotation that we see t impose, - R j = R being the position of the center of mass G j of the inertial element j of mass M j.
Description
L'invention concerne un mécanisme résonateur pour mouvement d'horlogerie, comportant un mobile d'entrée monté pivotant autour d'un axe de rotation et soumis à un couple moteur, et comportant un mobile central, solidaire en rotation avec ledit mobile d'entrée autour dudit axe de rotation et agencé pour tourner en continu, ledit mécanisme résonateur comportant une pluralité de N éléments inertiels, chacun mobile selon au moins un degré de liberté par rapport audit mobile central, et rappelé vers ledit axe de rotation par des moyens de rappel élastique, qui sont agencés pour provoquer un effort de rappel sur le centre de masse dudit élément inertiel, ledit mécanisme résonateur présentant une symétrie de rotation d'ordre N.The invention relates to a resonator mechanism for a clockwork movement, comprising an input movable pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation and subjected to a driving torque, and comprising a central mobile, integral in rotation with said input mobile around said axis of rotation and arranged to rotate continuously, said resonator mechanism comprising a plurality of N inertial elements, each movable in at least one degree of freedom with respect to said central mobile, and biased towards said axis of rotation by biasing means elastic, which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of said inertial element, said resonator mechanism having a symmetry of rotation of order N.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mécanisme résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment une montre, comportant un tel mouvement d'horlogerie.The invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a watch movement.
L'invention concerne le domaine des mécanismes résonateurs d'horlogerie, constituant des bases de temps.The invention relates to the field of clock resonator mechanisms constituting time bases.
La plupart des montres mécaniques actuelles sont munie d'un balancier-spiral et d'un mécanisme d'échappement à ancre suisse. Le balancier-spiral constitue la base de temps de la montre. On l'appelle aussi résonateur.Most of the current mechanical watches are equipped with a sprung balance and a Swiss lever escapement mechanism. The sprung balance is the time base of the watch. It is also called resonator.
L'échappement, quant à lui, remplit deux fonctions principales:
- entretenir les va-et-vient du résonateur ;
- compter ces va-et-vient.
- maintain the comings and goings of the resonator;
- count these back and forth.
En plus de ces deux fonctions principales, l'échappement doit être robuste, résister aux chocs, et éviter de coincer le mouvement (renversement).In addition to these two main functions, the exhaust must be robust, withstand shocks, and avoid trapping the movement (overturning).
Le mécanisme d'échappement à ancre suisse a un rendement énergétique faible (environ 30%). Ce faible rendement provient du fait que les mouvements de l'échappement sont saccadés, qu'il y a des chutes ou chemin perdus pour s'accommoder des erreurs d'usinage, et, aussi du fait que plusieurs composants se transmettent leur mouvement via des plans inclinés qui frottent les uns par rapport aux autres.The Swiss lever escapement mechanism has a low fuel efficiency (about 30%). This low efficiency comes from the fact that the movements of the exhaust are jerky, that there are falls or path lost to accommodate the machining errors, and also because several components are transmitted their movement via inclined planes that rub against each other.
Pour constituer un résonateur mécanique, il faut un élément inertiel, un guidage et un élément de rappel élastique. Traditionnellement, un ressort spiral joue le rôle d'élément de rappel élastique pour l'élément inertiel que constitue un balancier. Ce balancier est guidé en rotation par des pivots qui tournent dans des paliers lisses en rubis. Cela donne lieu à des frottements, et donc à des pertes d'énergie et des perturbations de marche, qui dépendent des positions, et que l'on cherche à supprimer. Les pertes sont caractérisées par le facteur de qualité Q. On cherche à maximiser ce facteur Q.To constitute a mechanical resonator, an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element are required. Traditionally, a spiral spring acts as an elastic return element for the inertial element that constitutes a pendulum. This rocker is guided in rotation by pivots which turn in smooth bearings in rubies. This gives rise to friction, and therefore to energy losses and disturbances, which depend on the positions, and which one seeks to suppress. The losses are characterized by the quality factor Q. We seek to maximize this Q factor.
La demande
La demande
La demande
La demande internationale
Le document
Le document
Quand une masse, guidée en rotation autour d'un axe fixe, et reliée à cet axe par un ressort de rappel radial linéaire, est entraînée dans sa rotation par une roue à rainure, si on fixe sur la masse une goupille travaillant dans cette rainure, si cette masse est ponctuelle, ses trajectoires sont des ellipses ou des cercles, et sont toutes isochrones. Si la masse a une inertie de rotation, alors seules les trajectoires circulaires sont isochrones. Des conditions particulières, assez délicates à mettre au point, peuvent permettre de stabiliser les trajectoires sur des cercles, le résonateur restant alors isochrone en fonction du couple d'entraînement de la roue.When a mass, guided in rotation about a fixed axis, and connected to this axis by a linear radial return spring, is driven in its rotation by a grooved wheel, if we fix on the mass a pin working in this groove if this mass is punctual, its trajectories are ellipses or circles, and are all isochronous. If the mass has rotational inertia, then only the circular trajectories are isochronous. Special conditions, quite difficult to develop, can stabilize the trajectories on circles, the resonator then remaining isochronous depending on the driving torque of the wheel.
La présente invention se propose d'atteindre deux objectifs, à savoir :
- supprimer les perturbations dues aux frottements des pivots du résonateur pour augmenter son facteur de qualité ;
- supprimer les saccades de l'échappement afin d'augmenter le rendement du mécanisme, et notamment le rendement de la fonction d'entretien et de comptage, habituellement dévolue à un mécanisme d'échappement.
- remove disturbances due to friction of the pivots of the resonator to increase its quality factor;
- remove the saccade of the exhaust to increase the efficiency of the mechanism, including the performance of the maintenance and counting function, usually assigned to an exhaust mechanism.
Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l'invention propose un mécanisme résonateur rotatif selon la revendication 1.To achieve these objectives, the invention proposes a rotary resonator mechanism according to
Historiquement, les horlogers n'ont pas considéré les résonateurs rotatifs comme base de temps pour les montres car ils ne sont généralement pas isochrones, et ils sont sensibles à la gravité.Historically, watchmakers have not considered rotary resonators as the time base for watches because they are not usually isochronous, and they are sensitive to gravity.
Aussi un mécanisme résonateur rotatif selon l'invention est en particulier conçu de façon à comporter des guidages, dans lesquels des frottements de guidage ne dissipent pas d'énergie en régime stationnaire, améliorant ainsi le facteur de qualité.Also a rotary resonator mechanism according to the invention is particularly designed to include guides, in which friction of guiding does not dissipate energy in steady state, thus improving the quality factor.
Et, dans ce mécanisme résonateur rotatif particulier, l'entretien de la rotation est effectué par un couple appliqué directement sur un arbre du résonateur, évitant ainsi les pertes dynamiques d'un échappement à ancre classique.And, in this particular rotary resonator mechanism, the maintenance of the rotation is performed by a torque applied directly to a resonator shaft, thus avoiding the dynamic losses of a conventional anchor escapement.
Pour obtenir un mécanisme résonateur rotatif utilisable comme base de temps pour un instrument horaire, l'invention s'attache à respecter les conditions principales :
- condition d'isochronisme : le mécanisme résonateur rotatif comporte une pluralité d'éléments inertiels mobiles, chacun rappelé vers un axe de rotation principal par des moyens de rappel élastique, dont l'effort élastique de rappel provoque sur le centre de masse de cet élément inertiel une force centrale d'intensité proportionnelle à la distance entre l'axe de rotation et ce centre de masse ;
- condition d'insensibilité aux positions : l'utilisation d'une pluralité d'éléments inertiels mobiles, chacun guidé de façon à pouvoir s'éloigner de l'axe de rotation, en combinaison avec :
- ∘ ou bien une fréquence élevée, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 20 Hz, dans le cas d'une application à une montre ;
- ∘ ou bien un mécanisme de liaison agencé pour forcer le centre de masse global (de l'ensemble de ces éléments inertiels) à rester sur l'axe de rotation quelle que soit l'amplitude, c'est-à-dire un lien cinématique qui force les centres de masse des différents éléments inertiels à être sur un même rayon, par rapport à l'axe de rotation, à chaque instant ;
- condition d'insensibilité aux chocs et perturbations : frottement radial permettant de ramener les centres de masse des éléments inertiels sur une trajectoire circulaire suite à une perturbation de trajectoire. Ce frottement radial peut être réalisé par frottement de l'air, frottement d'un pivot, d'une glissière, ou similaire.
- isochronism condition: the rotary resonator mechanism comprises a plurality of mobile inertial elements, each recalled towards a main axis of rotation by elastic return means, whose elastic return force causes on the center of mass of this inertial element a central force of intensity proportional to the distance between the axis of rotation and this center of mass;
- condition of insensitivity to the positions: the use of a plurality of moving inertial elements, each guided so as to be able to move away from the axis of rotation, in combination with:
- ∘ or a high frequency, that is to say greater than 20 Hz, in the case of an application to a watch;
- ∘ or a linking mechanism arranged to force the overall center of mass (of all these inertial elements) to remain on the axis of rotation regardless of the amplitude, that is to say a kinematic link which forces the centers of mass of the different inertial elements to be on the same radius, with respect to the axis of rotation, at each instant;
- condition of insensitivity to shocks and disturbances: radial friction making it possible to reduce the centers of mass of the inertial elements on a circular trajectory following a perturbation of trajectory. This radial friction can be achieved by friction of the air, friction of a pivot, a slide, or the like.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant au moins un tel mécanisme résonateur.The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment une montre, comportant un tel mouvement d'horlogerie.The invention also relates to a timepiece, including a watch, including such a watch movement.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :
- la
figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, un mouvement mécanique d'horlogerie, comportant un barillet entraînant un rouage de finissage, qui entraîne un mobile d'entrée d'un mécanisme régulateur rotatif continu selon l'invention, dans une variante articulée comportant deux éléments inertiels portés par des bras montés pivotants par rapport à une structure commune tournant autour de l'axe de rotation du mobile d'entrée, chaque bras étant rappelé vers cet axe par des moyens de rappel élastique particuliers; - la
figure 2 représente, de façon similaire à lafigure 1 , un mécanisme dérivé de celui de lafigure 1 , comportant des moyens pour maintenir à tout instant les centres de masse des éléments inertiels à la même distance de l'axe de rotation de façon à rendre le mécanisme régulateur rotatif continu insensible aux effets du champ de gravité, ces moyens comportant ici un pantographe articulé ; - la
figure 3 est une variante du mécanisme de lafigure 2 , où les éléments inertiels sont combinés avec des bras adjacents du pantographe ; - la
figure 4 est une variante du mécanisme de lafigure 3 , où les bras sont tous remplacés par des éléments inertiels articulés sur un mobile central entraîné par le rouage, et un mobile central secondaire constituant ensemble une croix au coeur du pantographe ; - la
figure 5 est un schéma d'un losange formant demi-pantographe à côtés de dimensions quelconques, et lafigure 6 est un schéma du même demi-pantographe montrant les coordonnées polaires du centre de masse d'un segment j ; - la
figure 7 , similaire à lafigure 6 , concerne le cas particulier d'un demi-pantographe en losange isocèle régulier, où tous les bras entre articulations sont de longueur égale ; - la
figure 8 représente, de façon schématisée et en perspective, une autre variante, avec une structure voisine de celles desfigures 3 , dépourvue d'articulation à pivot, sauf au niveau de l'axe de rotation, et dont les bras constituant les segments du pantographe forment les éléments inertiels, et où les liaisons entre ces bras comportent des guidages flexibles à lames croisées en projection ;et 4 - la
figure 8A représente, de façon similaire à lafigure 8 , une variante avantageuse de réalisation comportant, en superposition, une structure supérieure monobloc, qui comporte toutes les lames supérieures, et une structure inférieure monobloc, qui comporte toutes les lames inférieures ; lesfigures 8B et 8C sont des vues de côté du mobile central et du mobile central secondaire de ce pantographe ; - les
figures 9 et 10 représentent, de façon schématisée, respectivement en plan et en perspective, une variante de liaison cinématique rigide entre deux éléments inertiels, comportant une roue dentée axiale folle, qui coopère en permanence avec deux secteurs dentés solidaires des éléments inertiels, lesquels sont articulés sur la structure commune par des guidages flexibles à lames croisées en projection ; - la
figure 11 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une variante de pantographe, dont le mobile central est fixé au mobile d'entrée par une liaison élastique, et le mobile central secondaire est fixé au mobile d'entrée par une autre liaison élastique ; - la
figure 12 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une autre variante de liaison cinématique en guidage linéaire radial, avec une barre de guidage radiale coulissant dans des alésages des éléments inertiels, les moyens de rappel élastique des éléments inertiels étant constitués par des ressorts en vé ; - la
figure 13 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une autre variante encore, dans laquelle la liaison cinématique comporte des moyens de guidage curviligne, combinant une rainure courbe du mobile central, et un pion porté par l'élément inertiel concerné, et où les moyens de rappel élastique comportent deux lames élastiques parallèles l'une à l'autre, pour limiter le mouvement de chaque élément inertiel selon un seul degré de liberté ; - la
figure 14 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une structure voisine de celle de lafigure 9 , comportant une roue dentée axial folle coopérant avec deux roues intermédiaires qui elles-mêmes engrènent avec des roues solidaires des éléments inertiels et des bras, lesquels sont articulés sur la structure commune par des ressorts de traction classiques ; - la
figure 15 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une variante où la liaison cinématique est flexible, la structure commune étant une lame flexible qui porte les éléments inertiels, qui portent chacun un bras porteur d'un élément de crémaillère coopérant avec une roue folle axiale ; - la
figure 16 représente, de façon schématisée et en vue en plan, une variante de lafigure 15 , comportant des moyens de rappel élastique comportant, pour chaque élément inertiel, deux lames élastiques parallèles, pour limiter le mouvement de chaque élément inertiel selon un seul degré de liberté ; - la
figure 17 est un schéma-blocs représentant une montre comportant un mouvement qui comporte lui-même un mécanisme régulateur rotatif continu selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 represents schematically and in plan view, a mechanical clockwork movement, comprising a barrel driving a finishing train, which drives an input mobile of a continuous rotary regulating mechanism according to the invention, in an articulated variant having two inertial elements carried by arms pivotally mounted relative to a common structure rotating about the axis of rotation of the input mobile, each arm being biased towards this axis by particular elastic return means; - the
figure 2 represents, similarly to thefigure 1 , a mechanism derived from that of thefigure 1 , comprising means for maintaining at any moment the centers of mass of the inertial elements at the same distance from the axis of rotation so as to make the continuous rotary regulating mechanism insensitive to the effects of the gravity field, these means comprising here an articulated pantograph ; - the
figure 3 is a variant of the mechanism of thefigure 2 , where the inertial elements are combined with adjacent arms of the pantograph; - the
figure 4 is a variant of the mechanism of thefigure 3 , where the arms are all replaced by inertial elements articulated on a central mobile driven by the gear, and a secondary central mobile together constituting a cross in the heart of the pantograph; - the
figure 5 is a diagram of a rhombus forming half-pantograph with sides of any size, and thefigure 6 is a diagram of the same half-pantograph showing the polar coordinates of the center of mass of a segment j; - the
figure 7 , similar tofigure 6 relates to the particular case of a regular isosceles rhombus pantograph, where all the arms between joints are of equal length; - l
figure 8 represents, schematically and in perspective, another variant, with a structure similar to those ofFigures 3 and 4 without pivot articulation, except at the level of the axis of rotation, and whose arms constituting the segments of the pantograph form the inertial elements, and where the connections between these arms comprise flexible guides with crossed blades in projection; - the
figure 8A represents, similarly to thefigure 8 , an advantageous embodiment having, in superposition, a monobloc upper structure, which comprises all the upper blades, and a lower monobloc structure, which comprises all the lower blades; theFigures 8B and 8C are side views of the central mobile and the secondary central mobile of this pantograph; - the
Figures 9 and 10 schematically represent, respectively in plan and in perspective, a rigid kinematic link variant between two inertial elements, comprising a crazy axial gear, which cooperates permanently with two integral toothed sectors of the inertial elements, which are articulated on the structure common by flexible guides with crossed blades in projection; - the
figure 11 shows schematically and in plan view, a pantograph variant, whose central mobile is fixed to the input mobile by an elastic connection, and the secondary central mobile is fixed to the input mobile by another elastic connection; - the
figure 12 is schematically and in plan view, another kinematic connection variant in radial linear guide, with a radial guide bar sliding in bores of the inertial elements, the elastic return means of the inertial elements being constituted by springs in vé; - the
figure 13 represents, schematically and in plan view, yet another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises curvilinear guide means, combining a curved groove of the central mobile, and a pin carried by the inertial element concerned, and where the resilient return means comprise two elastic blades parallel to each other, to limit the movement of each inertial element in a single degree of freedom; - the
figure 14 represents, schematically and in plan view, a structure similar to that of thefigure 9 , comprising a crazy axial gear cooperating with two intermediate wheels which themselves mesh with integral wheels of the inertial elements and arms, which are articulated on the common structure by conventional tensile springs; - the
figure 15 represents, schematically and in plan view, a variant where the kinematic connection is flexible, the common structure being a flexible blade which carries the inertial elements, each carrying a carrying arm of a rack member cooperating with a idler wheel axial; - the
figure 16 represents, schematically and in plan view, a variant of thefigure 15 , comprising elastic return means comprising, for each inertial element, two parallel elastic blades, for limiting the movement of each inertial element in a single degree of freedom; - the
figure 17 is a block diagram showing a watch having a movement which itself comprises a continuous rotary regulating mechanism according to the invention.
L'invention concerne un mécanisme résonateur 100, prévu pour un mouvement d'horlogerie 200 destiné principalement à être intégré dans une montre 300. En effet, le mécanisme résonateur 100 selon l'invention est étudié pour être isochrone, insensible aux positions dans le champ de gravité, et, sinon insensible aux chocs et perturbations, du moins agencé pour reprendre très vite sa marche normale.The invention relates to a
Ce mécanisme résonateur 100 est un résonateur rotatif. Il présente la particularité d'être dépourvu de mécanisme d'échappement usuel, et de fonctionner en continu. L'absence de saccades permet d'améliorer considérablement le rendement énergétique, en comparaison avec un résonateur classique, de type balancier-spiral couplé avec un échappement à ancre.This
Ce mécanisme résonateur 100 comporte un mobile d'entrée 1, monté pivotant autour d'un axe de rotation D. Ce mobile d'entrée 1 est soumis à un couple moteur. La
Selon l'invention, le mécanisme résonateur 100 comporte une structure commune, qui est déformable ou articulée, et qui est solidaire en rotation avec le mobile d'entrée 1 autour de l'axe de rotation D. Cette structure commune porte, ou comporte, une pluralité d'éléments inertiels 2. Et cette structure commune tourne en continu. Il n'y a pas de mouvement de va-et-vient : une fois soumis à un couple moteur, la structure commune tourne dans un sens unique de rotation. Ceci n'empêche pas que la structure puisse être réversible, et apte à tourner dans l'autre sens si elle est soumise à un couple de sens opposé.According to the invention, the
Chaque élément inertiel 2 est guidé, selon au moins un degré de liberté par rapport à la structure commune.Each
Chaque élément inertiel 2 est rappelé vers l'axe de rotation D par des moyens de rappel élastique 4, qui sont agencés pour provoquer un effort de rappel sur le centre de masse de cet élément inertiel 2.Each
Selon l'invention, ces moyens de rappel élastique 4 sont embarqués dans le mécanisme résonateur rotatif 100.According to the invention, these elastic return means 4 are embedded in the
Cet effort de rappel est dirigé vers l'axe de rotation D, et présente une intensité proportionnelle à la distance RG entre l'axe de rotation D et le centre de masse de l'élément inertiel 2 considéré.This return force is directed towards the axis of rotation D, and has an intensity proportional to the distance R G between the axis of rotation D and the center of mass of the
Dans une variante particulière, des mêmes moyens de rappel élastique 4 sont communs à plusieurs éléments inertiels 2, et peuvent notamment consister en un ressort de traction joignant des tourillons disposés sur les masses inertielles, ou similaire.In a particular variant, the same elastic return means 4 are common to several
Dans une autre variante, illustrée notamment par les
Dans une autre variante encore, tel que visible à la
Le mécanisme résonateur 100 présente une symétrie de rotation d'ordre N, N étant le nombre des masses inertielles 2. Ce qui n'est pas le cas de l'art antérieur cité plus haut.The
Dans une variante où le mécanisme résonateur 100 est articulé, chaque élément inertiel 2 est guidé, directement ou indirectement par l'intermédiaire de bras ou de systèmes articulés secondaires, par rapport à la structure commune par au moins un moyen de guidage 5.In a variant in which the
La
Dans cette variante de la
On comprend, que chaque élément inertiel 2 peut comporter un degré de liberté en rotation, comme sur la plupart des présentes figures, ou bien encore un degré de liberté en translation comme sur la
Dans la variante où chaque élément inertiel 2 comporte un degré de liberté en rotation, plus particulièrement, les moyens de rappel élastique 4 provoquent un potentiel élastique, assimilable à une énergie potentielle élastique totale, caractérisé par la relation suivante :
- Vtot est le potentiel élastique, qui représente une énergie élastique,
- ∑j est la somme sur les j de la quantité entre parenthèses,
- ω0est la vitesse de rotation qu'on veut imposer,
- Rj(βi) est la position du centre de masse de l'élément inertiel j, en fonction de la valeur du degré de liberté βi,
- Mj est la masse de l'élément inertiel j.
- Vtot is the elastic potential, which represents an elastic energy,
- Σj is the sum on j of the quantity in parentheses,
- ω 0 is the speed of rotation that we want to impose,
- Rj (βi) is the position of the center of mass of the inertial element j, as a function of the degree of freedom βi,
- Mj is the mass of the inertial element j.
On comprend que, dans l'exemple articulé de la
Le système est auto-régulé : sous l'effet du couple imprimé par les moyens moteurs du mouvement, chaque élément inertiel tend à s'écarter de l'axe de rotation D, jusqu'à une position radiale où les frottements de l'air impriment un couple résistant qui équilibre, selon une direction tangentielle, l'effet du couple appliqué sur le mobile d'entrée 1, rapporté au centre de masse de l'élément inertiel. Selon la direction radiale, c'est la force centrifuge qui équilibre la composante radiale de l'effort de rappel imprimé par les moyens de rappel élastique 4. Ce double équilibre, tangentiel et radial, détermine la position radiale du centre de masse à tout instant, en fonction de la valeur instantanée du couple émis par les moyens moteurs. La vitesse angulaire de rotation est égale à la racine carrée du quotient de la raideur des moyens de rappel élastique par la masse de l'élément inertiel, tandis que le rayon instantané du centre de masse par rapport à l'axe de rotation D est égal à la racine carrée du quotient entre le couple moteur et le produit de la vitesse angulaire et du coefficient de frottement entre le milieu ambiant et l'élément inertiel.The system is self-regulated: under the effect of the torque imparted by the driving means of the movement, each inertial element tends to deviate from the axis of rotation D, to a radial position where the friction of the air print a resistive torque which balances, in a tangential direction, the effect of the torque applied to the input mobile 1, relative to the center of mass of the inertial element. In the radial direction, it is the centrifugal force which balances the radial component of the return force printed by the elastic return means 4. This double balance, tangential and radial, determines the radial position of the center of mass at all times. , according to the instantaneous value of the torque emitted by the motor means. The angular rotation speed is equal to the square root of the quotient of the stiffness of the elastic return means by the mass of the inertial element, whereas the instantaneous radius of the center of mass with respect to the axis of rotation D is equal at the square root of the quotient between the engine torque and the product of the angular velocity and the coefficient of friction between the ambient medium and the inertial element.
Les centres de masse des éléments inertiels tendent à atteindre l'axe de rotation D, quand les moyens moteurs sont à l'arrêt, cette position correspondant à l'exercice d'un effort de traction nul de la part des moyens de rappel élastique 4. Il peut être plus facile de réaliser un mécanisme résonateur 100 où les masses inertielles 2 s'approchent de l'axe de rotation, surtout si ces masses inertielles 2 sont dans un même plan, et viennent par exemple en contact l'une avec l'autre dans une position de repos, les moyens de rappel élastique 4 étant alors assemblés avec une précontrainte.The centers of mass of the inertial elements tend to reach the axis of rotation D, when the drive means are at a standstill, this position corresponding to the exercise of a zero tensile force on the part of the elastic return means 4 It may be easier to make a
La perturbation due au champ de gravité tend, dans certaines positions de la montre 300, à différencier le comportement des éléments inertiels. Par exemple, la
Il est donc avantageux, pour s'affranchir de cet effet du champ de gravité, d'effectuer un transfert de mouvement réduisant le nombre de degrés de liberté de chaque élément inertiel 2, et d'établir un couplage mécanique qui force la position radiale, par rapport à l'axe de rotation D, de chaque élément inertiel 2 par rapport aux autres. Ainsi le centre de masse global du mécanisme résonateur tout entier peut rester sur l'axe de rotation D. De préférence, on établit une symétrie par rapport à l'axe de rotation D.It is therefore advantageous, to overcome this effect of the gravity field, to perform a transfer of motion reducing the number of degrees of freedom of each
A cet effet, le mécanisme résonateur rotatif 100 comporte avantageusement une liaison cinématique, et plus particulièrement une liaison cinématique rigide, entre au moins deux éléments inertiels 2, et de préférence entre tous les éléments inertiels 2. Cette liaison force les éléments inertiels 2 à se trouver à la même distance de l'axe de rotation D, en permanence. C'est-à-dire que les éléments inertiels 2 n'ont plus qu'un degré de liberté par rapport à la structure commune 3.For this purpose, the
Cette liaison cinématique est utile aux petites fréquences, 2 à 5 Hz notamment. En revanche, si la vitesse de rotation de la structure commune 3est élevée, notamment correspondant à une période supérieure ou égale à 20 Hz, par exemple de l'ordre de 50 Hz, l'effet du champ de pesanteur est négligeable devant les effets de l'inertie, et une telle liaison cinématique n'est pas indispensable. Une telle réalisation très simple peut convenir à des applications à usage unique, comme des pièces d'artifice ou similaires. La liaison cinématique devient nécessaire, en revanche, dès que l'on cherche à atteindre de bonnes performances chronométriques, notamment pour l'emploi dans une montre.This kinematic connection is useful for small frequencies, 2 to 5 Hz in particular. On the other hand, if the rotational speed of the
Différents exemples de telles liaisons cinématiques sont illustrés sur les
La
On appelle ici « pantographe » une structure articulée double, autour d'un axe central, la forme en double losange est plus particulièrement illustrée sur les figures ; on appelle « demi-pantographe » la partie de la structure située d'un seul côté de l'axe central. Le pantographe comporte deux demi-pantographes, comportant des éléments communs, formant une structure croisée.Here is called "pantograph" a double articulated structure, about a central axis, the double diamond shape is more particularly illustrated in the figures; the half-pantograph is the part of the structure on one side of the central axis. The pantograph has two half pantographs, comprising common elements, forming a cross structure.
Plus particulièrement, cette structure croisée constituée par le mobile central 30 et le mobile central secondaire 130 a son centre de masse sur l'axe de rotation D.More particularly, this crossed structure formed by the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130 has its center of mass on the axis of rotation D.
Ainsi, sur la
Dans une variante particulière, le mobile central secondaire 130 pivote fou autour de l'axe de rotation D.In a particular variant, the secondary central mobile 130 rotates crazy around the axis of rotation D.
Les moyens de rappel élastiques 41 et 42 sont les mêmes que sur la
Naturellement, tel que visible sur les variantes illustrées aux
Plus particulièrement, tous les éléments inertiels 2 sont articulés directement sur le mobile central 30 et le mobile central secondaire 130. Ainsi, la variante de la
Les
La
Dans le cas d'un demi-pantographe quelconque, tel que visible sur les
- V(β1) est le potentiel en fonction de l'angle β1,
- β1 est l'angle d'ouverture du pantographe, c'est-à-dire l'angle entre d'une part la droite qui joint la pointe du pantographe opposée à l'axe de pivotement à l'axe de pivotement, et d'autre part le segment considéré,
- ∑j est la somme sur les j de la quantité entre parenthèses,
Mj est la masse de l'élément inertiel 2 de rang j
Rj(β1) est la distance de l'axe de rotation au centre de masse Gj de l'élément inertiel 2 de rang j, - R'j(β1) est la dérivée de la distance entre l'axe de pivotement et le centre de masse de l'élément inertiel 2 de rang j par rapport à β1.
- V (β 1 ) is the potential as a function of the angle β 1 ,
- β 1 is the opening angle of the pantograph, that is to say the angle between, on the one hand, the straight line joining the point of the pantograph opposite to the axis of pivoting to the pivot axis, and on the other hand the segment considered,
rotary resonator mechanism 100, - Σj is the sum on j of the quantity in parentheses,
Mj is the mass of theinertial element 2 of rank j
Rj (β 1 ) is the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of mass Gj of theinertial element 2 of rank j, - R'j (β 1 ) is the derivative of the distance between the pivot axis and the center of mass of the
inertial element 2 of rank j with respect to β 1 .
Plus particulièrement, le centre de masse de chaque bras (31 ; 32 ; 131 ; 132 ; 121 ; 122 ; 123 ; 124) qui est compris entre deux articulations, est situé sur une droite joignant les deux articulations de part et d'autre du bras considéré.More particularly, the center of mass of each arm (31; 32; 131; 132; 121; 122; 123; 124) which is between two joints is located on a line joining the two joints on either side of the considered arm.
Plus particulièrement, et notamment dans la variante des
Plus particulièrement, en référence aux notations de la
- β1 est l'angle d'ouverture du pantographe,
- L est la longueur de chaque segment entre les articulations,
- M3 est la masse d'un troisième
segment 73 formant un des deux éléments inertiels opposés à l'axe de pivotement constitué par une rotule principale 70 ou par l'axe de rotation D, et compris entre une première rotule latérale A13 et une rotule de sommet A34 opposée à une rotule d'axe A12 constituant la rotule principale 70, - M4 est la masse d'un quatrième
segment 74 formant l'autre des deux éléments inertiels opposés audit axe de pivotement, et compris entre une deuxième rotule latérale A24 et la rotule de sommet A34, - R3 est la distance de la première rotule latérale A13 au centre de masse G3 du troisième
segment 73, - R4 est la distance de deuxième rotule latérale A24 au centre de masse G4 du quatrième
segment 74, - dα0/dt est la vitesse de rotation du résonateur rotatif.
- β 1 is the opening angle of the pantograph,
- L is the length of each segment between the joints,
- M 3 is the mass of a
third segment 73 forming one of the two inertial elements opposite to the pivot axis formed by amain ball 70 or the axis of rotation D, and between a first lateral ball joint A13 and a ball joint A34 vertex opposite to a ball joint A12 constituting themain ball 70, - M 4 is the mass of a
fourth segment 74 forming the other of the two inertial elements opposite to said pivot axis, and between a second lateral ball joint A24 and the crown ball A34, - R 3 is the distance from the first lateral ball joint A13 to the center of mass G3 of the
third segment 73, - R 4 is the distance of the second lateral ball joint A24 to the center of mass G4 of the
fourth segment 74, - dα 0 / dt is the speed of rotation of the rotary resonator.
Une telle structure de type pantographe, combinée avec des moyens de rappel élastique adéquats, constitue ainsi un mécanisme qui, sur le plan théorique, permet de garantir la constance de la période de rotation du mobile d'entrée 1, et d'assurer l'insensibilité aux changements de position dans le champ de gravité.Such a pantograph type structure, combined with adequate elastic return means, thus constitutes a mechanism which, theoretically, makes it possible to guarantee the constancy of the rotation period of the input mobile 1, and to ensure the insensitivity to changes of position in the gravity field.
La réalisation pratique nécessite néanmoins des précautions d'exécution, en raison du grand nombre des guidages d'articulation, synonymes de frottements et de perte de rendement.The practical implementation nevertheless requires performance precautions, because of the large number of articulation guides, synonymous with friction and loss of efficiency.
D'autres types de liaison cinématique seront présentés plus loin.Other types of kinematic link will be presented later.
Pour s'affranchir du coût d'un système articulé, lié à la précision d'usinage et au parallélisme des axes, et de l'altération du rendement par les frottements aux pivots, un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention concerne un mécanisme dont au moins un des éléments de guidage et au moins un des moyens de rappel élastique 4 sont réalisés de manière conjointe par un guidage flexible. C'est-à-dire que les fonctions distinctes de guidage et d'élasticité sont réalisées par un guidage flexible unique. Plus particulièrement, à l'exception des guidages au niveau de l'axe de rotation, la totalité des guidages en rotation et des moyens de rappel élastique est réalisée par des guidages flexibles.To overcome the cost of an articulated system, related to the machining precision and the parallelism of the axes, and the alteration of the yield by the friction pivots, a particular embodiment of the invention relates to a mechanism whose at least one of the guide elements and at least one of the elastic return means 4 are made jointly by a flexible guide. That is, the separate guiding and elasticity functions are provided by a single flexible guide. More particularly, with the exception of the guides at the level of the axis of rotation, all of the rotating guides and elastic return means is made by flexible guides.
Plus particulièrement, au moins un tel guidage flexible comporte au moins deux lames comprises dans des plans, et qui définissent l'une avec l'autre l'axe de rotation virtuel d'un guidage flexible rotatif.More particularly, at least one such flexible guide comprises at least two blades included in planes, and which define one with the other the virtual axis of rotation of a flexible rotary guide.
Plus particulièrement, dans une structure de type pantographe telle que décrite ci-dessus, au moins quatre de ses articulations sont réalisées par des guidages flexibles rotatifs.More particularly, in a pantograph type structure as described above, at least four of its joints are made by rotating flexible guides.
La
Une réalisation simple est illustrée aux
Plus particulièrement, ces guidages flexibles rotatifs entre deux composants sont du type à lames croisées en projection, tel qu'exposé ci-dessus, dont l'angle d'ouverture θ, lu sur le plan de projection entre l'axe de croisement C et les points d'encastrement des lames sur un des composants, a une valeur de 40° +/- 4°, et les lames se croisant à une proportion de longueur de 0.15 +/- 0.015. Ce croisement peut être effectué aussi bien à proximité du composant le plus mobile, c'est-à-dire dont la course est la plus importante, que du composant le moins mobile, et il est en général déterminé par le dimensionnement des composants pour assurer la distance requise entre les points d'encastrement des lames.More particularly, these flexible guides rotating between two components are of the type crossed blades in projection, as explained above, whose opening angle θ, read on the plane of projection between the axis of crossing C and the points of embedding of the blades on one of the components, has a value of 40 ° +/- 4 °, and the blades crossing at a proportion of length of 0.15 +/- 0.015. This crossing can be performed both near the most mobile component, that is to say the race is the most important, the least mobile component, and it is in determined by the dimensioning of the components to ensure the required distance between the points of embedding of the blades.
Plus particulièrement, les guidages flexibles sont en silicium oxydé pour compenser les effets thermiques.More particularly, the flexible guides are made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the thermal effects.
Les
La réalisation des
Dans une variante particulière de la structure de type pantographe, comportant un mobile central 30 et un mobile central secondaire 130, le mobile central 30 est fixé au mobile d'entrée 1 par une liaison élastique 80, et le mobile central secondaire 130 pivote autour de l'axe de rotation D, mais ce pivotement est limité par une liaison élastique 80 le reliant au mobile d'entrée 1. Dans cette variante particulière illustrée par la
Plus particulièrement, cette liaison élastique 80 est un guidage flexible rotatif, notamment comportant deux lames élastiques.More particularly, this
La
La
La
La
La réalisation de la
Dans une réalisation particulière, le mécanisme résonateur 100 complet (guidage, élément inertiel, moyens de rappel élastique, bras, mobile) est d'une seule pièce. On peut réaliser l'ensemble du résonateur rotatif en silicium usiné par DRIE multi-niveaux, par exemple. Quand cette exécution est malcommode, notamment lors de l'emploi de lames croisées dans des niveaux différents, on peut avantageusement, comme dans le cas de la
Dans une variante particulière, la fréquence de rotation du mécanisme résonateur rotatif 100 est supérieure à 20 Hz, et notamment supérieure à 50 Hz. Cette fréquence, relativement élevée, permet de limiter la sensibilité aux positions dans le champ de gravité, dans le cas où il n'y a pas de liaison cinématique.In a particular variant, the rotation frequency of the
On comprend que l'invention, conçue pour le comptage du temps, est aussi utilisable pour d'autres mécanismes, tel qu'un régulateur de sonnerie, ou autre. Les moyens de rappel élastique de l'invention sont embarqués dans le résonateur rotatif, ce qui permet de simplifier sa construction.It is understood that the invention, designed for the counting of time, is also usable for other mechanisms, such as a ring regulator, or other. The elastic return means of the invention are embedded in the rotary resonator, which simplifies its construction.
De plus, les moyens de liaisons cinématiques de l'invention réduisent le nombre de degré de liberté du système en liant complètement le déplacement des masses, alors que dans l'art antérieur, le lien est flexible et ne peut réduire le nombre de degrés de liberté.In addition, the kinematic linkage means of the invention reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the system by completely linking the displacement of the masses, whereas in the prior art, the link is flexible and can not reduce the number of degrees of freedom.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 200, comportant une platine porteuse de moyens d'accumulation et de stockage d'énergie 210, notamment au moins un barillet 211, agencés pour entraîner classiquement un rouage 220, en particulier un rouage de finissage, dont l'élément le plus en aval est agencé pour entraîner le mobile d'entrée 1 d'un tel mécanisme résonateur rotatif 100, que comporte ce mouvement 200.The invention also relates to a
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment une montre 300, comportant au moins un mouvement d'horlogerie 200, et/ou un tel mécanisme résonateur rotatif 100.The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a
Cette invention présente différents avantages, et notamment:
- suppression du mécanisme d'échappement traditionnel, permettant une simplification du mécanisme;
- suppression du travail du frottement des pivots d'un balancier-spiral, permettant d'augmenter le facteur de qualité du mécanisme résonateur ;
- suppression des saccades de l'échappement, permettant d'augmenter le rendement ;
- augmentation de la réserve de marche et/ou de la précision des montres mécaniques actuelles.
- removal of the traditional escape mechanism, allowing simplification of the mechanism;
- eliminating the work of the friction of the pivots of a sprung balance, making it possible to increase the quality factor of the resonator mechanism;
- suppression of saccades of the exhaust, allowing to increase the yield;
- increase of the power reserve and / or accuracy of current mechanical watches.
Pour une taille de mouvement donné, il est possible de quintupler l'autonomie de la montre, et de doubler le pouvoir réglant de la montre. Cela revient à dire que l'invention permet un gain d'un facteur 10 sur les performances du mouvement.For a given movement size, it is possible to quintuple the autonomy of the watch, and to double the regulating power of the watch. That is to say that the invention allows a gain of a factor 10 on the performance of the movement.
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP16195399 | 2016-10-25 |
Publications (2)
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EP3316047A1 true EP3316047A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
EP3316047B1 EP3316047B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17194636.1A Active EP3316047B1 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2017-10-03 | Mechanical watch with isochronous rotary resonator, which is not position-sensitive |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10126711B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3316047B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6476255B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107976890B (en) |
CH (1) | CH713069A2 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1253931A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2743150C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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EP3812843A1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-28 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Flexible guide and set of stacked flexible guides for rotary resonator mechanism, in particular for a clock movement |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3410231B1 (en) * | 2017-05-29 | 2021-06-30 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Clock mechanism |
EP3435173B1 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2020-04-29 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Mechanical movement with isochronous rotary resonator, which is not position-sensitive |
EP3926412A1 (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-22 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Regulating mechanism of a timepiece |
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WO2015104693A2 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | General 2 degree of freedom isotropic harmonic oscillator and associated time base without escapement or with simplified escapement |
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JP2015143673A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-08-06 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | Balance with hairspring, movement, and timepiece |
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EP3054357A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-10 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Clock oscillator mechanism |
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EP3217229B1 (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2020-01-01 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Adjustable auxiliary thermal compensation system |
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2016
- 2016-10-25 CH CH01420/16A patent/CH713069A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2017
- 2017-09-22 JP JP2017182077A patent/JP6476255B2/en active Active
- 2017-10-03 EP EP17194636.1A patent/EP3316047B1/en active Active
- 2017-10-05 RU RU2017135092A patent/RU2743150C2/en active
- 2017-10-09 US US15/727,837 patent/US10126711B2/en active Active
- 2017-10-25 CN CN201711014081.0A patent/CN107976890B/en active Active
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2018
- 2018-10-12 HK HK18113080.4A patent/HK1253931A1/en unknown
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FR630831A (en) * | 1924-04-28 | 1927-12-09 | Method and arrangement for transmitting power between mechanical systems and for controlling mechanical systems | |
WO2015104693A2 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | General 2 degree of freedom isotropic harmonic oscillator and associated time base without escapement or with simplified escapement |
WO2015104692A2 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) | Xy isotropic harmonic oscillator and associated time base without escapement or with simplified escapement |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3812843A1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-04-28 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Flexible guide and set of stacked flexible guides for rotary resonator mechanism, in particular for a clock movement |
RU2756786C1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-05 | Эта Са Мануфактюр Орложэр Сюис | Flexible guide and set of superimposed flexible guides for rotary resonator mechanism, in particular clock mechanism |
US11693366B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2023-07-04 | Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Flexible guide and set of superimposed flexible guides for rotary resonator mechanism, in particular of a horological movement |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH713069A2 (en) | 2018-04-30 |
RU2017135092A (en) | 2019-04-05 |
JP6476255B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
RU2017135092A3 (en) | 2021-01-19 |
EP3316047B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
US20180113420A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
US10126711B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 |
RU2743150C2 (en) | 2021-02-15 |
HK1253931A1 (en) | 2019-07-05 |
CN107976890B (en) | 2019-11-01 |
CN107976890A (en) | 2018-05-01 |
JP2018072329A (en) | 2018-05-10 |
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