EP3302271A1 - Sensoranordnung - Google Patents
SensoranordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3302271A1 EP3302271A1 EP16724678.4A EP16724678A EP3302271A1 EP 3302271 A1 EP3302271 A1 EP 3302271A1 EP 16724678 A EP16724678 A EP 16724678A EP 3302271 A1 EP3302271 A1 EP 3302271A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measuring chamber
- sensor
- sensor arrangement
- substance
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
- A61B5/14517—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for sweat
- A61B5/14521—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for sweat using means for promoting sweat production, e.g. heating the skin
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- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/029—Humidity sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14539—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring pH
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
- G01N2001/2241—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space purpose-built sampling enclosure for emissions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor arrangement for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a method for determining the content of a substance within a measurement object according to the preamble of patent claim 32.
- waste products of the tissue are taken up by capillary blood vessels and transported away by them or, conversely, the tissue is supplied with necessary substances, such as oxygen.
- the substances released to the tissue or the capillary blood vessels are thus also partially excreted from the body via the skin.
- the skin as well as the circulation of the individual body regions is regulated differently.
- the moisture exiting the skin and the substances exiting the skin are different and variable depending on the presence in the underlying capillaries. This results in different temperature levels of the skin resulting in a different rate of evaporation.
- skin in this text and the statements below is meant any external or internal surface of the body or part of the body, in particular skin surfaces, mucous membranes, conjunctivae, organ membranes, intestinal membranes and the like.
- Gas intake systems are known from the prior art, the gas injections preferably pumped perform via pneumatic hoses in the skin. It is the relative humidity measured and kept constant for a constant concentration and measured by means of a gas sensor, the gas reduction in the chamber. Furthermore Dehumirer are used which reduce the humidity appropriately.
- TEWL sensors known in the art are suitable for a particular environmental condition and ambient temperature and humidity, e.g. 23 ° C and 40% humidity, provided and deliver reproducible and comparable readings even under these conditions. In warm weather and corresponding sweating or after increased activity of the test person misinterpretations take place.
- measuring devices for the determination of gases are known, which are usually limited to a specific application or a measurement at specific parts of the body.
- the measuring devices known from the prior art are designed with sensors assigned to the specific application, whereby the application is restricted, e.g. Infrared measurement in the ear.
- the measuring devices available from the prior art therefore have disadvantages in many respects.
- the measured values obtained are therefore often misinterpreted and harmed persons or animals.
- the measurement in or on body orifices that are difficult to access are usually complicated and complicated and therefore most of the known measuring instruments can only be used to a limited extent. Therefore, measurements, especially in body orifices, are usually made purely visually or by smears.
- the measuring devices and measuring methods known from the prior art do not take account of the environment. However, this can lead to misinterpretations in certain environments and lead to contamination of the measuring points or a falsification of the smears and thus unwanted errors.
- the sensor arrangement comprises a moisture sensor, wherein the moisture sensor is arranged such that the moisture is measurable within the measuring chamber, that the sensor arrangement comprises at least one further sensor for detecting the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber and that a the moisture sensor and the processing unit downstream of the sensor, to which the acquired measured values of the sensor and the moisture sensor are supplied, and in which the processing unit determines the content of the substance within the measuring object by determining the determined content of the substance in the measuring chamber relative to the humidity determined in the measuring chamber Relation sets.
- the inventive arrangement of a moisture sensor in combination with another sensor within the measuring chamber allows the determination of the content of a substance in different states of the article.
- the content of a substance can be determined by normalization to moisture.
- Advantageous embodiments of the measuring chamber are provided by the measuring chamber, cuboid, cylindrical, bell-shaped or dome-shaped, wherein in particular the moisture sensor and / or the sensor are arranged in the region of the curvature of the measuring chamber. It is also advantageous if the moisture sensor and / or the sensor are arranged in the region of the end face of the measuring chamber which is placed on the test object.
- the measuring chamber consists of a material with little or no material outgassing and / or material loss and / or an inert material and / or does not absorb gases into the material.
- the measuring chamber is designed such that the wall has a high thermal conductivity and / or electrical conductivity, so that the wall assumes the temperature of the measurement object in a predetermined period, preferably of less than 10 s.
- a predetermined period preferably of less than 10 s.
- the measuring chamber has a high Shore hardness, in particular greater than 0.1 1 MPa, and / or in particular korossionsbesthow, acid-resistant and / or alkali-resistant and / or emission-free and / or toxin-free and / or skin-friendly and / or recyclable is, and / or that the measuring chamber has a high tracking resistance, in particular of at least 120 CTI, and / or - that the material of the measuring chamber has an antibacterial effect or comprises antibacterial coating, and / or
- the material of the measuring chamber has a thermal conductivity which is greater than the thermal conductivity of the gases and / or substances for which the sensors are sensitive, and / or - That the material of the measuring chamber has a thermal conductivity which is greater than 0.17 W / (m K).
- a preferred embodiment of the sensor arrangement provides that the moisture sensor is designed as a sensor for detecting the transepidermal water loss. Furthermore, it may be advantageously provided that the moisture sensor is designed as a sensor for detecting the skin surface water. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the response speed of the sensor is in the range of 1 ms to 0.5 ms, preferably between 1 ms and 200 ms.
- the aforementioned contamination or incorrect measurement can also be caused by so-called "Skin Surface Water.”
- “Skin Surface Water” can be derived from creams or from the environment on the surface of the skin and can for example be transferred to the skin when engaging a door buckle ,
- the quantity and qualitative composition of the water or this water vapor is in most cases undefined and subject to a permanent change and can be determined quantitatively and qualitatively only in narrow time windows.
- the reaction speed of the sensors should therefore be very high, in particular in the range of about 100 ms, in order to better detect this water.
- a number of sensors are provided, wherein the sensors are arranged such that they measure the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber. It is preferably provided that the sensor or the sensors are arranged in the interior of the measuring chamber.
- a preferred embodiment of the sensors is achieved in that the sensor or at least one of the sensors is a photomultiplier, in particular a mycro photomultiplier, and / or a gas sensor is a particle sensor and / or molecule sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or a pH sensor.
- the sensor arrangement comprises a temperature sensor, which is arranged in particular in the measuring chamber, wherein the temperature in the measuring chamber with the temperature sensor is measurable, the processing unit stores the temperature values, in particular in a memory and for determining the content of the substance attracts.
- the temperature sensor can advantageously have a response speed of less than 100 ms.
- the wall of the measuring chamber has an opening, wherein the opening completely penetrates the wall of the measuring chamber so that a part of the medium located in the measuring chamber emerges ,
- a) has a plug shape and / or
- a part of the opening has a widening or tapering cross-section and / or
- c) is designed such that inserts with different cross-sections or cross-sectional profiles in the opening, preferably interchangeable, can be inserted or pressed.
- the wall is continued in the region of the opening through a filter which is arranged within the opening or that the opening is covered by a filter.
- the filter advantageously activated carbon, fiberglass wool, sintered material, ceramic, plastic film with pores or holes, metal in particular stainless steel with holes, silicon with holes and / or germanium with holes and in particular conductive and / or thermally conductive.
- the filter comprises neutralizers or binding substances.
- the sensor arrangement has a suction device, wherein through the suction device, in particular via the opening, a defined part of the volume of the in the measuring chamber located content is sucked.
- a flap or a turntable with different openings in the flow direction before, in or after the opening is arranged so adjustable that the passage cross-section is variable.
- An advantageous arrangement and simpler manufacture of the sensor arrangement is achieved if the moisture sensor and the sensor, in particular the sensors, are arranged on a common carrier, in particular a printed circuit board.
- insulation, milling or louvers are provided for thermal separation on the support.
- the sensor arrangement has a gas introduction element for introduction of gases into the measurement chamber in which gas and / or ambient air can be introduced into the measuring chamber through the gas introduction element, in particular via an entry opening in the wall of the measuring chamber.
- Contamination of the measuring chamber and / or the sensor and / or the sensors can be prevented if the measuring chamber is covered by a cap or a cover, wherein the wall of the cap or the cover, in particular the end wall, radiation, steam, moisture -, Particles-, and / or translucent and / or a number of, in particular vapor-permeable or gas-permeable, femto-, pico-, nano - - or has microholes.
- the entry of unwanted substances or a targeted entry of a single or individual substances can be prevented or determined by determining the number and permeability of the covering cap in the measuring chamber.
- the nano- or microholes have different dimensions in different regions of the end wall. Furthermore, it may be advantageously provided that the cap or the cover is formed such that the cap or the cover has a low mass and a high thermal conductivity, so that the cap or cover the temperature of the test object, in particular the skin, within 10 seconds can accept.
- the sensor arrangement has an environment sensor which is arranged in particular on the outside of the wall measuring chamber facing the environment, the air humidity and / or the temperature the environment is measurable by the environmental sensor.
- a preferred embodiment of the measuring chamber is provided when the measuring chamber has a cross section with a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or a length between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or the distance between the sensors, in particular the carrier plate, from the end of the Measuring chamber is 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
- the measuring chamber and / or the wall have a friction coefficient with the human skin of less than 0.8.
- An advantageous smoothing or tension of the skin can be achieved by the minimum contact surface of the measuring chamber on the measuring object is between 2mm 2 and 30mm 2 .
- the measuring chamber is partially covered by means of at least one web or a grid, so that an unwanted intrusion of objects, in particular the skin or fingers, can be prevented.
- Advantage of this design is that fingertips can not get to the sensors. The contact of a finger with the sensors and / or with the measuring chamber walls would lead to the accumulation of fat and / or sebum which contaminate the measuring chamber.
- the sensor or the sensors in each case comprises a carrier body acted upon by a substance and at least two spaced-apart electrodes, wherein a substance located in the measuring chamber is reversibly receivable by the substance that the Support body made of or with an open-pore porous, humid-invariant, non-hygroscopic and high internal stiffness having carrier material is made, that at least the pores of the carrier material with the substance, preferably with an inorganic salt in dissolved, liquid, solid or crystalline form, filled or at least on their surfaces or walls are coated and that the conductance and / or electrical permittivity of the substance, in particular of the salt, brought from the content of the substance of the thus acted upon carrier material of the carrier body in contact or stand material is reproducibly functionally dependent.
- an additional advantageous aspect of the invention provides that the inorganic salt in and on the support body sodium chloride, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, sodium dichromate, lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate or potassium carbonate or mixtures of salts and / or the substance in and on the Carrier body is a salt or an enzyme or a graphene or a mixture of these.
- a particularly high strength of the surface coating is achieved.
- the retention of the substance in the pores is considerably improved by the surface coating.
- a larger surface for absorbing humidity is available.
- the surface coating is anchored particularly well by the retention of the salt in the pores.
- the electrodes are separated by elevations and / or depressions formed on the carrier, so that a mixing of the substances can be prevented.
- a high- or dead-burned mineral oxide also has the advantage that the carrier body is subjected to only minor mechanical stresses due to moisture water stored in the substance.
- alumina, magnesium oxide or an open-pore foam or sintered metal is suitable.
- a further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the carrier body consists of printed circuit board material in which the pores in particular completely penetrate the pores, are etched superficially and / or burned, preferably with a laser, or if the printed circuit board as such has pores.
- This development of the invention allows an alternative integration of a moisture sensor in a printed circuit board, wherein the additional manufacturing cost for the attachment of the moisture sensors is extremely low and thus the production cost can be greatly reduced.
- the vapor or vapor containing a substance In order for the vapor or vapor containing a substance to penetrate deeper into the carrier body or to pass through it, it can be provided that a part of the pores is permeable to the vapor or haze containing a substance or to the substance itself.
- the electrodes are formed by embedded in the pores of the carrier body metal. As a result, electrodes which are anchored particularly well in the carrier material are made possible, the production of which is easy to accomplish.
- the carrier body has a layer-like structure, and has at least one continuous macroscopic recess, which is at least superficially coated by the substrate through the passage area of the substance and arranged the electrodes on, in particular opposite, sides of the carrier body are. This allows easy production of a humidity sensor on a circuit board.
- a further particular embodiment of the invention provides that at least two electrodes are arranged in and / or on the carrier body or on the carrier material, which has a current flow and / or a charge shift at least in the substance, in particular in the salt, in the pores of the carrier material allow the carrier body and / or on the surface of the carrier body.
- This embodiment allows the use of low currents and voltage, which allows the use of the new sensors, especially in high-explosive atmospheres.
- this embodiment avoids the displacement of salt ions in the course of the current flow between the two electrodes, as a result of which the sensor is subject to only extremely slight aging effects.
- the electrodes are arranged superficially on the surface of the carrier body or of its carrier material, and that the substance is arranged in the pores of the carrier material, and optionally in the region between the two electrodes, wherein optionally the carrier material and at least one of the electrodes is at least partially covered with a layer of the substance on its surface.
- the formation of the electrodes is done in particular by evaporation or sputtering of the metal layer on the carrier body. It is particularly advantageous that the substance is arranged in the region between the two electrodes.
- the capacitance or conductance measured between the electrodes becomes very much dependent on the ambient air humidity.
- the electrodes extend into or pass through the carrier body, wherein the substance-coated or filled pores of the carrier body are arranged in the region between the electrodes, so that a current flow and / or a charge displacement between them is made possible.
- This allows particularly strong dependencies of the measured capacitance or conductance between the two electrodes on the respective prevailing humidity.
- a particularly large conductance or capacitance is achieved, wherein the dependence of the conductance or capacitance between the two electrodes is highly dependent on the humidity of the environment of the air.
- the sensor arrangement comprises a heat source for disinfecting the measuring chamber and / or for, in particular uniform, heat input into the measuring chamber, wherein the heat source is in particular a Peltier element or a heating coil.
- a light source or radiation source with a predetermined spectrum is arranged within the measuring chamber.
- an optical sensor which is directed to the closed off of the measuring chamber portion of the surface of the measuring object, wherein the spectra of the optical sensor and the light source or radiation source overlap in an overlapping region.
- the overlap region is selected such that the absorption or reflection in the presence of the substance is increased or reduced in relation to the absorption or reflection in the absence of the substance in the overlap region.
- the measurement chamber is subdivided into a number of subregions, in particular gas-tight, at least one sensor and / or moisture sensor and / or at least one of the subregions or within the subregions Temperature sensor is arranged.
- the subregions are separated from one another by means of gas-tight webs, wherein the webs (38) are designed such that the subregions are gas-tightly separated from one another when they rest on the measurement object.
- each subregion has a cross section with a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or a length between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or the distance between the sensors, in particular the support plate, from the end of the subregions is 0.2mm to 2mm.
- An advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement is provided if at least two contact electrodes are arranged in at least one wall, in particular in the front side, that an impedance measurement between the two contact electrodes can be made when the sensor arrangement is placed on the measurement object or in particular the contact electrodes two in contact the cap arranged electrodes. Furthermore, an advantageous measuring device is provided which contains a sensor arrangement according to the invention.
- An advantageous aspect of the method is that the content of a number of substances in the measuring chamber, in particular by a number of sensors, is determined and that the content of substances within the measuring object is determined by the determined content of the substances in the measuring chamber to the moisture detected in the measuring chamber, in particular by a processing unit, in relation.
- a temperature value prevailing within the measuring chamber is detected by means of a temperature sensor and that the temperature value is taken into account or included in the determination of the content of the substance, in particular of the substances.
- an optical sensor in particular a camera
- the position of the measuring chamber in particular its orientation, preferably by automated image recognition of contours and objects, preferably in Camera image, recorded to or at the measurement object and stored and / or used to assess the measurement.
- placing the measuring chamber on the measuring object can advantageously be recognized if the capacitance change and / or by means of contact electrodes Resistance change and / or the voltage indexing and / or voltage change between the contact electrodes is detected, and so the placement of the sensor assembly is detected on the measurement object.
- the content, in particular via a, preferably thermally conductive and / or electrically conductive, filter is sucked out of the measuring chamber. It can be advantageously provided that the required replacement of the filter is detected by the change in the electrical conductivity of the filter.
- a further advantageous development of the method is provided by the duration of the measurement and the time course of the content of the substance, in particular a gas concentration, recorded and recorded and for assessing the evaporation rate or the absorption of a substance by the measurement object, in particular by averaging Pulsating disturbances, such as muscle contractions or skin reactions due to external influences such as wind, filter out, is used.
- the surface of the measurement object and / or the measurement object is heat-treated with heat, in particular within the measurement chamber, and / or is heated to a specific temperature, thereby achieving a certain evaporation rate becomes. Furthermore, depending on the type of measurement object, the maximum temperature and the heat input per time can advantageously be restricted.
- the measuring chamber and / or the sensors in particular the entire sensor array, by heating by a, in particular in the sensor array integrated Heat source is disinfected or destroyed.
- the humidity in particular the humidity, and / or the temperature of the surroundings of the measuring chamber and / or the chlorine content, in particular the rate of decrease of the chlorine, and / or the Skin Surface Water is detected and the detected moisture, temperature and / or the content of the substance in the measuring chamber in relation to the measured values recorded in the vicinity of the measuring chamber, in particular by means of differential method, evaluated or set.
- one or more gases are introduced into the measuring chamber and the measurement of the change in concentration, preferably above a defined concentration threshold, of the introduced gases is determined. Furthermore, it is advantageous if gases for detoxification of the measuring chamber and / or the measurement object and / or for enrichment of the substance are introduced up to a defined concentration threshold within the measuring chamber in the measuring chamber.
- An advantageous development of the method is achieved by determining the real concentration in the measurement object or the concentration of the blood gases, in particular taking into account the gases detected in the environment and / or the gases introduced into the measurement chamber, by converting the measured values.
- the propagation velocity of the gas can advantageously be determined by measuring the time of the measurement up to the detection of the substance over the distance of the sensor to the measurement object and with the propagation velocities of the gases to be determined can be compared and thus the actual gas present can be determined.
- a negative pressure for accelerating the outgassing is generated from the measurement object in the measuring chamber.
- the amount of sucked gas can be easily specified if the volume flow through the suction device, preferably by means of a flap or a turntable, is adjustable.
- the suction device comprises in particular a heating element and / or forms an acceleration potential.
- the dosage of a substance can be improved if, after the measurement has taken place, a dose for the administration of an active substance and / or a mixture of active substances to the measurement object is determined depending on the content of the substance determined within the measurement subject, and in particular that this active substance is determined in the, determined by the measurement, preferably constant, dose, preferably at predetermined intervals, is administered.
- An alternative, advantageous embodiment of the measuring chamber provides that the inside of the recess or the measuring chamber is at least partially coated with a conductive material that forms the contact electrodes.
- at least two, preferably rounded, cap pins, in particular with suspension are arranged in or on at least one wall of the measuring chamber,
- the contact electrodes contact two arranged in the cap electrodes.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the sensor arrangement provides that at least one substance introduction unit is provided in the measuring chamber,
- a contrast agent and / or a fluorescence agent and / or a disinfectant is introduced into the measuring chamber.
- a fluorescence sensor can furthermore be arranged in the measuring chamber.
- a safe use and disposal of the sensor assembly is achieved when the measuring chamber is made of a biodegradable material and / or biodegradable materials and / or
- the material of the measuring chamber is nondestructive to at least 60 ° C aufheitzbar to eliminate viruses and other germs without destroying the measuring chamber can.
- An advantageous use of the sensor arrangement according to the invention provides for the sensor arrangement for determining the blood gases of a person or an animal to be used.
- the measuring point is disinfected before and / or after the measurement.
- a further aspect of the invention provides for using a sensor arrangement according to the invention for determining the content of substances of the blood circulation of a fetus or the placenta or in the mammary glands by means of measurement on the breasts.
- a further aspect of the invention provides for a sensor arrangement according to the invention for determining the alcohol content and / or illegal substances and / or drugs in the blood, in particular via the skin, or for determining the blood sugar level, in particular via the skin.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4a shows an alternative embodiment of the fourth embodiment 5 shows a fifth alternative embodiment of the sensor arrangement shown in FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8 shows a sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention according to FIG Fig. 9 shows an eighth embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 10 shows a ninth embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 11 shows a tenth embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 12 shows an eleventh embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 13 shows a twelfth embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 14 shows a measuring device according to the invention.
- Fig. 15 shows a possible embodiment of a sensor with a base body of Al 2 0 3 with a rough surface
- Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention, with fine-grained Al 2 0 3 as the support material of a carrier body and a small surface roughness
- Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of a 18 shows an embodiment of the sensors analogous to FIG. 18 with deeper continuous pores, which are achieved for example by etching or burn-in by means of a laser
- FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the sensors with throughflow channels.
- a further particular embodiment of the sensors is shown in FIGS. 21, 21 a, 21 b and 22.
- FIG. 21 a, 21 b and 22 shows a further particular embodiment of the sensors.
- FIG. 23 shows an embodiment of the sensors in plan view with two electrodes and a multiplicity of pores arranged between these electrodes
- FIG. 25 shows a further variant of the embodiment of the sensors illustrated in FIG. 23 in a side view
- FIG. 26 shows a third variant of the embodiment of the sensors illustrated in FIG. 23 in a side view
- FIG. 27 to 32 show different configurations of the contact electrodes
- FIG. 33 shows an embodiment of the sensor arrangement with a web
- FIG. 34 shows a sensor arrangement according to the invention with a continuous web
- FIG. 35 shows the top view of the embodiment according to FIG. 34
- FIG. 36 shows an embodiment of the sensor arrangement with four subregions
- FIG 37 and 38 show two embodiments of the cover
- Fig. 39 shows an embodiment of a turntable
- Fig. 40 shows a development of the embodiments one to seven with sensors integrated in the end wall.
- the sensor arrangement 10 has a measuring chamber 3 which is of cuboid design and is delimited on five of the six surfaces by a wall 31 of a housing of the sensor arrangement 10. On the sixth surface of the cuboid measuring chamber 3, an opening is formed, which connects the measuring chamber 3 with the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10.
- the sensor arrangement 10 comprises a moisture sensor 2, which is arranged within the measuring chamber 3 and is arranged on the surface of the cuboid measuring chamber 3 lying opposite the opening of the measuring chamber 3. With the moisture sensor 2, the moisture within the measuring chamber 3 can be measured.
- the sensor arrangement 10 further comprises a further sensor 4, which is likewise arranged on the surface of the parallelepiped-shaped measuring chamber 3 opposite the opening in the vicinity of the moisture sensor 2 and determines the content of at least one substance within the measuring chamber 3.
- the humidity sensor 2 and the sensor 4 are readjusted by a processing unit 40 to which the detected measured values of the sensor 4 and of the moisture sensor 2 are supplied.
- the processing unit 40 is connected to the humidity sensor 2 and the sensor 4 via an electrical line 6.
- the determined by the sensor 4 content of the substance within the measuring chamber 3 is set by the processing unit 40 in relation to the determined humidity of the humidity sensor 2 and thereby normalized or determined the content of the substance within a measuring object.
- the measuring chamber 3 is dome-shaped in this embodiment, wherein the base of the measuring chamber 3 rests on the measuring object 5. From the measurement object 5, vapor or vapor containing a substance continuously comes out.
- the moisture sensor 2 and the sensor 4 in the region of the curvature of the measuring chamber 3 with respect to the opening or the base surface arranged.
- the humidity sensor 2 determines the humidity of the vapor or vapor leaving the measurement object 5, and the sensor 4 determines the content of a substance entering the measurement chamber 3 from the measurement object 5 in the vapor or vapor.
- FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention with a cuboid measuring chamber 3.
- the moisture sensor 2 and two further sensors 4a and 4b are arranged on the surface of the measuring chamber 3 opposite the opening.
- the sensors 4a and 4b determine the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber 3 and supply the acquired measured values to the processing unit 40 with which they are connected via electrical lines 6.
- the detected measured values of the sensors 4a and 4b are related to the moisture detected within the measuring chamber by the moisture sensor 2, thereby determining the content of one or more substances within the measuring object 5.
- 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention.
- a moisture sensor 2 and three further sensors 4a, 4b and 4c are arranged on the cover surface opposite the opening of the measuring chamber 3.
- the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c can determine the content of one or more substances within the measuring chamber 3.
- the measuring chamber 3 has an opening 32 arranged in the wall 31 of the measuring chamber. The opening 32 passes completely through the wall 31 and connects the measuring chamber 3 with the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10.
- a part of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3 can emerge, the quantity of the emerging medium being greater than the dimension of the opening 32 and the measuring chamber 3 is determined.
- the opening 32 may have a plug shape and / or a portion of the opening 32 may have a widening or tapering cross-section.
- the opening 32 can also be provided with an insert which is, for example, pressed or inserted.
- the inserts can be provided with different cross-sections or cross-sectional profiles and so depending on Intended use To realize openings with different properties changeable in the measuring chamber 3.
- FIG. 4a shows a further embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 described in FIG. 4.
- a filter 8 is arranged, which defines by its pore size the outlet of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3.
- the pore size of the filter 8 is selected such that defined substances are held within the measuring chamber 3 and other substances emerge from the measuring chamber 3 via the opening 32.
- the filter 8 can have activated carbon, fiberglass wool, sintered material, ceramic, plastic film with pores or holes, metal such as stainless steel with holes, silicon with holes and / or germanium with holes or consist of these materials.
- other suitable filter materials known from the prior art can be used.
- the filter material or the filter 8 may also be thermally conductive or electrically conductive.
- the filter 8 can be arranged within the opening 32 or cover this at the beginning or end.
- the described filters 8 may further comprise neutralizers or binding substances.
- neutralizers for example, substances or substances can be made directly harmless or incorporated into the binding substances, whereby a discharge of viruses, bacteria or other substances can be prevented from the measuring chamber.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 shown in FIG. 4.
- the sensor arrangement 10 has a suction device 9, by means of which a defined part of the volume of the medium located in the measuring chamber 3 can be sucked off.
- the suction device 9 is arranged in this embodiment within the opening 32 and sucks the contents of the medium through the opening 32 from.
- the suction device can generate a defined negative pressure in the measuring chamber 2 and thus increase or set the evaporation rate from the measuring object 5.
- the sensor arrangement 10 can furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, also have a gas introduction element 12, via which gases or other media can be introduced into the measuring chamber 3.
- the gas introduction element 12 can be arranged inside the opening 32 or via an entry opening 33 formed in the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.
- the opening 32 may include a flap or turntable 61 (FIG. 39).
- the flap or the turntable 61 can in the opening 32, in front of the opening 32, ie in the measuring chamber 3, or be arranged after the opening 32.
- the flap or turntable 61 By means of the flap or turntable 61, the amount of extracted volume flow, the introduced ambient air or the introduced gases can then be regulated or predetermined as required, and / or the passage cross section of the opening 32 can be changed.
- An exemplary turntable is shown in FIG.
- the turntable 61 has different openings. By rotating the turntable 61 about its center, a different opening is brought into coincidence with the opening 32, thus changing the passage cross section.
- FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention with a moisture sensor 2, two further sensors 4a and 4b and a temperature sensor 7.
- the moisture sensor 2, the sensors 4a and 4b and the temperature sensor 7 are arranged within the measuring chamber 3 and are located on the measuring body 5 launched opening of the measuring chamber 3 opposite.
- the humidity sensor 2, the sensors 4a and 4b, and the temperature sensor 7 are connected to the processing unit 40 and supply the detected measurement values to the processing unit 40.
- the temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 and transmits it to the processing unit 40.
- the temperature sensor 7 preferably has a response speed of less than 100 ms.
- the sensor arrangement 40 furthermore has a memory 41 in which the temperature values, the content of one or more substances and / or the moisture values determined by the sensors 4a, 4b can be stored and made available. Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 10 can also have a real-time clock, which stores the measured values of the sensors 4a and 4b, the temperature sensor 7 and / or the moisture sensor 2 after predefined time intervals or these are processed by the processing unit 40.
- Fig. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention.
- the measuring chamber 3 has a humidity sensor 2 and two sensors 4a and 4b, with which the content of one or more substances within the measuring material 5 is determined.
- the sensor arrangement 10 further has an environmental sensor 13, which faces the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10 or the measuring chamber 3 and makes it possible to determine the moisture, the temperature and / or the content of one or more substances in the surroundings of the sensor arrangement 10.
- the environmental sensor 13 is connected to the processing unit 40 and transmits the detected environmental measurement values
- the environmental sensor 13 may have an analogous structure to the moisture sensor 2 arranged in the measuring chamber 3, the sensors 4a, 4b or the temperature sensor 7. With the aid of the environmental sensor 13, the moisture, the temperature and / or the content of one or more substances in the vicinity of the sensor arrangement 10 can thus also be taken into account and included in the determination of the content of one or more substances within the measurement object 5.
- a sensor 4 or a plurality of sensors 4 a, 4 b,... May also be arranged in the end face 36 of the wall 31 or the measuring chamber 3.
- the end face 36 When placing the measuring chamber 3 on the measuring object 5, the end face 36 then comes into direct contact with the measuring object 5 or the skin.
- the sensors 4 a, 4 b,... Arranged in the end face 36 may be, for example, temperature sensors or a pH sensor which detect the temperature or the pH of the measurement object or the skin during contact.
- FIG. 8 shows a sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 7 and FIG. 40.
- the measuring chamber 3 of the sensor arrangement 10 is covered by a covering cap 20, the opening of the measuring chamber 3 being completely covered by the covering cap 20.
- the cap 20 rests on the measuring object 5 and separates the measuring chamber 3 from the measuring object 5.
- the end wall 21 of the cap 20 rests on the measuring object 5 and is permeable.
- the cap 20 may be formed permeable to radiation, steam, moisture, particles, gases and / or light.
- the covering cap 20 may have, in particular in the region of the end wall 21, a number of, in particular vapor-permeable or gas-permeable, femto-, pico-, nano- or microholes 14, through which steam or gas can flow from the measuring object 5 into the measuring chamber 3 ,
- the sensor arrangement 10 can also be covered by a cover 60.
- the cover 60 may also be configured as the cover 20 described.
- the covering cap 20 or the cover 60 may also, as shown in FIGS. 37 and 38, have recesses, nano- or microholes in different regions of the end wall with different dimensions.
- the cap 20 or the cover 60 may be formed such that the cap 20 or the cover has a low mass and a high Thermal conductivity, whereby the cap 20 or the cover 60, the temperature of the measurement object, in particular the skin, assumes very quickly. This further causes the propagation velocity or other properties of the gases not to be altered by any cooling by the material of the cap 20 or cover 60.
- FIG. 9 shows an eighth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention.
- the moisture sensor 2 and the two sensors 4a, 4b are arranged within the measuring chamber 3 on a common carrier 22, in this embodiment a circuit board.
- the moisture sensor 2 and / or the further sensors 4a, 4b ... and / or the common carrier 22 can also be arranged on other parts of the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.
- 10 shows a ninth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention, in which the measuring chamber 3 is connected to the measuring object 5 through an opening 35, wherein the vapor containing a substance enters the measuring chamber 3 from the measuring object 5 via the opening 35.
- a filter 8 may be arranged, which filters out or retains a part of the exiting from the measuring object 5 substances and thus prevents their entry into the measuring chamber 3.
- an opening 32 may be formed within the wall 31, which connects the measuring chamber 3 with the environment of the sensor assembly 10 and allows the discharge of the medium located within the measuring chamber 3.
- a filter 8, as shown in Fig. 4a may be arranged, which filters out certain substances from the measuring chamber 3.
- the described filters 8 of the embodiments are thermally conductive and / or electrically conductive. A required replacement of the filter 8 can then be detected, for example, via the change in the electrical conductivity of the filter 8.
- the measuring chamber 3 can also have other shapes, for example a bell, ball or pyramidal shape.
- the humidity sensor 2 may be configured as a sensor for detecting transepidermal water loss and detecting the transepidermal water loss of a person's skin.
- the sensor 4 or the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c,... Can be of similar construction be and detect the content of a single substance or be designed so that the content of several substances is determined.
- the senor 4 or at least one of the sensors 4 a, 4 b, 4 c may be a photomultiplier, in particular a micro photomultiplier, a gas sensor and / or a particle sensor and / or a molecular sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or be a pH sensor.
- the moisture sensor 2 can also be designed as a sensor for detecting the skin surface water.
- the response speed of the humidity sensor 2 or the sensor for detecting the skin surface water is in the range of 0.5 ms to 1 ms, preferably between 1 ms and 200 ms.
- Skin Surface Water is the water that is on the skin surface. This changes depending on the temperature, sweating or can be applied externally, for example by creams or other substances on the skin.
- a rapid response speed of the sensor is advantageous, since otherwise the Skin Surface Water is mixed with the water leaving the measurement object or the skin and can no longer be determined without error.
- the size of the measuring chamber 3 may vary in the embodiments shown, wherein the cross section of the measuring chamber 3 preferably has a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and a length between 1 mm and 6 mm.
- the distance of the sensors 4a, 4b of the temperature sensor 7 of the moisture sensor 2 and / or the support plate 22 from the end of the measuring chamber or the opening of the measuring chamber 3 is preferably 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
- the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... as pairs of sensors or adjacent to each other or at a distance from each other in one or more rows may be arranged.
- the dimension of the common carrier 22 and / or the dimension of the surface formed by the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... may advantageously have a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and a length between 1 mm and 6 mm.
- FIG. 11 shows a tenth embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention.
- a carrier 22 with the moisture sensor 2 and two sensors 4a, 4b are arranged.
- the sensor arrangement 10 has a heat source 14, which is arranged within the measuring chamber 3.
- the heat source 14 is formed in this embodiment as a Peltier element, but may alternatively be a heating coil or other known from the prior art heat source.
- the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 can be predetermined via the heat source 14 or heat are emitted from the heat source 14 to the measuring object 5. By predetermining the temperature, it is possible to force a vaporization rate out of the measurement object 5 and thereby, for example, increase or predetermine an increased output of the substance or substances measured by the sensors 4a, 4b.
- the measuring chamber 3, the wall 31 thereof, as well as the sensors 4a, 4b arranged in the measuring chamber 3, the moisture sensor 2, optionally the carrier 22, or other sensors located in the measuring chamber 3 can be heated via the heat source 14. By heating the measuring chamber 3, this can be sterilized before or after use and freed of undesirable substances.
- milling or louvers may be formed which cause a thermal separation of the sensors 4a, 4b, .. with each other and / or to the other sensors such as the temperature sensor or the humidity sensor.
- FIG. 12 shows an eleventh embodiment of the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention.
- a light source 15 or radiation source with a predetermined spectrum and an optical sensor 18 are arranged within the measuring chamber 3, in this embodiment, on the inside of the measuring chamber 3 opposite the measuring object 5, a light source 15 or radiation source with a predetermined spectrum and an optical sensor 18 are arranged.
- the light source 15 or radiation source is directed onto the region of the surface of the measurement object 5 which is closed by the measurement chamber 3 and radiates light in a defined spectrum to the surface of the measurement object 5.
- the optical sensor 18 is likewise directed to the region of the surface of the measuring object 5 which is closed off by the measuring chamber 3, and the spectrum of the optical sensor 18 overlaps the optical spectrum of the light source 15 in an overlapping region.
- the overlapping region of the two spectra of the light source 15 and of the optical sensor 18 is selected such that the absorption or reflection in the presence of a substance within the measuring chamber 3 is increased or reduced in relation to the absorption or reflection in the absence of the substance in the overlapping region.
- the measuring chamber 3 is subdivided into three partial areas 34a, 34b and 34c. In the partial area 34a, two sensors 4a and 4b are arranged on the wall of the partial area 34a. In the Subarea 34b, two sensors 4e and 4f are also arranged in the region of the wall of the portion 34b.
- the humidity sensor 2 two sensors 4c and 4d and a temperature sensor 7 are arranged.
- the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f, the humidity sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 7 are each connected to the processing unit 40 and deliver the measured values to them.
- a respiratory gas measurement can be carried out by placing the sensor arrangement 10 in the oral cavity and thus detecting gases along the trachea.
- the different sections of the measuring chamber 3 thus allow a different detection of substances at different positions.
- the sensor arrangement 10 according to the invention can be expanded by two contact electrodes 37, which are arranged in at least one wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.
- the contact electrodes 37 are preferably arranged on the end face 36 of the area of the measuring chamber 3 facing the surroundings, which is placed on the measuring object 5.
- the electrodes allow an impedance measurement via the measurement object.
- the contact electrodes 37 may alternatively contact two electrodes arranged in the cover cap 20 and enable an impedance measurement or electrical stimulation of the measurement object via the cover cap 20.
- FIGS. 27 to 36 show various embodiments of the contact electrodes 37.
- the contact electrodes 37 may have a circular cross-section and may be arranged at the edges of the measuring chamber 3, which is rectangular in cross-section (FIG. 27) or circular (FIG. 28).
- the contact electrodes 37 may also define a side wall of the measuring chamber 3 (FIG. 29) or be arranged on this side wall or be embedded in the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3 (FIG. 30).
- the contact electrodes 37 lie, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 31, with the wall 31 or the measuring chamber 3 flat on the measurement object and thus allow electrical contact with the surface of the measurement object.
- the contact electrodes 37 may also form the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3.
- the contact electrodes 37 form an electrical connection between the measuring device 100 and the measuring object and can transmit electrical signals from the measuring device 100 to the measuring object or vice versa.
- the measuring chamber 3 may also be coated with an electrically conductive metal that forms the contact electrodes 37.
- a development of the sensor arrangement 10 provides that at least two, preferably rounded, cap pins are arranged in or on at least one wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3. Cap pins are, for example, pins with a rounded end or similarly formed pins. When the sensor arrangement 10 rests on the measurement object 5, a measurement can be made between the two contact electrodes 37 via the cap pins, which are connected to the contact electrodes 37.
- the cappins can also be spring-loaded and thus prevent excessively high pressure on the skin and associated injuries and / or establish the secure contact of possible covering caps.
- the capacitance change and / or change in resistance and / or the voltage indexing and / or voltage change between the contact electrodes 37 can be detected by means of the contact electrodes 37, and thus the placement of the sensor arrangement 10 or the measuring chamber 3 on the measurement object can be detected.
- the sensor arrangement 10 can have a timer or a timer with which the sequential scanning of the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c,... Of the humidity sensor 2 and / or the temperature sensor is enabled and coordinated. Furthermore, by means of the timer, the scanning of the individual sensors 4a, 4b, 4c .. be adapted to the gases or substances to be measured and the gases with higher propagation velocity or diffusion rate through the measurement object 5 or the skin faster or before the gases with less Propagation speed or diffusion rate can be detected by the measurement object 5 or the skin.
- 14 shows a measuring device 100 according to the invention with a sensor arrangement 10.
- the sensor arrangement 10 can be designed in accordance with one of the embodiments 1 to 12 (FIGS. 1 to 13).
- the bulges 201 in contrast to an alternative planar embodiment, increase the surface area and thereby make it possible to arrange a larger number of electrodes 41 or sensors 4a, 4b, ... or to perform direction-dependent measurements close to the same space.
- the carrier body 42 consists of rough porous Al 2 0 3 .
- two bulges 201 are shown, of which the two outer bulges 201 a and 201 c are coated with a metal layer. This metal layer is vapor-deposited or sputtered onto the carrier body 42 during production, for example.
- the central bulge 201 b Due to the internal structure of the carrier body 42, the central bulge 201 b has a porous basic structure which is filled with a substance 43, in the present case sodium chloride NaCl.
- the salt layer to the carrier body 42 by means of a spray coating method.
- the salt dissolved in a solvent in particular in a vacuum
- a mist of the solution forms in the region above the carrier body 42, which precipitates on the rotated carrier body 42 and forms a very thin salt layer 132
- Another possibility for applying salt to the carrier body 42 is to spray or inject a salt solution in liquid or gaseous form under high pressure into the carrier body 42.
- a positionable print head for aligning the steam or liquid jet can be used on the carrier body 42.
- the solution arrives very well in pores 44 of deeper layers of the carrier body 42. As shown in FIG.
- the base body has a number of channels 131 connecting a plurality of pores 44, which are filled with this substance.
- the metal layer that covers the two outer bulges 201 a, 201 c, has a number of pores or micro-recesses 133 which are filled with the substance 43.
- the metal itself may be porous.
- many metals have a rough surface, which is sufficient to have enough micro-bumps or small holes where the salt can anchor.
- the entire sensor 4, comprising the carrier body 42, the metal coatings on the two outer bulges 201 a, 201 c and the middle, filled with salt bulge 201 b is covered with a salt layer 132 and covered.
- the salt layer 132 which consists of sodium chloride NaCl, is in communication with the salt-filled channels 131 and the salt fractions located in the recesses 133.
- the two metal layers form electrodes 41, on which an alternating voltage can be applied, whereby a current flow or a charge shift between the two electrodes 41 can be measured.
- the outer contacting that the salt layer at the point of contact with the outer feed line does not completely cover the electrodes 41, so that an immediate contacting of the feed line with the metal layer is possible.
- the salt introduction is usually the last production step. Subsequent steps to apply insulation are possible if the insulation is permeable to water vapor.
- platinum is used in this embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein the carrier body 42 has a finer surface structure.
- a carrier body 42 As a carrier body 42, a finer high- or deadblown alumina Al 2 0 3 is used, which has a smaller pore size, than the aluminum oxide used in FIG. 15.
- two electrodes 41 On the surface of the support consisting of alumina body 42, two electrodes 41, consisting of gold, arranged.
- the gold layer forming the electrodes 41 has superficially porous recesses 133.
- salt 43 ' is present in channels 131 of the porous carrier material of the carrier body 42.
- the gold electrodes need not be porous.
- the normal surface roughness for anchoring the salt layer 132 on the electrodes 41 suffices because microholes and unevenness in the manufacturing process of the electrodes 41 naturally occur and are statistically distributed.
- These salt channels extend to the surface of the carrier body 42, on which the two electrodes 41 are arranged, namely, vapor-deposited or sputter-coated.
- the senor 4 is completely coated with a layer of sodium chloride in this embodiment as well.
- This layer of sodium chloride communicates with the sodium chloride in the channels 131 and also fills the recesses 133 in the metal layers of the electrodes 41.
- a contacting of the electrodes 41 takes place analogously to the embodiment of FIG. 15.
- the electrodes 41 are separated by elevations and / or depressions formed on the carrier 22, so that a mixing of the substances 43 can be prevented.
- the carrier body 42 may additionally have these pores 44 passing through completely, wherein preferably a portion of the pores 44 are permeable to the vapor or haze containing a substance or to the substance itself and are not or only partially filled with the substance 43.
- the sensor 4 is connected with its two electrodes 41 to an AC voltage source which applies a voltage of approximately 2 mV, typically from 100 mV to 1 V, to the two electrodes 41.
- the impressed AC voltage has, for example, a frequency of 35 kHz to 5 MHz.
- a current measuring device can be connected in series with the sensor 4.
- the substance penetrates into the salt layer 132 as well as into the underlying pores 44.
- the absorption of the substance in the pores 44 ensures that both the conductivity and the permittivity increase locally in the channels 131 as well as in the salt layer 132.
- the inclusion of the substance changes the pore geometry, so that the capacitance or conductance of the entire sensor 4 changes.
- FIG. 17 Another embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 17 comprises a plurality of electrodes 41 made of a porous material or made of a material having recesses on the surface. These recesses are, like the pores 44 of the carrier body 42, filled with salt. In this case, an additional increase in the capacitance or the conductance can be achieved via the inclusion or incorporation of salt crystals in the electrodes 41.
- FIGS. 18 to 20 show a sensor 4, the carrier body 42 of which is completely interspersed with channels 131 with salt coating in the region between the two electrodes 41.
- the carrier body 42 has an opening 81, which forms an analysis space 83 when placed on a moisture-emitting body.
- This opening 20 has, in particular the shape of a trough. The size of this tub determines the Analysis room 83, with quite different tub sizes and tub shapes are possible.
- a device for measuring the conductance or the capacitance directly on the carrier body 42.
- a current measuring device or a voltage source are formed on the substrate which is in contact with the carrier material of the carrier body 42.
- FIGS. 21 a and 21 b Another particular embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 21 a and 21 b.
- the trough-shaped openings 212, 213 are provided in the carrier body 42, which lie opposite one another on the carrier body 42.
- the porous subregion is filled with salt 43 'in each case up to a predetermined depth.
- both trays have a salt layer 132 in their bottom area.
- a plurality of comb-shaped electrodes 41 is provided between the carrier body 42 and the salt layer 132.
- the comb-shaped arrangement of the electrodes 41 is shown in Fig. 21 b, wherein on each of the two sides of the sensor 4 shown in Fig.
- each two interdigitated comb-shaped electrodes 41 are arranged on the surface of the support body 42 below the salt layer.
- the end regions 47 of the electrodes 41 form the terminals of the sensor 4.
- Each sensor shown in FIG. 17a has in each case four connections, namely two connections 47 for each of the two sides.
- the electrodes described may also be designed as 41 also as ion-selective field transistors ISFET, ion-selective electrodes or straight electrodes arranged parallel to one another.
- FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 Different configurations of a sensor according to the invention in plan view and in side view are shown in FIGS.
- the electrodes 41 are formed by metal cuboids, between which the porous material of the carrier body 42 is located.
- FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 basically have the same plan view; as shown in Fig. 23, on.
- the carrier material of the carrier body 42 is located both in the region below the electrodes 41 and also in the region directly between the electrodes 41.
- Salt is introduced substantially into the pores 21 1 in the carrier material of the carrier body 42 between the electrodes 41. Only individual pores in the region below the two electrodes 41 are filled with salt.
- a further embodiment of the invention, shown in Fig. 25, shows the two electrodes 41, which are placed on a carrier body, that is vapor-deposited or sputtered. In the immediate intermediate region between the two electrodes is a superficially adhering to the carrier body, located outside the pores salt layer. In the area below this salt layer, the pores are filled with the salt 43 '.
- FIG. 26 shows a sensor 4 with two electrodes 41, which are applied to a carrier body 42.
- the ambient air can flow directly to the carrier body 42.
- the pores 44 in the intermediate region between the two electrodes 41 are filled with salt 43.
- the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, .... may be designed as gas sensors, particle sensors or molecular sensors, wherein gas sensors known from the prior art, particle sensors or molecular sensors can be used.
- the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... are designed such that the following gases can be detected:
- Chlorodifluorophosphorus oxide POCIF 2 chlorine dioxide CI0 2 , chloroethane C 2 H 5 Cl, chloroethene C 2 H 3 Cl, chloroethine C 2 HCl, chlorofluoride CIF, chlorofluoromethane CH 2 CIF, chloroheptafluoropropane-2 C 3 CIF 7 , chlorohexafluoropropane-1 -1, 1 , 2,3,3,3 C 3 HCIF 6 , chlorohexafluoropropane-2-1, 1, 1, 3,3,3 C 3 HCIF 6 , chloromethane CH 3 Cl, chlorine monoxide Cl 2 O, chlorofluoroethane-1 -1 C 2 H 4 CIF, chloropentafluoroacetone C 3 CIF 5 , chloropentafluoroethane C 2 CIF 5 , chloropentafluoride CIF 5 , chloropentafluoropropene-2-1, 1, 3,3,3-1 C 3 C 3
- Hexafluorobutin-1, 1, 1, 4, 4 , 4-2 C 4 F 6 Hexafluorocyclobutene C 4 F 6, hexafluoroethane C 2 F 6, hexafluoromethanediamine CF 6 N 2, hexafluoropropane 1, 1, 1, 2,2,3 C 3 H 2 F 6, hexafluoropropane 1, 1, 1, 2,3, 3 C 3 H 2 F 6, hexafluoropropane 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3 C 3 H 2 F 6, hexafluoropropane-1, 1, 2,2,3,3 C 3 H 2 F 6, hexafluoropropene C 3 F 6, hexafluoropropylene oxide C 3 F 6 O, hexafluorotrifluoromethylpropane-1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-2 C 4 HF 9, iodine heptafluoride IF 7 .
- Hydrogen iodide Hl carbon dioxide C0 2 , 13 C0 2, carbon monoxide CO, krypton Kr, air-dry, methane CH 4, methanethiol CH 4 S, methylamine CH 5 N, methylarsine CH 5 As, methyl bromide CH 3 Br, methylchlorosilane CH 5 CISi , Methylcyclopropane C 4 H 8, methylgerman CH 6 Ge, methylnitrite CH 3 NO 2, methylphosphine CH 5 P, methylsilane CH 6 Si, methylstannane CH 6 Sn, methyltrifluoromethyl ether C 2 H 3 F 3 0, methyl vinyl ether C 3 H 6 O, monochlorosilane SiH 3 Cl, neon Ne, nitrile chloride N0 2 Cl, nitrile fluoride N0 2 F, nitrosyl bromide NOBr, nitrosyl chloride NOCI, nitrosyl fluoride NOF, oct
- Thiothionyl fluoride SSF 2 Thiothionyl fluoride SSF 2 .
- pH indicators (acid-base titrations) pH
- MOX Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- Pellistor e.g. wound platinum wire hydrogen
- Group IV lyases (synthases) heme iron (pronounced iron), it can be
- Enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), yeast and / or glucose
- the 3 shows a sensor arrangement 10 which is applied to a measurement object 5, in this embodiment the skin of a person.
- the wall 31 of the measuring chamber 3 lies gas-tight on the measuring object or skin and thus forms a gas-tight measuring chamber 3.
- From the skin or the object of measurement 5 continuously occur water vapor and other substances, which are enriched in the measuring chamber 3.
- TEWL transepidermal water loss
- the moisture sensor 2 detects the moisture value within the measuring chamber 3 and transmits it to the processing unit 40, for example a microcontroller.
- the sensors 4a and 4b detect the value of a substance within the measuring chamber 3, For example, sulfur and carbon dioxide, and pass these values detected to the processing unit 40 on.
- the processing unit 40 determines the TEWL value by means of the moisture measured by the moisture sensor 2 and normalizes it to predefined conditions, eg 20 ° C., 40% atmospheric humidity. This makes it possible to eliminate special premises where measurements are carried out under identical measuring conditions in order to achieve comparability of the measured values.
- the TEWL value and corresponding reference measurements or conversion tables stored on the measuring device 100 the content of the substance, for example of the carbon dioxide and / or of the sulfur, can then be calculated by the processing unit 40.
- the measurement object 5 may also be directly human or animal blood or other body fluids.
- a measurement of the temperature within the measuring chamber 3 can be detected by a corresponding measuring arrangement 10 and used in addition to the calculation of the blood gases or the content of a substance in the measuring object 5 or stored as a separate temperature value with the moisture values.
- the gases or substances located in the vicinity of the measuring chamber 3 or introduced into the measuring chamber 3 can also be taken into account.
- an image of the position of the measuring chamber 3 during the measurement is taken by means of a camera or an optical sensor integrated in the sensor arrangement and this is used to assess the correct measuring conditions, in particular the correct position or the measuring point itself.
- the position of the measuring chamber 3 or its orientation can preferably be determined by automated image recognition of contours and objects in the camera image.
- a suction device 9 (FIG. 5) a defined part of the contents or a defined volume of the measuring chamber 3 is sucked off, for example via the opening 32 or 33, thus enriching unwanted substances or an increasing concentration of a measuring element Stoffes is prevented.
- the suction can be done in particular via a filter 8 to avoid discharge of certain substances.
- the duration of the measurement can also record and record the time profile of the content of the substance, in particular a gas concentration become.
- the time course for assessing the evaporation rate or the absorption or release of a substance by the measurement object 5 can be used.
- averaging can be used to filter out pulsating disturbances, such as muscle contractions or skin reactions due to external influences such as wind.
- an evaporation rate of the measurement object or the skin of a person or an animal is predetermined by a heat source 14 arranged in the measuring chamber 3.
- the temperature can be increased to a certain value or a temperature profile in the measuring chamber 3 can be forced.
- the maximum temperature and the heat input per time may be limited in order to avoid injury to the skin or damage to the measurement object.
- the measuring chamber 3, the sensors 4a, 4b, the moisture sensor 2 or other objects located in the measuring chamber 3 can be heated by means of a heat source such as a Peltier element, thus sterilizing or disinfecting the measuring chamber 3.
- a heat source such as a Peltier element
- the moisture, temperature and / or chlorine content, in particular rate of decrease of the chlorine, and / or the skin surface water, the content of a substance in the vicinity of the measuring chamber 3 and the measuring object 5 can be determined and these are taken into account for the calculation of the content of one or more substances in the measurement object 5. This can be done for example by difference method.
- gas or a defined substance can be introduced into the measuring chamber 3 and thus the measurement of the change in concentration of the introduced gases is determined.
- the propagation velocity of the gas or of the substance can be determined by measuring the time duration from the beginning of the measurement to the first detection of the substance. Over the specific period of time, the propagation velocity of the gas or of the substance can then be determined, via the known distance of the sensor 4 to the measurement object, which is then compared with the propagation velocity of the gases to be determined.
- Table 1 gives a selection of gases which are measured, for example. Each of these gases has a different propagation speed. To determine which gas is determined, at least one selective sensor for the substance containing the gas is used. From the presence of this at least one substance and the specific propagation speed can then be deduced the exact gas and its concentration.
- two or more substances contained in a gas may be measured to detect more comparison values and, for example, to compensate for a less accurate propagation velocity measurement.
- plastic properties of cubic body-centered metals such as ⁇ iron, are used to determine carbon and nitrogen levels in the range of a few ppm and less.
- the permeability over time is measured at several points in time, it being also determined for the respective points in time how large the change .DELTA..vertline.
- Of permeability is compared to a preceding time, preferably with a constant time interval at the time of measurement.
- This change ⁇ depends on the change in concentration of the substance to be measured in the region of the sensor compared to the last measurement time. For this reason, the total concentration of the substance in the sensor can be determined by summing the individual determined changes in concentration. The concentration changes depend on an experimentally determined constant (see formulas above), on the characteristic of the measuring chamber and on the maximum permeability of the material of the sensor at maximum saturation with the substance to be measured.
- the nitrogen of the ambient air can be determined, for example, at the start time and subtracted accordingly to determine only the release of the nitrogen of the measurement object.
- the measurement of the magnetic aftereffect allows a simple determination of carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
- a further embodiment uses non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors, wherein by forming the integral of the permeability of the gas to be analyzed for infrared radiation over time and through peak area determination, the element or material and its concentration can be deduced.
- NDIR non-dispersive infrared
- the sampling rate is adapted to the expected rate of change of the concentration.
- a sampling rate in the range of more than 1 MHz, in particular more than 100 MHz is used.
- a detoxification of the measuring chamber 3 can be achieved by introducing a disinfectant or neutralizing agent
- a further alternative step of the method provides that, after the measurement has been carried out, the concentration or the content of one or more substances depends on the determined content of the substance within the measurement object is determined a dose for the administration of an active substance and / or a mixture of active substances to the measurement object.
- the particular dose may then further serve, for example, as a basis for the administration of an active substance.
- the determined dose can likewise be delivered to the measurement object over a predetermined period of time or at predetermined time intervals.
- the placenta increases with progressive growth of the fetus and consists of a child and maternal proportion.
- the maternal placenta is connected to the fetus via the umbilical cord.
- the embryo draws oxygen, nutrients and fluid from the mother's blood, and waste products from the child's metabolism are returned via the placenta.
- the two bloodstreams are separated by a thin membrane, so that the maternal and the child's blood do not mix.
- the sensor arrangement 10 or the measuring device 100 is designed to measure the content of substances in the placenta.
- the following sensors are preferably arranged in the measuring chamber 3:
- heavy metal sensors e.g., Pb, As, Cd
- the measuring device 100 or the sensor arrangement 10 is placed on the abdomen of the mother, preferably on the area of the abdomen above the placenta or alternatively on the breast of the woman, preferably on the mammary glands.
- the position of the placenta can be previously determined by ultrasound in order to obtain an optimal position or an optimal measuring point in relation to the placenta.
- Preferred measuring points for the measurement are on the abdomen near the placenta where the baby has nested or the area of the skin on the nipples and above the milk ducts to allow for pregnant conclusions on the fetus and a non-invasive examination of the fetus. In doing so, the waste products can be removed from the child Metabolism are measured, optionally measuring the materials of the mother.
- a glucose measuring device is provided in the measuring chamber 3 by arranging a moisture sensor 2 or a TEWL sensor and a further sensor 4 designed as a glucose sensor.
- the temperature in the measuring chamber 3 is brought by means disposed in the measuring chamber 3 heat source 15 above a threshold temperature to bring the human skin for targeted sweating.
- sweat is u.a. Contain glucose in dissolved form.
- the content of glucose in the sweat is measured and transmitted to the processing unit 40.
- the amount of liquid or sweat is detected by the moisture sensor 2 or the TEWL sensor and also transmitted to the processing unit 40.
- the glucose value can be determined, for example, separately or in combination in the following steps:
- the determination of glucose can be carried out according to the following principle:
- Oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase an enzyme that catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of the Ci carbon of the sugar. This produces gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide.
- the gluconic acid is spontaneously or enzymatically produced by gluconolactonase from the lactone.
- the hydrogen peroxide is then reduced to water in a downstream color reaction. This color reaction is catalyzed by a peroxidase (POD) - mostly horseradish peroxidase. Therefore, sometimes the "GOD / POD test" is mentioned
- the hydrogen peroxide formed can be used to quantify, ie to determine the exact concentration, of the glucose.
- the temperature in the measuring chamber 3 is increased and maintained by means of the heat source 14 to at least 24 ° C., preferably 25 ° C.
- the framework conditions of the measurement are determined.
- the measuring chamber 3 or placing a cap 20 the already located on the surface sweat can be removed, for example by pressure / pressing a cover 60 and the cap 20 or by cleaning the measuring point before the measurement.
- any existing surface bacteria or defects of the skin can additionally be determined, so that these influences can be taken into account in the measurement or the measurement can be repeated at another, more suitable measuring point.
- the measuring chamber 3 for measuring the blood sugar level or the measurement of blood gases by means of an open-pore ceramic carrier or silicon with defined holes or plastic film, e.g. Cover PETG with pores or holes or the glucose sensor or generally the sensors 4a, 4b, 4c, ... equip it.
- the diameter of the pores, holes or braids may be chosen, for example, depending on the size of the desired molecule (see Table 2).
- the diameter of the pores or microholes 14 of the cover 60 or cap 20 is advantageously chosen to be less than 60 nm in order to ensure that no virus can pass through the cover 60 or reach the sensors.
- Normalizing the TEWL value additionally detects the ambient temperature and ambient humidity
- This TEWL value is called TEWLNorml
- This TEWL standard1 is 4-8 depending on the body region in the skin area are g / m 2 h.
- the glucose value is normalized with the TEWL value and then normalized to the blood value.
- the glucose value is to be measured in several ways, or measured in parallel by a plurality of glucose sensors.
- the measuring point ie the location of the measurement on the measurement object, is cleaned before and / or after the measurement by means of a disinfectant.
- the minimum contact surface, for example the area of the end face 36, of the measuring chamber 3 on the test object is between 2 mm 2 and 30 mm 2 .
- the size of the bearing surface of the measuring chamber 3 allows the measuring object or the covering cap 20 to smooth the measuring object, thereby preventing deformation of the measuring object or the skin or a change in the distance of the sensor to the skin during the measurement.
- the measuring chamber 3 is partially covered by means of at least one web 38 (see FIG. 33) or a grid.
- Distance between the web 38 and the wall 31 and between the grid elements is advantageously less than 4mm. This cover becomes an unwanted
- the finger diameter of an adult is greater than 7.5mm, so that such a finger guard allows the measuring chamber 3, that the smallest structures of the
- Measuring object especially fingertips, do not get into the measuring chamber 3.
- asymmetrically formed measuring chamber 3 length and width is different
- the fingertip can not get into the measuring chamber 3.
- a grid structure or a division of the measuring chamber 3 into partial areas, each with a small size, can likewise produce such a "maximum” opening (see FIG. 34).
- the measuring chamber can also have a plurality of partial regions 34a, 34b,..., which are separated from one another by means of gastight webs 39 or webs 39 which are not permeable to gas during the period of the measurement.
- FIG. 35 shows two equally large subregions 34a, 34b which are separated in the middle by a web 39.
- Fig. 36 the embodiment shown in Fig. 35 in plan view. Both partial areas 34a, 34b are of equal size and square, the width or the length of the edges of the partial areas 34a, 34b being smaller than 4 mm in each case.
- FIG. 36 shows a further embodiment with four partial regions 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d.
- the individual subregions 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d are each separated by webs 39 and likewise of the same size.
- Each of the partial areas 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d has a maximum width and / or length of 4 mm. Alternatively, however, the subregions 34a, 34b, ... may also have different dimensions.
- the subregions 34a, 34b,... When placed on the object to be measured, the subregions 34a, 34b,..., In turn, form gastightly separate submeasure chambers in which different sensors 4 can then optionally again be arranged and different substances or gases can be detected.
- Each subregion 34a, 34b,... has a cross section with a width between 1 mm and 6 mm and / or a length between 1 mm and 6 mm. Further advantageously, the distance between the sensors 4a, 4b, ..., in particular the support plate 22, from the end of the portions 34a, 34b, ... 0.2mm to 2mm amount.
- Each of the subregions 34a, 34b,... May optionally consist of different carrier materials, it being possible for semiconductor and ceramic carriers to be advantageously combined and also to be applied to a common carrier.
- a further embodiment of the sensor arrangement provides that at least one Substanzeinbringshim is provided in the measuring chamber 3, wherein by means of Substance injection unit, a contrast agent and / or a fluorescent agent and / or a disinfectant in the measuring chamber 3 can be introduced.
- Particles or gases leaving the measurement object can be present in very small numbers, for example at 0.03 ppm.
- special methods can be used to measure them quantitatively and / or qualitatively. This is done, for example, by applying a substance via the substance introduction unit, for example in the form of an atomizer or spray or by means of a nozzle, onto the measurement object itself or as nanopowder or particle, gas or mist being introduced into the measurement chamber 3.
- the particle or gas to be measured reaches this substance or substances, one or more particles of the substance are incorporated into and / or adhere to the gas or particle to be measured, thereby allowing easier identification and / or enumeration of the substance and thus an indirect one Measurement of the stored particle.
- the advantage of this method is that the solid and / or liquid and / or gaseous substance is applied immediately before or during the measurement and therefore may also contain very volatile substances.
- hemoglobin may be assembled in the form of a coordination compound to increase contrast and visibility. This is done, for example, by attaching the oxygen-binding heme group, such as for human objects heme b of the red blood cells, to an incorporated iron atom and thus the iron atom provides a contrast agent for hemoglobin recognition. The hemoglobin then becomes "ironier" and thus more easily detectable. This iron then allows, for example, an electrical measurement by means of conductivity or a magnetic measurement due to the attachment in the heme group.
- the oxygen-binding heme group such as for human objects heme b of the red blood cells
- metals may also be used as a coordination compound for other biologicals, for example aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, cadmium, cerium, europium, gadolinium and terbium.
- a suitable substance or substances is selected for the substance to be detected which binds these, for example in the form of building blocks which have a specific structure and properties and with the substance to be detected Adhesion, reaction or incorporation takes place and thus at least positively changes a property to be detected.
- These substances may preferably be fluorescence agents which are then determined via a fluorescence sensor arranged in the measuring chamber.
- fluorescers examples are:
- P-dots Polymers and polymer dots (P-dots), advantages: bright fluorescence, high emission rate, excellent photostability, no blinking and lack of toxicity.
- the measuring chamber 3 may consist of a material with little or no material outgassing and / or loss of material and / or an inert material. Outgassing of particles or molecules or absorption of particles or substances from the measuring chamber 3 could, depending on the concentration of the substance to be measured, distort the measurement result.
- the material of the measuring chamber 3 and its components is selected so that they store at no time particles or gases or outgas, since this is uncontrollable and not reproducible and depends on many environmental conditions and internal material conditions.
- the freedom from emissions of the measuring chamber 3 is preferably less than 0.5 ppm, so that no falsification of the measurement results even in the smallest concentrations of the substances to be measured in the measuring chamber 3 can take place.
- Preferred embodiments of the measuring chamber 3 have the following mechanical and material properties:
- the tracking resistance and the water absorption behavior is advantageously greater than 120 CTI.
- a fatigue strength of the measuring chamber allows that no corrosion of the measuring chamber and thus a falsification of the measurements occurs. This fatigue strength is also advantageous when replacing the cover cap 20 and when placing the measuring chamber on the measurement object for a reproducibility of the measurements.
- a high compressive strength of the measuring chamber 3 allows the pressure on the measuring chamber does not cause a change in the distance between the measuring object and the sensor.
- a coefficient of friction of the measuring chamber in particular with a coefficient of friction of less than 0.8, makes it possible that, when the covering cap 20 or the measuring chamber 3 is pushed onto the measuring object, no injuries of the measuring object occur and the measuring chamber 3 slides on the measuring object.
- the sliding friction or static friction of the measuring chamber and / or covering cap 20 is matched to the measuring object.
- the smoothness of the cap 20 allows for easier contacting of the electrodes as well as a low frictional resistance with the measurement object.
- a high heat capacity and high thermal conductivity of the measuring chamber 3 makes it possible to store the thermal energy distributed on the measuring chamber and thus to achieve a uniform heating of the measuring chamber 3, since the usually higher temperature of the measuring object leads to a continuous heating of the measuring chamber. Far is made possible so that the measuring chamber and the sensors, quickly assume the temperature of the measuring object and during the measurement no, possibly disturbing, temperature fluctuations occur. Preferably, the measuring chamber 3 assumes the temperature of the measuring object within less than 10 seconds.
- the material of the measuring chamber has a thermal conductivity which is greater than the thermal conductivity of the gases and / or substances for which the sensors. 4 are sensitive.
- Examples of the thermal conductivity of the gases or substances as well as the material of the measuring chamber can be found in Table 3.
- advantageous materials for the measuring chamber 3 or the wall 31 and their thermal conductivity from Table 3 can be seen.
- Corrosion resistance of the measuring chamber 3 prevents that the tissue of the measuring object is not affected, as well as no decomposition of the measuring chamber 3 done.
- An acid resistance and / or alkali resistance of the measuring chamber 3 makes it possible for an acid or alkali which may be present on the measuring object or the measuring object itself can not attack the measuring chamber 3. Furthermore, the use of various cleaning agents, which eliminate in particular in the measuring chamber remaining germs, allows
- An antibacterial effect of the measuring chamber 3 or the antibacterial coating is in the range between 1% and 99.999%. This allows bacteria not colonize the measuring chamber 3 or their number is greatly reduced, which allows easier cleaning, especially by heating.
- An emission freedom of the measuring chamber 3, in particular between 0 and 0.5 ppm, makes it possible that no falsification of the measurement results in the measuring chamber 3 takes place.
- the measuring chamber 3 consists of a biodegradable material and / or materials that can be heated in particular to at least 60 ° C to at least reduce or eliminate viruses and other germs that reach the measuring chamber 3.
- the advantages of the use of biodegradable materials lies in the decomposability and the harmless use and their disposal. Furthermore, the higher the measuring chamber 3 is heated and the longer this temperature is maintained, the more germs, viruses and bacteria are killed and thus a perfect composting possible.
- the heating also allows the rotting of the material can be selectively accelerated if the temperature exceeds a certain threshold temperature according to the choice of material.
- Skin compatibility of the measuring chamber allows biocompatibility and / or sensitivity and / or specificity to be met and the measurement results of the sensors not affected or impaired. Furthermore, the measurement object does not lead to a defense reaction and thus to an undistorted measurement.
- specificity is understood as the probability that persons who do not suffer from the disease are also recognized as healthy in the test.
- Sensitivity in this context is understood as the probability that persons suffering from the disease are also recognized as ill in the test.
- a biocompatible design of the measuring chamber 3 is advantageous, since the human or animal measuring object recognizes the measuring chamber 3 and, in the absence of biocompatibility, would like to detach it and, for example, produces sweat with dissolved substances in order to remove the foreign body.
- the perspiration is uncontrollable and may contain any form of substance that varies depending on the toxicity, sensitivity and specificity of the material of the measuring chamber, and also depends on the condition of the measuring object itself. Without biocompatibility of the measuring chamber is also a triggering of allergies or causing wounds in the object of measurement possible.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA50432/2015A AT517281A1 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | Sensoranordnung |
PCT/EP2016/061839 WO2016189053A1 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-25 | Sensoranordnung |
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EP3302271A1 true EP3302271A1 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
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EP16724678.4A Withdrawn EP3302271A1 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-05-25 | Sensoranordnung |
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EP (1) | EP3302271A1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT517281A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016189053A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2018098510A1 (de) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | Peter Hagl | Mehrschichtige sensoranordnung zur ermittlung eines stoffgehalts in einem messgegenstand, insbesondere in einem körperteil |
DE202017106413U1 (de) * | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-30 | Sensirion Ag | Sensormodul, insbesondere zur Messung der Umgebungstemperatur, der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit und einer Gaskonzentration in der Umgebung des Sensormoduls |
CN107643328A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-30 | 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所 | 一种用于食品包装容器甲醛检测的贴片式气体传感器装置及其制备方法和应用 |
DE102018118110B4 (de) * | 2018-07-26 | 2023-01-05 | OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Sensorvorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung einer sensorvorrichtung |
DE102018119408A1 (de) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | Innovative Sensor Technology ISTAG | Filter für einen Feuchtesensor |
DE102018215145A1 (de) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | Courage + Khazaka Electronic Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Diffusionswiderstandes von technischen und biologischen Membranen |
DE102019204511A1 (de) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-01 | Courage + Khazaka Electronic Gmbh | Messvorrichtung zur Messung einer intensiven Messgröße |
DE102019205896B4 (de) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-09-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorvorrichtung zur Messung von Transpiration einer Pflanzenprobe |
DE102020120111A1 (de) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Elektronische Fußfessel und entsprechende Verfahren |
CN112885732B (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-09-22 | 深圳鹏瑞智能科技股份有限公司 | 一种多环境对比式Micro LED外延片瑕疵测量方法 |
CN113261978B (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-04-14 | 天津理工大学 | 自支撑石墨烯壁电极及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116746908B (zh) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-10-24 | 南京诺令生物科技有限公司 | 呼出气一氧化氮检测系统及其使用方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5984868A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-11-16 | Institute Of Occupational Safety And Health, Council Of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan | Device for measuring an absorbed dose of gas by skin and method therefor |
DE10203613A1 (de) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-21 | Ahlers Horst | Identifikationssystem |
GB0223274D0 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2002-11-13 | South Bank Univ Entpr Ltd | Method and equipment for measuring vapour flux from surfaces |
JP4952525B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-06-13 | オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 | 血中成分濃度測定装置および血中成分濃度測定方法 |
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2015
- 2015-05-28 AT ATA50432/2015A patent/AT517281A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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2016
- 2016-05-25 EP EP16724678.4A patent/EP3302271A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-05-25 WO PCT/EP2016/061839 patent/WO2016189053A1/de active Application Filing
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WO2016189053A1 (de) | 2016-12-01 |
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