EP3294996A1 - Turbomachine with magnetic bearing - Google Patents

Turbomachine with magnetic bearing

Info

Publication number
EP3294996A1
EP3294996A1 EP16733470.5A EP16733470A EP3294996A1 EP 3294996 A1 EP3294996 A1 EP 3294996A1 EP 16733470 A EP16733470 A EP 16733470A EP 3294996 A1 EP3294996 A1 EP 3294996A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
air
magnetic bearing
cooling system
turbomachine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16733470.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3294996B1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Grund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL16733470T priority Critical patent/PL3294996T3/en
Publication of EP3294996A1 publication Critical patent/EP3294996A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3294996B1 publication Critical patent/EP3294996B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/50—Bearings
    • F05D2240/51—Magnetic
    • F05D2240/515—Electromagnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbomachine, in particular a steam turbine according to the preamble of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a turbomachine.
  • a turbomachine according to the invention with a Magnetlageran ⁇ order is known for example from DE 10 2011 005 347 AI ⁇ known.
  • the main advantage of magnetic bearings lies in the non-contact and thus largely frictionless mounting of the rotor.
  • the magnetic bearing allows oil-free storage of the shaft.
  • the oil-free storage offers ⁇ special advantages in steam turbines, because this can be ensured that no oil enters the steam cycle of the steam turbine.
  • oil-free storage generally significantly reduces the risk of fire in turbomachinery.
  • Active magnetic bearings hereinafter referred to only as a magnetic bearing, heat due to design due to vortex ⁇ power losses.
  • additional heat ge ⁇ long and those of the magnetic bearing by a Fluidbeaufschla- supply the rotor with hot fluid heat.
  • FluidbeaufSchlagte Ro ⁇ tors are found for example in steam turbines. The rotor comes into contact with hot steam and warms up due to this. As a result of heat conduction, the heat reaches the magnetic bearing.
  • Magnetic bearings must therefore always be cooled in order to avoid unacceptably high temperatures. The cooling of the magnetic bearing is usually carried out by
  • Cooling air which is passed through the gap between the stator and the rotor of the magnetic bearing. At the cooling air are special requirements in terms of humidity and air purity to make, as humid or contaminated
  • Cooling air can cause damage to the magnetic bearing.
  • the cooling air is therefore consuming to prepare before they Cooling of the magnetic bearing can be used.
  • the Aufberei ⁇ processing is complex and expensive.
  • Fluidbeetzschlagten area prevents the magnetic bearing or at least reduced. As a cooling medium is doing the
  • Cooling air which is also used for magnetic bearing cooling is used.
  • the turbomachine according to the invention comprising a rotor which is mounted on at least one shaft end with an active Mag ⁇ netlager, wherein the rotor has a fluidbeauf- hit area and between the fluidbeaufschlagten area and the magnetic bearing at least one cooling fin is arranged on the rotor, and the magnetic bearing and the cooling fin are cooled by air, characterized in that two separate cooling systems are seen before ⁇ , of which the first cooling system provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing and wherein the second cooling system provides air for cooling the cooling fins.
  • the cooling of the rotor or the cooling fins can be controlled independently of the cooling of the magnetic bearing and thus each needs.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the first cooling system provides air with a higher air purity than the second cooling system, which serves to cool the cooling fin.
  • the cooling fin no cooling air with particularly high air quality is needed, so that this normal ambient air is usually sufficient.
  • a specific ⁇ elle treatment of cooling air for cooling the cooling fins is not necessary. Only the cooling air which is supplied by the ERS ⁇ th cooling system and designed to cool the Mag ⁇ netlagers is specially treated, in particular ge ⁇ purified and optionally dried. Because of this, only a significantly smaller amount of air must be supplied to the complex air treatment process. As a result, he considerable ⁇ costs for the air treatment can be saved.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the first cooling system comprises at least a blower / fan, and a fil ter for filtering the convenientlyge for cooling the magnetic bearing ⁇ introduced air.
  • the blower of the air mass senstrom can be regulated as required. The higher the temperature of the bearing, the greater must be the supplied cooling ⁇ mass flow to dissipate the amount of heat.
  • the air filter is used to clean the air and so in particular Ver ⁇ dirt in the form of solids from the air to filter so that they can not get into the magnetic bearing and this damage subsequently.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides to form the first cooling system as a redundant cooling system.
  • Redundant here means that the cooling system has a second parallel branch by a further blower and a further filter for filtering the ready for cooling the magnetic bearing exhibited air. In case of damage or a Ser ⁇ vice is thus ensured that there is always sufficient cooling of the magnetic bearing is ensured. In particular, a shutdown of the turbine due to a malfunction of the cooling system or a service of the cooling system is not neces ⁇ dig. By redundant system Trosi ⁇ reliability of the turbine engine is thus considerably increased.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the second cooling system has at least one fan.
  • the blower By the blower, the supplied air mass flow and thus the possible dissipated heat can be controlled as needed. As a result, only the actually required mass of air is always led to the cooling fin, which in turn can save energy costs.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the second cooling system is constructed as a redundant cooling system. This in turn ensures that it is always ensured in case of failure of the cooling system or during maintenance that a sufficient cooling mass flow reaches the cooling fin and thus the cooling fin and thus the rotor is sufficiently cooled. This in turn significantly increases the operational safety of the turbomachine.
  • an additional air filter may be provided in the second cooling system.
  • Such an air filter would be recommended, for example, for use in desert areas, as filtered by the air filter sand, which is located in the ambient air, and thus kept away from the rotor.
  • the inventive method for operating a Turboma ⁇ machine is characterized by the following process steps:
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an inventive device
  • FIG. 2 is a detail view of a turbomachine according to the invention.
  • the figures each show simplified and schematic Dar ⁇ positions that do not provide a full-scale reproduction is ⁇ .
  • Identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference numerals across the figures.
  • the turbomachine 1 shows a schematic view of an inventive ⁇ SEN turbomachine.
  • the turbomachine 1 comprises a rotor 2 on which at least one turbine stage 12 is arranged.
  • the rotor 2 is mounted at its shaft ends 3 with magnetic bearings 4.
  • the magnetic bearings 4 are designed as radial bearings.
  • a thrust bearing 13 is provided, which can also be designed as a magnetic bearing or as a conventional bearing.
  • cooling fins 6 are arranged on the rotor.
  • the cooling fins 6 may be, for example shrunk on the rotor, or mounted integrally with the rotor 2 ge ⁇ be customized. Both the magnetic bearings 4 and the cooling fins 6 are cooled by means of air.
  • the first cooling system 7 provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing 4 ready.
  • the second cooling system 8 provides air for cooling the cooling fins 6.
  • the air of the f th ⁇ cooling system 7 has a higher purity than air, the air provided by the second cooling system. 8 This is necessary because the magnetic bearings 4 are very SENS ⁇ Lich against moisture and dirt.
  • the air sucked in by the blowers 9 is cleaned by means of a filter 10. As a result, any solids contained in the air are separated. Subsequently, the thus treated air is supplied to the magnetic bearings 4.
  • the cooling air is passed through the gap 14 between the stator 15 and the rotor 15 of the magnetic bearing 4 and thereby cools the magnetic bearing 4.
  • the first cooling system 7 is executed as a redundant cooling system ⁇ , in a parallel branch, a second Ge ⁇ blower 9 and a second filter 10 for filtering the air provided for cooling the magnetic bearing 4 provided.
  • the redundant system increases the operational reliability of the machine Turboma ⁇ considerably and reduces downtime due to repairs or maintenance significantly.
  • the second cooling system 8 is formed as a redundant system ⁇ .
  • the fans 9, 11 of the first and second cooling system 7, 8 are preferably switched as needed. That is, it is only cooling air supplied to the magnetic bearing 4 and to the cooling fins 6, if this is necessary for thermal reasons. This can save considerable energy costs for operating the blower.
  • the inventive method for operating the turbomachine provides that permanently the temperature of the magnetic ⁇ bearing 4 is measured and compared with a predetermined temperature T soll . Only when the predetermined temperature T soll is exceeded is cooling air provided by the first cooling system 7. At this time, the magnetic bearing 4 already has an appropriate temperature, can be dispensed with the alswen ⁇ ended drying the air, as a deposition of the moisture from the air due to the high temperature of the magnetic bearing 4 can be excluded. As a result, the operating costs are further reduced because the air drying is associated with significant energy costs. When it falls below the predetermined temperature T to an interruption of the supply of cooling air through the first cooling system 7. A further cooling after falling below the temperature T is not necessary from a thermal viewpoint. This also ensures that moisture ⁇ speed from the cooling air can not be reflected on the magnetic bearing 4 and there ensures damage to the magnetic bearing 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the turbomachine 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the right-hand shaft end 3 of the rotor 2 is shown in the detail view.
  • FIG. 2 shows light again the two separate cooling systems 7, 8, wherein the first cooling system 7, the air for cooling the Mag ⁇ netlagers 4 provides and wherein the second cooling system 8, the air for cooling the cooling fins 6 provides.
  • three cooling fins are provided for cooling the rotor, which are shrunk onto the rotor 2.
  • the cooling air which is be ⁇ riding provided by the first cooling system 7, passes via a separate feed line to the magnetic bearing 4, and then flows through the bearing gap 14 between the stator 15 and the rotor 16 of the magnetic bearing 4.
  • the cooling air takes up a corresponding amount of heat and cools while the magnetic bearing 4.
  • the figure 2 only one fan for the individual cooling systems 7, 8 is shown in each case. As already explained, but the provision of redundant cooling systems is particularly advantageous to increase the loading ⁇ operational safety.
  • the first cooling system for cooling the magnetic bearing and the second cooling system for cooling the cooling fins can be significantly save energy costs.
  • the expensive preparation of the cooling air for cooling the magnetic bearings is reduced to a minimum.
  • the cooling of the cooling fins is done with largely unpurified air, which can be removed from the environment. Due to the design as redundant cooling systems, the reliability of the turbomachine is significantly increased he ⁇ .
  • the inventive method for operating the turbomachine can be dispensed with in addition to the drying of the cooling air for cooling the magnetic bearings, which additional energy costs can be saved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbomachine (1) comprising a rotor (2) which is supported on at least one shaft end (3) by means of an active magnetic bearing (4). At least one cooling lamella (6) is arranged on the rotor (2) between the rotor (2) region (5) to which a fluid is supplied and the magnetic bearing (4). Both the magnetic bearing (4) as well as the cooling lamella (6) are cooled by air. For cooling purposes, two separate cooling systems (7, 8) are provided, the first cooling system (7) of which provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing (4) and the second cooling system (8) of which provides air for cooling the cooling lamellae (6). The invention further relates to a method for operating such a turbomachine.

Description

Beschreibung description
Turbomaschine mit Magnetlagerung Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbomaschine, insbesondere eine Dampfturbine nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Turbomaschine. Eine erfindungsgemäße Turbomaschine mit einer Magnetlageran¬ ordnung ist beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2011 005 347 AI be¬ kannt. Der wesentliche Vorteil von Magnetlagern liegt in der kontaktfreien und damit weitgehend reibungslosen Lagerung des Rotors. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Magnetlagerung eine ölfreie Lagerung der Welle. Die ölfreie Lagerung bietet ins¬ besondere Vorteile bei Dampfturbinen, weil hierdurch sichergestellt werden kann, dass kein Öl in den Dampfkreislauf der Dampfturbine gelangt. Zudem wird durch die ölfreie Lagerung die Brandgefahr bei Turbomaschinen allgemein deutlich redu- ziert. The invention relates to a turbomachine, in particular a steam turbine according to the preamble of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a turbomachine. A turbomachine according to the invention with a Magnetlageran ¬ order is known for example from DE 10 2011 005 347 AI ¬ known. The main advantage of magnetic bearings lies in the non-contact and thus largely frictionless mounting of the rotor. In addition, the magnetic bearing allows oil-free storage of the shaft. The oil-free storage offers ¬ special advantages in steam turbines, because this can be ensured that no oil enters the steam cycle of the steam turbine. In addition, oil-free storage generally significantly reduces the risk of fire in turbomachinery.
Aktive Magnetlager, nachfolgend nur als Magnetlager bezeichnet, erwärmen sich konstruktionsbedingt aufgrund von Wirbel¬ stromverlusten. Zusätzlich kann durch eine Fluidbeaufschla- gung des Rotors mit heißem Fluid Wärme an die Magnetlager ge¬ langen und diese zusätzlich erwärmen. FluidbeaufSchlagte Ro¬ toren kommen beispielsweise bei Dampfturbinen vor. Der Rotor kommt dabei mit heißem Dampf in Kontakt und erwärmt sich auf Grund dessen stark. Infolge Wärmeleitung gelangt die Wärme an das Magnetlager. Magnetlager müssen daher stets gekühlt werden um eine unzulässig hohe Erwärmung zu verwmeiden. Die Kühlung der Magnetlager erfolgt dabei üblicherweise durch Active magnetic bearings, hereinafter referred to only as a magnetic bearing, heat due to design due to vortex ¬ power losses. In addition, additional heat ge ¬ long and those of the magnetic bearing by a Fluidbeaufschla- supply the rotor with hot fluid heat. FluidbeaufSchlagte Ro ¬ tors are found for example in steam turbines. The rotor comes into contact with hot steam and warms up due to this. As a result of heat conduction, the heat reaches the magnetic bearing. Magnetic bearings must therefore always be cooled in order to avoid unacceptably high temperatures. The cooling of the magnetic bearing is usually carried out by
Kühlluft, welche durch den Spalt zwischen Stator und Rotor des Magnetlagers hindurch geleitet wird. An die Kühlluft sind dabei besondere Anforderungen hinsichtlich Luftfeuchte und Luftreinheit zu stellen, da feuchte oder verunreinigte Cooling air, which is passed through the gap between the stator and the rotor of the magnetic bearing. At the cooling air are special requirements in terms of humidity and air purity to make, as humid or contaminated
Kühlluft zu einem Schaden am Magnetlager führen kann. Die Kühlluft ist daher aufwendig aufzubereiten, bevor sie zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers verwendet werden kann. Die Aufberei¬ tung ist aufwendig und kostspielig. Cooling air can cause damage to the magnetic bearing. The cooling air is therefore consuming to prepare before they Cooling of the magnetic bearing can be used. The Aufberei ¬ processing is complex and expensive.
Um die thermische Belastung durch die Wärmeleitung des Rotors zu reduzieren, sind (aus der DE 10 2008 045 654 AI bekannt) zwischen den fluidbeaufschlagten Bereichen und dem Magnetlager umlaufende Kühlrippen vorzusehen, die von einem Kühlmedium umströmbar sind, so dass ein Wärmestrom vom In order to reduce the thermal load by the heat conduction of the rotor, are (from DE 10 2008 045 654 AI known) between the fluidbeaufschlagten areas and the magnetic bearing circumferential cooling fins provide, which are flowed around by a cooling medium, so that a heat flow from
fluidbeaufschlagten Bereich zum Magnetlager verhindert oder zumindest reduziert wird. Als Kühlmedium wird dabei die Fluidbeaufschlagten area prevents the magnetic bearing or at least reduced. As a cooling medium is doing the
Kühlluft, welche auch zur Magnetlagerkühlung eingesetzt wird verwendet .  Cooling air, which is also used for magnetic bearing cooling is used.
Ausgehend vom Stand der Technik, ist es Aufgabe der Erfin- dung, eine Turbomaschine mit effizienterer Kühlung bereitzu¬ stellen. Des Weiteren ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Turbomaschine bereitzustellen . Die Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich der Turbomaschine nach den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Hin¬ sichtlich des Verfahrens wird die Aufgabe nach den Merkmalen des nebengeordneten Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung, die einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander einsetzbar sind, sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Starting from the prior art, it is an object of the inventions dung, a turbomachine with efficient cooling filters bereitzu ¬. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for operating such a turbomachine. The object is achieved with respect to the turbomachine according to the features of independent claim 1. With regard to the method, the problem is solved according to the features of independent claim 7. Further advantages and embodiments of the invention, which are used individually or in combination with each other, are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Turbomaschine, umfassend einen Rotor, welcher an wenigstens einem Wellenende mit einem aktiven Mag¬ netlager gelagert ist, wobei der Rotor einen fluidbeauf- schlagten Bereich aufweist und zwischen dem fluidbeaufschlagten Bereich und dem Magnetlager wenigstens eine Kühllamelle auf dem Rotor eingeordnet ist, und wobei das Magnetlager und die Kühllamelle mittels Luft gekühlt werden, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwei voneinander getrennte Kühlsysteme vor¬ gesehen sind, wovon das erste Kühlsystem Luft zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers bereitstellt und wobei das zweite Kühlsystem Luft zur Kühlung der Kühllamellen bereitstellt. Hierdurch kann die Kühlung des Rotors bzw. der Kühllamellen unabhängig von der Kühlung des Magnetlagers und damit jeweils bedarfsge¬ recht gesteuert werden. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, zu¬ nächst nur die Kühllamellen mit Kühlluft zu beaufschlagen und dem Magnetlager solange bis eine vorgegebene Temperatur am Magnetlager überschritten wird keine Kühlluft zuzuführen. The turbomachine according to the invention, comprising a rotor which is mounted on at least one shaft end with an active Mag ¬ netlager, wherein the rotor has a fluidbeauf- hit area and between the fluidbeaufschlagten area and the magnetic bearing at least one cooling fin is arranged on the rotor, and the magnetic bearing and the cooling fin are cooled by air, characterized in that two separate cooling systems are seen before ¬ , of which the first cooling system provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing and wherein the second cooling system provides air for cooling the cooling fins. hereby the cooling of the rotor or the cooling fins can be controlled independently of the cooling of the magnetic bearing and thus each needs. Thus, for example, it is possible to apply cooling air to the first ¬ only next and the magnetic bearing until a predetermined temperature is exceeded at the magnetic bearing is not supplied cooling air.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das erste Kühlsystem Luft mit einer höheren Luftreinheit be- reitstellt als das zweite Kühlsystem, welches zur Kühlung der Kühllamelle dient. Für die Kühllamelle wird keine Kühlluft mit besonders hoher Luftqualität benötigt, so dass hierfür die normale Umgebungsluft in der Regel ausreicht. Eine spezi¬ elle Aufbereitung der Kühlluft zur Kühlung der Kühllamellen ist nicht notwendig. Lediglich die Kühlluft, welche vom ers¬ ten Kühlsystem bereitgestellt wird und zur Kühlung des Mag¬ netlagers dient, wird speziell aufbereitet, insbesondere ge¬ reinigt und gegebenenfalls getrocknet. Aufgrund dessen muss nur eine deutlich geringere Luftmenge dem aufwendigen Luft- aufbereitungsprozess zugeführt werden. Hierdurch können er¬ hebliche Kosten für die Luftaufbereitung eingespart werden. An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the first cooling system provides air with a higher air purity than the second cooling system, which serves to cool the cooling fin. For the cooling fin no cooling air with particularly high air quality is needed, so that this normal ambient air is usually sufficient. A specific ¬ elle treatment of cooling air for cooling the cooling fins is not necessary. Only the cooling air which is supplied by the ERS ¬ th cooling system and designed to cool the Mag ¬ netlagers is specially treated, in particular ge ¬ purified and optionally dried. Because of this, only a significantly smaller amount of air must be supplied to the complex air treatment process. As a result, he considerable ¬ costs for the air treatment can be saved.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das erste Kühlsystem zumindest ein Gebläse/Lüfter, sowie ein Fil- ter zum Filtern der zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers bereitge¬ stellten Luft aufweist. Durch das Gebläse kann der Luftmas¬ senstrom je nach Bedarf geregelt werden. Je höher die Temperatur des Lagers wird, desto größer muss der zugeführte Kühl¬ massenstrom sein, um die Wärmemenge abzuführen. Der Luftfil- ter dient dazu, die Luft zu reinigen und so insbesondere Ver¬ schmutzungen in Form von Feststoffe aus der Luft zu filtern, damit diese nicht in das Magnetlager gelangen können und dieses nachfolgend beschädigen. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, das erste Kühlsystem als redundantes Kühlsystem auszubilden. Redundant heißt hierbei, dass das Kühlsystem einen zweiten parallelen Zweig aufweist, indem ein weiteres Gebläse und ein weiterer Filter zum Filtern der zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers bereitge- stellten Luft aufweist. Im Schadensfall oder bei einem Ser¬ vice ist somit sichergestellt, dass immer eine ausreichende Kühlung des Magnetlagers gewährleistet wird. Insbesondere is ein herunterfahren der Turbine aufgrund einer Störung des Kühlsystems oder eines Service des Kühlsystems nicht notwen¬ dig. Durch das redundante System wird somit die Betriebssi¬ cherheit der Turbomaschine erheblich erhöht. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the first cooling system comprises at least a blower / fan, and a fil ter for filtering the bereitge for cooling the magnetic bearing ¬ introduced air. By the blower of the air mass senstrom can be regulated as required. The higher the temperature of the bearing, the greater must be the supplied cooling ¬ mass flow to dissipate the amount of heat. The air filter is used to clean the air and so in particular Ver ¬ dirt in the form of solids from the air to filter so that they can not get into the magnetic bearing and this damage subsequently. Another embodiment of the invention provides to form the first cooling system as a redundant cooling system. Redundant here means that the cooling system has a second parallel branch by a further blower and a further filter for filtering the ready for cooling the magnetic bearing exhibited air. In case of damage or a Ser ¬ vice is thus ensured that there is always sufficient cooling of the magnetic bearing is ensured. In particular, a shutdown of the turbine due to a malfunction of the cooling system or a service of the cooling system is not neces ¬ dig. By redundant system Betriebssi ¬ reliability of the turbine engine is thus considerably increased.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das zweite Kühlsystem zumindest ein Gebläse aufweist. Durch das Gebläse kann der zugeführte Luftmassenstrom und damit die mögliche abzuführende Wärme bedarfsgerecht geregelt werden. Hierdurch wird immer nur die tatsächlich benötigte Luftmassenmenge zur Kühllamelle geführt, wodurch wiederum Energie- kosten eingespart werden können. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the second cooling system has at least one fan. By the blower, the supplied air mass flow and thus the possible dissipated heat can be controlled as needed. As a result, only the actually required mass of air is always led to the cooling fin, which in turn can save energy costs.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das zweite Kühlsystem als redundantes Kühlsystem aufgebaut ist . Hierdurch wird wiederum sichergestellt, dass es beim Ausfall des Kühlsystems oder bei Wartungsarbeiten stets gewährleistet ist, dass ein ausreichender Kühlmassenstrom zur Kühllamelle gelangt und so die Kühllamelle und damit den Rotor hinrei- chend gekühlt wird. Hierdurch wird wiederum die Betriebssi- cherheit der Turbomaschine erheblich erhöht. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the second cooling system is constructed as a redundant cooling system. This in turn ensures that it is always ensured in case of failure of the cooling system or during maintenance that a sufficient cooling mass flow reaches the cooling fin and thus the cooling fin and thus the rotor is sufficiently cooled. This in turn significantly increases the operational safety of the turbomachine.
Je nach Umgebungsbedingungen kann zusätzlich ein Luftfilter im zweiten Kühlsystem vorgesehen sein. Ein solcher Luftfilter würde sich beispielsweise bei einem Einsatz in Wüstengebieten empfehlen, da durch den Luftfilter Sand, welcher sich in der Umgebungsluft befindet, ausgefiltert und damit vom Rotor ferngehalten wird. Depending on the ambient conditions, an additional air filter may be provided in the second cooling system. Such an air filter would be recommended, for example, for use in desert areas, as filtered by the air filter sand, which is located in the ambient air, and thus kept away from the rotor.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Turboma¬ schine zeichnet sich durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte aus : The inventive method for operating a Turboma ¬ machine is characterized by the following process steps:
- Messen der Temperatur T des Magnetlagers;  - measuring the temperature T of the magnetic bearing;
- Vergleichen der gemessenen Temperatur T mit einer vorgege benen Temperatur Tsoll; - Bereitstellen von Kühlluft durch das erste Kühlsystem, sobald das Magnetlager die vorgegebene Temperatur Tsoll überschreitet . Das Verfahren bietet zwei wesentliche Vorteile. Zum einen wird nur dann Kühlluft bereitgestellt, wenn diese zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers notwendig ist. Hierdurch muss keine aufbe¬ reitete Kühlluft zum Lager geleitet werden, wenn dies die Temperatur des Magnetlagers noch gar nicht verlangt. Zum an- deren kann hierdurch auf die Trocknung der Kühlluft verzichtet werden, da die Feuchtigkeit sich nicht am Lager nieder¬ schlagen kann, da das Lager bereits eine hinreichend hohe Temperatur hat. Die aufwendige Trocknung der Kühlluft kann somit unterbleiben. Comparing the measured temperature T with a predetermined temperature T soll ; - Providing cooling air through the first cooling system as soon as the magnetic bearing exceeds the predetermined temperature T soll . The process offers two major advantages. On the one hand, cooling air is only provided if it is necessary for cooling the magnetic bearing. This does not sto ¬-refined cooling air must be directed to the camp, if not even require the temperature of the magnetic bearing. On the other hand, the drying of the cooling air can thereby be dispensed with, since the moisture can not be deposited on the bearing since the bearing already has a sufficiently high temperature. The complex drying of the cooling air can thus be omitted.
Eine Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens zum Betreiben der Turbomaschine sieht folgende Verfahrensschritte vor: An embodiment of the method for operating the turbomachine provides the following method steps:
- Messen der Temperatur T des Magnetlagers;  - measuring the temperature T of the magnetic bearing;
Vergleichen der gemessenen Temperatur T mit einer vorgege- benen Temperatur Tsoll; Comparing the measured temperature T with a predetermined temperature T soll ;
- Unterbrechen der Bereitstellung von Kühlluft durch das  - interrupting the provision of cooling air through the
erste Kühlsystem, sobald das Magnetlager die vorgegebene Temperatur Tsoll unterschreitet. Durch das Abschalten der Kühlluft beim Unterschreiten der Temperatur Tsoll wird vermieden, dass Feuchtigkeit aus der Kühlluft sich am Lager niederschlagen kann. Das Ausschalten der Kühlluft erfolgt dabei sobald das Kühllager die Tempera¬ tur soii unterschritten hat und damit eine Kühlung des Lagers aus thermischen Gründen nicht mehr notwendig ist. first cooling system as soon as the magnetic bearing falls below the predetermined temperature T soll . By switching off the cooling air when falling below the temperature T soll is avoided that moisture from the cooling air can be reflected in the camp. The switching off of the cooling air is carried out as soon as the cooling store has the tempera ¬ tur so ii has fallen below and thus cooling of the bearing for thermal reasons is no longer necessary.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Beispiels erläu¬ tert. Es zeigt: Figur 1 den schematischen Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen The invention will by way of example erläu ¬ tert. FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an inventive device
Turbomaschine ;  Turbo machine;
Figur 2 eine Detailansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbomaschine . Die Figuren zeigen jeweils vereinfachte und schematische Dar¬ stellungen, die nicht eine maßstabsgetreue Wiedergabe dar¬ stellen. Gleiche bzw. funktionsgleiche Bauteile werden figur- übergreifend mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Figure 2 is a detail view of a turbomachine according to the invention. The figures each show simplified and schematic Dar ¬ positions that do not provide a full-scale reproduction is ¬. Identical or functionally identical components are provided with the same reference numerals across the figures.
Figur 1 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemä¬ ßen Turbomaschine. Die Turbomaschine 1 umfasst einen Rotor 2 auf dem wenigstens eine Turbinenstufe 12 angeordnet ist. Der Rotor 2 ist an seinen Wellenenden 3 mit Magnetlagern 4 gelagert. Die Magnetlager 4 sind als Radiallager ausgeführt. Des Weiteren ist ein Axiallager 13 vorgesehen, welches ebenfalls als Magnetlager oder als konventionelles Lager ausgeführt werden kann. Zwischen den fluidbeaufschlagten Bereichen 5 und den Magnetlagern 4 sind Kühllamellen 6 auf dem Rotor angeordnet. Die Kühllamellen 6 können beispielsweise auf dem Rotor aufgeschrumpft, angebaut oder einstückig mit dem Rotor 2 ge¬ fertigt sein. Sowohl die Magnetlager 4 als auch die Kühllamellen 6 werden mittels Luft gekühlt. Zur Kühlung sind dabei zwei voneinander unabhängige und getrennte Kühlsysteme 7, 8 vorgesehen. Das erste Kühlsystem 7 stellt dabei Luft zur Kühlung der Magnetlager 4 bereit. Das zweite Kühlsystem 8 stellt Luft zur Kühlung der Kühllamellen 6 bereit. Die Luft des ers¬ ten Kühlsystems 7 weist dabei eine höhere Luftreinheit auf als die Luft die vom zweiten Kühlsystem 8 bereitgestellt wird. Dies ist notwendig, da die Magnetlager 4 sehr empfind¬ lich gegen Feuchtigkeit und Verschmutzungen reagieren. Um die entsprechende Luftreinheit zu gewährleisten, wird die von den Gebläsen 9 angesaugte Luft mittels eines Filter 10 gereinigt. Hierdurch werden eventuell in der Luft enthaltene Feststoffe abgeschieden. Anschließend wird die so aufbereitete Luft den Magnetlagern 4 zugeführt. Die Kühlluft wird dabei durch den Spalt 14 zwischen dem Stator 15 und dem Rotor 15 des Magnetlagers 4 hindurch geleitet und kühlt dabei das Magnetlager 4. Das erste Kühlsystem 7 ist als redundantes Kühlsystem ausge¬ führt, dabei sind in einem parallelen Zweig ein zweites Ge¬ bläse 9 und ein zweiter Filter 10 zum Filtern der zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers 4 bereitgestellten Luft vorgesehen. Somit wird immer sichergestellt, dass auch bei einem Ausfall des ersten Kühlsystems 7 oder bei Wartungsarbeiten, beispielsweise beim Tausch des Filters 10, eine hinreichende Kühlung des Magnetlagers 4 mit gereinigter Luft gewährleistet werden kann und es nicht zu einem Stillstand der Turbomaschine kommt. Das redundante System erhöht die Betriebssicherheit der Turboma¬ schine erheblich und reduziert Stillstandszeiten aufgrund von Reparaturen oder Wartungen deutlich. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist auch das zweite Kühlsystem 8 als redundantes System aus¬ gebildet. Die Gebläse 9, 11 des ersten und des zweiten Kühl- Systems 7, 8 werden vorzugsweise bedarfsgerecht geschaltet. Das heißt, es wird nur dann Kühlluft zum Magnetlager 4 bzw. zu den Kühllamellen 6 zugeführt, wenn dies aus thermischen Gründen notwendig ist. Hierdurch lassen sich erhebliche Energiekosten zum Betreiben der Gebläse einsparen. 1 shows a schematic view of an inventive ¬ SEN turbomachine. The turbomachine 1 comprises a rotor 2 on which at least one turbine stage 12 is arranged. The rotor 2 is mounted at its shaft ends 3 with magnetic bearings 4. The magnetic bearings 4 are designed as radial bearings. Furthermore, a thrust bearing 13 is provided, which can also be designed as a magnetic bearing or as a conventional bearing. Between the fluidbeaufschlagten areas 5 and the magnetic bearings 4 cooling fins 6 are arranged on the rotor. The cooling fins 6 may be, for example shrunk on the rotor, or mounted integrally with the rotor 2 ge ¬ be customized. Both the magnetic bearings 4 and the cooling fins 6 are cooled by means of air. For cooling, two independent and separate cooling systems 7, 8 are provided. The first cooling system 7 provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing 4 ready. The second cooling system 8 provides air for cooling the cooling fins 6. The air of the f th ¬ cooling system 7 has a higher purity than air, the air provided by the second cooling system. 8 This is necessary because the magnetic bearings 4 are very SENS ¬ Lich against moisture and dirt. In order to ensure the appropriate air purity, the air sucked in by the blowers 9 is cleaned by means of a filter 10. As a result, any solids contained in the air are separated. Subsequently, the thus treated air is supplied to the magnetic bearings 4. The cooling air is passed through the gap 14 between the stator 15 and the rotor 15 of the magnetic bearing 4 and thereby cools the magnetic bearing 4. The first cooling system 7 is executed as a redundant cooling system ¬ , in a parallel branch, a second Ge ¬ blower 9 and a second filter 10 for filtering the air provided for cooling the magnetic bearing 4 provided. Thus, it is always ensured that even in the event of a failure of the first cooling system 7 or during maintenance, for example when replacing the filter 10, a sufficient cooling of the magnetic bearing 4 can be ensured with purified air and it does not come to a standstill of the turbomachine. The redundant system increases the operational reliability of the machine Turboma ¬ considerably and reduces downtime due to repairs or maintenance significantly. For the same reason, the second cooling system 8 is formed as a redundant system ¬ . The fans 9, 11 of the first and second cooling system 7, 8 are preferably switched as needed. That is, it is only cooling air supplied to the magnetic bearing 4 and to the cooling fins 6, if this is necessary for thermal reasons. This can save considerable energy costs for operating the blower.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben der Turbomaschine sieht dabei vor, dass permanent die Temperatur des Magnet¬ lagers 4 gemessen und mit einer vorgegebenen Temperatur Tsoll verglichen wird. Erst beim Überschreiten der vorgegebenen Temperatur Tsoll wird Kühlluft vom ersten Kühlsystem 7 bereitgestellt. Da zu diesem Zeitpunkt das Magnetlager 4 bereits eine entsprechende Temperatur aufweist, kann auf die aufwen¬ dige Trocknung der Luft verzichtet werden, da ein Niederschlagen der Feuchtigkeit aus der Luft aufgrund der hohen Temperatur des Magnetlagers 4 ausgeschlossen werden kann. Hierdurch werden die Betriebskosten weiter gesenkt, da die Lufttrocknung mit erheblichen Energiekosten verbunden ist. Beim Unterschreiten der vorgegebenen Temperatur Tsoll erfolgt eine Unterbrechung der Bereitstellung von Kühlluft durch das erste Kühlsystem 7. Eine weitere Kühlung ist nach Unterschreiten der Temperatur Tsoll aus thermischer Sicht nicht notwendig. Hierdurch wird auch sichergestellt, dass Feuchtig¬ keit aus der Kühlluft sich nicht am Magnetlager 4 niederschlagen kann und dort für einen Schaden des Magnetlagers 4 sorgt. The inventive method for operating the turbomachine provides that permanently the temperature of the magnetic ¬ bearing 4 is measured and compared with a predetermined temperature T soll . Only when the predetermined temperature T soll is exceeded is cooling air provided by the first cooling system 7. At this time, the magnetic bearing 4 already has an appropriate temperature, can be dispensed with the aufwen ¬ ended drying the air, as a deposition of the moisture from the air due to the high temperature of the magnetic bearing 4 can be excluded. As a result, the operating costs are further reduced because the air drying is associated with significant energy costs. When it falls below the predetermined temperature T to an interruption of the supply of cooling air through the first cooling system 7. A further cooling after falling below the temperature T is not necessary from a thermal viewpoint. This also ensures that moisture ¬ speed from the cooling air can not be reflected on the magnetic bearing 4 and there ensures damage to the magnetic bearing 4.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Detailansicht der in Figur 1 dargestellten Turbomaschine 1. Dabei ist in der Detailansicht das rechte Wellenende 3 des Rotors 2 dargestellt. Die Figur 2 verdeut- licht nochmals die zwei voneinander getrennten Kühlsysteme 7, 8, wobei das erste Kühlsystem 7 die Luft zur Kühlung des Mag¬ netlagers 4 bereitstellt und wobei das zweite Kühlsystem 8 die Luft zur Kühlung der Kühllamellen 6 bereitstellt. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind zur Kühlung des Rotors drei Kühllamellen vorgesehen, die auf den Rotor 2 aufgeschrumpft sind. Die Kühlluft, die vom ersten Kühlsystem 7 be¬ reitgestellt wird, gelangt über eine gesonderte Zuleitung zum Magnetlager 4 und strömt anschließend durch den Lagerspalt 14 zwischen dem Stator 15 und dem Rotor 16 des Magnetlagers 4. Dabei nimmt die Kühlluft eine entsprechende Wärmemenge auf und kühlt dabei das Magnetlager 4. In der Figur 2 ist jeweils nur ein Gebläse für die einzelnen getrennten Kühlsysteme 7, 8 dargestellt. Wie bereits erläutert, ist aber das Vorsehen von redundanten Kühlsystemen besonders vorteilhaft, um die Be¬ triebssicherheit zu erhöhen. FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the turbomachine 1 shown in FIG. 1. The right-hand shaft end 3 of the rotor 2 is shown in the detail view. FIG. 2 shows light again the two separate cooling systems 7, 8, wherein the first cooling system 7, the air for cooling the Mag ¬ netlagers 4 provides and wherein the second cooling system 8, the air for cooling the cooling fins 6 provides. In the illustrated embodiment, three cooling fins are provided for cooling the rotor, which are shrunk onto the rotor 2. The cooling air which is be ¬ riding provided by the first cooling system 7, passes via a separate feed line to the magnetic bearing 4, and then flows through the bearing gap 14 between the stator 15 and the rotor 16 of the magnetic bearing 4. The cooling air takes up a corresponding amount of heat and cools while the magnetic bearing 4. In the figure 2 only one fan for the individual cooling systems 7, 8 is shown in each case. As already explained, but the provision of redundant cooling systems is particularly advantageous to increase the loading ¬ operational safety.
Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass durch die Bereitstel¬ lung zweier voneinander getrennter Kühlsysteme, wovon das erste Kühlsystem zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers und das zweite Kühlsystem zur Kühlung der Kühllamellen dienen, sich erheblich Energiekosten einsparen lassen. Die teure Aufbereitung der Kühlluft zur Kühlung der Magnetlager wird auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert. Die Kühlung der Kühllamellen erfolgt mit weitgehend ungereinigter Luft, welcher der Umgebung entnommen werden kann. Durch die Ausführung als redundante Kühlsysteme wird die Betriebssicherheit der Turbomaschine deutlich er¬ höht. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben der Turbomaschine kann zusätzlich auf die Trocknung der Kühlluft zur Kühlung der Magnetlager verzichtet werden, wodurch zusätzliche Energiekosten eingespart werden können. In summary, it should be noted that by providing Stel ¬ development of two mutually separate cooling systems, which are the first cooling system for cooling the magnetic bearing and the second cooling system for cooling the cooling fins can be significantly save energy costs. The expensive preparation of the cooling air for cooling the magnetic bearings is reduced to a minimum. The cooling of the cooling fins is done with largely unpurified air, which can be removed from the environment. Due to the design as redundant cooling systems, the reliability of the turbomachine is significantly increased he ¬ . The inventive method for operating the turbomachine can be dispensed with in addition to the drying of the cooling air for cooling the magnetic bearings, which additional energy costs can be saved.

Claims

Turbomaschine (1), umfassend einen Rotor (2), welcher an wenigstens einem Wellenende (3) mit einem aktiven Magnet¬ lager (4) gelagert ist, wobei der Rotor (2) einen Is mounted Turbo machine (1) comprising a rotor (2) which on at least one shaft end (3) with an active magnetic bearings ¬ (4), wherein the rotor (2) a
fluidbeaufschlagten Bereich (5) aufweist und zwischen dem fluidbeaufschlagtem Bereich (5) und dem Magnetlager (4) wenigstens eine Kühllamelle (6) auf dem Rotor (2) angeord¬ net ist und wobei das Magnetlager (4) und die Kühllamelle (6) mittels Luft gekühlt werden, at least one cooling lamella (6) on the rotor (2) is angeord ¬ net between the fluidbeaufhappem area (5) and the magnetic bearing (4) and wherein the magnetic bearing (4) and the cooling fin (6) Air to be cooled
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
zwei voneinander getrennte Kühlsysteme (7, 8) vorgesehen sind, wovon das erste Kühlsystem (7) Luft zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers (4) bereitstellt und wobei das zweite Kühl¬ system (8) Luft zur Kühlung der Kühllamelle (6) bereit¬ stellt. two separate cooling systems (7, 8) are provided, of which the first cooling system (7) provides air for cooling the magnetic bearing (4) and wherein the second cooling ¬ system (8) air for cooling the cooling fin (6) ready ¬ provides.
Turbomaschine (1) nach Anspruch 1, Turbomachine (1) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das erste Kühlsystem (7) Luft mit einer höheren Luftreinheit bereitstellt als das zweite Kühlsystem (8) . the first cooling system (7) provides air with a higher air purity than the second cooling system (8).
Turbomaschine (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Turbomachine (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das erste Kühlsystem (7) zumindest ein Gebläse (9) sowie einen Filter (10) zum Filtern der zur Kühlung des Magnetlagers (4) bereitgestellten Luft aufweist. the first cooling system (7) has at least one fan (9) and a filter (10) for filtering the air provided for cooling the magnetic bearing (4).
Turbomaschine (1) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Turbomachine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
das erste Kühlsystem (7) als redundantes Kühlsystem aufge¬ baut ist. is the first cooling system (7) as a redundant cooling system builds up ¬.
Turbomaschine (1) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Turbomachine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
das zweite Kühlsystem (8) zumindest ein Gebläse (11) auf¬ weist. Turbomaschine (1) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass the second cooling system (8) at least one fan (11) has ¬. Turbomachine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
das zweite Kühlsystem (8) als redundantes Kühlsystem auf¬ gebaut ist. the second cooling system (8) is constructed as a redundant cooling system ¬.
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Turbomaschine (1) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, Method for operating a turbomachine (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: characterized by the following process steps:
Messen der Temperatur T des Magnetlagers (4);  Measuring the temperature T of the magnetic bearing (4);
Vergleichen der gemessenen Temperatur T mit einer vorgegebene Temperatur TS0LL Compare the measured temperature T with a predetermined temperature T S0LL
Bereitstellen von Kühlluft durch das erste Kühlsystem (7), sobald das Magnetlager (4) die vorgegebene Tempe¬ ratur TSOLL überschreitet. Providing cooling air through the first cooling system (7) as soon as the magnetic bearings (4), the predetermined temperature T SOLL Tempe ¬ exceeds.
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Turbomaschine (1) nach Anspruch 7, Method for operating a turbomachine (1) according to Claim 7,
gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte: characterized by the following process steps:
Messen der Temperatur T des Magnetlagers (4);  Measuring the temperature T of the magnetic bearing (4);
Vergleichen der gemessenen Temperatur T mit einer vorgegebene Temperatur TS0LL Compare the measured temperature T with a predetermined temperature T S0LL
Unterbrechen der Bereitstellung von Kühlluft durch das erste Kühlsystem (7), sobald das Magnetlager (4) die vorgegebene Temperatur TS0LL unterschreitet. Interrupting the provision of cooling air through the first cooling system (7) as soon as the magnetic bearing (4) falls below the predetermined temperature T S0LL .
EP16733470.5A 2015-09-25 2016-06-28 Turbomachine with magnetic bearing Active EP3294996B1 (en)

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DE102017207676A1 (en) * 2017-05-08 2018-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bearing arrangement for mounting a turbine rotor of a turbomachine
IT201700097796A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-03 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl TURBOMACCHINE SYSTEMS WITH REFRIGERATION OF ACTIVE MAGNETIC CUSHIONS AND METHOD
IT202100026729A1 (en) 2021-10-19 2023-04-19 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl MAGNETIC THRUST CUSHION WITH PUMPING EFFECT
IT202100026741A1 (en) 2021-10-19 2023-04-19 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl CLOSED LOOP CIRCUIT FOR COOLANT OF A MAGNETIC CUSHION FOR AN EXPANDER-COMPRESSOR SYSTEM

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