EP3283432A1

EP3283432A1 - Load distribution structure, in particular for use as a saddle tree in a riding saddle, based on extremely preformed and resilient bending supports

Info

Publication number: EP3283432A1
Application number: EP16717895.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Loeffler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-04-17
Filing date: 2016-04-15
Publication date: 2018-02-21
Anticipated expiration: 2036-04-15
Also published as: WO2016166351A1; DE102015004942A1; EP3283432B1

Abstract

Load distribution structure, in particular for use as a saddle tree in a riding saddle, based on extremely preformed and resilient bending supports. When, for example, a riding animal moves, the shape of the back area on which the saddle rests changes. The novel load distribution structure makes it possible to adapt to all deformations of the back during movement, without any substantial change to a pressure distribution that has already been set. Moreover, such a saddle tree is suitable for adaptation to different back shapes of riding animals. The load distribution structure or the saddle tree is constructed using bending supports which, in their unloaded state, are bent (25) extremely strongly, e.g. close to 150 degrees. The bending supports are then in practice pressed flat according to the shape of the supporting area when placed under load and, on account of their special properties, distribute the weight uniformly, even in the event of changes in the shape of the supporting area. A saddle tree based on this load distribution structure is able to distribute the weight of the rider in an almost optimal manner, even during movement of the horse.

Description

Thomas Loeffler

Sulzbacher Straße 16

76316 Malsch

Germany

Load distribution structure, in particular for use as a saddle tree in a riding saddle, based on extremely preformed and yielding bending beams

The invention relates to a mechanical structure with which a more or less punctiform load on a surface whose shape changes dynamically, can be evenly distributed. This structure is particularly suitable for use as a saddle tree for riding or carrying saddles. When a riding or supporting animal moves, its back deforms, and with it also the shape of the area on which the riding or carrying saddle rests. A saddle equipped with a saddle tree based on the structure according to the invention is capable of adapting to this deformation without substantially impairing the optimum distribution of the weight to be carried. Furthermore, the invention is also suitable for easily producing saddles which fit the different back shapes of riding animals.

The application of the invention as a saddle tree in a riding or carrying saddle is particularly suitable for illustrating the benefits of the invention, since the

Requirements there are extreme, comprehensive and special. In the following, therefore, reference is almost exclusively made to this field of application. For the sake of simplicity, instead of riding or carrying saddle, it will always be only of saddle, and instead of riding or supporting animal, only horse will be mentioned.

Saddles are used on the one hand, so that riders can sit safely and comfortably on horses, and on the other hand, to allow horses in general to wear riders for a long period of time. A saddle transfers or distributes the weight of the rider on the corresponding areas of the horse's back. When saddle problem various basic conditions on the part of the horse are known, which complicate the production of optimal saddles. On the other hand, various principles or inventions for the manufacture of saddles are known, which are intended to remedy or mitigate these problems arising from these circumstances. It will first discuss the problem causing conditions on the part of the horse.

Only a limited area of the horse's back is suitable for carrying the saddle. It will be referred to below as the back carrying region 55 (FIGS. 2, 3). It consists of the two one to two hand wide strips to the left and right of the spine with the thoracic vertebrae 9 to 18. It can be determined from the outside by starting about 2 to 3 fingers behind the scapula. The back carrying area has the property that there is muscle under it. The area between these two strips, in the middle above the vertebral column, must remain free for about a hand's width, as there are the spinous processes of the vertebrae, which are not covered with muscles.

Naturally, this back carrying area may only be loaded with a specific maximum pressure per unit area. It is obvious that it is particularly favorable if the pressure resulting from the weight of the rider is distributed as evenly as possible, in particular without pressure peaks, to the back carrying area. Pressure peaks are uncomfortable for the horse and lead, in particular with continued repetition, to injuries of the horse. Horses, also due to their different body size, have very different back shapes. You therefore need individually adjusted saddles. Through developing muscles, the shape of the back changes in the course of time in addition. Furthermore, a horse changes while riding, i. as it moves, the shape of its backpack area. This change in shape during the movement will be discussed in more detail.

The main cause of these changes in shape is the movement of the skeleton, which consists of the thorax in this area. The rib cage consists of 19 Rib pairs with their associated vertebrae. The change in shape of a single pair of ribs with the associated vortex in itself is negligible, especially in the rib pairs, which form a closed ring. The situation is different with the shape that forms the entirety of the pairs of ribs. The spine can not change its length, but it can bend and twist.

A vertical bend (Figure 1), i. a bend about the horizontal transverse axis occurs when the horse raises or lowers his head 50: the horse arching his back more or less to 51. A horizontal bend (FIG. 2), i. a bend about a vertical axis, occurs when the horse is on a curve 52 (panning or yawing): the front pair of legs is set in a different direction as the rear pair of legs, in between the spine describes a bow 53. Since the pairs of ribs respectively firmly connected to their vertebrae, they follow the movement of their associated vertebra and thus cause a change in the shape of the back. If one were to transfer the first two changes in shape (inclining and panning) of the horse's back to a cylinder, the cylinder would become a tonic. In addition, the spine can twist around the longitudinal axis (twisting or rolling) (Figure 3). Due to the position of the spinal column relative to the ribs, a shape is created which resembles a helix or a corkscrew or a helix 54.

Another cause of the change in shape of the back support area during movement is the contraction of the muscles, in particular the broad back muscle and the neck of the trapezius muscle should be emphasized. The described changes in shape are reinforced by the movement of the scapula. This affects, even if it is not covered by the saddle, indirectly on the area of the back carrying area, as it moves body tissue out of the area

Pull out the carry-on area or slide it into it.

These different situations are superimposed, so that as a whole they put a considerable strain on the horse and thus often on diseases to lead. In addition to external diseases, these are also internal, such as muscle atrophy.

In the following, the extreme case is considered that a saddle is made homogeneously from a single rigid material and loaded with the weight of a rider. If this saddle is optimally adapted to the shape of the back carrying area, the pressure distribution is optimal, as long as the horse keeps this shape exactly. It is now obvious that taking all other forms of back, that is, when the horse is moving, will immediately lead to deviations from the optimal pressure distribution. This means that there will be pressure increases in certain areas. A direct increase in pressure occurs when areas of the back to move to the saddle. The pressure then becomes higher at these points. An indirect pressure increase occurs when areas of the back move away from the saddle. The areas of the back moving away from the saddle no longer bear any load, the weight acting on the saddle must be distributed to the remaining area of the back carrying area, which has remained in contact with the saddle. This inevitably increases the pressure per unit area in this remaining area. In general, saddles are therefore made from at least two main materials: a rigid material for the saddle tree and a soft, resilient material for padding between saddle tree and horseback. The stiff saddle tree corresponds in the optimal case with the back output form. The padding then makes it possible to take all other forms of back more or less well, i. the extreme effects of pressure increase at o.a. Example of saddle made of homogeneous rigid material are more or less mitigated. However, this means that the horse must constantly work against more or less strong pressure increases during movement, since the padding only gives way when the force acting on it is increased.

These inevitable disadvantages of a rigid saddle tree can be reduced by increasing the layer thickness of the pad. But that is contrary to that this brings the rider farther away from the horse, which adversely affects the quality of the seat, especially in the movement.

State of the art

A load distribution structure, as used in conventional saddle trees, usually consists of two more or less parallel and more or less wide strips (also known as costumes or bars) made of sturdy and rigid material, covering the spine on both sides of the spine. Front and back, these strips are each firmly connected with a web. These connecting webs are so arcuate that the underlying spine is not touched.

The front area is called Vorderzwiesel and often contains a so-called gullet iron for reinforcement. The rear area is referred to as Hinterzwiesel (also Efter). The area between the costumes is called the spinal canal, forming a cavity above the spine. It is also possible that the costumes of the saddle tree not only front and rear, but are connected throughout. The saddle tree can be made of one piece, or composed of several parts and different materials. In addition, the various areas as a whole may be designed to seamlessly blend in shape. For example, in English saddles

Trachtenbereich and Hinterzwiesel together a harmoniously curved arc in the form of a large U. To the rider is the seat, the weight bearing on him directly to the traditional costume areas and / or

Derives connecting webs of the costumes. In the complete saddle then the saddle tree is always more or less upholstered towards the back carrying area of the horse, which padding then does not always have to be completely connected to the saddle itself, but e.g. Also in the form of a saddle pad between the saddle and horse can be placed.

Even with the optimal fit of a saddle constructed in this way, the horse always has to use additional forces and thus work in order to get to the upholstery deform according to its dynamically changing back shape. Depending on the dimensions and physical properties, the necessary forces are more or less high. The exposure of areas of the

Back support area, to facilitate the dynamic change in shape of the back carrying area, has the adverse effect that other areas of the back carrying area for this burdened even more.

A part of the inventions is merely aimed at obtaining a saddle tree suitable for the back carrying area by setting a static condition of the saddle tree

Back carrying area is detected. At DE000010162424 is from a

existing stiff saddle tree, whose costumes on the

Horseback facing surface is covered with a sufficiently thick layer, which is brought by a special measure to soften or give way. After this layer has adapted to the back shape, it is then again solidified. The result is a surface of the costumes adapted to the backbone area. DE000019805802A1 describes a similar process, except that here the solidification process is not reversible.

DE 102004001620 A1 describes a method with which the back-carrying area is detected with the aid of a measuring grid and, after an optional shape optimization, opens into the production of a matching saddle tree. All these methods have in common that they adhere to the disadvantages of a rigid saddle tree in the result, which can be mitigated by a padding only partially.

Other approaches aim to provide adjustment options on a saddle tree, which make it possible to adapt the saddle tree to different shapes of the back. Here it must be distinguished whether this adjustment is static or dynamic. In the static adjustment options, such as in

DE000000682847A or GB000191418567A described, obtained after the adjustment process as a result again a rigid structure of the saddle tree, which consequently also has the disadvantages already described. In the saddle tree systems with dynamic adjustment, as described for example in DE000000477195A or WO002011101102 AI, is based on a structure that, in addition to the fundamental possibility, to a individual backbone area is also more or less able to adapt to the deforming in the movement backbone area. In principle, it is always two costumes that are connected to each other at the front (at the front pommel) and at the rear (at the back pommel) via flexible connecting elements, eg ball joints, with connection bars or other components. The weight to be borne by these systems from the connecting webs over the

Connecting elements introduced on the costumes. Due to the flexibility of

Fasteners can align the costumes to match the back carrying area. The rest of the adjustment to the back carrying area is often done by an own flexibility of the costumes themselves.

The desired uniform load of the back carrying area is previously not attainable with the principle of selective introduction of the weight, as costumes in the known versions can not evenly distribute the force introduced into them on all forms of a back carrying area. From a physical point of view, a costume is a bending medium that takes on a specific shape at a certain load. If the shape changes, this inevitably involves a different load or distribution of the load. An ideal uniform load is given only in a very specific form. In all other forms the distribution of the load deviates more or less from the ideal distribution, usually even a very uneven distribution of forces is the result. This also applies if the costumes, as in DE000000002375A, DE000000031451A or DE000000073370A, consist in themselves of a flexible structure. Thus, an uneven distribution of the load and the occurrence of additional forces in the dynamic deformation of the back carrying area can be mitigated only insignificantly.

In principle, it should also be noted that in all systems in which the rider weight is passed over four points fixedly arranged in a rectangle or a trapezoid, the twisting of the back carrying region 54 is in principle not supported. Although a position can be found in which such a system on the winding state of a back carrying area fits, but this is always offset or shifted.

The disadvantages of an inherently rigid saddle tree or of individual components of a saddle tree can also be mitigated by allowing a targeted flexibility by shape and material optimization. In DE5 04 34 A, the costumes are made of an elastic structure, which attaches to the back support area when the saddle girth is tightened. In DE 2 737 438 AI and DE 6 9 915 136 T2, in order to support the resilience or the elasticity, the front or rear connection is omitted. Although DE 31 62 60 A does not omit the rear connection, it makes it flexible. On the other hand, DE10 306 226 B4 and EP 1 336 589 B1 describe saddle tree structures which consist of a more or less rigid front and rear region, which are then connected to elastic elements in the longitudinal direction. In DE 15 15 84 A, however, a structure is described in which the two costumes are connected via a plurality of transversely lying over the spine strip-shaped carrier.

In all of these structures constructed in this way, the shape in the unloaded state corresponds to the shape of the back carrying region which they cover. If the shape of the covered rucksack area changes, then the shape of the structure or its components and connections must also change. Components and connections can only distribute introduced forces if they possess sufficient rigidity. At the same time, however, this rigidity counteracts dynamic adaptation of the shape. If such forces are not or only insubstantially present during a shape adaptation, then

inevitably also no forces in the necessary quality are distributed. Due to a system-related only low flexibility, therefore, only a small reduction of the forces necessary for the deformation can be achieved. This applies correspondingly to the connections of the components, if the distribution or transmission of the forces is based on the rigidity of connections between components. The

In principle, horses must continue to perform considerable work of deformation during movement. In this context, the so-called treeless saddles should be mentioned. These do not have distinctly separate functional elements for load distribution and upholstery, by which the load distribution function suffers. To remedy this deficiency, are partially in the back carrying area in the

Upholstery thin, flexible plates with a flat initial shape incorporated, the nature, w.o. set out, only very limited forces can distribute in the desired quality.

Another approach is to improve the properties of the padding between saddle tree and rucksack area. The ideal case would be if the entire distance between saddle tree and back support area were available for changes in shape of the back support area, and if the material filling this gap would also be able to deform without significant additional forces being required. Air-filled pillows can be such

Have properties. DE000000000591A or DE000000151609A describe systems that use this basic principle. From the feeling of the rider, sitting on an air cushion becomes spongy and therefore detrimental to the feeling of riding. Therefore, these air bags are e.g. divided, or provided with a filling and other elements that are to stabilize the saddle. In principle, there is a risk that an air cushion will leak, and this goes unnoticed. Depending on the version, e.g. shared cushions, will form changes of the

Back carrying area only partially supported. In the saddle tree structure of DE000000723068A is located as a central element above the spine, a narrow leaf spring, which extends over the entire length of the saddle. The structure forming the shape of the letter Y with the wide portion on the rear pommel and various flexible connections will cause the pommel to rotate about the longitudinal axis relative to the pommel and seating area. In the case of changes in shape in the area of the withers, this reduces the occurrence of additional forces. The introduction of the other weight forces is ultimately on the Trachtenplatten with the already described Disadvantages that have flexible costumes, because they can distribute forces only with poor quality. A shape change when tilting 50, 51 is not supported. The same principle of the Y-shaped area in the major axis of the saddle tree structure over the spine, which allows the pommel to rotate about the longitudinal axis, is also used in EP000002013136B1. In order to be able to configure custom saddles, it is supplemented by the definition of an assembly structure, similar to the German Military Saddle (Army Saddle 25) and AT 44 66 B.

In the case of the system described in EP 2 660 189 A, the area on

Vorderzwiesel of two separate, L-shaped elements, each with two mutually at an angle of 90 degrees hinges, the seat seen from the first of the two hinge axes is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the second in the longitudinal direction, both tangential to the surface of the backpack range. Through the hinges, this area of the saddle tree can adapt to the forms and shape changes in the area of the withers. Due to the system, however, it is not possible to forward or distribute weight forces.

In summary, it should be noted that there are often local geometric regions that are capable of certain types of saddle trees

Requirements to meet an ideal saddle tree. Even if it does

Improvements compared to conventional saddle trees are recognizable, but the totality of the requirements is always met with more or less large reductions.

task

It is an object of the invention to provide a load distribution structure which is able to optimally distribute the load caused by a weight or a force, ie as evenly as possible and without the creation of additional forces, to a predetermined, homogeneously flat area Although the shape of this area is well-defined, but should otherwise be freely definable. Homogeneous means that this area is smooth in itself, ie has no steps and kinks. Permitted is the composition of a total area of several individual areas at a certain distance, which meet these conditions individually. Of the Another essential part of the task is that these form surfaces can then change dynamically in operation while maintaining the boundary condition of homogeneity, within certain limits, and the quality of the load distribution is essentially maintained.

Applied to the use of the invention as a saddle tree this means a

Load distribution structure for a saddle tree, which is able, the weight load optimally, i. evenly, and without substantial additional forces, e.g. in the form of pressure peaks, to distribute on the back carrying area of a horse. In this practical application, it is of particular importance that this optimal distribution not only for any static condition, but consistently for each state of movement of the horse, i. also in the movement, is given. Furthermore, this saddle tree should also be able to adapt to different forms of back.

If a horse moves, the shape of its back carrying area changes. The saddle on top of it must then inevitably adapt to this dynamically changing shape. Usually in this shape adaptation of the saddle always deformations of upholstery (springs in the physical sense) and of costumes or plates made of rigid material (in the physical sense, bending and

Torsionsbalken) involved. For this, the horse has to muster additional strength and thus work. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a saddle tree, which makes this dynamic adaptation to the change in shape of the back carrying area while maintaining the optimum pressure distribution without such additional forces occur at a significant height and thus additional work must be spent.

Such a saddle tree must therefore be as free of force as possible about a horizontally transverse 51, about a vertical 53, and a horizontal longitudinal axis 54. This is meant in the sense that to the existing forces, which are caused by the rider weight, no significant additional forces should arise. Furthermore, it is necessary for such a system to be practical, ie simple is constructed and low maintenance. In a saddle, not an arbitrarily high number of individual parts can be installed. The whole system must not take the rider too far away from the horse because of the space requirements. The more the saddle allows you to sit close to the horse, the better.

Naturally, such a system is in principle also able to adapt to different forms of wear areas. Here, it may be necessary to weigh to what extent this flexibility in shape is at the expense of the proximity of the load to the support area.

embodiment

According to the invention the object is achieved by the use of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams. For the embodiments, the application of the invention is used as a saddle tree for a riding saddle. One way of solving the problem of the invention is that the costumes of the saddle tree, which distribute the weight on the back carrying area, and their surfaces cover the two halves of the back carrying area, are formed by the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam. The use of the invention is not limited to the field of costumes. In a further embodiment, the central axis of a segment saddle tree according to the invention is formed by an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam. Regardless of these main examples, the system can also be used in other areas and in other ways. Before going into the specific applications, for a better understanding of the mode of operation, the behavior of bending beams should first be considered generally, and then in a comparative example.

If a flat, flat bending beam 3 is acted upon from one side centrally with a punctual load 1, and from the other side with a corresponding one

Reaction load, but evenly distributed on the surface or line 2 (Fig. 4), this results in a typical shape 4. The shape of the bending beam 4 in Fig. 4 also corresponds to the shape that results when a on firmly on one side. tensioned bending beam (similar to 21 in Fig. 13) is applied with a uniformly distributed over the length of the load. At the clamping point, the curvature is the strongest, then it decreases continuously towards the end. At the end of the bending beam has virtually no curvature. This behavior of a bending beam can be described mathematically, which is also customary in the field of mechanical engineering. There, this is known, for example, under the term "cantilever beam with line load / line load". If, on the other hand, one wishes to achieve that a bending beam in the identically loaded state forms a flat line or surface 6, then, in a certain approximation which is initially sufficient for us, the unloaded one must

Bending beam 5, the shape of a corresponding flat bending beam in the loaded

Condition 4, but with the bend or buckle in the opposite direction.

There are now compared in a comparative example, two different bending beams, which are charged exactly the same, but are designed differently or designed. They initially take on the same shape when loaded, or lie on the same surface shape 16. The first (Fig. 7) bending beam (10, 11, 12) is conventionally designed and very rigid, the second (Fig. 8) against

According to the invention, extremely preformed and yielding (13, 14, 15). In the unloaded state, the very rigid bending beam 10 has no significantly different shape, the very compliant 13, however, already. The load now looks like that from one side attacks a central force (1), which presses the bending beams (11, 14) against the surface shape 16, and from the other side as a backlash evenly distributed on the surface counterforce 18 is formed ,

It should be emphasized here that such a behavior, meaning the o.a.

Counter-reaction in the form of a counterforce 18 distributed uniformly over the surface, given a given surface shape (called target shape) and load (called target load), of course does not adjust with any arbitrarily chosen bending beams, but that with material and shape corresponding to the target shape and the Target load must be designed and dimensioned. If this is the case, then you achieve exactly the behavior described here. The use of a similar principle is known in the field of windshield wipers for car windows DE 2 313 939 A.

If now the shape on which these two bending beams rest slightly changed, e.g. a little more arched 17, one recognizes immediately that when very stiff

Bend beam 12 dramatically changes the load ratios on the side of the counterforce distributed over the length, from the previously uniform 18 to a very uneven distribution with extreme pressure peaks at the ends. Not so in the case of the very yielding bending beam 15. Although the uniform distribution of the counteracting load is not maintained absolutely exactly 20, the change in the distribution is relatively minor.

The shape on which the bending beam rests under the load 1 corresponds to the target shape. For an allowable deviation from the target shape, bounds in both directions, i. a little more or less vaulting, to be set. These

Limits are called Target Form Interval. Under load, these limits are referred to as target loading interval. The state of the bending beam within these intervals is called the operating state. The shape, which occupies a completely unloaded bending beam, is called initial shape.

The greater the strain has been to reach the operating condition or target mold interval, the less impact the distribution of reaction forces will have upon a change in shape within the target mold interval. It is therefore advantageous if the difference between the initial shape in the unloaded state, for example 13, and the target shape in the loaded state, for example 14, is as large as possible. Such a designed bending beam, which is referred to as "extremely preformed and resilient Biegeträger" reacts with changes in shape of the support surface (eg from 16 to 17) with only minor changes in the distribution of reaction forces, in particular there are no pressure peaks. It is assumed that the shape changes of the support surface are continuous nature, so no kinks or steps occur. From a physical point of view, a traditional costume in a saddle tree is a bending medium with line load. During operation, ie when the rider is seated in the saddle, the entire surface of this bending beam or the traditional costume should evenly distribute the weight of the rider on the back carrying area.

In the first embodiment, shown in Fig. 18 in the operating state, the costumes are formed according to the invention of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams. These are designed to be worn in a saddle tree specifically for a particular target load interval, eg, 35 to 40 Kg, corresponding to a rider weight of 70 to 80 Kg, and a particular target mold interval. The mean shape of the target mold interval corresponds approximately to the shape of the backbone area in the normal state, ie when the horse is standing on his four legs in a natural position. If the horse then changes the shape of his back carrying area during the movement, this has only very little effect on the quality of the distribution of the weight force on the back carrying area, ie the distribution remains approximately even or near a desired distribution. Pressure peaks no longer occur. In Fig. 18, the costumes 62 are shown in the operating state. In fully unloaded condition has a costume in the longitudinal direction in about the form 25. The burden of the rider weight is introduced from the seat 60 via the contact areas 63 in the costumes. The contact regions 63 have an elongated lens shape in the exemplary embodiment. This allows the costumes to rotate about an axis in the longitudinal direction (Fig. 19) and thus align in their angular position to the back carrying area. The costumes in the first embodiment need not consist of one piece, but may be composed of several elements. Fig. 28 shows in operation a costume of two extremely preformed and resilient bending beams in rod form 85, which are arranged in parallel, and forward the load applied to them on a series of costume segments 77. Fig. 29 shows in the operating state a costume made of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in rod form 85, whereby the lined up below him costume segments (77, 86, 87) a rotational degree of freedom about the longitudinal axis is made possible. The National dress segments can also overlap and / or have a strip-like or rod-shaped form. Furthermore, the costume segments 87 may themselves consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams 25. Their deformation and resilience then acts approximately at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the bending beam 85. In the illustration in operating state 87, they hardly differ externally from stiff bending beams or costume segments, but in the pressure distribution prevailing there when the shape changes the area covered by them changes.

In the case of a single longitudinally preformed and compliant flex beam and relatively narrow trim segments of extremely preformed and compliant flex beams in the transverse direction, the structure described may also be made in one piece. Fig. 30 shows such a costume in the operating state. In the unloaded state, sections in the longitudinal and transverse directions would yield a view corresponding to FIG. In this one-piece design, individual arms or regions can also be designed to be rigid, in particular in the middle region.

In the second embodiment, shown in Fig. 16 in the operating state, an extremely preformed and resilient bending beam forms the central center axle 44 in a segmental tree (DE102014017363). In the unloaded state, the bending beam 44 has the shape 25. The saddle tree segments (45, 46) are e.g. strung on eyelets 49 on the bending beam 44. By appropriate air (Fig. 17), they are movable in a certain range. You can rotate around a vertical axis and move to the side. As a result, they can pivot by one

follow formed bend 53 of the back carrying area. By appropriate design of the eyelets or contact regions 43 are also other degrees of freedom, such. a rotation about a longitudinal axis when twisting 54 possible.

In the third embodiment, shown in Fig. 21 in the operating state, the extremely preformed and yielding bending beams 67 are built in the size of the back carrying region as a traditional costume in a saddle 66, which otherwise has no structural elements made of rigid material. The costumes correspond in their form and Execution in about the costumes of the first embodiment (Fig. 18). The saddle tree structure is then practically only two parts that have no direct connection with each other. The spinal column freedom is produced in other ways. The difference to a treeless saddle with reinforcing plates is that the costumes are extremely pre-formed and yielding

Bending amounts cause the load to be distributed evenly, even during movement, over the entire back support area.

The corresponding initial shape or shape of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in the unloaded state can be obtained experimentally iteratively or with more or less accurate calculation methods. In addition to appropriate formulas, there is also the finite element (FE) method known from mechanical engineering. The flexure beam need not be constant in geometry, but may vary in thickness 26 (Figure 10) and width or other properties. For example, a dilution of the profile towards the edge and toward the end 27 may be expedient to make the transition from the loaded area to the unloaded softer. There are various materials or combinations of such conceivable, wherein u.a. Spring steel or

Composite materials, such as CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), are obvious. The strongest curvature is usually at the point where the weight force is introduced, usually in the middle. If this is to be introduced surface, or for other reasons, areas of the bending beam can also be performed in a form with increased rigidity. The cross-sectional shape of the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, ie the cutting profile at right angles to the longitudinal direction (44 in FIG. 17 or 62 in FIG. 19), is expediently predominantly rectangular or convex, or more precisely biconvex or plano-convex. As a result, the extreme bending in the longitudinal direction is easier and safer manageable. Other cross-sectional shapes, such as concave, are conceivable, but problematic in connection with the extreme bends in the longitudinal direction. Is it necessary to have a certain shape of the cross-sectional line to a support surface, for example, a convex or concave curvature, then that will best achieved by the application of suitable material 73 (Figure 9). Felt is suitable for this, for example, which makes it easy to bend, is not very compressible and can easily be brought into the required shape. Optionally, such a pad may also be used to conform longitudinally to facilitate or optimize the molding or manufacture of an extremely preformed and compliant bender.

Favorable for the mode of action of the extremely preformed and yielding

Bend carrier is when between the initial shape (unloaded state) and the target shape (loaded state) as large as possible deformation is performed. As a starting form, therefore, not only a shape near 25 is conceivable, but also (FIG. 11) an overlap of the legs (28 or even 29), so that extremely large movements or paths are possible until reaching the target shape. For practical use, it is not absolutely necessary that initial shapes of the bending beam in a completely unloaded state can be physically taken. Depending on the application, it is conceivable that the arms of the unloaded bending beams in the sense of a spiral show past each other. This can e.g. in the back carrying area of a horse, which partially has properties of a twisted surface, be appropriate.

In addition to the direct production of extremely preformed and yielding

Bending media by master molding (e.g., lamination in a mold or injection molding with fiber reinforced material) is among others. Also, a multi-stage manufacturing process conceivable, starting from flat, thin plates (semi-finished products), which are cut to size, coated with adhesive and then stacked. The stacks are then brought into the starting form (FIG. 6), in which they are then allowed to harden.

Furthermore, extremely preformed and compliant flex beams can be configured by placing a plurality of such flex beams above or next to each other to adapt a support structure to a particular load. A main bending beam can also be added to increase the target load interval by one or more weaker secondary bending beams. The basic version of a Carrying structure can be systematically adapted to changing loads. When such bending beams are stacked, the friction between them can be used to dampen vibration tendencies. The elements of such a stack can be firmly connected, for example by gluing, but one can also use the assembly or stacking of the bending beams to better control the extreme deformation. In this case, the individual elements of the stack are not firmly connected. If the friction is to be reduced, then sliding layers, for example of lubricant or lubricious films, can be inserted. Also conceivable is the production of long profiles 70 (FIG. 12) with the cross section 25, from which individual, extremely preformed and yielding bending beams 68 are produced by cutting 69 or cutting them out.

In order to produce an extremely preformed and resilient bending beam, it is also possible to assemble it from individual segments 30 which are connected by springs (31, 32) (Figure 14). The arms of the springs can at the same time serve as a rotation axis 33 (FIG. 15) in the longitudinal direction of the carrier for a rotational degree of freedom of the segments. As e.g. Leg springs 34 can be twisted multiple times, output shapes are produced in accordance with 29, which allow torsions of the bending beam arms of multiple full turns of 360 degrees. Other usable spring elements may e.g. Be torsion bars or twisted ropes. The inventive, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, in the first

Embodiment is used as costume 62, can be replaced by such, composed of segments and springs bending beam. Fig. 22 shows in a fourth embodiment, a saddle tree structure in the operating state, similar to the second embodiment in Fig. 16, in which the function of the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam 44 is fulfilled in the central Mittelachsposition by connecting the saddle tree segments 45 by means of correspondingly biased spring elements 38. These elements can be described as extremely deformed and yielding springs during operation. Even a small increase in the force acting in conjunction with the spring force has a relatively large change in shape of the spring result, since their spring characteristic relatively flat runs. Conversely, this also means that a change in shape on the spring is associated with only a small change in the forces or moments.

By appropriate design of the storage of the spring elements or the compounds connections more degrees of freedom can be made possible. For example, the last segment can rotate about a point on the central axis 71. The

Rotation point can be on the rotating segment itself or on the adjacent segment. Applicable is the principle of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams also in the area of the traditional costume segment bridges in a saddle tree according to DE102014017363. In this fifth application example, shown in Fig. 24 in the operating state, the saddle tree segments are each formed by a Trachtensegmentbrücke 76 with Trachten segments 77, the Trachtensegment- bridges 76 then consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams. In the unloaded state the Trachtensegmentbrücken have a shape corresponding to 25 or possibly even 28 and 29. The rigid central support 74 on the

Central axis distributes the load on him weight on the

Costume segment bridges. The Trachtensegmentbrücken forward this then on their articulated ends on the costal segments 77 on. In this case, the bending beam or beam 76 is then designed not for a line load, but for a load on articulated bearings at the ends. Such a highly preformed and compliant Trachtensegmentbrücke can also be approximated by a corresponding structure with segments and springs. In extreme cases, it can be completely represented by a double double leg spring 75. Their ends can then be designed so that they can be articulated on the Trachtensegmenten. However, vibrations can occur in this structure described here. A countermeasure would be to carry out a part of the traditional segment bridge or saddle tree segments in a rigid design.

A conventional saddle tree can also only partially be replaced by structural areas according to the invention with extremely preformed and yielding bending beams. Fig. 23 shows such a construction in a sixth application example in the operating state, in which the center piece 40 of the saddle tree is designed conventionally. 39 indicates the seat of the saddle. To the rear, the costumes are extended with half, extremely preformed and yielding bending beams. These can practically be regarded as firmly clamped, half 21 bending beams. In Fig. 23 they are simplified in the form of segments 41 and extremely deformed leg springs 38 executed. To the front, the conventional saddle tree center piece is extended by a segment 42 which corresponds to a gullet iron. It is according to the invention with a half 21, extremely deformed and yielding bending beam, shown here in Fig. 23 simplified by an extremely deformed leg spring 38, connected to the conventional saddle tree centerpiece 40. The part of the back carrying region on which this gullet segment 42 rests can now move without there being any significant change in the forces acting on it. The connections between the elements involved are to be designed so that the required degrees of freedom are supported, for example by correspondingly articulated bearings.

In a load distribution structure, the various application sites of the extremely preformed and yielding bending beams can be combined or even split, so that the desired effects are superimposed. Thus, in the fifth application example (Figure 24), the central support 74 may also be formed by an extremely pre-formed and compliant flexure support 44 (Figure 16). The one-piece costume shown in Fig. 30 can be supplemented by an additional extremely preformed and yielding bending beam according to 85, so that there is a change in behavior.

In order to make a carrying structure, which is constructed with extremely preformed and yielding bending beams, practical to handle, it makes sense to limit the back deformation at discharge of the target load. Fig. 20 shows such a possibility. Ropes 64, which are attached to extensions 65 of the seat 60, limit the return deformation in the unloaded state, this

Extensions 65 can serve as stops for overloads.

Deformations of the bending beam are thereby displaced in both directions outside the target limited to the form interval. For bending beams composed of individual segments (Figure 14), limit stops can be attached directly to the sprung connecting portions. A separate device may consist of sleeves 82 of round or rectangular cross-section, which are threaded on a tensioning cable 83 (Fig. 27). The top surfaces of the sleeves can be bevelled. If all head surfaces collide with each other while the tensioning cable is tensioned, the middle shape is formed. If the tensioning cable is slightly longer, the sleeves can tilt slightly in both directions and limit a target forming interval with the two end positions. Also conceivable is a device which makes it possible to unlock the extreme flexibility of elements of the carrying structure only when loaded, that is to say when, for example, the rider is seated in the saddle. Such a device can also be based on the principle of threaded on a tensioning cable sleeves by the tensioning cable is fixed in the unloaded state of the support structure in the shortest position. Another principle may be based on bars between bending beam segments or on

Length-fixable ropes, which are mounted between points of the overall structure, whose distance between each other changes particularly when loading and unloading. In order to generate the forces necessary for the operation, there is a possibility

Assemblies with force translating function, for example, pulleys, levers or winches.

Another aspect is the relief in operation. When used as

Saddle tree in a riding saddle act during a jumping phase of the horse, e.g. During a gallop jump, little or no weight on the saddle. The saddle is then mainly pressed by the girth on the back carrying area. Here are possibly elements with elastic or

viscoelastic properties in the area of upholstery or fastening straps to prevent unfavorable effects.

Here again the fundamental difference to the state of the art should be set out, in particular to saddle trees, which have a certain flexibility. These are basically designed so that their shape in the unloaded state exactly or approximately the shape in the operating condition, ie during the saddle or the Carrying structure rests on the support surface and is loaded, corresponds. A

Deformation is then possible within certain limits, but this is always accompanied by a significant increase in the opposing forces due to the deformation of the support structure or the other components of the saddle. Despite relatively small deformations, there are significant changes in the reaction forces. The deformation of a saddle with conventional elastic saddle tree is in operating condition, so while the rider sits in the saddle and the horse moves, due to the deformation of the back carrying area, although almost absolutely the same, in terms of pressure distribution but there is a drastic difference. Relative to the previous deformation, from the completely unloaded state of the saddle to the area of the load or the operating state, the deformation in the conventional elastic saddle tree is considerably larger, so that the physical law of the spring characteristic with its steep rise by

Much more noticeable. In the structure according to the invention, the path of the change in shape from the unloaded state to the target shape interval of the operating state is a multiple of the path which then occurs in the operating state within the target shape interval. Fig. 25 shows the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam of Fig. 8 superimposed in the three limit states. The path 78 taken by the flexure support arms between states 13 (home shape) and 14 is a multiple of path 79 between states 14 and 15. In conventional flexible saddle trees of the prior art, this is not the case, respectively. rather the other way round. The deformation path from the unloaded state to the operating state corresponds in size to only a fraction of the paths that occur during operation, that is, while the saddle during movement of the horse to the deformations of the back carrying area. In the case of saddles with conventional saddle trees, this even results in areas of the back-carrying area being phase-wise completely unloaded during the movement. This then non-existing burden must then be taken over by other areas. In the support structure according to the invention, however, a once set or achieved weight distribution remains almost unchanged. Fig. 26 illustrates the facts again on corresponding force-displacement diagrams. In a conventional bending beam with the spring characteristic 80, a small path change (s) leads to a relatively large force change (F). In the case of the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam with the spring characteristic 81, on the other hand, the same change in travel 79 only leads to a relatively small change in the force F. With the principle of the extremely preformed and flexible bending beam, it is also possible to produce beams which are fastened at the ends (89, 90 ) (Figure 31) ("free-standing beam with line load") or anywhere (91, 92) (Figure 32) ("free-standing beam with cantilever line load") can be loaded with forces, and then on surfaces , whose shape can change dynamically, distribute evenly 93 or according to other specifications. In a sixth exemplary embodiment (FIG. 33), bending beams which are designed for a load at the ends corresponding to 89 are used as costumes 94. In order to allow the torsion of the structure about the longitudinal axis, the seat shell has three hinged contact areas 95, the front of which lies on the center of the bridge 97, which connects the two front ends of the costumes flexible 96.

In one embodiment, a load distribution structure for the distribution of a punctual mechanical force, eg caused by a weight, in particular for use as a saddle tree in a riding or carrying saddle, being used for the structure of the structure of rod or plate-shaped bending beams in their unloaded state about an axis transverse to its longitudinal direction and / or along its width U-shaped extremely strong, for example, near 150 degrees, are bent, with their strongest curvature in or near the middle of the length, and these bending beams further in Longitudinal direction in their course are designed so geometrically and with material that they deform extremely strong at the intended load (target load), and only in this loaded state then take the desired shape (target shape) in which they are also used practically, typically in an elongated form or near this shape, for example slightly curved, intended. In one embodiment, a load distribution structure is improved in that the target load of a bending beam is that on the buckling in the unloaded state facing away from the surface side of the carrier in the middle of the length relatively small area or one or more points, the maximum at a distance of half Length of the carrier to each other, forces are initiated in well-defined strength, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier by the geometrically well-defined, corresponding to the target surface contact surface, corresponding reaction forces arise, there evenly over the entire length or area, approximately uniform or distributed uniformly or approximately evenly over several points, with only two points lying at the ends being possible in the extreme case

Also proposed is a further development of a load distribution structure such that the target load of a bending beam is that forces of well-defined strength are induced on the surface side of the carrier near or directly at both ends on the curvature in the unloaded state, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier conditioned by the geometrically well-defined, corresponding to the target shape bearing surface, corresponding reaction forces arise, which are distributed there over the entire length or area evenly or according to other specifications.

Also proposed is a development of a load distribution structure such that the target load of a bending support is that forces are initiated on a surface side at a plurality of arbitrary points in well-defined strength, and shows the curvature of the open ends of the carrier in the unloaded state from this surface side, and the curvature of the inner areas located between the points of application of force in the direction of

Surface side shows, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier due to the geometrically well-defined, corresponding to the target surface bearing surface, corresponding reaction forces arise, which are distributed there over the entire length or area evenly or according to other requirements. Further proposed is a further development of a load distribution structure to the effect that the extremely compliant behavior of the extremely preformed bending beam is used to shape changes of the bearing surface on the

Load distribution structure rests, and to which the load is to be distributed to compensate, without significant changes to the height and the desired distribution of opposing forces, in particular no pressure peaks occur, the bending beams can lie directly on the support surface or indirectly, im Force flow lying, cause this behavior, eg by padding, support or other components separated from direct contact with the support surface.

Further proposed is a development of a load distribution structure to the effect that an extremely preformed and flexible bending beam in

Lengthwise composed of individual pieces or segments that can vary in length, and these segments are then connected by appropriately designed resilient elements, so that under the target load in the total results in a behavior that approximates that of a one-piece Biegeträgers, the use of such separate spring components, eg in the form of a double leg spring and appropriate design of the legs, still additionally offers the possibility that a segment relative to his

Neighboring segment can rotate with respect to the longitudinal direction, and the structure becomes even more flexible.

Also proposed is a further development of a load distribution structure such that the legs of bending beams inserted therein in the unloaded state can be rotated less than approximately 150 degrees relative to their target shape, in which case the path or movement from the starting shape to the beginning of the Target form interval is at least 1.0 times the path or movement within the target mold interval itself, and on the other hand, more than 150 degrees, for example, 220, 580 degrees or even several full angle revolutions can be bent, so that one practically wound up Bending beams present, with such properties in particular by the Assembling and joining of segments with corresponding springs is practically possible.

Also proposed is a development of a load distribution structure in that an extremely preformed and yielding designed bending beam in the middle, or the point of its largest curvature, cut open and clamped there, and the desired behavior of maintaining the favorable load distribution in shape changes then with this Half carrier is used by individual, rigid segments, which are connected by spring elements, can be approximated or even consist of a single segment with a corresponding spring.

It is also proposed to develop a load-distribution structure in such a way that the return deformation after a relief and / or a greater deformation at a higher than the intended load is limited by additional elements, e.g. by traction ropes, which are attached respectively, or girders as a stop, which correspond to a shape which shall not be exceeded and, where appropriate, may also have another function, e.g. as a seat in a saddle, or by additional means, e.g. Threaded on a tensioning cable and connected to the bending beam sleeves with corresponding top surfaces that cause the formation of a limiting shape when tensioning the rope, which generally also have this deformation sbegrenzenden institutions non-linear properties and thereby additionally can act vibration damping.

Also proposed is a further development of a load-distribution structure in that extremely preformed and yielding bending beams are used in a correspondingly flat design as costumes in a riding saddle, where they cover the back carrying area, and the loading force then directly from the seating area, similar to a treeless saddle, or indirectly, for example on appropriately shaped and attached to a seat pan areas or other elements in the bending beams that form the costumes, is introduced, the costumes or Bending beams are then designed so that they in the operating state of the middle target shape and the average target load to the back carrying area out a

uniform or approximately uniform pressure on the same, and such a garment may also consist of one or more extremely preformed and nachgie- bigen beam in rod form, which may be arranged in parallel, and arranged the load acting on them on a number of them below Passing traditional costume segments, these costal segments also be very narrow and can even consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams.

Also proposed is a further development of a load distribution structure in that an extremely preformed and flexible bending beam is used in a segment saddle tree as a central axis element, and then symmetrical, pointing to both sides, double-wing-like boom are lined up, which cover the back carrying area and in the middle of a Forming range for moving guide with degrees of freedom, which cantilevers may consist of one-piece saddle tree segments, or from corresponding three-piece saddle tree segments, or even, especially in the central region of the saddle tree structure, can be made in one piece with the central axis element.

Further proposed is a further development of a load distribution structure such that extremely preformed and yielding bending beams or

functionally identical elements or assemblies only in individual areas or

Sections of a support structure or a saddle tree are used, e.g. only in the area of the front pommel and / or the rear peg in the form of a

Saddle tree segments, so that they only partially affect the effect of a forest, and that in the action flow of an overall structure of the use of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams can also be repeated, so that, as in the example of the costume or the combination of central bending beam and Trachtensegmentbrücken, the desired Overlay effects. It is also proposed a development of a load distribution structure to the effect that for the production or configuration of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam for a specific target load of a plurality of individual bending beams, which may be arranged in parallel or stacked together, is in particular a main beam for a Base load and one or more supplementary bending beams with different load values and dimensions are possible, and the friction between these elements either targeted minimized, or specifically promoted and the

Vibration damping is utilized.

Further proposed is a development of a load distribution structure in such a way that the entire structure or a part thereof in one

multilayer bag system of flexible material is included, and this pocket system then holds the individual elements in position, with individual pockets also free to accommodate additional or complementary bending beams and

Components may be provided to adapt the overall system to a load or task, and the individual pockets are all or at least partially carried out so that individual elements of the structure can easily exchange or be inserted, for example by. open at the ends or lengthways and with closures that are easy to open and close, e.g. Velcro straps, are equipped.

To solve the problem in a further embodiment, a riding or carrying saddle, having a load distribution s-structure for the distribution of a punctual mechanical force provided, the load distribution structure in an unloaded state against the direction of the expected mechanical force bending with a defined Has the smallest bending radius and that the load distribution s structure in a loaded state has a bending radius in a range which is greater than the smallest bending radius.

It should be noted in particular that the shape of the load distribution structure is adapted to the shape of the horse only in the loaded state. The material and Form-dependent restoring force of the load distribution s structure thus changes the

Bending radius. The latter becomes smaller the lower the weight load of the load distribution structure. It is understood that the bending radius is formed for example in a single bending beam or in a plurality of

Biegeträgem or elements of Biegeträgem such as plates, spring elements and the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I selective or small-scale applied loading force, originated e.g. by the weight of a rider (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8)

2 evenly applied to a surface or line load or

Counteracting load (FIGS. 4, 5, 13)

3 flat bending beam in unloaded condition (Fig. 4)

4 flat bending beam with a centrally applied force, and one

corresponding, uniformly distributed, counterforce loaded (FIG. 4)

5 specially shaped bending beam, unloaded (Fig. 5)

6 specially shaped bending beam, loaded with a centrally applied force in well-defined strength and a uniformly distributed corresponding counterforce (Fig. 5)

8 points or localized areas where the weight load can be introduced into the structure, here e.g. over 3 points (Fig. 16)

10 rigid bending beam in the unloaded state (FIG. 7)

II rigid bending beam on a slightly curved surface, loaded with a

central force (Fig. 7)

12 rigid bending beam on the more curved surface, loaded with the same central force (Fig. 7)

13 extremely preformed yielding bending beam in unloaded condition (Figs. 8, 25)

14 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam on a slightly curved surface, loaded with a central, well-defined force (FIGS. 8, 25)

15 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam on the more curved surface, loaded with the same central force (Figs. 8, 25)

16 Section through the slightly curved support surface (FIGS. 7, 8)

17 Section through the more curved support surface (FIGS. 7, 8)

18 even distribution of reaction forces at slightly curved

Bearing surface in both bending beams (FIGS. 7, 8)

19 extremely uneven distribution of reaction forces with pressure peaks in the case of the stiff bending support, when the support surface bulges more strongly (FIG. 7) 20 approximately even distribution of reaction forces without pressure peaks in the case of extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, when the bearing surface bulges more (Fig. 8)

21 one-sided clamped, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in the unloaded state (FIG. 13)

22 cantilevered, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in loaded condition with a well-defined, evenly distributed force (Fig. 13)

25 Extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in unloaded condition (Fig. 6)

26 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam whose material thickness decreases continuously from the middle to the ends (FIG. 10)

27 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam whose material thickness decreases only at the edge, or which is "sharpened" at the edge (FIG. 10)

28 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam whose legs are

overlap (Fig. 11)

29 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam whose legs are

overlap several times (Fig. 11)

30 rigid individual elements of a composite, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam or beam (Figs. 14, 15)

31 Connection by means of a leg or torsion spring (FIG. 14)

32 connection by means of a leaf spring (FIG. 14)

33 articulated connection of the end of the spring leg in the middle of

Single plate (Fig. 15)

34 Double leg torsion spring (Fig. 15)

38 double-torsion springs for connecting saddle tree segments,

optionally articulated (Fig. 21)

39 Seating area of the saddle which is connected to the middle part of the saddle tree 40 (FIG. 23)

40 middle part of the conventional saddle tree (Fig. 23)

41 extension of the costume with a traditional segment 41, which is connected by means of a spring element 38 with the central part 40 (FIG. 23) 42 extension of the saddle tree middle part 40 with a segment which corresponds to a gullet iron and which is connected by means of a spring element 38 (FIG. 23)

43 guide channel (eyelet) for the central bending beam, with optimized shape, to allow rotation of the saddle tree segment 45 about the longitudinal axis

(Fig. 17)

44 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam as the central center axis in the operating state (in the unloaded state it has a shape which corresponds to 25.) (FIGS. 16, 17)

45 one-piece saddle tree segment (FIGS. 16, 17, 21)

46 Trachten segment in the area of the head iron (Fig. 16)

47 Traditional segment bridge (Fig. 16)

48 punctual, articulated connection between costume segment and traditional segment bridge (FIG. 16)

49 Guide channel (eyelet) for the central bending beam (Fig. 17)

50 tilting the head (Fig. 1)

51 Deformation of the horse's back when tilting (Fig. 1)

52 pivoting (Fig. 2)

53 Deformations and changes in length of the horse's back when moving on a bend or pivoting (Fig. 2)

54 twisting (Fig. 3)

55 backpack area (FIGS. 2, 3)

60 seat shell (FIGS. 18, 19, 20)

61 Rest of the seat shell (FIGS. 18, 19, 20)

62 Trachtenplatte from an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in the operating state (Fig. 18, 19, 20)

63 contact area between seat shell and Trachtenplatte in the form of a

elongated lens, which allows the costume plate a rotational degree of freedom about the longitudinal axis (FIGS. 18, 19, 20)

64 rope piece, which limits the deformation of the back plate 62 to the unloaded state 25 (Fig. 20) 65 abutment surfaces for the extremely preformed and compliant trim panel 62 in the event of a load exceeding the target load interval (FIG. 20)

66 Externally visible seating area of the saddle (Fig. 21)

67 Trachten plate made of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in operating condition in an otherwise treeless saddle (Fig. 21)

68 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, cut from a corresponding profile (Fig. 12)

69 cutting line (Fig. 12)

70 Semi-finished profile for the production of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams by cutting off (FIG. 12)

71 Rotational freedom of the tree segment about a vertical axis (Fig.

22)

72 Cross-section of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam (Fig. 9) 73 flexible, as little as possible compressible lining for shape adaptation

mainly transverse to the longitudinal direction (FIG. 9)

74 rigid central support of the saddle tree (Fig. 24)

75 double double-leg spring, which approaches the behavior of a segment bridge of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, in the operating state (Fig. 24)

76 segment bridges made of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams in operating condition (Fig. 24)

77 flat segments of stiff material (Fig. 24, 28, 29)

78 Length of the arrow: path between unloaded state and beginning of the arrow

Operating state interval (FIGS. 25, 26)

79 between the arrowheads: path within the operating state interval (Fig.

25, 26)

80 force-displacement diagram of a conventional bending support of conventional elasticity with path interval (FIG. 26)

81 force-displacement diagram of an extremely preformed and yielding

Bend carrier with path interval (FIG. 26)

82 sleeves with oblique-angled head surfaces (Fig. 27) 83 Tensioning cable (Fig. 27)

84 punctiform, articulated connection between costume segment and an existing from an extremely preformed and flexible bending beam Trachtensegmentbrücke (Fig. 24)

85 narrow, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in the

Operating status (Fig. 28)

86 stiff, strip-shaped costume segments (FIG. 29)

87 Trachten segments in flat or strip-shaped form which are extremely preformed and yielding in the transverse direction to 85 and in the unloaded state have the shape 25, shown in the operating state (Fig. 29)

88 Trachtenplatte in operating condition with extreme preforming and

Compliance according to 25 in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction (FIG. 30)

89 Extremely preformed and yielding bending beam for loading at both ends in unloaded condition (Fig. 31)

90 well-defined loading forces, which act on the two ends of the bending beam 89 (FIG. 31)

91 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, exemplarily designed for a well-defined load at arbitrary points, in the unloaded state (FIG. 32)

92 well-defined load forces at any point on the bending beam

91 act (Fig. 32)

93 uniform distribution of the reaction forces in the operating state (FIGS. 31, 32)

94 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam with introduction of

Load at the ends corresponding to 89 in Fig. 31 as costume in

Operating state (Fig. 33)

95 three articulated contact areas between the (indicated) seat shell

on the one hand and the costumes and the bridge on the other hand for the introduction of - loading forces (Fig. 33)

96 articulated connections between bridge and costumes (Fig. 33)

97 bridge with a hinged contact point to the seat pan to allow rotation of the front pommel area about the longitudinal axis (Figure 33) List of views

Fig. 1 horse in side view with tilting movement and deformation of

Back 51

2 horse in plan view with pivoting movement and deformation or

Bend of the back carrying area 55

Fig. 3 horse in plan view with twisting or torsion 54 of the back and the backpack area

Fig. 4 deformation 4 of a flat bending beam 3 at a central

applied load 1 and corresponding counter load 2, which is evenly distributed

Fig. 5 deformation 6 of a specially designed Biegeträgers 5 at a centrally applied load 1 and corresponding, evenly distributed

Counter burden 2

Fig. 6 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam 25 in the unloaded

Status

Fig. 7 Behavior of the opposing forces (18, 19) in a flat, stiff

Bending beam 10, which is centrally loaded 1, and then on a weak

16 and a more 17 curved surface rests

Fig. 8 Behavior of the opposing forces (18, 20) in an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam 13, which is centrally loaded with a well-defined force 1, and then on a weak 16 and a stronger

17 curved surface rests

Fig. 9 extremely preformed and yielding bending beam, the

Form matching in different cross-sections with a suitable, molded material is occupied

Fig. 10 extremely preformed and yielding bending beams in the unloaded

Condition, the material thickness changes in the course, or their

Edges are "sharpened"

Fig. 11 extremely preformed bending beam, the ends of which are unloaded

Condition one or more times overlap Production of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams by cutting a semi-finished profile

unbalanced extremely preformed bending beam, firmly clamped on one side, in the unloaded state 21 and its shape 22 after the application of a well-defined, uniformly distributed force. 2

Approach of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam with rigid segments 30 connected by suitable spring elements (31, 32)

Double-leg spring with suitably shaped legs (33, 34) for use as a connecting spring or element for rigid segments of saddle tree structure with a central over the spine

positioned, extremely preformed and yielding bending beam 44, are threaded on the saddle tree segments (45, 46, 47) by means of correspondingly shaped eyelets 49, in the operating state

Section of a section through a segment 45 and the bending beam 44, which holds the segment, due to the shape of the eyelet 49, movable in position

Saddle tree in the operating state with Trachtenplatten 62, which consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams 25, with seat 60 and contact area 63 between seat and Trachten section through the saddle tree structure in Fig. 18 in height of

Contact area 63, which allows rotation of the costume around an axis in the longitudinal direction

Longitudinal section through seat 60 and costume 62 with ropes 64 and mold portions 65 as elements that limit the back and over deformation of the formed from an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam costume 62 from the operating state

Trachten plates 67 of extremely preformed and yielding

Biegeträgerplatten in an otherwise treeless saddle 66 with direct introduction of the target load (rider weight) in the Trachtenplatten saddle tree in the operating state with one-piece saddle tree segments 45, by articulated spring elements, here in shape of double-pivot springs 38, are connected to a structure which, in effect, is functionally similar to the structure in FIG

Saddle tree structure with conventional central portion 40 and seating area 39, and front and Hinterzwieselabschnitten 45 which are connected to articulated spring elements, here in the form of double torsion springs 38, in the operating state

Saddle tree structure with saddle tree segment bridges 76 of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams in the operating state representation of the paths in the extremely preformed and yielding bending beam from the unloaded output form to the lower 78 and the upper 79 interval limit of the operating state

Comparison of the spring characteristics of a normal bending beam 80, and an extremely preformed and resilient bending beam 81

Section through sleeves threaded on a tensioning cable in tensioned condition (head surfaces in full contact)

Garment in the operating condition of parallel arranged, extremely preformed and yielding bending beams 85 and costume segments

Garment in operating condition of an extremely preformed and yielding longitudinal beam 85 and heel segments, which consist of narrow strips and can also consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams

integral garment in operating condition with extreme preforming and compliance in the longitudinal and transverse direction according to 25

extremely preformed and flexible bending beam 89, designed for a well-defined load at the two ends

extremely preformed and yielding bending beam 91, for example, designed for a well-defined load at several arbitrary locations

Saddle tree structure with trachten plates 94 in operating condition, consisting of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams according to 89 in Fig. 31 consist, with three articulated contact areas 95 to the indicated seat

Claims

claims

1. Load distribution structure for the distribution of a punctual mechanical force, e.g. caused by a weight, in particular for use as a saddle tree in a riding or carrying saddle, characterized in that for the structure of the structure of rod or plate-shaped bending beams are used, which in its unloaded state about an axis transverse to its longitudinal direction and / or along their width are U-shaped extremely strong, for example near 150 degrees, bent (25), with their strongest curvature being in or near the middle of the length, and these bending beams being geometrically and materially longitudinal in their course are designed so that they deform extremely strong at the intended load (target load), and then take the desired shape (target shape) only in this loaded state, in which they are also used practically, typically in an elongated form or close to this shape, for example slightly arched (15).

2. Load distribution structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the target load of a bending beam is that on the buckling in the unloaded state facing away from the surface side of the carrier (13), in the middle of the length relatively small area (63) or on a (1) or a plurality of points which are at a maximum distance of half the length of the carrier to each other, forces are initiated in well-defined strength, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier by the geometrically well-defined, corresponding to the target shape bearing surface (16, 17), corresponding reaction forces arise evenly over the entire length or surface (18), approximately evenly (20) or evenly distributed to several points (44) evenly, or in an extreme case, only two lying at the ends of points (84) possible are.

3. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target load of a bending beam is that on the buckle in the unloaded state facing surface side of the carrier (89) near or directly at both ends forces (90) in well-defined strength are initiated, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier by the geometrically well-defined, corresponding to the target surface contact surface, corresponding reaction forces arise, which are distributed over the entire length or area uniformly (93) or according to other specifications.

4. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target load of a bending beam (91) is that on a surface side at several, arbitrary points forces (92) are introduced in a well-defined strength, and the curvature of the open ends of the carrier in the unloaded state according to claim 2 points away from this surface side, and the curvature of the inner regions, which are located between the points of introduction of force according to claim 3 in the direction of the surface side, and on the opposite surface side of the carrier by the geometrically well-defined, corresponding with the target shape contact surface conditions, corresponding reaction forces arise, which there are distributed over the entire length or area evenly (93) or according to other specifications.

5. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extremely compliant behavior of the extremely preformed bending beam is used to deforms the bearing surface (16, 17) on which the load distribution structure rests, and on the load ( 1, 90, 92) is to be distributed, without significant changes to the height and the desired distribution of the opposing forces (18, 20, 93), in particular no pressure peaks (19), occur, the bending beam thereby directly on the support - Surface (16, 17) may lie or indirectly, lying in the power flow (44, 76), cause this behavior, eg by padding, support or other components separated from direct contact with the support surface.

6. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam in the longitudinal direction of individual pieces or segments (30), which may vary in length, is composed, and then these segments by accordingly designed resilient elements (31, 32) are connected so that under the target load in the total results in a behavior that approximately corresponds to that of a one-piece bending beam, wherein the use of such separate spring components, for example in the form of a double leg spring (34) and corresponding design of the Leg (33), in addition to the possibility that a segment can rotate relative to its neighboring segment with respect to the longitudinal direction, and the structure is thereby more flexible.

7. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the legs of the bending beams inserted therein in the unloaded state relative to their target shape for a less than close to 150 degrees may be rotated, in which case the path or movement ( 78) from the initial shape (13) to the beginning of the target shape interval (14) is at least 1.0 times the path or movement within the target shape interval (79) itself, and, on the other hand, more than 150 degrees, eg 220 (28), 580 (29) degrees or even several full angular turns can be bent, so that one then practically has a wound-up bending beam, where such

Characteristics is made possible in particular by the assembly and joining of segments with corresponding springs practically.

8. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extremely preformed and yielding designed bending beam in the middle, or the point of its greatest curvature, cut open and clamped there is fixed (21), and the desired behavior of conservation the favorable load distribution (2, 22) is then used with this half carrier in the case of changes in shape, wherein this half carrier can also be approximated by individual, rigid segments which are connected by spring elements or also only by a single segment (41) may consist of corresponding spring (38).

9. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recovery after a relief and / or a greater deformation at a higher than the intended load is limited by additional elements, for example, by traction cables, which are mounted appropriately (64), or carrier as a stop, which correspond to a shape that should not be exceeded (65) and possibly also have a different function, for example as a seat a saddle, or by additional means, such as on a tensioning cable (83) threaded and connected to the bending beam sleeves (82) having corresponding top surfaces, which cause the formation of a limiting shape during tensioning of the rope, in general these deformation-limiting Facilities also have non-linear properties and thus can additionally dampen vibration.

10. load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that extremely preformed and yielding bending beams (25) are used in a correspondingly flat design as costumes (62, 67, 94) in a saddle, where they cover the back carrying area, and the Loading force then from the seating area (66) directly, similar to a treeless saddle, or indirectly, for example via correspondingly shaped and attached to a seat pan (60) areas (63, 8, 95) or other elements (97), in the bending beam, the Make costumes, is introduced, the costumes or bending beams are then designed so that they exert in the operating state of the average target shape and the average target load to the back carrying area out a uniform or approximately uniform pressure on demselbigen, and such a costume also from one or more extremely preformed and yielding bending beams in rod form (85) exist can, if appropriate, are arranged in parallel, and forward the load acting on them on a number of arranged underneath national costumes segments (77), which costal segments also be very narrow (86) and even consist of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams (87) can.

11. Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extremely preformed and yielding

Bending beam in a segmental saddle tree as a central axis element (44) is used, and then symmetrical, pointing to both sides, double-wing-like boom are lined up on this, which cover the back carrying area and in the Middle have a molding area (43) for moving guide with degrees of freedom, these cantilevers may consist of one-piece saddle tree segments (45), or from corresponding three-piece saddle tree segments (46, 47), or even, in particular in the central region of the saddle tree structure, in one piece can be made with the central axis element (44).

12. load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that extremely preformed and yielding bending beams or functionally identical elements or assemblies are used only in individual areas or sections of a support structure or a saddle tree, for. only in the area of the front pommel (42) and / or the saddle tree segment in the form of a saddle tree segment, so that they only partially influence the effect of an overall structure, and that in the effect flow of an overall structure the use of extremely preformed and yielding bending beams can also be repeated, so that as in the example of the costume (88) or the combination of central bending beam (44) and Trachtensegmentbrücken (76), superimpose the desired effects.

13, load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the manufacture or configuration of an extremely preformed and yielding bending beam for a specific target load of a plurality of individual bending beams, which may be arranged in parallel or stacked, is composed, in particular also a

Main bending beam for a basic load and one or more

Supplementary bending beams with different load values and dimensions are possible, and the friction between these elements either deliberately minimized, or specifically promoted and exploited for vibration damping.

Load distribution structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire structure or a part thereof is contained in a multilayer bag system of flexible material, and this bag system then holds the individual elements in position, with individual pockets can also be provided freely for receiving additional or supplementary bending beams and components in order to adapt the overall system to a load or task, and the individual pockets are all or at least partially designed so that individual elements of the structure can be easily exchanged or additionally inserted, For example, they can be opened at the ends or lengthwise and are equipped with closures that are easy to open and close, eg Velcro.

15. riding or carrying saddle, comprising a load distribution structure for the distribution of a punctual mechanical force, characterized in that the

Load distribution structure in an unloaded state against the direction of the expected mechanical force has a bend with a defined minimum bending radius and that the load distribution structure in a loaded state has a bending radius in a range which is greater than the smallest bending radius.