EP3280786A1 - Procédé amélioré de traitement thermochimique de biomasse à l'aide de l'application régulée d'oxygène - Google Patents

Procédé amélioré de traitement thermochimique de biomasse à l'aide de l'application régulée d'oxygène

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Publication number
EP3280786A1
EP3280786A1 EP16744573.3A EP16744573A EP3280786A1 EP 3280786 A1 EP3280786 A1 EP 3280786A1 EP 16744573 A EP16744573 A EP 16744573A EP 3280786 A1 EP3280786 A1 EP 3280786A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
biomass
oxygen
temperature
thermo
treatment
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EP16744573.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
    • C10L2290/145—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/52—Hoppers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/56—Specific details of the apparatus for preparation or upgrading of a fuel
    • C10L2290/562—Modular or modular elements containing apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/58—Control or regulation of the fuel preparation of upgrading process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for thermo-chemical treatment of biomass. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of oxygen for heating biomass, the use of oxygen during thermo-chemical treatment of biomass, and the use of oxygen during a step of cooling biomass that has been thermo-chemically treated. The present invention also relates to a solid fuel product thus obtained. Background
  • WO 2005/056723 discloses the production of a solid fuel by a continuous torrefaction treatment of biomass. Oxygen is used in the combustion of the gases liberated during torrefaction.
  • US 2003/0221363 discloses a process for producing a solid fuel from biomass by first torrefying the biomass and then densifying it to make pellets. There is a large volume of patent publications related to the torrefaction of biomass that almost exclusively relate to the exclusion of oxygen from the process; which is understandable due to the highly pyrophoric behaviour of the biomass which could lead to spontaneous combustion.
  • WO 2012/1581 18 relates to a torrefaction process wherein an oxygen-containing gas is supplied in countercurrent to the torrefaction gases inside the torrefaction chamber.
  • an oxygen-containing gas is supplied in countercurrent to the torrefaction gases inside the torrefaction chamber.
  • the oxygen is supplied to the torrefaction gases which are thereby burned the heat is generated in the gaseous envelope and not in the biomass itself and is therefore far less efficient.
  • the amount of heat that is generated in the gaseous envelope and the part of that heat that is transferred on to the biomass is very difficult to control.
  • This method only addresses a way to accelerate the heating of the biomass, not controlling the torrefaction or carbonization phase in terms of temperature and or time.
  • thermo-chemical treatment it is preferred that the temperature remains within a certain predetermined bandwidth.
  • the methods according to the prior art there is a significant risk of a thermal runaway wherein the temperature increases to a value beyond the desired bandwidth, leading to pyrolysis or carbonisation of the biomass, which leads to a decrease in energy content of the solid fuel obtained.
  • said process comprises steps 1 ), 2), 3) and 4) and wherein steps 2), 3) , and 4) are carried out in separate reactors or reaction chambers.
  • one or more additional controlled flows of oxygen are supplied to the biomass during one or more of 2) and/or 4), preferably the (additional) controlled flow of oxygen is a controlled flow of oxygen gas or oxygen-containing gas.
  • the oxygen is supplied during the total duration of the treatment step 3).
  • the treatment step 3) is stopped by stopping the controlled flow of oxygen.
  • oxygen is supplied during at least part of heating step 2) and during at least part of cooling step 4).
  • Figure 2 discloses a flow diagram of the steps in the present process.
  • Figure 5 discloses the flow of heating gases through the embodiment in Figure 3.
  • Figure 8 discloses the cross section of the application of oxygen.
  • Controlled flow means: that the amount of oxygen added to the biomass is controlled in order to achieve the desired effect.
  • the amount of oxygen added may be increased, decreased, stopped or started in order to achieve the desired effect.
  • the key to the present invention is the controlled supply of oxygen to biomass during one or more steps of this process.
  • the oxygen may be supplied in the form of an oxygen gas or oxygen-containing gas, e.g. air.
  • the oxygen is supplied in such a manner that it comes into direct contact with the biomass. This can for example be the injection directly into the biomass or the addition thereof below the biomass so that it may rise through the biomass. It does not encompass the addition of oxygen to the gases above the biomass in the reaction chamber.
  • the present inventors have found out that oxygen may provide two essential effects to the solid fuel product: i) oxygen was found to reduce the pyrophoricity of the resulting solid fuel and; ii) oxygen was moreover found to increase the in-particle homogeneity of the solid fuel; the fifth aspect of the present invention relates to this.
  • the process for thermo-chemical treatment of biomass can be divided into several distinct steps or phases; not all of these are required for the process according to the present invention. Each of these steps or phases is discussed in more detail below. The preferred embodiments for each of these steps is also discussed with these steps.
  • said process comprises steps 1), 2), and 3) and wherein steps 2), and 3) are carried out in separate reactors or reaction chambers.
  • biomass may for example be wood-based, grass-based and plant-based biomass.
  • Each of these biomasses has a specific composition (including a specific moisture content) as well as a specific size.
  • Mixture of one or more types and/or batches of biomass may also be used in the present invention.
  • the feedstock is as homogeneous as possible, in respect to size of the particles, moisture content and chemical constitution. The more homogeneous the feedstock, the more homogeneous the end product will be.
  • the biomass that is supplied may be directly obtained from the source or it may be subjection to prior passive drying, e.g. drying without the addition of energy, or drying with forced circulation of air (e.g. by fans).
  • FIG. 1 provides a graphical representation of a thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) for four different types of biomass (viz. willow, bamboo, coconut shell and wood) taken from a publication by Wei-Hsin Chen (" 3 ⁇ 4 study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry", Energy, 35, 2010, pages 2580-2586). This is non-limiting list of biomasses that may be used and optimal temperature ranges for the thermo-chemical treatment.
  • TGA thermo-gravimetric analysis
  • the step of drying is separate from the step of heating.
  • the step of drying is carried out in a separate reactor or reaction chamber as the step of heating; preferably the biomass is first dried in a drying reactor/reaction chamber set to a temperature of drying and then the dried biomass is transferred to a heating reactor/reaction chamber.
  • the step of drying is carried out at a different temperature than the steps of heating and/or treatment.
  • This step relates to the heating of a biomass either as supplied or as previously reduced in size and/or dried.
  • This step is an essential step in the process according to the present invention.
  • This step relates to the increasing of the temperature of the biomass from a supplied biomass temperature T s or a dried biomass temperature T d or a temperature in between to a heated biomass temperature T h .
  • the present inventors believe that during the step of heating any remaining water in the biomass (either as supplied or as pre-dried) that is either structurally or physically absorbed will be removed.
  • This first phase of the heating process may also be referred to as final drying.
  • the temperature at the beginning of the heating step may vary according to possible pre- drying and/or pre-treatment.
  • the flow of oxygen is adjusted during the residence time in order to keep the temperature of the biomass between T tm j n and T tma x , preferably during the entire step and hence the flow of oxygen at the various places in the reactor may fluctuate in time.
  • oxygen is supplied to quickly initiate the torrefaction of the biomass; in other words, the addition of oxygen increases the temperature of the biomass by directly heating said biomass by reaction between the biomass and the oxygen. This increases the temperature from T h to Ttmin and starts the torrefaction process. Over the length of the reactor oxygen can be supplied in order to allow an accurate control of the temperature of the biomass.
  • the temperature of the process can e.g. be determined by measuring the temperature of the torrefaction gas (e.g. by a thermocouple).
  • another level of control that can be used in additional to oxygen-based control is to vary the indirect heating of the reactor/reaction chamber; which has a slow response time in comparison with the fast response time of the oxygen-based control.
  • yet another level of control that can be used in additional to oxygen-based control and/or indirect heating variation is to vary the residence time in the reactor/reaction chamber; this controls the time of treatment and hence the properties of the final product.
  • the treatment according to the present invention may be torrefaction or carbonization. Most preferably, the present invention relates to a torrefaction treatment.
  • said thermo-chemical treatment is torrefaction and the (cooled) thermo-chemically treated biomass is (cooled) torrefied biomass.
  • the T t may be denoted as torrefaction temperature instead of treatment temperature.
  • thermo-chemical treatment The temperature of thermo-chemical treatment is denoted as T t and depends on the type of biomass used. This is the optimal temperature for effecting thermo-chemical treatment of said specific biomass.
  • the thermo-chemical treatment is preferably carried out in a range of temperature between T tmin and T tmax , wherein T tmin ⁇ T t ⁇ T tmax .
  • the difference between T tmin and T t is the same or substantially the same as the difference between T t and Ttmax, in other words, T t is in the middle of the range of T tm j n and T tma x.
  • T tm j n is at least 10 °C, preferably at least 20 °C higher than T h.
  • the cooling rate in the step of cooling is preferably between 10 and 50 °C/minute, more preferably between 30 and 40 °C/minute.
  • the residence time in the step of cooling is determined by the desired temperature T c .
  • the flow of oxygen in the step of cooling is preferably applied in the final part of the cooling reactor where potential reactiveness of the torrefied biomass is already reduced.
  • the contact time of oxygen with the biomass in the step of cooling is preferably between 0.5 and 1 second.
  • Figure 2 shows a flow diagram showing an embodiment of the process flow with the following (optional) process steps: step 1 : supply of biomass; [optional] step 1 a: reducing in size of biomass; [optional] step 1 b:drying of biomass ; step 2: heating of biomass; step 3: thermo- chemically treating of biomass; [optional] step 4: cooling of torrefied biomass and [optional] step 5: densifying of torrefied biomass.
  • Oxygen or oxygen containing gas such as air may be supplied by any suitable means provided the application meets the demands of supplying the oxygen in the required volume directly in or under the biomass and with the maximum speed to guarantee the required contact time and to avoid the creation of chimneys, channels, pockets or fluidized bed.
  • An oxygen or oxygen containing gas dosing device will be mounted gastight to the mantle of the reactor within which the biomass is contained at a location directly below the biomass and is connected to an oxygen source.
  • the mantle is perforated with a plurality of small orifices or openings (e.g. between 1 and 5 mm, such as 3 mm in diameter). This allows for oxygen to be entered into the biomass.
  • the process is carried out in a continuous manner wherein e.g. auger (screw) based reactors are connected in series, each having its own purpose.
  • auger screw
  • other types of reaction systems e.g. based on drums or a multi-hearth furnace may also be used in the process according to the present invention.
  • the present inventors have observed that due to the removal of water and partially gasification there is a significant reduction in volume going from the biomass as starting material to the solid fuel as end product. This reduction in volume should be taken into account in the design and set up of the different process stages.
  • Direct heat may be applied by using hot gases (preferably that which are removed from the indirect heating process) that are injected (e.g. in counter current) directly in the biomass.
  • hot gases preferably that which are removed from the indirect heating process
  • injected e.g. in counter current
  • the present inventors have observed that the combination of direct and indirect heating provides better drying performances that the sum of the two separately.
  • Direct heating using e.g. thermal oil or steam may also be contemplated.
  • the dried biomass is transported to a heating system comprising or one or more heaters.
  • the drying system is separated from the heating system, e.g. by a lock, to prevent gas exchange. Wet gas is removed from this system comprising the moisture that is removed from the biomass.
  • One or more temperature sensors for measuring the biomass temperature may be present.
  • One or more temperature sensors for measuring the gas temperature may be present.
  • a mantle may surround the heating reactor; said mantle functioning as a heat exchanger with the inside of the reactor when hot gases are transported through said mantle.
  • Cooling system A cooling system may include an indirectly cooled auger rotating in a cylindrical pipe containing a mantle through which cold liquid - preferably cold water - is led to cool the biomass to the required temperature (T c ).
  • the cooling system may comprise one or more oxygen suppliers through which oxygen gas or gas containing oxygen can be supplied to treated biomass.
  • One or more temperature sensors for measuring the biomass temperature may be present.
  • One or more temperature sensors for measuring the gas temperature may be present.
  • the heat distribution system is designed to distribute heat to all system components.
  • the hot flue gases exiting the combustor are used to provide heat for the (external) drying system, the heating reactor, and the torrefaction reactor.
  • the heat distribution system is an arrangement of valves, ventilators, optionally water injection nozzles to decrease the heat of the gas if required, and heat exchangers aimed to ensure that every component in the system that requires heat (e.g. dryers, heaters and/or reactors) is supplied with the adequate amount of heat at the right temperature.
  • the present process may however be used in any system suitable for thermo-chemical treatment of biomass whether heated directly or indirectly and in which biomass is maintained in one particular enclosure as is the case in a batch oriented process or propelled through a system in a (semi-)continuous process via an auger or screw, rotating drum, oscillating bed, rotating arm or other mechanical means or even by gravity as in e.g. a moving bed principle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermochimique de biomasse, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : Étape 1) fournir de la biomasse ; Étape 2) chauffer ladite biomasse obtenue dans l'étape 1) à une température prédéterminée Th pour obtenir une biomasse chauffée ; et Étape 3) le traitement thermochimiquement de ladite biomasse chauffée obtenue dans l'étape 2) à une température Tt comprise entre une température de traitement minimale Ttmin et une température de traitement maximale Ttmax, dans laquelle Th < Ttmin, en fournissant un flux régulé d'oxygène à ladite biomasse au cours d'au moins une partie dudit traitement pour obtenir une biomasse traitée thermochimiquement ; Étape 4) refroidir éventuellement ladite biomasse traitée thermochimiquement, obtenue à l'étape 3), à une température Tc refroidie, afin d'obtenir un combustible solide, et au combustible solide ainsi obtenu.
EP16744573.3A 2015-06-15 2016-06-13 Procédé amélioré de traitement thermochimique de biomasse à l'aide de l'application régulée d'oxygène Withdrawn EP3280786A1 (fr)

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US201562175793P 2015-06-15 2015-06-15
NL2015476 2015-09-21
PCT/NL2016/050424 WO2016204610A1 (fr) 2015-06-15 2016-06-13 Procédé amélioré de traitement thermochimique de biomasse à l'aide de l'application régulée d'oxygène

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EP3771739A1 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-03 CEG Technology UK Limited Procédé et appareil de traitement à sec de charbon et de coke à chaud

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US20030221363A1 (en) 2002-05-21 2003-12-04 Reed Thomas B. Process and apparatus for making a densified torrefied fuel
NL1025027C2 (nl) 2003-12-15 2005-06-21 Stichting Energie Werkwijze en stelsel voor de productie van vaste stoffen uit grondstoffen.
CA2834324C (fr) 2011-05-18 2019-11-26 Bioendev Ab Torrefaction amelioree par introduction d'oxygene a contre-courant
CA2834322C (fr) * 2011-05-18 2019-04-02 Bioendev Ab Procede et agencement pour la torrefaction efficace d'une biomasse
EP3176244A1 (fr) * 2011-11-04 2017-06-07 River Basin Energy, Inc. Procédé de granulation de biomasse torréfié

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