EP3279874B1 - Access control device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an access control device, in particular one for access control in buildings, comprising a lock cylinder with a key channel formed in a rotatable cylinder core and a key that can be inserted into the key channel, the key and the lock cylinder for infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements Have wireless energy and / or data transmission between the lock cylinder and the key.

Various requirements are placed on modern locking systems. Locking systems are mostly used in larger buildings in which access to a large number of rooms or building sections is to be individually controlled. In order to meet the need for frequently changing authorizations, locking systems are often equipped with access control devices that have electronic authorization query means. The authorization information is stored on electronic identification media.

Access control devices in the context of the invention are, for example, those devices with which a method for access control can be carried out, especially in buildings, in which a unidirectional or bidirectional data transmission takes place between an electronic key and a locking device or a lock and in the access control device an access authorization check is carried out, with a blocking means for the optional release or blocking of access being activated as a function of the access authorization determined.

In the context of the invention, a blocking means is e.g. a mechanically acting blocking element which can be moved between a blocking and a release position, a mechanical or magnetic coupling element which an actuating element, e.g. a key inserted into a key channel of a rotatable cylinder core, coupled or decoupled with a locking element, or an electrically lockable and / or releasable locking element, e.g. an electric door opener, understand.

Access control devices are used in particular to block or unblock access to rooms depending on the access authorization and are accordingly mostly intended for installation in doors, windows and the like.

Various functions of an access control device require electrical energy, e.g. for determining access authorization based on electronic authorization information. The electrical energy is required both for sending data from a key or identification medium to the access control unit and for receiving the data in the access control unit as well as for evaluating the received data.

Various methods are known for near-field communication, such as, for example, according to the RFID or NFC standard, in which an electrical energy store is only provided on the receiver side, ie on the lock side. In the course of an authorization query, energy is transmitted between the receiver and the transmitter via a Coupling on the basis of alternating magnetic fields, so that the transmitter, ie the identification medium, receives the energy required for data transmission from the receiver. The identification medium is often designed as a passive RFID or NFC transponder.

In the context of the energy transfer via a coupling based on alternating magnetic fields, there are significant energy losses. These include leakage, eddy currents, e.g. can be induced in metallic components arranged in close proximity, as well as the absorption of the energy of the antenna field in materials with a high dielectric constant. The energy losses result in high power consumption, so that e.g. designed as a battery, arranged in a lock-side component energy store must be replaced frequently, which is associated with a high handling effort and low user friendliness.

Access control devices have also become known in which the electrical energy from the lock cylinder is transmitted to the key with contact, the key preferably also being read out with contact. However, these systems have the disadvantage that the contact-based connection does not function reliably, for example because of grease, oxidation or other impurities on the electrical contacts. Furthermore, access control devices have become known in which electrical energy is transmitted from the lock cylinder to the key by means of infrared, wherein infrared can also be used for data transmission. WO9520088 A1 describes an arrangement for an electronic lock and key system. DE20107870 U1 describes a rosette for an associated lock cylinder. The subject of EP 235703 A1 are those for them Light and photodiodes required for infrared transmission are arranged on the flat side of the key shaft or in the key channel. However, this has the disadvantage that the photo or light-emitting diodes can easily be misplaced due to the impurities introduced into the key channel during each locking process, as a result of which the data or energy transmission is impaired.

The present invention is therefore aimed at developing an access control device in such a way that the reliability of the data and / or energy transmission via infrared is improved and the possibilities for using infrared data transmission are expanded.

To solve this problem, the invention essentially provides for an access control device of the type mentioned at the outset that the infrared transmission and / or reception element of the key is arranged on the bow of the key and the infrared transmission and / or reception element of the Lock cylinder arranged on the front side of the lock cylinder is characterized in that the infrared transmitting and / or receiving element of the lock cylinder is arranged on the front side of the cylinder core. This ensures that the infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements of the key and of the lock cylinder are positioned directly opposite one another or at a short distance from one another when the key is inserted into the key channel, so that the transmission power can be used and energy consumption can be reduced . Due to the inventive arrangement of the infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements, the infrared transmission path is arranged outside of the key channel, so that the data and / or energy transmission is free from interference caused by in the Key channel entered impurities can be caused. The infrared transmission path extends between the bow of the key and the face of the lock cylinder. The end face of the lock cylinder denotes that side or surface on which the mouth of the key channel is arranged and from which the key is thus inserted into the lock cylinder core.

Furthermore, due to the short infrared transmission distance, the possibility of undesired interference with the data transmission is minimized, in particular the possibility of eavesdropping and intercepting the communication. Because the short infrared transmission distance enables low transmission power and the signal strength decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the infrared transmitter, eavesdropping on the data transmission by unauthorized persons due to signal propagation caused by light scattering, light reflection or the like is almost impossible.

A further advantage of the inventive arrangement of an infrared receiving element on the face of the lock cylinder is that these receiving elements can also easily be reached directly by infrared transmission devices other than the key. Such transmission devices enable infrared data transmission to the lock cylinder or to an element connected to the lock cylinder for the purposes of programming and parameterizing the access control device, such as for firmware updates, blacklist updates and / or authorization data updates. In particular, the said transmission devices could with Such a high transmission power work that a plurality of locally adjacent access control devices can be programmed or parameterized at the same time, for example a plurality of access control devices attached to adjacent hotel rooms.

The inventive arrangement of the infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements also means that the key shaft and the key channel can remain free of transmitting and / or receiving elements, which results in fewer restrictions in the design of any mechanical coding of the key.

According to the invention, it is provided that the infrared transmitting and / or receiving element of the lock cylinder is arranged on the end face of the cylinder core. The infrared transmitting and / or receiving element of the lock cylinder is thus arranged to rotate with the cylinder core, so that the data and / or energy transmission between the key and the lock cylinder even during the rotation of the cylinder core, e.g. can be maintained during a locking or unlocking process.

In order to ensure that the infrared transmission route is as direct and as short as possible, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the Infrared transmitting and / or receiving element of the key is arranged on one of the end face of the lock cylinder in the inserted state in the key channel facing side of the bow.

The infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements of the lock cylinder and the key are particularly preferably arranged so that the infrared transmission path between the infrared transmitting and / or receiving elements is less than 10mm, preferably less than 10mm, when the key is inserted into the key channel 5mm, particularly preferably less than 3mm.

If the energy or data transmission is only to take place in one direction, the key comprises an infrared transmission element and the locking cylinder comprises an infrared receiving element, or vice versa, the locking cylinder comprises an infrared transmission element and the key comprises an infrared receiving element. If, on the other hand, the energy or data transmission is to take place in both directions, the key and the lock cylinder each include an infrared transmission and reception element.

The infrared transmitting element can preferably comprise one or more infrared LEDs. The infrared receiving element can, for example, comprise radiation detectors made of pyroelectric materials or of semiconductors, infrared-sensitive solar cells, infrared-sensitive phototransistors or infrared-sensitive photodiodes.

In order to enable energy to be transmitted between the key and the lock cylinder, it is preferably provided that a current or voltage source feeds the infrared transmitting and possibly receiving element of a component selected from the key and lock cylinder and that the infrared receiving and possibly - Sending element of the other component selected from a key and lock cylinder supplies an energy store or an electrical consumer in the other component with electrical energy. The energy can either be transferred from the key to the lock cylinder or vice versa from the lock cylinder to the key. In the first case, the energy store or electrical consumer fed by the infrared receiving element is arranged in the lock cylinder or an element electrically connected to it. In the second case, the energy store or electrical consumer fed by the infrared receiving element is arranged in the key. A current or voltage source is accordingly provided in the other component.

The current or voltage source can be formed by an electrical energy store, such as a battery, or by an energy converter for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy. The provision of an energy converter which is arranged either in the key or in the lock cylinder or in a component mechanically coupled to this is particularly advantageous. The energy converter can, for example, in accordance with the AT 501725 B1 , AT 509465 B1 and or AT 502682 B1 be designed as described construction. Such converters are designed, for example, as an electrical generator and have a magnetic circuit and an induction coil through which the magnetic flux passes, the Magnetic circuit or the induction coil is designed as a movable component and the other part is designed as a fixed component. An induction voltage is induced by the movement of the movably arranged component in the induction system. The movable component can be designed as a flywheel, as shown, for example, in the EP 1039074 A1 has become known. Such a design ensures a self-sufficient energy supply, since the electrical energy generated by the flywheel generator can be temporarily stored in an energy storage device and, if necessary, is made available to the electrical circuit for checking access authorization or for electrically actuating the lock. Flywheel generators are particularly suitable for integration in keys, as in this case the flywheel is set in motion, similar to wristwatches, due to the constant carrying along and the mechanical vibrations caused by it.

Another embodiment of the energy converter, which is preferred for integration in the lock cylinder, provides that the movable component of the converter is driven by the movement of the key in the key channel of the lock cylinder. In particular, when the key is inserted, a collision occurs with the movably arranged part of the transducer system or with a driver that deflects the movably arranged part, which can oscillate freely after release, whereby electrical energy can be withdrawn from the system during each period of the oscillation process. It is preferably provided here that the movable component of the transducer is held by a leaf spring and closed Oscillating movements is arranged deflectable in only one plane. Because the mechanically movable part of the transducer system is held by a leaf spring, friction-free guidance of the moving part is achieved, with the design of the spring as a leaf spring only allowing movement in a single plane so that exact guidance is ensured. With such a design, the distances between the movable component and the stationary component can be selected to be very small, since hardly any tolerances have to be taken into account due to the exact guidance. By using a leaf spring as a holding part for the movable component, an oscillating movement is carried out after a corresponding deflection of the component, so that magnetic flux changes are caused per unit of time in the induction coil and a voltage is thus induced. The characteristics of the leaf spring can be set in such a way that an AC voltage frequency of> 50 Hertz, in particular 50-100 Hertz, 100-200 Hz and / or 200-300 Hz, is generated.

In the context of the invention, it is sufficient if the energy converter generates relatively little electrical energy because, due to the low-loss energy transfer achieved by the invention, sufficient electrical energy still reaches the consumer. The energy converter is preferably arranged in the lock cylinder or an element electrically connected to the lock cylinder and feeds the key with electrical energy via the infrared energy transmission path and also feeds the loads arranged in the lock cylinder or in the element electrically connected to the lock cylinder, such as an access control circuit for checking access authorization with electrical energy.

In general, the checking of the access authorization can take place in various ways within the scope of the present invention. The key bit of the key can, for example, have a mechanically scannable coding which comprises a longitudinal profile of the key bit and / or on one or two opposite edges of the key bit a plurality of successive elevations and depressions with control edges associated with the elevations, which are used to actuate locking elements , such as Pin tumblers, of the shooting cylinder are formed.

In addition to the mechanically scannable coding or as an alternative to this, electronically coded authorization information can be provided. For this purpose, the invention is preferably further developed in such a way that the key comprises an electronic memory for authorization information and that the lock cylinder or an element connected to it comprises an access control circuit, data transmission means being provided so that the access control circuit releases access as a function of the authorization information or locks.

The authorization information is available, for example, as an electronic code which can be read out electronically by the reading units of the lock cylinder and evaluated with regard to access authorization. It is not absolutely necessary that the electronic code is actually transmitted. Rather, the access authorization can also be determined by means of an authentication and / or identification protocol between the access control circuit and the key, ie with cryptographic methods with which it can be determined without transmitting the sensitive codes whether the key and the access control circuit have the same secret which corresponds to an access authorization.

Authorization information includes e.g. Identification or access codes and / or access conditions such as to understand authorized access time, authorized access day, authorized access date of a user and the like. In particular, the authorization information is obtained from a secret key, which is individual to the lock cylinder, i.e. an identifier identifying the lock cylinder, and optionally a time restriction of authorization.

The data transmission between the key and the lock cylinder, via which the authorization data are queried in order to determine the access authorization, can in principle take place as desired. The data is particularly preferably transmitted via an infrared data transmission path between the key and the lock cylinder, with the infrared transmitting and receiving elements already provided for the energy transmission being able to be used. In this context, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the data transmission means comprise the infrared transmitting and receiving elements between the key and the lock cylinder. The Benefit of the very low power consumption used for data communication via infrared data transmission. Alternatively, separate infrared transmitting and receiving elements can also be provided for the energy and data transmission.

The electronics required on the key-side for infrared data communication can preferably be accommodated in the front of the key.

Alternatively, the data transmission means can be designed separately from the energy transmission means and e.g. be designed for inductive wireless, capacitive or radio transmission of data between the key and the lock cylinder. The data is then transmitted, for example, by means of near-field communication, in particular according to the RFID, NFC, JCOP (Java Card OpenPlatform) or MIFARE DESFire standard. Alternatively, the data can also be transmitted via electromagnetic waves, i.e. via a radio system.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing. In this show Fig. 1 a key in a side view, Fig. 2 the key according to Fig. 1 in a front view and Fig. 3 a lock cylinder in which the key according to the Figs. 1 and 2 is insertable.

In Fig. 1 a key 1 is shown which comprises a bow 2 and a key shaft 3. The key shaft 3 can be provided with a code in a conventional manner, such as a code that can be scanned mechanically and / or magnetically. Key 1 is on Reide 2 now, according to the invention, an infrared transmitting and / or receiving element which, in the case of a transmitting element, can be designed as an infrared LED and, in the case of a receiving element, as a photodiode or the like. In the case of an infrared transmitting and receiving element, both a transmitting and a receiving element are provided, which can either be designed as two separate components, preferably arranged side by side, or can be integrated into a single component. The infrared transmitting and / or receiving element can be arranged, for example, at the point marked 4 on the bow 2 or at the point marked 5. In both cases, the transmission element has such a radiation angle that the resulting radiation cone, in particular its axis of symmetry, is directed towards the reception element of the lock cylinder 6. The angle of radiation is preferably selected to be narrow, in particular less than 20 °, preferably less than 10 °, in order to minimize energy consumption and to reduce the portion of radiation that cannot be used due to scattering and the like.

In Fig. 3 a lock cylinder 6 is shown, which is designed in particular as a Euro profile cylinder. The cylinder can also be designed as a Swiss round cylinder or as a Scandinavian oval cylinder, for example. The lock cylinder 6 comprises a cylinder core 8, which has a key channel 12 and is rotatably mounted in the cylinder housing 7. The rotation of the cylinder core 8 is blocked until the presence of an authorized key is detected. The authorization check can be carried out electronically as described. With the rotation of the cylinder core 2, one is not Coupled locking lug shown, which is arranged to operate a locking bolt of a lock or the like. To operate. At the end of the lock cylinder 6, an infrared transmitting and / or receiving element is now provided, which is arranged on the cylinder core 8 (position 9 or 10). The infrared transmission and / or reception element of the lock cylinder 6 is arranged opposite the infrared transmission and / or reception element of the key 1 when it is inserted into the key channel 12, so that when the infrared transmission and / or reception element is arranged of the key 1 at the position 5, the infrared transmitting and / or receiving element of the lock cylinder 6 is preferably arranged at the position 10. When the infrared transmission and / or reception element of the key 1 is arranged at position 4, the infrared transmission and / or reception element of the lock cylinder 6 is preferably arranged at position 9. In both cases, the transmission element of the lock cylinder 6 has such a radiation angle that the resulting radiation cone, in particular its axis of symmetry, is directed towards the reception element of the key 1. The angle of radiation is preferably selected to be narrow, in particular less than 20 °, preferably less than 10 °, in order to minimize energy consumption and to reduce the portion of radiation that cannot be used due to scattering and the like. When the key 1 has been inserted into the key channel 12, the key 1 and the key 1 take place via the infrared transmission and / or reception elements Lock cylinder 6 a wireless data transmission and / or an energy supply, in particular the key 1 instead.

Claims (10)

1. Access control device comprising a lock cylinder with a key channel formed in a rotatable cylinder core and a key that can be inserted into the key channel, the key and the lock cylinder comprising infrared transmitting and/or receiving elements for wireless energy and/or data transmission between the lock cylinder and the key, wherein the infrared transmitting and/or receiving element of the key (1) is arranged on the bow (2) of the key (1) and the infrared transmitting and/or receiving element of the lock cylinder (6) is arranged on the front side of the lock cylinder (6), characterized in that the infrared transmitting and/or receiving element of the lock cylinder (6) is arranged on the front side of the cylinder core (8).
2. Access control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the infrared transmitting and/or receiving element of the key (1) is arranged on a side of the bow (2) that faces the front side of the lock cylinder (6) when the key (1) is inserted into the key channel (12).
3. Access control device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the infrared transmitting and/or receiving elements of the lock cylinder (6) and the key (1) are arranged so that the infrared transmission path between the infrared transmitting and/or receiving elements is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, particularly preferably less than 3 mm, when the key (1) is inserted into the key channel (12).
4. Access control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a current or voltage source feeds the infrared transmitting and optionally receiving element of a component selected from the key (1) and the lock cylinder (6) and that the infrared receiving and optionally transmitting element of the other component selected from the key (1) and the lock cylinder (6) supplies an energy storage or an electrical consumer in the other component with electrical energy.
5. Access control device according to claim 4, characterized in that the current or voltage source comprises an electrical energy storage, such as a battery, or an energy converter for converting kinetic energy into electrical energy.
6. Access control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the key (1) comprises an electronic memory for authorization information and that the lock cylinder (6) or an element connected to it comprises an access control circuit, data transmission means being provided so that the access control circuit enables or blocks access depending on the authorization information.
7. Access control device according to claim 6, characterized in that the access control circuit forms the electrical consumer and/or the energy storage feeds the access control circuit and/or the current or voltage source feeds the access control circuit with electrical energy.
8. Access control device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the data transmission means comprise the infrared transmitting and/or receiving elements of the key (1) and of the lock cylinder (6).
9. Access control device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the data transmission means are designed for inductive, capacitive or radio transmission of data between the key (1) and the lock cylinder (6).
10. Lock cylinder for an Access control device according to one of claims 1 to 9.

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