EP3278330A1 - Acoustic impedance matching device and loudspeaker provided with such a device - Google Patents
Acoustic impedance matching device and loudspeaker provided with such a deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3278330A1 EP3278330A1 EP16712972.5A EP16712972A EP3278330A1 EP 3278330 A1 EP3278330 A1 EP 3278330A1 EP 16712972 A EP16712972 A EP 16712972A EP 3278330 A1 EP3278330 A1 EP 3278330A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- loudspeaker
- chamber
- absorbent material
- speaker
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 fibrous Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
- H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
- H04R1/288—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding for loudspeaker transducers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/002—Devices for damping, suppressing, obstructing or conducting sound in acoustic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
- H04R1/2861—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn
- H04R1/2865—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn for loudspeaker transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/30—Combinations of transducers with horns, e.g. with mechanical matching means, i.e. front-loaded horns
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of acoustics, and more specifically to that of loudspeakers. More specifically, it relates to a particular design of an acoustic impedance matching device forming a horn or horn arranged at the rear of a loudspeaker. Previous techniques
- the loudspeakers are electroacoustic devices, which comprise a movable membrane which moves according to the sound signal to be reproduced.
- This mobile membrane generates a pressure wave by setting in motion the air mass located at the front of the loudspeaker. In doing so, the air mass that is located at the back of the membrane is also set in motion, thus generating a pressure wave in the rear part of the speaker.
- this rear wave can be reflected towards the rear face of the membrane and thus disturb its vibration behavior, it can introduce unwanted distortions and a modification of the response. frequency.
- the invention described below proposes a solution that makes it possible to reduce all these phenomena while benefiting from a good level of acoustic absorption. Presentation of the invention
- the postulate of the study is based on the fact that a high particle velocity associated with a high absorbent density can be sources of undesired nonlinear phenomena.
- the invention therefore proposes a progressive absorption solution where the particle velocity decreases as the acoustic absorbent density increases.
- the invention relates to an acoustic impedance matching device, arranged to be mounted behind a loudspeaker, and comprising a chamber at least partially filled with an absorbent material.
- This device is characterized in that the section of the chamber is growing away from the loudspeaker. Additionally, the density of the absorbent material is also increasing as it moves away from the speaker.
- the invention consists in using a flag geometry opposite to those of the prior art, this to reduce the particle speed by approaching the end of the flag.
- the amount and density of absorbent material filling the flag increases away from the speaker, which compensates for the drop in particle speed in terms of sound absorption.
- the invention consists in controlling the acoustic absorption phenomena by the presence of an absorbent which is relatively sparse in the immediate vicinity of the loudspeaker, and which densifies as it approaches the opposite end. .
- the absorbent materials and in particular the fibrous materials, do not have a linear acoustic behavior, because of the viscoelastic effect of the fibers.
- the phenomena of air friction at the entrance of the roof are reduced and the acoustic absorption within the roof so is more progressive.
- the low density of the absorbent material near the entrance of the pavilion limits the phenomena of sound reflection. Absorption is, however, effectively ensured by a higher density of the absorbent material as acoustic waves progress in the horn.
- the widening of the pavilion section makes it possible to reduce the air velocity in the zone where the absorbent material is denser, which thus limits the nonlinear phenomena while ensuring a satisfactory absorption.
- the gradual and simultaneous variation of the absorbent density and the particle velocity allows the invention to limit the reflection phenomena, to benefit from a good level of acoustic absorption and to reduce the non linearities inherent to the use of materials such as fibrous, textile and open cell foams.
- the absorbent material may fill the entire chamber, or only a part of this chamber.
- the end of the chamber opposite the loudspeaker may be closed or open. Both solutions each have distinct advantages.
- the open solution allows a total absence of reflection of the sound waves towards the rear face of the speaker's membrane, which improves the performances in terms of acoustic absorption.
- a residual portion of the back wave can be found outside the device, that is to say the listening space, and come to be superimposed on the front wave generated by the loudspeaker, which may in some cases slightly disturb the acoustic response of the device. This disadvantage can, however, be considered marginal in view of the good sound absorption performance.
- the solution with a closed flag ensures a complete absence of the back wave in the listening space. This may be an advantage in some configurations, even if the residual part of the back wave that will not be fully absorbed by the device will reflect against the closed wall and may slightly disturb the vibratory behavior of the speaker diaphragm.
- the choice of an open or closed solution will therefore be based on other parameters such as the type of speaker concerned (tweeter, midrange, woofer), the type of cabinet used, and finally the type of acoustic speaker to be made .
- the ratio between the maximum and minimum sections of the chamber is advantageously greater than five.
- the section of the roof widens by a ratio greater than five, between the entrance of the pavilion on the side of the speaker and the opposite end. It should be noted that this increase of the section can be done in one or two directions, so that the overall size of the pavilion is not excessive.
- the absorbent material is generally selected from fibrous materials, textiles and open-cell foams.
- the chamber has two walls between which is located the absorbent material, the two walls having parallel outer faces, and non-parallel inner faces.
- the homogeneous density material is compressed between the two walls whose outer faces are kept parallel, the compression is done with a progression that generates the desired spatial density variation.
- the invention also relates to a set consisting of a loudspeaker and an acoustic absorption device as described above.
- the solutions in which the input of the chamber is preferred will be preferred. has a section substantially equal to the rear section of the speaker.
- the characteristic chamber is in the extension of the opening of the rear of the speaker by which is expelled the air set in motion by the membrane.
- the combination of the loudspeaker and the horn may include an additional connecting element, connecting the mounting area to the loudspeaker and the chamber itself, so that the difference in section between the zone of connection and the entrance to the room is as progressive as possible, and that section steps are avoided which are sources of untimely reflections.
- the loudspeaker is incorporated in a box, and in this case, the absorption chamber is mounted on the box.
- the shape of the box and the opening of the chamber are chosen so that the section presented to the acoustic waves is as progressive as possible, and limits parasitic reflection phenomena.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal sectional view of a loudspeaker motor associated with an acoustic adaptation device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a summary perspective view of the acoustic adaptation device of FIG. 1
- FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of the device of FIG. 2, respectively along sectional planes ⁇ - ⁇ , IV-IV and V-V;
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are brief perspective views of alternative embodiments of the acoustic adaptation device
- Figures 8 and 9 are summary perspective views showing the various components of an alternative embodiment of the acoustic matching device, respectively before and after assembly;
- Figures 10, 1 1 and 12 are longitudinal sectional views of three embodiments of a loudspeaker equipped with an acoustic matching device according to the invention.
- the invention relates to an acoustic impedance matching device, which is intended to be implanted at the rear of a speaker.
- acoustic impedance matching device which is intended to be implanted at the rear of a speaker.
- Different configurations can be envisaged, in particular that illustrated in FIG.
- the system illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a loudspeaker 1 which, in a simplified manner, comprises a membrane 2 movable relative to a salad bowl 6, via the suspension 7.
- the membrane 2 comprises at its center a cylinder 4 on which is mounted a winding 3 traversed by a current representative of the sound signal to be reproduced.
- This coil 3 is immersed in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic motor 5.
- This magnetic motor has an opening 8 oriented rearward, so that the volume 9 located at the rear of the membrane 2 communicates with the outside of the top loudspeaker.
- the impedance matching device 10 comprises a horn 11, the end of which has a smaller section 12 and is connected to the opening 8 of the back of the loudspeaker. 1.
- the section of the opening 12 located on the side of the speaker 1 is smaller than the section at the opposite end 13. In the form shown, the end 13 is open, but it may be blocked, preventing any escape of air.
- the interior volume of the roof 11 is filled with an absorbent material 14, which may be a fibrous material, based for example on glass fibers of synthetic fibers, or else based on a cellular foam open, or more generally any material consisting of elementary particles capable of moving under the effect of the circulation of air generated by the movement of the membrane, and in doing so to absorb a portion of this acoustic energy.
- the filling material 14 occupies only a fraction of the flag, now emptying a fraction 16 of the flag entrance. This region 16 thus forms an extension of the rear volume of the speaker, thus limiting the compression, and facilitating the operation of the speaker in the low frequencies.
- the absorbent material may also fill the entire pavilion volume.
- the filling material is placed inside the pavilion so that its density increases by moving from the end 12 near the loudspeaker, in the direction of the opposite end 13.
- the damping effect is progressive, and the impact of the absorbent material on the acoustic waves at the beginning of the horn is less than it is near the opposite end 13.
- the damping material 14 is a material homogeneous material, which undergoes a progressive compression to the end 13 of the flag.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of the shape of the flag 14. More precisely, this flag has a rectangular cross-section, whose width w and height h vary between the end 12 which will be connected to the rear of the loudspeaker and the free end 13. It is noted as illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5, that the width w of this section increases away from the speaker (w3 ⁇ w 4 ⁇ Ws), while at the same time, the height h decreases (h 3 > h 4 > hs). This height decreases less rapidly than the width increases, so that the overall section (wxh) increases away from the loudspeaker.
- Different growth laws can be envisaged for the various parameters making it possible to obtain the desired progression of the section. Thus, as illustrated in FIG.
- the width and the height can respectively increase and decrease linearly.
- the lateral flanks 21, 22 of the roof have a geometry substantially planar, to be compared with the concave geometry, with an outwardly oriented curvature for the side walls 18, 19 of the flag of Figure 2, which exhibit a growth of the exponential type section or the like.
- the flag may have a shape such that its side walls have a convexity, that is to say a short curvature oriented towards the inside, corresponding to a growth of the parameters of logarithmic, parabolic or similar type.
- the progressiveness of the density of the absorbent material inserted inside the roof can be obtained in different ways, and in particular as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the main faces 30, 31 of the roof are assembled around a layer of uniform thickness of an absorbent material 32. More specifically, one of the walls, for example the top wall 30 has a variable thickness, as its upper 35 and lower 36 faces are not parallel. More precisely, this thickness increases between the rear face 37 intended to come into contact with the loudspeaker and the face 38 located opposite the loudspeaker.
- the opposite wall 31 has a constant thickness, so that its upper face 39 and the lower face 36 of the other wall 30, define a volume of increasing section away from the speaker.
- the layer 32 is made of a homogeneous material, when the two walls 30, 31 are brought together, while maintaining their parallel outer faces, the intermediate layer 32 is then compressed more significantly in the zone intended to be the furthest from the top. speaker.
- the acoustic impedance matching device can be connected to the loudspeaker either directly as illustrated in FIG. 1, or by means of an additional volume, which, as illustrated in FIG. FIG. 10 may be formed by an additional element 50, of frustoconical shape, whose inlet section 52 corresponds to the section of the opening 53 situated at the rear of the loudspeaker 1, and whose outlet section 54 corresponds to that of the inlet 55 of the chamber 10.
- an additional element 50 of frustoconical shape, whose inlet section 52 corresponds to the section of the opening 53 situated at the rear of the loudspeaker 1, and whose outlet section 54 corresponds to that of the inlet 55 of the chamber 10.
- the progressiveness of the section of the chamber is in a way extended by that of the additional element.
- the shapes and dimensions of this additional element may vary depending on the geometries of the loudspeaker and the chamber.
- this tubular portion may be variable, depending on the connected regions, and may follow a frustoconical shape or more generally flared in one direction or the other.
- This connecting piece 50 may also have sections of different geometries between its inlet and its outlet. In particular, this may be the case where the loudspeaker has a circular decompression aperture, and the acoustic matching device has a rectangular input section.
- the impedance matching device is not connected directly to the rear opening of the magnetic motor, but to an opening formed in the rear of a housing receiving the loudspeaker.
- the loudspeaker 1 is mounted inside a box 60.
- This box 60 has an opening 62 at which is fixed the bowl 56 of the loudspeaker 1.
- the box has a wall 64 of substantially constant section, for example rectangular or cylindrical around the speaker.
- the rear wall 66 of the box 60 has an opening 61 of dimensions substantially equal to those of the end 69 of the roof 10.
- This type of assembly is particularly suitable for the speakers whose bowl 56 is perforated, so that the volume the air at the rear of the membrane 2 communicates with the outside of the loudspeaker not only through the opening 8 of decompression of the magnetic motor, but also by the recesses 57 of the salad bowl 56.
- the waves acoustic generated by the movement of the membrane and propagating at the rear thereof are confined inside the box 60, and reach the characteristic flag 10.
- FIG. 12 An alternative embodiment illustrated in Figure 12 is composed of a box 70, the opening 72 receives the perforated salad bowl 56 of the loudspeaker 1.
- the main wall 74 of the box 70 is frustoconical in shape, and ends at the top. back, through an opening 71.
- This opening 71 also has dimensions adapted to the connection of an acoustic matching device 10.
- the frustoconical shape of the box 70 allows a progressivity of the section seen by the acoustic waves, with a positive influence on the reflection phenomena.
- the main wall of the box can adopt other various forms.
- the invention can also be applied to loudspeakers which have a magnetic motor which is not pierced at its center, and in which the air present at the rear of the membrane flows only at through the openings formed in the salad bowl.
- the impedance matching device according to the invention has the advantage of ensuring a near-absence of reflection of sound waves on the back of the speaker membrane this while reducing the nonlinearities inherent in the usual use of high density absorbent materials. In fact, the progression of the absorbing effect by the increasing density of the filling material causes the velocity of the particles of the air coming into contact with this absorbent material to be less than in the prior art.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1552852A FR3034564B1 (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2015-04-02 | ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE ADAPTING DEVICE AND SPEAKER EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE |
PCT/FR2016/050615 WO2016156697A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-03-18 | Acoustic impedance matching device and loudspeaker provided with such a device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3278330A1 true EP3278330A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
EP3278330B1 EP3278330B1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
Family
ID=53200186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16712972.5A Active EP3278330B1 (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-03-18 | Acoustic impedance matching device and loudspeaker provided with such a device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10306353B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3278330B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3034564B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016156697A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2590656A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-07 | Gp Acoustics International Ltd | Loudspeakers |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2293181A (en) | 1940-07-17 | 1942-08-18 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Sound absorbing apparatus |
JPS5151926A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-05-07 | Sansui Electric Co | Supiikasochi |
US4139076A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-02-13 | Hruby Jr John O | Loudspeaker enclosure with enhanched bass response |
DE3117693A1 (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1982-11-18 | Mario Brescia Cesati | Method for manufacturing loudspeakers with angle radiation and loudspeaker manufactured in accordance with this method |
US4410064A (en) * | 1982-01-27 | 1983-10-18 | Taddeo Anthony R | Bass response speaker housing and method of tuning same |
GB8503389D0 (en) * | 1985-02-09 | 1985-03-13 | B & W Loudspeakers | Loudspeaker enclosures |
FR2704675B1 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1995-07-07 | Lecompte Roland | Device for attenuating the energy of acoustic waves emitted by a sound source in at least one determined direction. |
US5828759A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1998-10-27 | Siemens Electric Limited | System and method for reducing engine noise |
GB2324928B (en) | 1997-05-02 | 2001-09-12 | B & W Loudspeakers | Loudspeaker systems |
US6700984B1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2004-03-02 | California Institute Of Technology | Non-linearly tapering transmission line speakers |
JP2007262282A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Toshiba Corp | Acoustic material, method for producing the same and method for regenerating acoustic material |
EP2040483B1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2013-02-27 | Laurence George Dickie | Ported loudspeaker enclosure with tapered waveguide absorber |
WO2013016375A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Dr. G Licensing, Llc | Ultra-low profile loudspeakers |
-
2015
- 2015-04-02 FR FR1552852A patent/FR3034564B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-03-18 EP EP16712972.5A patent/EP3278330B1/en active Active
- 2016-03-18 US US15/561,277 patent/US10306353B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-18 WO PCT/FR2016/050615 patent/WO2016156697A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3034564B1 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
FR3034564A1 (en) | 2016-10-07 |
US10306353B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
WO2016156697A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
EP3278330B1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
US20180124501A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
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