EP3677051B1 - Aquatic acoustic enclosure - Google Patents
Aquatic acoustic enclosure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3677051B1 EP3677051B1 EP18759139.1A EP18759139A EP3677051B1 EP 3677051 B1 EP3677051 B1 EP 3677051B1 EP 18759139 A EP18759139 A EP 18759139A EP 3677051 B1 EP3677051 B1 EP 3677051B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow body
- loudspeaker
- opening
- pressure
- main axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
- H04R9/022—Cooling arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for emitting sound immersible or semi-immersible in a liquid.
- piezoelectric loudspeakers which can reach high powers and thus have sufficient effective ranges for the intended application.
- piezoelectric loudspeakers are very expensive and have a restricted frequency band, only very difficult to go below 100 Hz.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a robust acoustic enclosure which can be immersed in a liquid, and more particularly in water, being of moderate cost and performing well at very low frequencies.
- the device comprises a rigid hollow body having at least one opening at one of its ends and arranged to be at least partially immersed in the liquid, so that the main axis passing through the opening of the hollow body is substantially vertical , and at least one electrodynamic loudspeaker comprising at least one membrane, at least one magnet and at least one moving coil.
- the at least one loudspeaker is fixed inside the hollow body close to at least one submerged opening of the hollow body, the device and its hollow body being arranged so that, when the device is at least semi-submerged , the membrane of the at least one loudspeaker is in contact with the liquid on at least one of its sides and closes the submerged opening of the hollow body.
- the surrounding liquid has a density equal to or greater than 0.9, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.95, and/or equal to or less than 1.2, and more preferably equal to or less than 1.05 to 20 °C at the interface with air with a pressure of 1013.25 hPa at 15°C.
- the liquid can be, for example, water.
- the device according to the invention is semi-immersible or immersible in water.
- the loudspeaker including the voice coil and the magnet are fully immersed in the surrounding liquid.
- the hollow body can be semi-immersed.
- the device further comprises a floating part arranged outside the hollow body.
- the floating part is a circular body surrounding the hollow body, the circular body being made of floating material.
- the loudspeaker is fixed inside the hollow body near the upper opening, and when the device is completely immersed in the liquid, air is contained inside the body hollow.
- the loudspeaker coil is arranged in a protective chamber, the protective chamber being formed by a flexible membrane, and a wall of the hollow body.
- the device comprises two loudspeakers arranged along the main axis of the hollow body and forming a chamber with their membranes and the wall of the hollow body, the chamber being filled with a pressure compensation fluid.
- one of the loudspeakers can be an active loudspeaker comprising a membrane and a coil, and the other loudspeaker can be a passive loudspeaker comprising only a membrane.
- the transmission frequency of the loudspeaker(s) is between 1 Hz and 500 Hz.
- the sound pressure level of the loudspeaker(s) can be at least 160 dB (reference 1 ⁇ Pa) at a distance of 1 m from the loudspeaker.
- the loudspeaker can have a motor on each side of the membrane.
- the power of the loudspeaker(s) can be adapted to the pressure of the surrounding liquid in which the device is immersed or semi-immersed.
- variants of the invention may in particular be considered comprising only a selection of characteristics described or illustrated isolated from the other characteristics described or illustrated (even if this selection is isolated within 'a sentence including these other features), if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
- This selection includes at least one preferably functional feature without structural details, and/or with only part of the structural details if only this part is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art anterior.
- the sound emitting device 1 is immersible or semi-immersible in a surrounding liquid. In the embodiment shown in the figure 1 , the device 1 is semi-immersed in water 2.
- the device 1 comprises a floating hollow body 3, arranged to be at least partially immersed in the surrounding liquid 2 on the side of an immersible end 32 of the body 3.
- the device 1 spontaneously orients so that the main axis 4 of the body 3 is substantially vertical.
- the device 1 is configured so that the center of gravity of the device 1 and the center of thrust of the Archimedes thrust are on the main axis 4. In a position of stable equilibrium, the center of thrust Archimedes' thrust is directly above the center of gravity (i.e. above, on the same vertical axis).
- the hollow body 3 has two openings 34, 35, one at each end 31, 32.
- the main axis 4 of the body 3 passes through the center of these openings.
- the hollow body 3 is made of rigid material and preferably of metal, for example stainless steel.
- the hollow body 3 encloses a volume which can have different shapes, for example, cylindrical, parallelepiped, etc.
- the hollow body 3 is a tube, that is to say a hollow and rigid cylinder.
- the tube 3 used in the example of the figure 1 is equipped with an orifice 33 in the immersible part of the tube 3.
- This orifice 33 allows the balancing of the levels of the liquid inside and outside the submerged part of the tube 3 when the latter is semi-immersed .
- the device 1 also comprises at least one electrodynamic loudspeaker 5.
- the electrodynamic loudspeaker 5 comprises a membrane 6, a moving coil 7 and a magnet 11, that is to say an electrodynamic motor. Magnet 11 is mounted fixed relative to hollow body 3.
- Coil 7 is mounted to move relative to hollow body 3. More specifically, coil 7 is able to move axially relative to hollow body 3 parallel to the axis main 4.
- the displacement of the coil 7 is dependent on the intensity of the current flowing through the coil 7.
- the displacement of the coil 7 causes a concomitant displacement of the membrane 6.
- the loudspeaker 5 is fixed inside the tube 3 close to the end 32 or immersible opening 35 of the tube 3.
- the loudspeaker 5 and its mobile coil 7 are completely immersed in the liquid 2, and the membrane 6 closes the opening 35 of the tube 3 when the device 1 is immersed or semi-immersed. In the embodiment shown in the figure 1 , this is the opening 35 located at the lower end 32.
- the two opposite faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 are in contact with the surrounding liquid 2.
- the edge of the membrane 6 and the lower edge of the tube 3 are flush.
- This arrangement of the loudspeaker 5 with respect to the tube 3 allows sound to be emitted in the water without the edge of the tube 3 obstructing the propagation of the sound waves generated by the movement of the membrane 6.
- the membrane 6 is fixed to the edge of the tube 3 by known means, for example using a flange.
- the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 can also be arranged inside the tube 3, close to its lower edge.
- the material of the membrane 6 must be rigid in order to avoid any deformation of the membrane. Such a deformation caused a sharp drop in the performance of the loudspeaker due to the destructive interference of pressure waves coming from different areas of the membrane.
- the membrane can be made of a composite material, for example of the sandwich type.
- the membrane can also be made of aluminum, titanium, steel, a honeycomb material or even plastic, or any other material suitable for this use.
- the device 1 preferably comprises a floating part 8 to prevent the body 3 from sinking completely in the liquid 2.
- the floating part 8 is fixed to the body 3.
- the floating part 8 can have the form of a circular body pierced in its center to insert the hollow body 3 of the device 1 inside the latter, as illustrated in figure 1 .
- the floating piece 8 can be, for example, made of wood or any other material floating in the liquid 2.
- the piece floating 8 can be fixed all around or partially around the body 3 so that, when the device 1 is semi-immersed in the liquid, the loudspeaker 5 and its moving coil 7 are completely immersed in the liquid.
- Any mechanism or device suitable for floating the device in the liquid can be used.
- a float can be used.
- the picture 2 schematically represents a second embodiment of the device 1. The description of the parts identical to the embodiment of the figure 1 is omitted.
- the device 1 comprises two loudspeakers 51, 52 arranged along the axis 4 of the tube 3.
- the first loudspeaker 51 comprises a first membrane 61 and a first coil 71.
- the second loudspeaker 52 comprises a second membrane 62 and a second coil 72.
- the two membranes 61 and 62 delimit with the wall of the tube 3 a closed chamber 10.
- the coils 71, 72 are located inside the chamber 10.
- the chamber 10 thus formed is filled with a pressure compensating fluid.
- This compensation fluid can be, for example, pressurized air or sterilized water.
- the pressure inside the chamber 10 is substantially the same as outside the tube 3 at the level of the loudspeakers 51, 52; it is regulated by communicating vessels according to the depth of immersion of the tube 3.
- the second embodiment makes it possible to protect the coils from any pollution or dirt. Consequently, the maintenance of such a device 1 is facilitated and its service life extended, in particular in untreated water.
- the two loudspeakers 51, 52 are active loudspeakers, that is to say loudspeakers each comprising a membrane 61, 62 and an electrodynamic motor including a coil 71, 72 as defined above.
- the strengths of two loudspeakers add up.
- one of the loudspeakers 51, 52 can be an active loudspeaker.
- the other of the loudspeakers 51, 52 can be a passive loudspeaker, that is to say comprising only the membrane.
- the arrangement of the loudspeaker in the device 1 according to the embodiments described with reference to the figure 1 and 2 makes it possible to effectively decouple the front sound wave of the loudspeaker 5 and the rear sound wave, by using the characteristic impedance differences between the air and the surrounding liquid without hindering the displacement of the membrane. Therefore, very low frequencies may be emitted.
- the figures 3A to 3D schematically represent other embodiments of the device 1, in which the device 1 is entirely immersible in a liquid. The description of the parts identical to the embodiments of the figure 1 and 2 is omitted.
- the device 1 when the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 of the hollow body 3 is vertical and the loudspeaker 5 is placed at the top. of the hollow body 3.
- the device 1 is immersed in the liquid 2 so that the air contained inside the hollow body 3 compresses under the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 surrounding the device 1.
- the membrane 6 of loudspeaker 5 is exposed to equal pressure on both sides of membrane 6 which then remains in neutral position.
- One of the faces of the membrane 6 is in contact with the surrounding liquid and the other of the faces of the membrane 6 is in contact with the air contained in the hollow body 3.
- the characteristic impedance difference of the surrounding liquid and air prevents the phase opposition when the membrane 6 is moved by the coil 7.
- the coil 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is located inside the device 1.
- the example of the Figure 3B is a variant of the example of the Figure 3A , in which the motor 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is surrounded by a cooling liquid 16 contained in a flexible and extensible bag 17.
- the flexible bag 17 is a bladder with an accordion deformation mechanism.
- the flexible pocket 17 forms a protective chamber 15 around the coil 7 and allows the moving parts of the loudspeaker 5 to move, the cooling liquid 16 being incompressible.
- the coil 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is located outside the device 1. More precisely, the coil 7 is fixed to the face of the membrane 6 in contact with the surrounding liquid 2.
- the example of the 3d figure is a variant of the example of the Fig. 3C , in which the loudspeaker 5 is not flush with the edge of the body 3 but is located slightly inside the latter.
- the upper end 31 of the body 3 is closed by a flexible membrane 9.
- This membrane 9 can be, for example, made of polyester, such as the Mylar® product marketed by the company Dupont.
- the protective chamber 91 thus formed between the flexible membrane 9 and the loudspeaker contains a sterile cooling liquid, for example distilled water. The coil 7 is then protected from possible contamination and cooled at the same time.
- the device according to the example of Fig. 3C is preferably usable in a sterile liquid (such as chlorinated water) in order to avoid micro-organic contamination of the coil 5.
- a sterile liquid such as chlorinated water
- the device does not include a pressure equalization pocket.
- the fluid contained in the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 for example air
- the surrounding liquid 2 for example water
- the air is trapped in the cavity 37.
- the quantity of air contained in the cavity 37 remains constant.
- surrounding liquid 2 i.e. water
- second opening 35 lower opening of the body. hollow 3.
- the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 i.e. air
- the surrounding liquid 2 is compressed until it reaches a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2.
- the liquid contained in the hollow body 3 is evacuated to the outside of the device 1 via the second opening 35 (lower opening) of the hollow body. In this way, the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 is expanded until it reaches a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2.
- the circulation of the surrounding liquid 2 through the second opening of the hollow body 3 has the effect of displacing the air/water interface inside the cavity 37.
- the two faces of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures. Pressure equalization occurs naturally, in the sense that no fluid injection device is required.
- the device 1 when the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 of the hollow body 3 is vertical and the loudspeaker 5 is placed at the bottom of the hollow body 3 of the device 1.
- the description of the parts identical to the embodiments of the preceding figures is still omitted.
- the hollow body 3 is closed by a deformable part 14.
- the deformable part is a bladder 14 with an accordion deformation mechanism.
- the deformable part 14 can also be a flexible and extensible membrane.
- the protection chamber 13 formed inside the hollow body 3, between the bladder 14 and the loudspeaker 5 is filled with air.
- the chamber 13 can also contain a sterile liquid 12 for cooling. In this case, the two opposite faces of the membrane 6 are in contact with liquid.
- the bladder 14 deforms according to the pressure of the liquid, thus compressing the air located in the chamber 13.
- the loudspeaker 5 is then exposed to an equal pressure of the both sides of the membrane 6.
- This embodiment allows a significant variation in the depth of immersion while maintaining the equal pressure on both sides of the membrane 6 and therefore good performance of the device 1.
- the hollow body 3 of the device 1 is closed at its upper end 31 by a rigid wall (for example of the same type as the side wall of the hollow body 3).
- the protective chamber 13 formed inside the hollow body 3 is filled with air.
- the chamber 13 also contains a sterile liquid 12 for cooling. The quantity of this liquid 12 is determined by the immersion depth of the device 1, the immersion depth being predetermined and relatively low for this embodiment.
- the two opposite faces of the membrane 6 are in contact with liquid.
- the device 1 according to the embodiments of the figures 3A to 3D , 4 and 5 has the advantage of being easily achievable and of being low cost. It can be used at different depths of total immersion because its layout reduces stress on the membrane. Advantageously, its yield is very high.
- the figure 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device 1.
- the sound emitting device 1 comprises a hollow body 3, a loudspeaker 5 and a pressure equalization pocket 14.
- the hollow body 3 comprises a side wall 36, for example a side wall 36 of cylindrical shape, delimiting an internal cavity 37.
- the internal cavity 37 is filled with a fluid such as air or water.
- the hollow body 3 has a main axis 4.
- the side wall 36 has a cylindrical shape of revolution and the main axis 4 is the axis of revolution of the side wall 36.
- the hollow body 3 comprises a first opening 34 (or upper opening) and a second opening 35 (or lower opening).
- the first opening 34 is circular in shape.
- the second opening 35 is also circular in shape.
- the main axis 4 passes through the center of the first opening 34.
- the main axis 4 also passes through the center of the second opening 35.
- the loudspeaker 5 is arranged inside the hollow body 3.
- the loudspeaker 5 comprises a membrane 6, a moving coil 7 and a magnet 11.
- the membrane 6 is fixed to the hollow body 3 so that it closes the first opening 34.
- the membrane 6 has a symmetrical shape of revolution around the main axis 4.
- the membrane 6 has a first face 63 and a second face 64, opposite the first face 63.
- the first face 63 is in contact with the surrounding liquid 2 while the second face 64 of the membrane 6 is in contact with the fluid contained in the internal cavity 37 of the hollow body 3.
- the magnet 11 is mounted fixed relative to the hollow body 3.
- the coil 7 is movably mounted relative to the hollow body 3. More specifically, the coil 7 is able to move axially relative to the hollow body 3 parallel to the main axis 4.
- the coil 7 When the loudspeaker 5 is in operation, the coil 7 is traversed by an electric current and tends to move relative to the hollow body 3 along the main axis 4. The movement of the coil 7 is dependent on the intensity of the current flowing through the coil 7. The movement of the coil 7 causes a concomitant movement of the membrane 6.
- the pressure equalization pocket 14 is located inside the hollow body 3.
- the pressure equalization pocket 14 comprises a flexible membrane 17 capable of containing a pressure compensation fluid.
- the pressure compensation fluid is a liquid identical to the surrounding liquid 2.
- the pressure balancing pocket 14 closes the second opening 35. In this way, the quantity of fluid contained in the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 is constant.
- the flexible membrane 17 forming the pressure balancing pocket 14 is capable of deforming under the effect of a pressure variation of the surrounding liquid 2. More precisely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 increases, the volume of the pocket 14 increases and the pocket 14 fills with liquid. Surrounding liquid enters the pocket 14 via the second opening 35. In this way, the fluid contained in the interior of the cavity 37 is compressed until a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 is reached.
- the deformation of the flexible membrane 17 generates a circulation of the pressure compensation fluid through the second opening 35 so that the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures. .
- the balancing of the pressures is done in a natural way, in the sense that no compensation fluid injection device is necessary.
- the device 1 When the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself in a position of stable equilibrium.
- the main axis 4 In the position of stable equilibrium, the main axis 4 is vertical and the first opening 34 is located above the second opening 35.
- This orientation has the advantage that the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 is subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure in an axisymmetric manner around the main axis 4.
- the figure 7 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device 1.
- the sound emitting device 1 comprises a hollow body 3, a loudspeaker 5 and a pressure equalization pocket 14.
- the hollow body 3 and the loudspeaker 5 are identical to the hollow body 3 of the embodiment of the figure 6 .
- the pressure equalization pocket 14 is located outside the hollow body 3.
- the pressure equalization pocket 14 comprises a flexible membrane 17 capable of containing a pressure compensation fluid.
- the device 1 further comprises a fluid circulation conduit 18 connecting the pocket pressure equalization valve 14 to the second opening 35.
- the pressure compensation fluid is a fluid identical to the fluid contained in the cavity 17 of the hollow body 3, that is to say air or water.
- the total quantity of fluid contained in the cavity 17 of the hollow body 3 and in the pressure balancing pocket 14 is constant.
- the pressure balancing pocket 14 is arranged with respect to the hollow body 3 so that it is located in the surrounding liquid 2, substantially at the same depth P as the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5. This arrangement makes it possible to ensure a balancing of the pressures exerted on the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6.
- the flexible membrane 17 forming the pressure balancing pocket 14 is capable of deforming under the effect of a pressure variation of the surrounding liquid 2. More precisely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 increases, the volume of the pocket 14 decreases and the pocket 14 is emptied of the fluid it contains. The fluid circulates from the pressure equalization pocket 14 via the circulation conduit 18 to the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3, and penetrates inside the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 via the second opening 35. In this way, the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 is compressed until it reaches on the face 64 of the membrane 6 a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 acting on the face 63 of the membrane 6.
- the deformation of the flexible membrane 17 generates a circulation of the pressure compensation fluid through the second opening 35 so that the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures.
- the balancing of the pressures is done in a natural way, in the sense that no compensation fluid injection device is necessary.
- the device 1 When the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 is vertical and the first opening 34 is located above the second opening 35.
- This orientation has the advantage that the speaker membrane is subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure axisymmetrically around the main axis 4.
- the immersion in a liquid of the loudspeaker 5 has the advantage of allowing very effective cooling of the electrodynamic motor of the loudspeaker by the liquid surrounding the motor.
- the device 1 according to the invention is semi-immersible in sea water.
- the device 1, when it is semi-immersed, can then advantageously be used for the repulsion of predatory fish.
- the transmission frequency band must be between approximately 40Hz and 500Hz. These frequency bands are perfectly attainable with electrodynamic loudspeakers.
- the device 1 can be used to keep gilthead seabream away from shellfish farms in order to avoid predation by seabream from mussel and oyster farms. The sound emitted by the device 1 then scares away the predatory fish without harming their physical integrity.
- the loudspeaker whose sound pressure level delivered in water is greater than 160dB at 1m (reference 1 ⁇ Pa) can be effective in repelling predatory fish.
- Such a device 1 can have a range of approximately 300 m.
- several devices 1 according to the invention can be arranged submerged or semi-submerged and spaced out so that the entire park is covered by sound emissions at the level required during operation of the devices.
- Another possible application of the device according to the invention is the emission of pleasant sounds in swimming or leisure pools.
- the power of the latter must be adapted in order to compensate for the loss of radiation with the variation in the pressure of the liquid.
- the loudspeaker of the device can also comprise an electrodynamic motor on each side of the membrane. This arrangement makes it possible to double the force factor by using only one loudspeaker.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'émission de son immersible ou semi-immersible dans un liquide.The present invention relates to a device for emitting sound immersible or semi-immersible in a liquid.
Divers systèmes de transducteurs sous-marins, utilisant par exemple des cristaux piézoélectriques, existent pour une variété d'applications. Par exemple, ces systèmes peuvent être utilisés pour diffuser des programmes audio dans des piscines ou pour des applications de défense telles que sonars passifs ou bistatiques. Des haut-parleurs submersibles ou immersibles sont également utilisés pour éloigner certains poissons prédateurs qui menacent les parcs d'élevage conchylicoles ou ostréicoles.Various underwater transducer systems, for example using piezoelectric crystals, exist for a variety of applications. For example, these systems can be used to broadcast audio programs in swimming pools or for defense applications such as passive or bistatic sonars. Submersible or immersible loudspeakers are also used to ward off certain predatory fish that threaten shellfish or oyster farms.
Il est connu d'utiliser de tels systèmes avec des haut-parleurs piézo-électriques qui peuvent atteindre des puissances importantes et ainsi avoir des portées d'efficacité suffisantes pour l'application visée. Cependant, les haut-parleurs piézo-électriques sont très coûteux et ont une bande de fréquence restreinte, ne descendant que très difficilement en-dessous de 100 Hz.It is known to use such systems with piezoelectric loudspeakers which can reach high powers and thus have sufficient effective ranges for the intended application. However, piezoelectric loudspeakers are very expensive and have a restricted frequency band, only very difficult to go below 100 Hz.
D'autres systèmes, tel que celui qui est décrit dans le document
Les documents
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une enceinte acoustique robuste pouvant être immergée dans un liquide, et plus particulièrement dans de l'eau, étant d'un coût modéré et étant performante aux très basses fréquences.The object of the present invention is to propose a robust acoustic enclosure which can be immersed in a liquid, and more particularly in water, being of moderate cost and performing well at very low frequencies.
Cet objectif est atteint avec un dispositif d'émission de son immersible ou semi-immersible dans un liquide environnant, selon la revendication 1. D'autres modes de réalisation sont définis dans les revendications dépendantes. Le dispositif comprend un corps creux rigide ayant au moins une ouverture à l'une de ses extrémités et agencé pour être au moins partiellement immergé dans le liquide, de façon à ce que l'axe principal traversant l'ouverture du corps creux soit sensiblement vertical, et au moins un haut-parleur électrodynamique comprenant au moins une membrane, au moins un aimant et au moins une bobine mobile. L'au moins un haut-parleur est fixé à l'intérieur du corps creux à proximité d'au moins une ouverture immergée du corps creux, le dispositif et son corps creux étant agencés pour que, lorsque le dispositif est au moins semi-immergé, la membrane de l'au moins un haut-parleur est en contact avec le liquide à au moins une de ses côtés et ferme l'ouverture immergée du corps creux.This object is achieved with a device for emitting sound immersible or semi-immersible in a surrounding liquid, according to
Préférentiellement, le liquide environnant a une densité égale ou supérieure à 0,9, et plus préférentiellement égale ou supérieure à 0,95, et/ou égale ou inférieure à 1,2, et plus préférentiellement égale ou inférieure à 1,05 à 20°C à l'interface avec de l'air avec une pression de 1013,25 hPa à 15°C.Preferably, the surrounding liquid has a density equal to or greater than 0.9, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.95, and/or equal to or less than 1.2, and more preferably equal to or less than 1.05 to 20 °C at the interface with air with a pressure of 1013.25 hPa at 15°C.
De manière non limitative, le liquide peut être, par exemple, de l'eau.Without limitation, the liquid can be, for example, water.
Avantageusement, le dispositif selon l'invention est semi-immersible ou immersible dans l'eau.Advantageously, the device according to the invention is semi-immersible or immersible in water.
Selon des modes de réalisation, le haut-parleur incluant la bobine mobile et l'aimant sont entièrement immergés dans le liquide environnant.According to embodiments, the loudspeaker including the voice coil and the magnet are fully immersed in the surrounding liquid.
Avantageusement, le corps creux peut être semi-immergé.Advantageously, the hollow body can be semi-immersed.
Selon des modes de réalisation, le dispositif comprend en outre une pièce flottante agencée à l'extérieur du corps creux.According to embodiments, the device further comprises a floating part arranged outside the hollow body.
De manière avantageuse, la pièce flottante est un corps circulaire entourant le corps creux, le corps circulaire étant en matériau flottant.Advantageously, the floating part is a circular body surrounding the hollow body, the circular body being made of floating material.
Selon des modes de réalisation, le haut-parleur est fixé à l'intérieur du corps creux à proximité de l'ouverture supérieure, et lorsque le dispositif est entièrement immergé dans le liquide, de l'air est contenu à l'intérieur du corps creux.According to embodiments, the loudspeaker is fixed inside the hollow body near the upper opening, and when the device is completely immersed in the liquid, air is contained inside the body hollow.
Préférentiellement, la bobine du haut-parleur est agencée dans une chambre de protection, la chambre de protection étant formée par une membrane souple, et une paroi du corps creux.Preferably, the loudspeaker coil is arranged in a protective chamber, the protective chamber being formed by a flexible membrane, and a wall of the hollow body.
Selon des modes de réalisation, le dispositif comprend deux haut-parleurs agencés selon l'axe principal du corps creux et formant une chambre avec leurs membranes et la paroi du corps creux, la chambre étant remplie d'un fluide de compensation de pression.According to embodiments, the device comprises two loudspeakers arranged along the main axis of the hollow body and forming a chamber with their membranes and the wall of the hollow body, the chamber being filled with a pressure compensation fluid.
Selon des modes de réalisation, l'un des haut-parleurs peut être un haut-parleur actif comprenant une membrane et une bobine, et l'autre haut-parleur peut être un haut-parleur passif ne comprenant qu'une membrane.According to embodiments, one of the loudspeakers can be an active loudspeaker comprising a membrane and a coil, and the other loudspeaker can be a passive loudspeaker comprising only a membrane.
Préférentiellement, la fréquence d'émission du ou des haut-parleur(s) est comprise entre 1 Hz et 500 Hz.Preferably, the transmission frequency of the loudspeaker(s) is between 1 Hz and 500 Hz.
Avantageusement, le niveau de pression acoustique du ou des haut-parleur(s) peut être d'au moins 160 dB (référence 1µPa) à 1 m de distance du haut-parleur.Advantageously, the sound pressure level of the loudspeaker(s) can be at least 160 dB (reference 1 μPa) at a distance of 1 m from the loudspeaker.
Selon des modes de réalisation, le haut-parleur peut avoir un moteur de chaque côté de la membrane.According to embodiments, the loudspeaker can have a motor on each side of the membrane.
Avantageusement, la puissance du ou des haut-parleur(s) peut être adaptée à la pression du liquide environnant dans lequel le dispositif est immergé ou semi-immergé.Advantageously, the power of the loudspeaker(s) can be adapted to the pressure of the surrounding liquid in which the device is immersed or semi-immersed.
D'autres avantages et particularités de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée de mises en œuvre et de modes de réalisation nullement limitatifs, et des dessins annexés suivants :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'émission de son semi-immersible, - la
figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'émission de son semi-immersible, - les
figures 3A à 3D sont des vues schématiques de modes de réalisation de dispositifs d'émission de son entièrement immersibles, et - les
figures 4 et 5 sont des vues schématiques d'autres modes de réalisation de dispositifs d'émission de son entièrement immersibles, - la
figure 6 est une vue schématique d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'émission de son, et - la
figure 7 est une vue schématique d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'émission de son.
- the
figure 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a semi-immersible sound emitting device, - the
figure 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a semi-immersible sound emitting device, - the
figures 3A to 3D are schematic views of embodiments of fully immersible sound emitting devices, and - the
figures 4 and 5 are schematic views of other embodiments of fully immersible sound emitting devices, - the
figure 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device, and - the
figure 7 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device.
Les modes de réalisation décrits par la suite étant nullement limitatifs, on pourra notamment considérer des variantes de l'invention ne comprenant qu'une sélection de caractéristiques décrites ou illustrées isolées des autres caractéristiques décrites ou illustrées (même si cette sélection est isolée au sein d'une phrase comprenant ces autres caractéristiques), si cette sélection de caractéristiques est suffisante pour conférer un avantage technique ou pour différencier l'invention par rapport à l'état de la technique antérieure. Cette sélection comprend au moins une caractéristique de préférence fonctionnelle sans détails structurels, et/ou avec seulement une partie des détails structurels si cette partie uniquement est suffisante pour conférer un avantage technique ou à différencier l'invention par rapport à l'état de la technique antérieure.The embodiments described below being in no way limiting, variants of the invention may in particular be considered comprising only a selection of characteristics described or illustrated isolated from the other characteristics described or illustrated (even if this selection is isolated within 'a sentence including these other features), if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. This selection includes at least one preferably functional feature without structural details, and/or with only part of the structural details if only this part is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art anterior.
En référence à la
Le dispositif d'émission de son 1 est immersible ou semi-immersible dans un liquide environnant. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la
Le dispositif 1 comprend un corps creux 3 flottant, agencé pour être au moins partiellement immergé dans le liquide environnant 2 du côté d'une extrémité immersible 32 du corps 3. Lorsque le dispositif 1 est plongé dans l'eau, le dispositif 1 s'oriente spontanément de sorte que l'axe principal 4 du corps 3 est sensiblement vertical. A cet effet, le dispositif 1 est configuré de sorte que le centre de gravité du dispositif 1 et le centre de poussée de la poussée d'Archimède se trouvent sur l'axe principal 4. En position d'équilibre stable, le centre de poussée de la poussée d'Archimède se trouve à l'aplomb du centre de gravité (c'est-à-dire au-dessus, sur un même axe vertical). Le corps creux 3 a deux ouvertures 34, 35, une à chaque extrémité 31, 32. L'axe principal 4 du corps 3 traverse le centre de ces ouvertures.The
Le corps creux 3 est en matériau rigide et, de préférence, en métal, par exemple en acier inoxydable. Le corps creux 3 renferme un volume qui peut avoir différentes formes, par exemple, cylindrique, parallélépipédique, etc. Préférentiellement et non limitativement, le corps creux 3 est un tube, c'est-à-dire un cylindre creux et rigide.The
Le tube 3 utilisé dans l'exemple de la
Le dispositif 1 comprend également au moins un haut-parleur électrodynamique 5. Le haut-parleur électrodynamique 5 comprend une membrane 6, une bobine mobile 7 et un aimant 11, c'est-à-dire un moteur électrodynamique. L'aimant 11 est monté fixe par rapport au corps creux 3. La bobine 7 est montée mobile par rapport au corps creux 3. Plus précisément, la bobine 7 est propre à se déplacer axialement par rapport au corps creux 3 parallèlement à l'axe principal 4. Lorsque le haut-parleur 5 est en fonctionnement, la bobine 7 est parcourue par un courant électrique et tend à se déplacer par rapport au corps creux 3, le long de l'axe principal 4. Le déplacement de la bobine 7 est dépendant de l'intensité du courant parcourant la bobine 7. Le déplacement de la bobine 7 entraine un déplacement concomitant de la membrane 6.The
Le haut-parleur 5 est fixé à l'intérieur du tube 3 à proximité de l'extrémité 32 ou ouverture immersible 35 du tube 3. Le haut-parleur 5 et sa bobine mobile 7 sont entièrement immergés dans le liquide 2, et la membrane 6 ferme l'ouverture 35 du tube 3 lorsque le dispositif 1 est immergé ou semi-immergé. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la
La membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 peut également être agencée à l'intérieur du tube 3, à proximité de son bord inférieur.The
Le matériau de la membrane 6 doit être rigide afin d'éviter toute déformation de la membrane. Une telle déformation engendrait une nette baisse de la performance du haut-parleur due à l'interférence destructive d'ondes de pression venant de différentes zones de la membrane. La membrane peut être en un matériau composite, par exemple du type sandwich. La membrane peut également être en aluminium, titane, acier, en matériau nid d'abeille ou encore en plastique, ou en tout autre matériau adapté pour cet usage.The material of the
Pour flotter dans le liquide 2 de manière semi-immergée, le dispositif 1 comprend, de préférence, une pièce flottante 8 pour empêcher le corps 3 de couler complètement dans le liquide 2. La pièce flottante 8 est fixée au corps 3. La pièce flottante 8 peut avoir la forme d'un corps circulaire percé en son centre pour insérer le corps creux 3 du dispositif 1 à l'intérieur de celui-ci, comme illustré à la
Tout mécanisme ou appareil adapté pour assurer le flottement du dispositif dans le liquide peut être utilisé. On peut notamment utiliser un flotteur.Any mechanism or device suitable for floating the device in the liquid can be used. In particular, a float can be used.
La
Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif 1 comprend deux haut-parleurs 51, 52 agencés selon l'axe 4 du tube 3. Le premier haut-parleur 51 comprend une première membrane 61 et une première bobine 71. Le deuxième haut-parleur 52 comprend une deuxième membrane 62 et une deuxième bobine 72. Les deux membranes 61 et 62 délimitent avec la paroi du tube 3 une chambre fermée 10. Les bobines 71, 72 se trouvent à l'intérieur de la chambre 10. La chambre 10 ainsi formée est remplie d'un fluide de compensation de pression. Ce fluide de compensation peut être, par exemple, de l'air pressurisé ou de l'eau stérilisée. La pression à l'intérieur de la chambre 10 est substantiellement la même qu'à l'extérieur du tube 3 au niveau des haut-parleurs 51, 52 ; elle est réglée par vases communicants en fonction de la profondeur d'immersion du tube 3.In this second embodiment, the
De manière avantageuse, les bobines 71, 72 étant à l'intérieur de la chambre 10 étanche et stérile, le deuxième mode de réalisation permet de protéger les bobines de toute pollution ou salissure. Par conséquent, la maintenance d'un tel dispositif 1 se trouve facilitée et sa durée de vie prolongée, notamment en eau non traitée.Advantageously, the
Selon l'exemple illustré à la
Selon une variante, l'un des haut-parleurs 51, 52 peut être un haut-parleur actif. L'autre des haut-parleurs 51, 52 peut être un haut-parleur passif, c'est-à-dire ne comprenant que la membrane. Un tel agencement a l'avantage d'être particulièrement économique, tout en ayant les avantages du dispositif selon le deuxième mode de réalisation.According to a variant, one of the
Avantageusement, l'agencement du haut-parleur dans le dispositif 1 selon les modes de réalisation décrits en référence aux
Les
Selon ces modes de réalisation, lorsque le dispositif 1 est plongé dans le liquide environnant 2, le dispositif 1 s'oriente spontanément de sorte que l'axe principal 4 du corps creux 3 soit vertical et que le haut-parleur 5 soit placé en haut du corps creux 3. Le dispositif 1 est immergé dans le liquide 2 de manière à ce que de l'air contenu à l'intérieur du corps creux 3 se comprime à la pression du liquide environnant 2 entourant le dispositif 1. Ainsi, la membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 est exposée à une pression égale des deux côtés de la membrane 6 qui reste alors en position neutre. L'une des faces de la membrane 6 est en contact avec le liquide environnant et l'autre des faces de la membrane 6 est en contact avec l'air contenu dans le corps creux 3. La différence d'impédance caractéristique du liquide environnant et de l'air empêche l'opposition de phase lorsque la membrane 6 est déplacée par la bobine 7.According to these embodiments, when the
Dans l'exemple de la
Dans l'exemple de la
Le dispositif selon l'exemple de la
Dans les modes de réalisation illustrés sur les
Lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 augmente, du liquide environnant 2 (c'est-à-dire de l'eau) pénètre à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 du corps creux 3 via la deuxième ouverture 35 (ouverture inférieure) du corps creux 3. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 (c'est-à-dire l'air) est comprimé jusqu'à atteindre une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2.When the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 increases, surrounding liquid 2 (i.e. water) enters the interior of the
Inversement, lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 diminue, du liquide contenu dans le corps creux 3 est évacué vers l'extérieur du dispositif 1 via la deuxième ouverture 35 (ouverture inférieure) du corps creux. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 est détendu jusqu'à atteindre une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2.Conversely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 decreases, the liquid contained in the
Autrement dit, la circulation du liquide environnant 2 à travers la deuxième ouverture du corps creux 3 a pour effet de déplacer l'interface air/eau à l'intérieur de la cavité 37. De cette manière, les deux faces de la membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 sont en permanence soumises des pressions identiques. L'équilibrage des pressions se fait de manière naturelle, en ce sens qu'aucun dispositif d'injection de fluide n'est nécessaire.In other words, the circulation of the surrounding liquid 2 through the second opening of the
Dans les modes de réalisation des
A son extrémité haute 31, le corps creux 3 est fermé par une pièce déformable 14. Dans l'exemple représenté, la pièce déformable est une vessie 14 avec un mécanisme de déformation en accordéon. La pièce déformable 14 peut également être une membrane souple et extensible. La chambre de protection 13 formée à l'intérieur du corps creux 3, entre la vessie 14 et le haut-parleur 5 est remplie d'air. Avantageusement, la chambre 13 peut également contenir un liquide stérile 12 de refroidissement. Dans ce cas, les deux faces opposées de la membrane 6 sont en contact avec du liquide. Lorsque le dispositif 1 est immergé dans le liquide environnant 2, la vessie 14 se déforme en fonction de la pression du liquide, comprimant ainsi l'air se trouvant dans la chambre 13. Le haut-parleur 5 est alors exposé à une pression égale des deux côtés de la membrane 6.At its
Ce mode de réalisation permet une variation importante de la profondeur d'immersion tout en conservant l'équi-pression des deux côtés de la membrane 6 et donc de bonnes performances du dispositif 1.This embodiment allows a significant variation in the depth of immersion while maintaining the equal pressure on both sides of the
En référence à la
Le dispositif 1 selon les modes de réalisation des
La
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'émission de son 1 comprend un corps creux 3, un haut-parleur 5 et une poche d'équilibrage de pression 14.In this embodiment, the
Le corps creux 3 comprend une paroi latérale 36, par exemple une paroi latérale 36 de forme cylindrique, délimitant une cavité interne 37. La cavité interne 37 est remplie avec une fluide tel que de l'air ou de l'eau.The
Le corps creux 3 présente un axe principal 4. Dans l'exemple illustré sur la
Le haut-parleur 5 est disposé à l'intérieur du corps creux 3. Le haut-parleur 5 comprend une membrane 6, une bobine mobile 7 et un aimant 11. La membrane 6 est fixée au corps creux 3 de sorte qu'elle obture la première ouverture 34. La membrane 6 présente une forme symétrique de révolution autour de l'axe principal 4. La membrane 6 présente une première face 63 et une deuxième face 64, opposée à la première face 63. La première face 63 est en contact avec le liquide environnant 2 tandis que la deuxième face 64 de la membrane 6 est en contact avec le fluide contenu dans la cavité interne 37 du corps creux 3. L'aimant 11 est monté fixe par rapport au corps creux 3. La bobine 7 est montée mobile par rapport au corps creux 3. Plus précisément, la bobine 7 est propre à se déplacer axialement par rapport au corps creux 3 parallèlement à l'axe principal 4. Lorsque le haut-parleur 5 est en fonctionnement, la bobine 7 est parcourue par un courant électrique et tend à se déplacer par rapport au corps creux 3 le long de l'axe principal 4. Le déplacement de la bobine 7 est dépendant de l'intensité du courant parcourant la bobine 7. Le déplacement de la bobine 7 entraine un déplacement concomitant de la membrane 6.The
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
La membrane souple 17 formant la poche d'équilibrage de pression 14 est propre à se déformer sous l'effet d'une variation de pression du liquide environnant 2. Plus précisément, lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 augmente, le volume de la poche 14 augmente et la poche 14 se remplit de liquide. Du liquide environnant pénètre dans la poche 14 via la deuxième ouverture 35. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 est comprimé jusqu'à atteindre une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2.The
Inversement, lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 diminue, le volume de la poche 14 diminue et la poche 14 se vide. Du liquide contenu dans la poche 14 est évacué vers l'extérieur du dispositif 1. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 est détendu jusqu'à atteindre une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2.Conversely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 decreases, the volume of the
Autrement dit, la déformation de la membrane souple 17 génère une circulation du fluide de compensation de pression à travers la deuxième ouverture 35 de sorte que les deux faces 63 et 64 de la membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 sont en permanence soumises des pressions identiques. L'équilibrage des pressions se fait de manière naturelle, en ce sens qu'aucun dispositif d'injection de fluide de compensation n'est nécessaire.In other words, the deformation of the
Lorsque le dispositif 1 est plongé dans le liquide environnant 2, le dispositif 1 s'oriente spontanément dans une position d'équilibre stable. Dans la position d'équilibre stable, l'axe principal 4 est vertical et la première ouverture 34 est située au-dessus de la deuxième ouverture 35.When the
Cette orientation présente l'avantage que la membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 est soumise à la même pression hydrostatique de manière axisymétrique autour de l'axe principal 4.This orientation has the advantage that the
La
Comme dans le mode de réalisation de la
Le corps creux 3 et le haut-parleur 5 sont identiques au corps creux 3 du mode de réalisation de la
En revanche, dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la
Dans l'exemple illustré sur la
La membrane souple 17 formant la poche d'équilibrage de pression 14 est propre à se déformer sous l'effet d'une variation de pression du liquide environnant 2. Plus précisément, lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 augmente, le volume de la poche 14 diminue et la poche 14 se vide du fluide qu'elle contient. Le fluide circule depuis la poche d'équilibrage de pression 14 via le conduit de circulation 18 jusqu'à la cavité 37 du corps creux 3, et pénètre à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 du corps creux 3 via la deuxième ouverture 35. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 est comprimé jusqu'à atteindre sur la face 64 de la membrane 6 une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2 s'exerçant sur la face 63 de la membrane 6.The
Inversement, lorsque la pression du liquide environnant 2 diminue, le volume de la poche 14 augmente et la poche d'équilibrage de pression 14 se remplit de fluide. Du fluide est évacué depuis la cavité 37 est guidé vers la poche d'équilibrage de pression 14 via la deuxième ouverture 35 et le conduit de circulation 18. De cette manière, le fluide contenu à l'intérieur de la cavité 37 est détendu jusqu'à atteindre sur la face 64 de la membrane 6 une pression égale à la pression du liquide environnant 2 s'exerçant sur la face 63 de la membrane 6.Conversely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 decreases, the volume of the
Autrement dit, la déformation de la membrane souple 17 génère une circulation du fluide de compensation de pression à travers la deuxième ouverture 35 de sorte que les deux faces 63 et 64 de la membrane 6 du haut-parleur 5 sont en permanence soumises des pressions identiques. L'équilibrage des pressions se fait de manière naturelle, en ce sens qu'aucun dispositif d'injection de fluide de compensation n'est nécessaire.In other words, the deformation of the
Lorsque le dispositif 1 est plongé dans le liquide environnant 2, le dispositif 1 s'oriente spontanément de sorte que l'axe principal 4 soit vertical et que la première ouverture 34 soit située au-dessus de la deuxième ouverture 35.When the
Cette orientation présente l'avantage que la membrane du haut-parleur est soumise à la même pression hydrostatique de manière axisymétrique autour de l'axe principal 4.This orientation has the advantage that the speaker membrane is subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure axisymmetrically around the
De manière particulièrement avantageuse, l'immersion dans un liquide du haut-parleur 5 a l'avantage de permettre un refroidissement très efficace du moteur électrodynamique du haut-parleur par le liquide environnant le moteur. Ainsi, il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir un circuit ou un système de refroidissement supplémentaire au dispositif 1. Par conséquent, des puissances d'émission bien supérieures par rapport aux haut-parleurs non refroidis par liquide peuvent être obtenues. Le refroidissement est également obtenu lorsque le moteur est entouré d'air, néanmoins dans une moindre mesure.Particularly advantageously, the immersion in a liquid of the
Selon des modes de réalisation préférés, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention est semi-immersible dans l'eau de la mer. Le dispositif 1, lorsqu'il est semi-immergé, peut alors avantageusement être utilisé pour la répulsion de poissons prédateurs. Pour cette application, la bande de fréquence d'émission doit être comprise entre environ 40Hz et 500 Hz. Ces bandes de fréquence sont parfaitement atteignables avec des haut-parleurs électrodynamiques.According to preferred embodiments, the
Par exemple, le dispositif 1 peut servir à éloigner des daurades royales des parcs de conchyliculture afin d'éviter la prédation par des daurades des élevages de moules et de huitres. Le son émis par le dispositif 1 fait alors fuir les poissons prédateurs sans porter atteinte à leur intégrité physique. Par exemple, le haut-parleur dont le niveau de pression acoustique délivré dans l'eau est supérieur à 160dB à 1m (référence 1µPa) peut être efficace pour repousser les poissons prédateurs. Un tel dispositif 1 peut avoir une portée d'environ 300 m.For example, the
Pour protéger efficacement un parc de conchyliculture, plusieurs dispositifs 1 selon l'invention peuvent être agencés immergés ou semi-immergés et espacés de façon à ce que tout le parc soit couvert par les émissions de son au niveau requis lors du fonctionnement des dispositifs.To effectively protect a shellfish farm,
Une autre application possible du dispositif selon l'invention est l'émission de sons agréables dans des piscines de natation ou de loisir.Another possible application of the device according to the invention is the emission of pleasant sounds in swimming or leisure pools.
En fonction de la profondeur d'immersion du haut-parleur dans le liquide, la puissance de celui-ci doit être adaptée afin de compenser la perte de rayonnement avec la variation de la pression du liquide.Depending on the depth of immersion of the loudspeaker in the liquid, the power of the latter must be adapted in order to compensate for the loss of radiation with the variation in the pressure of the liquid.
Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté, le haut-parleur du dispositif peut également comporter un moteur électrodynamique de chaque côté de la membrane. Cet agencement permet de doubler le facteur de force en n'utilisant qu'un seul haut-parleur.According to an embodiment not shown, the loudspeaker of the device can also comprise an electrodynamic motor on each side of the membrane. This arrangement makes it possible to double the force factor by using only one loudspeaker.
Bien sûr, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent être apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l'invention telle que définie dans les evendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (14)
- A sound emitter device (1) that is immersible or semi-immersible in an ambient liquid (2), the device being characterized in that it comprises:• a rigid hollow body (3) having a first opening (34) and a second opening (35), the hollow body (3) being arranged to be immersed at least in part in the ambient liquid (2) and having a main axis (4) passing through the first opening of the hollow body (3);• an electrodynamic loudspeaker (5) comprising a diaphragm (6) closing the first opening (34), a magnet that is mounted stationary relative to the hollow body (3), and a coil (7) that is mounted to be movable relative to the hollow body along a travel direction parallel to the main axis (4) of the hollow body (3); and• a pressure balancing pouch (14) comprising a flexible membrane (17) and suitable for containing a pressure compensation fluid, the flexible membrane (17) being suitable for deforming under the effect of a variation in the pressure of the ambient liquid (2), the deformation of the flexible membrane (17) giving rise to a flow of pressure compensation fluid through the second opening (35) in such a manner as to balance the pressures exerted on either side of the diaphragm (6) of the loudspeaker;characterized in that the device is configured in such a manner that its center of gravity and its center of buoyancy thrust lie on the main axis (4) with center of buoyancy thrust lying vertically in register with the center of gravity, the device (1) and its hollow body (3) being arranged so that, when the device (1) is at least semi-immersed in the ambient liquid (2), the device (1) spontaneously takes up orientation with the main axis (4) of the hollow body (3) extending vertically and with a face (63) of the diaphragm (6) of the loudspeaker (5) being in contact with the ambient liquid (2).
- A device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body (3) defines an internal cavity (37), and the pressure balancing pouch (14) extends inside the internal cavity (37).
- A device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the inside of the pressure balancing pouch (14) is in communication with the ambient liquid (2) via the second opening (35) in such a manner that the ambient liquid (2) forms the compensation fluid.
- A device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body (3) defines an internal cavity (37), and the pressure balancing pouch (14) extends outside the internal cavity (37).
- A device (1) according to claim 4, including a fluid flow duct (18) connecting the pressure balancing pouch (14) to the second opening (35).
- A device (1) according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the pressure balancing pouch (14) is arranged relative to the hollow body (3) in such a manner that, when the device (1) is at least semi-immersed in the ambient liquid (2) with the main axis (4) vertical, the balancing pouch (14) is positioned at a depth (P) substantially identical to the depth of the diaphragm (6) of the loudspeaker (5).
- A device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the device (1) spontaneously takes up an orientation such that the hollow body (3) is semi-immersed in the ambient liquid (2).
- A device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a floating part (8) arranged outside the hollow body (3) and fastened to the hollow body (3).
- A device (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the device (1) and its hollow body (3) are arranged in such a manner that, when the device (1) is at least semi-immersed in the ambient liquid (2), the device (1) spontaneously takes up an orientation with the main axis (4) of the hollow body (3) extending vertically and with the first opening (35) being situated above the second opening (35).
- A device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the coil (7, 71, 72) of the loudspeaker (5, 51, 52) is arranged in a protection chamber (13, 15, 91), the protection chamber (13, 15, 91) being formed by the diaphragm (7, 71, 72) of the loudspeaker, by a flexible membrane (9, 14, 17), and by a wall of the hollow body (3) .
- A device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, having two loudspeakers (51, 52) arranged on the main axis (4) of the hollow body (3) and defining a chamber (10) with their diaphragms (61, 62) and with a wall of the hollow body (3), the chamber (10) being filled with the pressure compensation fluid.
- A device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, having two loudspeakers (51, 52) and wherein one of the loudspeakers (51, 52) is an active loudspeaker comprising a diaphragm and a coil, and the other loudspeaker comprises a passive diaphragm.
- A device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the or one of the loudspeakers (5, 51, 52) is capable of delivering an acoustic pressure level of at least 160 dB at a distance of 1 m from the loudspeaker (5, 51, 52) in a frequency band lying in the range 1 Hz and 500 Hz.
- A device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the loudspeaker or one of the loudspeakers has a respective motor on each side of the diaphragm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1758038A FR3070567B1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | AQUATIC ACOUSTIC SPEAKER |
PCT/EP2018/073506 WO2019043178A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Aquatic acoustic enclosure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3677051A1 EP3677051A1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
EP3677051B1 true EP3677051B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
Family
ID=61187369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18759139.1A Active EP3677051B1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Aquatic acoustic enclosure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11095977B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3677051B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3070567B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019043178A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113645539B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-07-26 | 湖南大学 | Hydrostatic pressure compensation device and working parameter calculation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2523795A1 (en) * | 1982-03-16 | 1983-09-23 | Carre Jean Claude | Submersible electroacoustic transducer - comprises liquid filled cylinder housing mechanism and having flexible membrane ends |
FR2586333A1 (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 1987-02-20 | Teboul Martin | Submergible device for sound-rigging a liquid medium |
FR2589663B1 (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1989-07-07 | Espaces Nouveaux | SPEAKER ASSEMBLY AND ACOUSTIC CHANNEL EQUIPPED WITH SAID ASSEMBLY |
US4868799A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1989-09-19 | Frank Massa | Means for equalizing the internal pressure in an underwater transducer employing a vibratile piston to permit operation of the transducer at water depths in excess of a few hundred feet |
JPH0429499A (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1992-01-31 | Fuosutekusu Kk | Underwater electro-acoustic transducer |
US5369796A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-11-29 | Kung; Gregory E. | Floating sound system |
JP5512107B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2014-06-04 | 大成建設株式会社 | Sonic transmitter |
US8756856B1 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-06-24 | Michael Girvin | Floating apparatus useful for shellfish hunting and the like |
US9618637B2 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2017-04-11 | Pgs Geophysical As | Low frequency marine acoustic vibrator |
EP3201908A4 (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-07-25 | Keith Kropf | Underwater communication systems, underwater speakers, underwater microphone assemblies and methods |
-
2017
- 2017-08-31 FR FR1758038A patent/FR3070567B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-08-31 EP EP18759139.1A patent/EP3677051B1/en active Active
- 2018-08-31 US US16/643,335 patent/US11095977B2/en active Active
- 2018-08-31 WO PCT/EP2018/073506 patent/WO2019043178A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US11095977B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
FR3070567A1 (en) | 2019-03-01 |
US20210067869A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
WO2019043178A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
FR3070567B1 (en) | 2020-05-15 |
EP3677051A1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
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