EP3274378A1 - Composé catalyseur à base de métal de transition du groupe 6 et son utilisation - Google Patents

Composé catalyseur à base de métal de transition du groupe 6 et son utilisation

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Publication number
EP3274378A1
EP3274378A1 EP15886717.6A EP15886717A EP3274378A1 EP 3274378 A1 EP3274378 A1 EP 3274378A1 EP 15886717 A EP15886717 A EP 15886717A EP 3274378 A1 EP3274378 A1 EP 3274378A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
borate
tetrakis
pentafluorophenyl
butyl
phenyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15886717.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3274378A4 (fr
Inventor
Glen E. Alliger
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
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Publication of EP3274378A1 publication Critical patent/EP3274378A1/fr
Publication of EP3274378A4 publication Critical patent/EP3274378A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F10/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2420/00—Metallocene catalysts
    • C08F2420/01—Cp or analog bridged to a non-Cp X neutral donor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/63908—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/63912—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/63916—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer

Definitions

  • TITLE Group 6 Transition Metal Catalyst Compound and Use Thereof
  • This invention relates to catalyst systems comprising a chromium metallocene catalyst compound and their use to polymerize olefins.
  • Chromium oxide deposited directly onto silica, is an active ethylene polymerization catalyst, (see US 2,825,721 and McDaniel, M. P., A Review of the Phillips Supported Chromium Catalyst and Its Commercial Use for Ethylene Polymerization. Advances in Catalysis. Bruce, C. G.; Helmut, K., Eds. Academic Press: 2010; Vol. 53, 123- 606) as is chromocene (Cp 2 Cr) deposited on silica (see Karapinka, G. L. BE723775, 1968).
  • chromium olefin polymerization catalysts Specifically, discrete chromium(III) organometallic catalysts have received a lot of attention lately; such catalysts are of interest because the plastics they make may be useful to industry.
  • Half sandwich chromocenes are disclosed in DE 19710615; WO 2012/040147; US 2013/225820; US 2010/267901 ; and CN 102070732.
  • J. Organometallic s 2000, 19, 388-402 discloses ethylene(cyclopentadienyl) (pyrrolidine)chromium dichloride.
  • This invention relates to a catalyst system comprising activator, optional support, catalyst compound represented by Formula I and a process to polymerize olefins (such as ethylene) with said catalyst system, where Formula I is:
  • T is a bridging group
  • P is phosphorus
  • M* is Cr, Mo, or W
  • each X is independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydrides, amides, alkoxides, sulfides, phosphides, halides, dienes, amines, phosphines, ethers, and a combination thereof, (two X's may form a part of a fused ring or a ring system), preferably each X is independently selected from halides and ⁇ to C5 alkyl groups, preferably each X is a chloride, bromide or a methyl group;
  • each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently, hydrogen, a Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a substituted Ci to C 12 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or substituted heteroatom group;
  • each R 5 and R 6 is, independently, a Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a substituted Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or substituted heteroatom group, where the R 5 and R 6 groups may form a fused ring or multicenter fused ring system where the rings may be aromatic, partially saturated or saturated.
  • This invention relates to a method to polymerize olefins comprising contacting a catalyst compound with an activator and one or more monomers. This invention further relates to novel catalyst systems.
  • Figure 1 is the ORTEP drawing of a catalyst compound of this invention, i.e.,
  • an "olefin,” alternatively referred to as “alkene,” is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond.
  • alkene is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond.
  • a copolymer when a copolymer is said to have an "ethylene" content of 35 wt% to 55 wt%, it is understood that the mer unit in the copolymer is derived from ethylene in the polymerization reaction and said derived units are present at 35 wt% to 55 wt%, based upon the weight of the copolymer.
  • a "polymer” has two or more of the same or different mer units.
  • a “homopolymer” is a polymer having mer units that are the same.
  • a “copolymer” is a polymer having two or more mer units that are different from each other.
  • a “terpolymer” is a polymer having three mer units that are different from each other.
  • ethylene polymer or "ethylene copolymer” is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mole% ethylene derived units
  • ethylene polymer or "propylene copolymer” is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mole% propylene derived units, and so on.
  • ethylene shall be considered an a-olefin.
  • substituted means that a hydrogen group has been replaced with a heteroatom, or a heteroatom containing group.
  • a “substituted hydrocarbyl” is a radical made of carbon and hydrogen where at least one hydrogen is replaced by a heteroatom or heteroatom containing group.
  • Mn is number average molecular weight
  • Mw is weight average molecular weight
  • Mz is z average molecular weight
  • wt% is weight percent
  • mol% is mole percent.
  • Molecular weight distribution also referred to as polydispersity, is defined to be Mw divided by Mn. Unless otherwise noted, all molecular weight units (e.g., Mw, Mn, Mz) are g/mol.
  • Me is methyl
  • Et is ethyl
  • Pr is propyl
  • cPR is cyclopropyl
  • nPr is n-propyl
  • iPr is isopropyl
  • Bu is butyl
  • nBu is normal butyl
  • iBu is isobutyl
  • sBu is sec-butyl
  • tBu is tert-butyl
  • Oct octyl
  • Ph is phenyl
  • Bn is benzyl
  • MAO is methylalumoxane.
  • a "catalyst system” is the combination of at least one chromium metallocene catalyst compound (represented by Formula I), at least one activator, an optional co-activator, and, optionally a support material, such as silica.
  • a support material such as silica.
  • the metallocene catalyst may be described as a catalyst precursor, a pre-catalyst compound, metallocene catalyst compound, or a transition metal compound, and these terms are used interchangeably.
  • a polymerization catalyst system is a catalyst system that can polymerize monomers to polymer.
  • An "anionic ligand” is a negatively charged ligand which donates one or more pairs of electrons to a metal ion.
  • a "cationic ligand” is a positively charged ligand which donates one or more pairs of electrons to a metal ion.
  • a "neutral donor ligand” is a neutrally charged ligand which donates one or more pairs of electrons to a metal ion.
  • a metallocene catalyst is defined as an organometallic compound with at least one ⁇ -bound cyclopentadienyl moiety (or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety) bound to a transition metal.
  • substituted means that a hydrogen group has been replaced with a hydrocarbyl group, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom containing group.
  • methyl cyclopentadiene (Cp) is a Cp group substituted with a methyl group.
  • this invention relates to catalyst systems comprising activator(s), support(s), at least one catalyst compound represented by Formula I, where Formula I is:
  • T is a bridging group; P is phosphorus; M* is Cr, Mo, or W, preferably Cr; each X is, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydrides, amides, alkoxides, sulfides, phosphides, halides, dienes, amines, phosphines, ethers, and a combination thereof, (two X's may form a part of a fused ring or a ring system), preferably each X is independently selected from halides and ⁇ to C5 alkyl groups, preferably each X is a chloride, bromide or a methyl group; each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is, independently, a Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a substituted Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or substituted heteroatom group; and each R 5 and R 6 is, independently, a Ci to Ci
  • each R1, R ⁇ , R3, and R ⁇ is, independently, hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, docecyl, or an isomer thereof, CI, Br, F, I, or Si, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or an isomer thereof.
  • each R ⁇ and R ⁇ is, independently, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, docecyl, or an isomer thereof, CI, Br, F, I, or Si.
  • the R ⁇ and R ⁇ groups form a 3 to 24 membered fused ring with the phosphorus atom, where the rings may be aromatic, partially saturated or saturated, preferably saturated.
  • the ring(s) have 3 to 20, alternately 4 to 18, alternately 5 to 15, alternately 6 to 12.
  • Useful P(R 5 )(R 6 ) fragments include: diethylphosphino, diphenylphosphino, di-i-butylphosphino, dicyclohexylphosphino, di-p-tolylphosphino, or substituted versions thereof, where the substituents are alkyl, aryl, silyl, and or halide groups.
  • Useful P(R 5 )(R 6 ) fragments are neutral donor ligands.
  • a neutral donor ligand is defined as one that, in its uncoordinated state, bears a formal charge of zero.
  • Useful P ⁇ XR 2 ) fragments are not anionic ligands and are not cationic ligands.
  • T is a bridging group comprising carbon or silica, such as dialkylsilyl, preferably T is selected from CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , C(CH 3 ) 2 , SiMe 2 , SiPh 2 , SiMePh, silylcyclobutyl (Si(CH 2 ) 3 ), (Ph) 2 C, (p-(Et) 3 SiPh) 2 C, and cyclopentasilylene (Si(CH 2 ) 4 ).
  • T is selected from CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , C(CH 3 ) 2 , SiMe 2 , SiPh 2 , SiMePh, silylcyclobutyl (Si(CH 2 ) 3 ), (Ph) 2 C, (p-(Et) 3 SiPh) 2 C, and cyclopentasilylene (Si(CH 2 ) 4 ).
  • T is represented by the formula R 2 a J, where J is C, Si, or Ge, and each R a is, independently, hydrogen, halogen, ⁇ to C 2 Q hydrocarbyl or a C j to C 2 Q substituted hydrocarbyl, and two R a can form a cyclic structure including aromatic, partially saturated, or saturated cyclic or fused ring system.
  • T is represented by the formula, (R* 2 G) g , where each G is C, Si, or Ge, g is 1 or 2, and each R* is, independently, hydrogen, halogen, ⁇ to C 2 Q hydrocarbyl or a ⁇ to C 2Q substituted hydrocarbyl, and two or more R* can form a cyclic structure including aromatic, partially saturated, or saturated cyclic or fused ring system, preferably T is CH 2 ,
  • M* is Cr
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is methyl Me.
  • Catalyst compounds represented by Formula I that are particularly useful in this invention include one or more of:
  • Useful catalyst compounds represented by Formula I can be prepared by means known in the art, such as by 1) lithiation of a secondary phosphine, 2) addition of an electrophilic silyl Cp source, 3) deprotonation of the formed ligand, and 4) addition of a chromiu
  • activator is used herein interchangeably and are defined to be any compound which can activate any one of the catalyst compounds described above by converting the neutral catalyst compound to a catalytically active catalyst compound cation.
  • Non-limiting activators include alumoxanes, aluminum alkyls, ionizing activators, which may be neutral or ionic, and conventional-type cocatalysts.
  • Preferred activators typically include alumoxane compounds, modified alumoxane compounds, and ionizing anion precursor compounds that abstract a reactive, ⁇ -bound, metal ligand making the metal complex cationic and providing a charge-balancing noncoordinating or weakly coordinating anion.
  • alumoxane activators are utilized as an activator in the catalyst composition.
  • Alumoxanes are generally oligomeric compounds containing -A1(R!)- O- sub-units, where R 1 is an alkyl group.
  • Examples of alumoxanes include methylalumoxane (MAO), modified methylalumoxane (MMAO), ethylalumoxane and isobutylalumoxane.
  • Alkylalumoxanes and modified alkylalumoxanes are suitable as catalyst activators, particularly when the abstractable ligand is an alkyl, halide, alkoxide or amide.
  • alumoxanes Mixtures of different alumoxanes and modified alumoxanes may also be used. It may be preferable to use a visually clear methylalumoxane.
  • a cloudy or gelled alumoxane can be filtered to produce a clear solution or clear alumoxane can be decanted from the cloudy solution.
  • a useful alumoxane is a modified methyl alumoxane (MMAO) cocatalyst type 3A (commercially available from Akzo Chemicals, Inc. under the tradename Modified Methylalumoxane type 3A, covered under patent number US 5,041,584).
  • MMAO modified methyl alumoxane
  • the activator is an alumoxane (modified or unmodified)
  • some embodiments select the maximum amount of activator typically at up to a 5000-fold molar excess Al/M over the catalyst compound (per metal catalytic site).
  • the minimum activator-to-catalyst-compound is a 1 : 1 molar ratio. Alternate preferred ranges include from 1: 1 to 500: 1, alternately from 1 : 1 to 200: 1, alternately from 1 : 1 to 100: 1, or alternately from 1: 1 to 50: 1.
  • alumoxane is present at zero mole %, alternately the alumoxane is present at a molar ratio of aluminum to catalyst compound transition metal less than 500: 1, preferably less than 300: 1, preferably less than 100: 1, preferably less than 1: 1.
  • non-coordinating anion means an anion which either does not coordinate to a cation or which is only weakly coordinated to a cation thereby remaining sufficiently labile to be displaced by a neutral Lewis base.
  • “Compatible” non-coordinating anions are those which are not degraded to neutrality when the initially formed complex decomposes. Further, the anion will not transfer an anionic substituent or fragment to the cation so as to cause it to form a neutral transition metal compound and a neutral by-product from the anion.
  • Non-coordinating anions useful in accordance with this invention are those that are compatible, stabilize the transition metal cation in the sense of balancing its ionic charge at +1, and yet retain sufficient lability to permit displacement during polymerization.
  • an ionizing or stoichiometric activator such as tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, a tris perfluorophenyl boron metalloid precursor or a tris perfluoronaphthyl boron metalloid precursor, polyhalogenated heteroborane anions (WO 98/43983), boric acid (US 5,942,459), or combination thereof. It is also within the scope of this invention to use neutral or ionic activators alone or in combination with alumoxane or modified alumoxane activators.
  • Examples of neutral stoichiometric activators include tri-substituted boron, tellurium, aluminum, gallium, and indium, or mixtures thereof.
  • the three substituent groups are each independently selected from alkyls, alkenyls, halogens, substituted alkyls, aryls, arylhalides, alkoxy, and halides.
  • the three groups are independently selected from halogen, mono or multicyclic (including halosubstituted) aryls, alkyls, and alkenyl compounds, and mixtures thereof; preferred are alkenyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and aryl groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (including substituted aryls). More preferably, the three groups are alkyls having 1 to 4 carbon groups, phenyl, naphthyl, or mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, the three groups are halogenated, preferably fluorinated, aryl groups.
  • a preferred neutral stoichiometric activator is tris perfluorophenyl boron or tris perfluoronaphthyl boron.
  • Ionic stoichiometric activator compounds may contain an active proton, or some other cation associated with, but not coordinated to, or only loosely coordinated to, the remaining ion of the ionizing compound.
  • Such compounds and the like are described in EP 0 570 982 A; EP 0 520 732 A; EP 0 495 375 A; EP 0 500 944 Bl ; EP 0 277 003 A; EP 0 277 004 A; US 5,153,157; 5,198,401 ; 5,066,741 ; 5,206,197; 5,241,025; 5,384,299; 5,502,124; and USSN 08/285,380, filed August 3, 1994; all of which are herein fully incorporated by reference.
  • Preferred compounds useful as an activator in the process of this invention comprise a cation, which is preferably a Bronsted acid capable of donating a proton, and a compatible non-coordinating anion which anion is relatively large (bulky), capable of stabilizing the active catalyst species (the Group 4 cation) which is formed when the two compounds are combined and said anion will be sufficiently labile to be displaced by olefinic, diolefinic and acetylenically unsaturated substrates or other neutral Lewis bases, such as ethers, amines, and the like.
  • a cation which is preferably a Bronsted acid capable of donating a proton
  • a compatible non-coordinating anion which anion is relatively large (bulky)
  • the active catalyst species the Group 4 cation
  • EP 0 277 003 Al and EP 0 277 004 Al Two classes of useful compatible non-coordinating anions have been disclosed in EP 0 277 003 Al and EP 0 277 004 Al: 1) anionic coordination complexes comprising a plurality of lipophilic radicals covalently coordinated to and shielding a central charge-bearing metal or metalloid core; and 2) anions comprising a plurality of boron atoms such as carboranes, metallacarboranes, and boranes.
  • the stoichiometric activators include a cation and an anion component, and are preferably represented by the following formula (II):
  • Z is (L-H) or a reducible Lewis Acid
  • L is an neutral Lewis base
  • H is hydrogen
  • (L- H)+ is a Bronsted acid
  • a d ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d-
  • d is an integer from 1 to 3.
  • the cation component may include Bronsted acids such as protonated Lewis bases capable of protonating a moiety, such as an alkyl or aryl, from the bulky ligand metallocene containing transition metal catalyst precursor, resulting in a cationic transition metal species.
  • Bronsted acids such as protonated Lewis bases capable of protonating a moiety, such as an alkyl or aryl, from the bulky ligand metallocene containing transition metal catalyst precursor, resulting in a cationic transition metal species.
  • the activating cation (L- H)d + is a Bronsted acid, capable of donating a proton to the transition metal catalytic precursor resulting in a transition metal cation, including ammoniums, oxoniums, phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof, preferably ammoniums of methylamine, aniline, dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline, diphenylamine, trimethylamine, Methylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaniline, methyldiphenylamine, pyridine, p-bromo N,N- dimethylaniline, p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline, phosphoniums from triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, and diphenylphosphine, oxoniums from ethers, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxan
  • Z is a reducible Lewis acid
  • Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl
  • the reducible Lewis acid is represented by the formula: (Pl ⁇ C -1- ), where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with a heteroatom, a C ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl.
  • the reducible Lewis acid is triphenyl carbenium.
  • each Q is a fluorinated hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably each Q is a fluorinated aryl group, and most preferably each Q is a pentafluoryl aryl group.
  • suitable A d ⁇ components also include diboron compounds as disclosed in US 5,447,895, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
  • this invention relates to a method to polymerize olefins comprising contacting olefins (preferably ethylene and/or propylene) with the catalyst compound and a boron containing NCA activator represented by the formula (14):
  • Z is (L-H) or a reducible Lewis acid
  • L is an neutral Lewis base (as further described above)
  • H is hydrogen
  • (L-H) is a Bronsted acid (as further described above)
  • a d ⁇ is a boron containing non-coordinating anion having the charge d " (as further described above); d is 1, 2, or 3.
  • the reducible Lewis acid is represented by the formula: (Ar 3 C + ), where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl, preferably the reducible Lewis acid is represented by the formula: (Pl ⁇ C+ where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with a heteroatom, a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl.
  • Z d + is represented by the formula: (L-H) d +, wherein L is an neutral Lewis base; H is hydrogen; (L-H) is a Bronsted acid; and d is 1, 2, or 3, preferably (L-H) d + is a Bronsted acid selected from ammoniums, oxoniums, phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof.
  • This invention also relates to a method to polymerize olefins comprising contacting olefins (such as ethylene and or propylene) with the catalyst compound, an optional chain transfer agent and an NCA activator represented by the formula (I):
  • olefins such as ethylene and or propylene
  • R is a monoanionic ligand
  • M** is a Group 13 metal or metalloid
  • ArNHal is a halogenated, nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, polycyclic aromatic ring, or aromatic ring assembly in which two or more rings (or fused ring systems) are joined directly to one another or together
  • n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • the NCA comprising an anion of Formula I also comprises a suitable cation that is essentially non-interfering with the ionic catalyst complexes formed with the transition metal compounds, preferably the cation is ⁇ + as described above.
  • R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C ⁇ to C30 hydrocarbyl aliphatic or aromatic groups, where substituted means that at least one hydrogen on a carbon atom is replaced with a hydrocarbyl, halide, halocarbyl, hydrocarbyl or halocarbyl substituted organometalloid, dialkylamido, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkysulfido, arylsulfido, alkylphosphido, arylphosphide, or other anionic substituent; fluoride; bulky alkoxides, where bulky means C 4 to C20 hydrocarbyl groups; -SR -NR 3 ⁇ 4, and -PR 3 2> where each R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl as defined above; or
  • the NCA also comprises cation comprising a reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (A ⁇ C -1- ), where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl, preferably the reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Ph 3 C + ), where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with a heteroatom, a C j to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted C ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl.
  • a reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (A ⁇ C -1- ) where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted CI to C40 hydrocarbyl
  • the reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Ph 3 C + ) where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with a heteroatom,
  • the NCA also comprises a cation represented by the formula, (L-H) d +, wherein L is an neutral Lewis base; H is hydrogen; (L-H) is a Bronsted acid; and d is 1, 2, or 3, preferably (L-H) d + is a Bronsted acid selected from ammoniums, oxoniums, phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof.
  • Another activator useful herein comprises a salt of a cationic oxidizing agent and a noncoordinating, compatible anion represented by the formula (16):
  • OXe+ is a cationic oxidizing agent having a charge of e+; e is 1, 2, or 3; d is 1, 2 or 3; and A d ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion having the charge of d- (as further described above).
  • cationic oxidizing agents include: ferrocenium, hydrocarbyl-substituted ferrocenium, Ag+, or Pb+ 2 .
  • Preferred embodiments of A d ⁇ include tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate.
  • amidinate catalyst compounds and optional CTA's described herein can be used with Bulky activators.
  • a "Bulky activator” as used herein refers to anionic activators represented by the formula:
  • each Ri is, independently, a halide, preferably a fluoride
  • each R 2 is, independently, a halide, a Cg to C20 substituted aromatic hydrocarbyl group or a siloxy group of the formula -0-Si-R a , where R a is a ⁇ to C20 hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylsilyl group (preferably R2 is a fluoride or a perfluorinated phenyl group);
  • each R 3 is a halide, Cg to C20 substituted aromatic hydrocarbyl group or a siloxy group of the formula -0-Si-R a , where R a is a ⁇ to C20 hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylsilyl group (preferably R3 is a fluoride or a C3 ⁇ 4 perfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbyl group); wherein R2 and R3 can form one or more saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted rings (preferably R 2 and R 3 form a perfluorinated phenyl ring);
  • L is an neutral Lewis base
  • (L-H)+ is a Bronsted acid
  • d is 1, 2, or 3;
  • the anion has a molecular weight of greater than 1020 g/mol
  • Molecular volume is used herein as an approximation of spatial steric bulk of an activator molecule in solution. Comparison of substituents with differing molecular volumes allows the substituent with the smaller molecular volume to be considered “less bulky” in comparison to the substituent with the larger molecular volume. Conversely, a substituent with a larger molecular volume may be considered “more bulky” than a substituent with a smaller molecular volume. [0057] Molecular volume may be calculated as reported in "A Simple "Back of the Envelope” Method for Estimating the Densities and Molecular Volumes of Liquids and Solids," Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 71, No. 11, November 1994, pp. 962-964.
  • MV Molecular volume
  • V s the scaled volume.
  • V s the sum of the relative volumes of the constituent atoms, and is calculated from the molecular formula of the substituent using the following table of relative volumes. For fused rings, the V s is decreased by 7.5% per fused ring.
  • Exemplary bulky activators useful in catalyst systems herein include:
  • boron compounds which may be used as an activator in the processes of this invention are: trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, triethylammonium tetraphenylborate,
  • tripropylammonium tetraphenylborate tri(n-butyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, tri(t- butyl)ammonium tetraphenylborate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate, N,N- diethylanilinium tetraphenylborate, N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium)
  • tetraphenylborate tropillium tetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate, triphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate triethylsilylium tetraphenylborate,
  • Preferred activators include N,N-dimethylanilinium
  • the activator comprises a triaryl carbonium (such as triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium
  • the activator comprises one or more of trialkylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dialkylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-dimethyl-(2,4,6-trimethylanilinium) tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate,
  • trialkylammonium tetrakis-(2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl) borate ⁇ , ⁇ -dialkylanilinium tetrakis- (2,3,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, trialkylammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, N,N- dialkylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, trialkylammonium
  • alkyl is methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec -butyl, or t-butyl.
  • any of the activators described herein may be mixed together before or after combination with the catalyst compound, preferably before being mixed with the catalyst compound.
  • two NCA activators may be used in the polymerization and the molar ratio of the first NCA activator to the second NCA activator can be any ratio.
  • the molar ratio of the first NCA activator to the second NCA activator is 0.01 : 1 to 10,000: 1, preferably 0.1: 1 to 1000: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 100: 1.
  • the typical activator-to-catalyst ratio e.g., all NCA activators-to-catalyst ratio is a 1 : 1 molar ratio.
  • Alternate preferred ranges include from 0.1: 1 to 100: 1, alternately from 0.5: 1 to 200: 1, alternately from 1: 1 to 500: 1 alternately from 1 : 1 to 1000: 1.
  • a particularly useful range is from 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 5: 1.
  • the catalyst compounds can be combined with combinations of alumoxanes and NCA's (see for example, US 5,153,157; US 5,453,410; EP 0 573 120 Bl; WO 94/07928; and WO 95/14044 which discuss the use of an alumoxane in combination with an ionizing activator).
  • scavengers or co-activators may be used.
  • Aluminum alkyl or organoaluminum compounds which may be utilized as scavengers or co- activators include, for example, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, and diethyl zinc.
  • the catalyst system may comprise an inert support material.
  • the supported material is a porous support material, for example, talc and inorganic oxides.
  • Other support materials include zeolites, clays, organoclays, or any other organic or inorganic support material and the like, or mixtures thereof.
  • the support material is an inorganic oxide in a finely divided form.
  • Suitable inorganic oxide materials for use in metallocene catalyst systems herein include Groups 2, 4, 13, and 14 metal oxides, such as silica, alumina, and mixtures thereof.
  • Other inorganic oxides that may be employed either alone or in combination with the silica, or alumina are magnesia, titania, zirconia, and the like.
  • Other suitable support materials can be employed, for example, finely divided functionalized polyolefins, such as finely divided polyethylene.
  • Particularly useful supports include magnesia, titania, zirconia, montmorillonite, phyllosilicate, zeolites, talc, clays, and the like. Also, combinations of these support materials may be used, for example, silica-chromium, silica-alumina, silica-titania, and the like.
  • Preferred support materials include AI2O3, Zr02, S1O2, and combinations thereof, more preferably S1O2, AI2O3, or S1O2/AI2O3.
  • the support material most preferably an inorganic oxide, has a surface area in the range of from about 10 to about 700 m 2 /g, pore volume in the range of from about 0.1 to about 4.0 cc/g and average particle size in the range of from about 5 to about 500 ⁇ . More preferably, the surface area of the support material is from about 50 to about 500 m 2 /g, pore volume of from about 0.5 to about 3.5 cc/g and average particle size of from about 10 to about 200 ⁇ .
  • the surface area of the support material is in the range is from about 100 to about 400 m 2 /g, pore volume from about 0.8 to about 3.0 cc/g and average particle size is from about 5 to about 100 ⁇ .
  • the average pore size of the support material useful in the invention is in the range of from 10 to 1000 A, preferably 50 to about 500 A, and most preferably 75 to about 350 A.
  • Preferred silicas are marketed under the tradenames of DAVISON 952 or DAVISON 955 by the Davison Chemical Division of W.R. Grace and Company. In other embodiments, DAVISON 948 is used.
  • the support material should be dry, that is, free of absorbed water. Drying of the support material can be effected by heating or calcining at about 100°C to about 1000°C, preferably at least about 600 °C. When the support material is silica, it is heated to at least 200°C, preferably about 200°C to about 850°C, and most preferably at about 600°C; and for a time of about 1 minute to about 100 hours, from about 12 hours to about 72 hours, or from about 24 hours to about 60 hours.
  • the calcined support material must have at least some reactive hydroxyl (OH) groups to produce supported catalyst systems of this invention.
  • the calcined support material is then contacted with at least one polymerization catalyst comprising at least one metallocene compound and an activator.
  • the support material having reactive surface groups, typically hydroxyl groups, is slurried in a non-polar solvent and the resulting slurry is contacted with a solution of a metallocene compound and an activator.
  • the slurry of the support material is first contacted with the activator for a period of time in the range of from about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours, from about 2 hours to about 16 hours, or from about 4 hours to about 8 hours.
  • the solution of the metallocene compound is then contacted with the isolated support/activator.
  • the supported catalyst system is generated in situ.
  • the slurry of the support material is first contacted with the catalyst compound for a period of time in the range of from about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours, from about 2 hours to about 16 hours, or from about 4 hours to about 8 hours.
  • the slurry of the supported metallocene compound is then contacted with the activator solution.
  • the mixture of the metallocene, activator and support is heated to about 0°C to about 70°C, preferably to about 23 °C to about 60°C, preferably at room temperature.
  • Contact times typically range from about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours, from about 2 hours to about 16 hours, or from about 4 hours to about 8 hours.
  • Suitable non-polar solvents are materials in which all of the reactants used herein, i.e., the activator, and the metallocene compound, are at least partially soluble and which are liquid at reaction temperatures.
  • Preferred non-polar solvents are alkanes, such as isopentane, hexane, n-heptane, octane, nonane, and decane, although a variety of other materials including cycloalkanes, such as cyclohexane, aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene, may also be employed.
  • the invention relates to polymerization processes where monomer (such as ethylene or propylene), and optionally comonomer, are contacted with a catalyst compound as described above and an activator.
  • monomer such as ethylene or propylene
  • activator may be combined in any order, and are combined typically prior to contacting with the monomer.
  • Monomers useful herein include substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C 4Q alpha olefins, preferably C2 to C20 alpha olefins, preferably C2 to alpha olefins, preferably ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene and isomers thereof.
  • the monomer comprises propylene and an optional comonomers comprising one or more ethylene or C 4 to C 4 o olefins, preferably C 4 to C20 olefins, or preferably Cg to olefins.
  • the C 4 to C 4Q olefin monomers may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
  • the C 4 to C 4Q cyclic olefins may be strained or unstrained, monocyclic or polycyclic, and may optionally include heteroatoms and/or one or more functional groups.
  • the monomer comprises ethylene and an optional comonomers comprising one or more C3 to C 4Q olefins, preferably C 4 to C20 olefins, or preferably C3 ⁇ 4 to olefins.
  • the C3 to C 4Q olefin monomers may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
  • the C3 to C 4Q cyclic olefins may be strained or unstrained, monocyclic or polycyclic, and may optionally include heteroatoms and/or one or more functional groups.
  • Exemplary C2 to C 4Q olefin monomers and optional comonomers include ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, norbornene, norbornadiene, dicyclopentadiene, cyclopentene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene, cyclododecene, 7-oxanorbornene, 7-oxanorbornadiene, substituted derivatives thereof, and isomers thereof, preferably hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, cyclooctene, 1,5 -cyclooctadiene, l-hydroxy-4-cyclooctene, 1- acetoxy-4-cyclooctene
  • one or more dienes are present in the polymer produced herein at up to 10 wt%, preferably at 0.00001 to 1.0 wt%, preferably 0.002 to 0.5 wt%, even more preferably 0.003 to 0.2 wt%, based upon the total weight of the composition.
  • 500 ppm or less of diene is added to the polymerization, preferably 400 ppm or less, preferably or 300 ppm or less.
  • at least 50 ppm of diene is added to the polymerization, or 100 ppm or more, or 150 ppm or more.
  • Preferred diolefin monomers useful in this invention include any hydrocarbon structure, preferably C4 to C30, having at least two unsaturated bonds, wherein at least two of the unsaturated bonds are readily incorporated into a polymer by either a stereospecific or a non-stereospecific catalyst(s). It is further preferred that the diolefin monomers be selected from alpha, omega-diene monomers (i.e., di-vinyl monomers). More preferably, the diolefin monomers are linear di-vinyl monomers, most preferably those containing from 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of preferred dienes include butadiene, pentadiene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, nonadiene, decadiene, undecadiene, dodecadiene, tridecadiene, tetradecadiene, pentadecadiene, hexadecadiene, heptadecadiene, octadecadiene, nonadecadiene, icosadiene, heneicosadiene, docosadiene, tricosadiene, tetracosadiene, pentacosadiene, hexacosadiene, heptacosadiene, octacosadiene, nonacosadiene, triacontadiene, particularly preferred dienes include 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7 -octadiene, 1,8- nonadiene, 1 ,9-deca
  • Preferred cyclic dienes include cyclopentadiene, vinylnorbornene, norbornadiene, ethylidene norbornene, divinylbenzene, dicyclopentadiene or higher ring containing diolefins with or without substituents at various ring positions.
  • Polymerization processes of this invention can be carried out in any manner known in the art. Any suspension, homogeneous, bulk, solution, slurry, or gas phase polymerization process known in the art can be used. Such processes can be run in a batch, semi-batch, or continuous mode. Homogeneous polymerization processes and slurry processes are preferred. (A homogeneous polymerization process is defined to be a process where at least 90 wt% of the product is soluble in the reaction media.) A bulk homogeneous process is particularly preferred.
  • a bulk process is defined to be a process where monomer concentration in all feeds to the reactor is 70 volume % or more.
  • no solvent or diluent is present or added in the reaction medium, (except for the small amounts used as the carrier for the catalyst system or other additives, or amounts typically found with the monomer; e.g., propane in propylene).
  • the process is a slurry process.
  • slurry polymerization process means a polymerization process where a supported catalyst is employed and monomers are polymerized on the supported catalyst particles. At least 95 wt% of polymer products derived from the supported catalyst are in granular form as solid particles (not dissolved in the diluent).
  • Suitable diluents/solvents for polymerization include non-coordinating, inert liquids.
  • examples include straight and branched-chain hydrocarbons, such as isobutane, butane, pentane, isopentane, hexanes, isohexane, heptane, octane, dodecane, and mixtures thereof; cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, and mixtures thereof, such as can be found commercially (IsoparTM); perhalogenated hydrocarbons, such as perfluorinated C ⁇ .IQ alkanes, chlorobenzene, and aromatic and alkylsubstituted aromatic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, mesitylene, and xylene.
  • straight and branched-chain hydrocarbons such as isobutan
  • Suitable solvents also include liquid olefins which may act as monomers or comonomers including ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-pentene, 3-methyl-l-pentene, 4-methyl- 1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, and mixtures thereof.
  • aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents are used as the solvent, such as isobutane, butane, pentane, isopentane, hexanes, isohexane, heptane, octane, dodecane, and mixtures thereof; cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, and mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent is not aromatic, preferably aromatics are present in the solvent at less than 1 wt%, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0 wt% based upon the weight of the solvents.
  • the feed concentration of the monomers and comonomers for the polymerization is 60 vol% solvent or less, preferably 40 vol% or less, or preferably 20 vol% or less, based on the total volume of the feedstream.
  • the polymerization may be run in a bulk process.
  • Preferred polymerizations can be run at any temperature and/or pressure suitable to obtain the desired ethylene polymers.
  • Typical temperatures and/or pressures include a temperature in the range of from about 0°C to about 300°C, preferably about 20°C to about 200°C, preferably about 35 °C to about 150°C, preferably from about 40°C to about 120°C, preferably from about 45°C to about 80°C; and at a pressure in the range of from about 0.35 MPa to about 10 MPa, preferably from about 0.45 MPa to about 6 MPa, or preferably from about 0.5 MPa to about 4 MPa.
  • the run time of the reaction is up to 300 minutes, preferably in the range of from about 5 to 250 minutes, or preferably from about 10 to 120 minutes.
  • hydrogen is present in the polymerization reactor at a partial pressure of 0.001 to 50 psig (0.007 to 345 kPa), preferably from 0.01 to 25 psig (0.07 to 172 kPa), more preferably 0.1 to 10 psig (0.7 to 70 kPa).
  • the activity of the catalyst system is at least 50 g/mmol/hour, preferably 500 or more g/mmol/hour, preferably 5000 or more g/mmol/hr, preferably 50,000 or more g/mmol/hr.
  • the conversion of olefin monomer is at least 10%, based upon polymer yield and the weight of the monomer entering the reaction zone, preferably 20% or more, preferably 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, preferably 80% or more.
  • alumoxane is present at zero mol%, alternately the alumoxane is present at a molar ratio of aluminum to transition metal less than 500: 1, preferably less than 300: 1, preferably less than 100: 1, preferably less than 1 : 1.
  • scavenger such as tri alkyl aluminum
  • the scavenger is present at zero mol%, alternately the scavenger is present at a molar ratio of scavenger metal to transition metal of less than 100: 1, preferably less than 50: 1, preferably less than 15: 1, preferably less than 10: 1.
  • the polymerization 1) is conducted at temperatures of 0 to 300°C (preferably 25 to 150°C, preferably 40 to 120°C, preferably 45 to 80°C); 2) is conducted at a pressure of atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa (preferably 0.35 to 10 MPa, preferably from 0.45 to 6 MPa, preferably from 0.5 to 4 MPa); 3) is conducted in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (such as isobutane, butane, pentane, isopentane, hexanes, isohexane, heptane, octane, dodecane, and mixtures thereof; cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, and mixtures thereof; preferably where aromatics are preferably present in the solvent at less than 1 wt%, preferably less than 0.5 wt%, preferably at
  • the catalyst system used in the polymerization comprises no more than one catalyst compound.
  • a "reaction zone” also referred to as a “polymerization zone” is a vessel where polymerization takes place, for example a batch reactor. When multiple reactors are used in either series or parallel configuration, each reactor is considered as a separate polymerization zone. For a multi-stage polymerization in both a batch reactor and a continuous reactor, each polymerization stage is considered as a separate polymerization zone. In a preferred embodiment, the polymerization occurs in one reaction zone.
  • additives may also be used in the polymerization, as desired, such as one or more scavengers, promoters, modifiers, chain transfer agents (such as diethyl zinc), reducing agents, oxidizing agents, hydrogen, aluminum alkyls, or silanes.
  • This invention also relates to compositions of matter produced by the methods described herein.
  • the process of this invention produces olefin polymers, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene homopolymers and copolymers.
  • the polymers produced herein are homopolymers of ethylene or are copolymers of ethylene preferably having from 0 to 25 mole% (alternately from 0.5 to 20 mole%, alternately from 1 to 15 mole%, preferably from 3 to 10 mole%) of one or more C 3 to C2 0 olefin comonomer (preferably C 3 to Ci 2 alpha-olefin, preferably propylene, butene, hexene, octene, decene, dodecene, preferably propylene, butene, hexene, octene), or are copolymers of propylene preferably having from 0 to 25 mole% (alternately from 0.5 to 20 mole%, alternately from 1 to 15 mole%, preferably from 3 to 10
  • the monomer is ethylene and the comonomer is hexene, preferably from 1 to 15 mole% hexene, alternately 1 to 10 mole%.
  • the polymers produced herein have an Mw of 5,000 to 3,000,000 g/mol (alternately 25,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol, alternately 50,000 to 1,500,000 g/mol, alternately 500,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol).
  • the polymers produced herein have an Mw/Mn of greater than 1 to 40 (alternately 1.2 to 20, alternately 1.3 to 10, alternately 1.4 to 5, alternately 1.5 to 4, alternately 1.5 to 3).
  • the polymer produced herein may have a unimodal or a multimodal molecular weight distribution as determined by Gel Permeation Chromotography (GPC).
  • GPC Gel Permeation Chromotography
  • unimodal is meant that the GPC trace has one peak or inflection point.
  • multimodal is meant that the GPC trace has at least two peaks or inflection points.
  • An inflection point is that point where the second derivative of the curve changes in sign (e.g., from negative to positive or vice versus).
  • Mw, Mn, and MWD are determined by GPC as described below for samples 17 and 18.
  • the polymer (preferably the polyethylene or polypropylene) produced herein is combined with one or more additional polymers prior to being formed into a film, molded part or other article.
  • additional polymers include polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, highly isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, random copolymer of propylene and ethylene, and/or butene, and/or hexene, polybutene, ethylene vinyl acetate, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene methyl acrylate, copolymers of acrylic acid, polymethylmethacrylate or any other polymers polymerizable by a high-pressure free radical process, polyvinylchloride, polybutene- 1, isotactic polybutene, ABS resins, ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), vulcanized EPR, EPDM, block copolymer, styrenic block copo
  • the polymer preferably the polyethylene or polypropylene
  • the polymer is present in the above blends, at from 10 to 99 wt%, based upon the weight of the polymers in the blend, preferably 20 to 95 wt%, even more preferably at least 30 to 90 wt%, even more preferably at least 40 to 90 wt%, even more preferably at least 50 to 90 wt%, even more preferably at least 60 to 90 wt%, even more preferably at least 70 to 90 wt%.
  • the blends described above may be produced by mixing the polymers of the invention with one or more polymers (as described above), by connecting reactors together in series to make reactor blends or by using more than one catalyst in the same reactor to produce multiple species of polymer.
  • the polymers can be mixed together prior to being put into the extruder or may be mixed in an extruder.
  • the blends may be formed using conventional equipment and methods, such as by dry blending the individual components and subsequently melt mixing in a mixer, or by mixing the components together directly in a mixer, such as, for example, a Banbury mixer, a Haake mixer, a Brabender internal mixer, or a single or twin-screw extruder, which may include a compounding extruder and a side-arm extruder used directly downstream of a polymerization process, which may include blending powders or pellets of the resins at the hopper of the film extruder. Additionally, additives may be included in the blend, in one or more components of the blend, and/or in a product formed from the blend, such as a film, as desired.
  • a mixer such as, for example, a Banbury mixer, a Haake mixer, a Brabender internal mixer, or a single or twin-screw extruder, which may include a compounding extruder and a side-arm extruder used directly downstream of a polymerization
  • additives are well known in the art, and can include, for example: fillers; antioxidants (e.g., hindered phenolics such as IRGANOXTM 1010 or IRGANOXTM 1076 available from Ciba-Geigy); phosphites (e.g., IRGAFOSTM 168 available from Ciba-Geigy); anti-cling additives; tackifiers, such as polybutenes, terpene resins, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon resins, alkali metal and glycerol stearates, and hydrogenated rosins; UV stabilizers; heat stabilizers; anti-blocking agents; release agents; anti- static agents; pigments; colorants; dyes; waxes; silica; fillers; talc; and the like.
  • antioxidants e.g., hindered phenolics such as IRGANOXTM 1010 or IRGANOXTM 1076 available from Ciba-Ge
  • any of the foregoing polymers may be used in a variety of end-use applications. Such applications include, for example, mono- or multi-layer blown, extruded, and/or shrink films. These films may be formed by any number of well known extrusion or coextrusion techniques, such as a blown bubble film processing technique, wherein the composition can be extruded in a molten state through an annular die and then expanded to form a uni-axial or biaxial orientation melt prior to being cooled to form a tubular, blown film, which can then be axially slit and unfolded to form a flat film. Films may be subsequently unoriented, uniaxially oriented, or biaxially oriented to the same or different extents.
  • One or more of the layers of the film may be oriented in the transverse and/or longitudinal directions to the same or different extents.
  • the uniaxially orientation can be accomplished using typical cold drawing or hot drawing methods.
  • Biaxial orientation can be accomplished using tenter frame equipment or double bubble processes and may occur before or after the individual layers are brought together.
  • a polyethylene layer can be extrusion coated or laminated onto an oriented polypropylene layer or the polyethylene and polypropylene can be coextruded together into a film, then oriented.
  • oriented polypropylene could be laminated to oriented polyethylene or oriented polyethylene could be coated onto polypropylene, then optionally, the combination could be oriented even further.
  • the films are oriented in the Machine Direction (MD) at a ratio of up to 15, preferably between 5 and 7, and in the Transverse Direction (TD) at a ratio of up to 15, preferably 7 to 9.
  • MD Machine Direction
  • TD Transverse Direction
  • the film is oriented to the same extent in both the MD and TD directions.
  • the films may vary in thickness depending on the intended application; however, films of a thickness from 1 to 50 ⁇ are usually suitable. Films intended for packaging are usually from 10 to 50 ⁇ thick.
  • the thickness of the sealing layer is typically 0.2 to 50 ⁇ .
  • one or more layers may be modified by corona treatment, electron beam irradiation, gamma irradiation, flame treatment, or microwave.
  • one or both of the surface layers is modified by corona treatment.
  • this invention relates to:
  • a catalyst system comprising activator, optional support, and catalyst compound represented by Formula I where Formula I is:
  • each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently, hydrogen, a Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a substituted Ci to Ci2 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or substituted heteroatom group; and each R 5 and R 6 is, independently, a Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a substituted Ci to Ci 2 hydrocarbyl, a heteroatom, or substituted heteroatom group, where the R 5 and R 6 groups may form a fused ring or multicenter fused ring system where the rings may be aromatic, partially saturated or saturated.
  • each R1 , R 2 , R3, and R 4 is, independently, hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, docecyl, or an isomer thereof, CI, Br, F, I, or Si, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or an isomer thereof.
  • P(R 5 )(R 6 ) fragment is selected from the group consisting of diethylphosphino, diphenylphosphino, di-i- butylphosphino, dicyclohexylphosphino, di-p-tolylphosphino, and substituted analogs thereof, preferably where the substitutent is one or more of alkyl, aryl, silyl, or halide groups.
  • each R ⁇ and R6 is, independently, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, docecyl, or an isomer thereof, or CI, Br, F, I, or Si; and each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R11 is, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, docecyl, or an isomer thereof, CI, Br, R, I and Si.
  • each X is independently selected from chloride, bromide, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and pentyl.
  • T is represented by the formula, (R* 2 G) g , where each G is C, Si, or Ge, g is 1 or 2, and each R* is, independently, hydrogen, halogen, C ⁇ to C20 hydrocarbyl or a C ⁇ to C20 substituted hydrocarbyl, and two or more R* can form a cyclic structure including aromatic, partially saturated, or saturated cyclic or fused ring system.
  • a process to polymerize olefins comprising contacting one or more olefins with the catalyst system of any of paragraphs 1 to 10.
  • Z is (L-H) or a reducible Lewis Acid
  • L is an neutral Lewis base
  • H is hydrogen
  • (L- H)+ is a Bronsted acid
  • a d ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d-
  • d is an integer from 1 to 3.
  • a d ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d-; d is an integer from 1 to 3, and Z is a reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Ar 3 C+), where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, a C j to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or a substituted Ci to C 4 o hydrocarbyl.
  • triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate) triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(3 ,5 -bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate
  • MAO is methyl alumoxane (30 wt% in toluene) obtained from Albemarle.
  • Room temperature is 23 °C unless otherwise noted.
  • the mixture was filtered through CeliteTM, using methylene chloride to assist in the filtration.
  • the filtrate was brought to dryness, and subsequently crystallized from a methylene chloride/pentane mixture, yielding 0.54 g of the desired compound.
  • the mixture was filtered through CeliteTM, using methylene chloride to assist in the filtration.
  • the filtrate was brought to dryness, and subsequently crystallized from a methylene chloride/toluene mixture, yielding 1.14 g of the desired compound.
  • the mixture was filtered through CeliteTM, using methylene chloride to assist in the filtration.
  • the filtrate was brought to dryness, and subsequently crystallized from a methylene chloride/toluene mixture, yielding 299.6 mg of the desired compound.
  • TnOAl tri-n-octylaluminum, neat was used as a 2 mmol/L solution in toluene.
  • Amounts of reagents not specified above are given in Table 1. Ethylene was allowed to enter (through the use of computer controlled solenoid valves) the autoclaves during polymerization to maintain reactor gauge pressure (+/- 2 psig). Reactor temperature was monitored and typically maintained within +/- 1°C. Polymerizations were halted by addition of approximately 175 psi O2/A1 (5 mole% O2) gas mixture to the autoclaves for approximately 30 seconds. The polymerizations were quenched after a predetermined cumulative amount of ethylene had been added or for a maximum of 20 minutes polymerization time. The final conversion (in psi) of ethylene added/consumed is reported in Table 1, in addition to the quench time for each run.
  • Examples 17 and 18 were run under the following conditions: A 2 liter zipper autoclave reactor was heated to 130°C using a steam water mix, and nitrogen was flowed through for 90 minutes. It was then charged with 700 mL of isohexane and 30 mL of 1- hexene, as well as a 2 mL solution of tri-n-octylaluminum dissolved in hexane (0.11 M). The reactor was brought to process temperature (80°C) and charged with ethylene to process pressure. The supported catalyst was then injected into the reactor using ethylene, and the polymerization reaction was allowed to run for 60 minutes, with stirring being maintained at 500 rpm.
  • polymer characterization results for polyethylene samples are reported in Table 2.
  • polymer sample solutions were prepared by dissolving polymer in 1 ,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, 99+% purity from Sigma- Aldrich) containing 2,6-di-iiri-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, 99% from Aldrich) at 160°C in a shaker oven for approximately 3 hours.
  • the typical concentration of polymer in solution is between 0.4 to 0.9 mg/mL with a BHT concentration of 1.25 mg BHT/mL of TCB. Samples are cooled to 135°C for testing.
  • PDI polydispersity
  • the sample preparation for SAMMS (Sensory Array Modular Measurement System) thermal analysis measurements involved depositing the stabilized polymer solution onto a silanized wafer (Part Number S 10457, Symyx). The solvent was then evaporated off at ⁇ 145°C. By this method, approximately between 0.12 and 0.24 mg of polymer is deposited onto each corresponding wafer cell. Thermal analysis was measured on a Symyx Technologies SAMMS instrument that measures polymer melt temperatures via the 3 ⁇ technique. The analysis first employs a rapid-scan protocol that heats each cell from 27°C to 200°C in -35 seconds and then rapidly cools the sample to room temperature. This complete procedure takes approximately 60 seconds per cell and is used to minimize each sample's thermal history.
  • SAMMS Serial Array Modular Measurement System
  • the second step involves running a high-resolution scan protocol to measure the second melt of the sample.
  • the protocol heats each cell from 27°C to 200°C in ⁇ 3 minutes and then rapidly cools the sample to room temperature.
  • the high-resolution scan takes approximately three times the amount of time to complete as the rapid-scan protocol. If multiple melting peaks are present, Epoch® Software reports the largest amplitude peak. SAMMS data is reported under the heading of Tm (°C).
  • Samples for infrared analysis were prepared by depositing the stabilized polymer solution onto a silanized wafer (Part number S 10860, Symyx). By this method, approximately between 0.12 and 0.24 mg of polymer is deposited on the wafer cell. The samples were subsequently analyzed on a Brucker Equinox 55 FTIR spectrometer equipped with Pike's MappIR specular reflectance sample accessory. Spectra, covering a spectral range of 5000 cm “1 to 500 cm “1 , were collected at a 2 cm "1 resolution with 32 scans.
  • characterization was performed as follows: gel permeation chromatography was performed on a Waters Alliance GPC 2000 or a PL GPC 220 (Agilent Technologies) equipped with a differential refractive index (DRI) detector.
  • the solvent consisted of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (Sigma Aldrich, Chromasolv grade >99% purity) stabilized with 1000 ppm of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (Sigma Aldrich) and was filtered using a membrane filter (Millipore, polytetrafluoroethylene, 0.1 ⁇ ). All samples were dissolved at a concentration of approximately 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL in this solvent.
  • Dissolution was carried out at 160°C in a shaker oven for 2-3 hours.
  • the samples were immediately transferred to sample carousel maintained at 145°C (Waters Alliance GPC 2000) or the auto-sampler maintained at 150-160°C (PL GPC 200).
  • Separation was effected by three Mixed B columns in series (Agilent Technologies, PL-Gel 10 ⁇ 300 mm X 5 mm) at 145 °C (Waters Alliance GPC 2000) or 160°C (PL GPC 200).
  • the solvent was passed through an in-line filter (Optimize Technologies, SS frit, 2 ⁇ ) prior to entering the columns at a fixed flow rate of 1.0 niL/min.
  • Molecular weight was determined by a conventional calibration as described below using a set of seventeen narrow polystyrene standards (Agilent Technologies) with peak molecular weights (Mp) from -1000 to -10,000,000 g/mol and Mw/Mn ⁇ 1.10. MP for the polystyrene standard provided on the certificate of analysis from the manufacturer acquired through independent characterization by viscometry and light scattering was used for calibration.
  • the conventional calibration curve was generated by fitting a second order polynomial to a plot of the log Mp vs. retention volume for the polystyrene standards in Microsoft Excel (Version 14.0.7113.5000). Using this calibration and the Mark-Houwink expression, molecular weight moments were determined for polyolefins of known composition.
  • the composition used for GPC analysis was determined by H NMR.
  • compositions, an element or a group of elements are preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising”, it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of,” “consisting of”, “selected from the group of consisting of,” or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système catalyseur comprenant un composé chromocène demi-sandwich présentant un donneur de type P inséré, le système catalyseur comprenant également un activateur et étant éventuellement supporté sur de la silice qui produit un homopolymère ou copolymère d'éthylène.
EP15886717.6A 2015-03-23 2015-12-18 Composé catalyseur à base de métal de transition du groupe 6 et son utilisation Withdrawn EP3274378A4 (fr)

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US5593931A (en) * 1995-03-03 1997-01-14 Chevron Chemical Company Cyclopentadienyl group 6b metal alpha-olefin polymerization catalysts and process for polymerizing alpha-olefins
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WO1998004570A1 (fr) * 1996-07-30 1998-02-05 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh Catalyseurs contenant des composes d'organochrome et leur utilisation dans la polymerisation d'alcenes
DE19710615A1 (de) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-17 Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh Organochrom-Verbindungen enthaltende Katalysatoren und ihre Verwendung in der Alkenpolymerisation
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