EP3273454B1 - Elektrischer transformator, der ein isoliermaterial umfasst, und herstellungsverfahren eines solchen transformators - Google Patents

Elektrischer transformator, der ein isoliermaterial umfasst, und herstellungsverfahren eines solchen transformators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3273454B1
EP3273454B1 EP17181119.3A EP17181119A EP3273454B1 EP 3273454 B1 EP3273454 B1 EP 3273454B1 EP 17181119 A EP17181119 A EP 17181119A EP 3273454 B1 EP3273454 B1 EP 3273454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating material
transformer
coil winding
electrical transformer
winding
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Active
Application number
EP17181119.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3273454A1 (de
Inventor
Céline RIGAUD
Bertrand Chauchat
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating

Definitions

  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a transformer.
  • EP2782435 a transformer of the aforementioned type is known. Such a transformer is frequently used as a dry distribution or power transformer in an indoor environment.
  • the insulating material is a doped resin.
  • Such an insulating material is particularly suitable for allowing effective dielectric isolation between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer. Because of its excellent fire resistance, it also gives the transformer increased protection against a fire hazard. It also allows the transformer to be effectively protected against attacks due to an industrial atmosphere, such as dust or chemical agents for example.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by providing an electrical transformer to prevent the appearance of cracks on the insulating material and to improve the heat exchange with the external environment.
  • the subject of the invention is an electrical transformer and a method of manufacturing such an electrical transformer according to claims 1 to 11 and 12, 13, respectively.
  • the figure 1 represents an electrical transformer 10 of a single-phase alternating current input to a single-phase alternating current output.
  • the transformer 10 is connected on the one hand to a current converter 12, supplying the single-phase AC input power, and on the other hand to a voltage converter 14, receiving the single-phase AC current from exit.
  • the transformer 10 is a dry traction transformer for a railway vehicle.
  • the transformer 10 has an electrical power of value for example substantially equal to 290 kVA.
  • the power converter 12 is for example installed under the body of the railway vehicle and is adapted to be connected to a catenary 15, delivering a current and having a high voltage value, for example, equal to 25 kV and a value frequency, by for example, equal to 50 Hz.
  • the voltage of the AC input single phase current delivered by the converter 12 has a value for example substantially equal to 25 kV.
  • the voltage converter 14 is for example also installed under the body of the railway vehicle and is adapted to be connected to an electric motor, installed in the railway vehicle.
  • the single-phase output AC current delivered by the transformer 10 has a low voltage value for example between 3 kV and 5kV, typically of the order of 3.6 kV.
  • the transformer 10 comprises a magnetic core 16, a primary winding 18 and a secondary winding 20, magnetically coupled to the primary winding 18.
  • the primary winding 18 is connected to the current converter 12 and receives on an input the single-phase alternating current. 'Entrance.
  • the secondary winding 20 is connected to the voltage converter 14, and provides on one output the single-phase alternating current output.
  • the magnetic core 16 is of elongated toric form. It is not connected to any electrical potential and is conventionally formed of a stack of cylindrical cores covered by a thickness of glass fabric. Each cylindrical core is conventionally formed of a stack of laminated magnetic sheets.
  • the magnetic core 16 has a height for example substantially equal to 30 cm, an inner diameter for example substantially equal to 10 cm and an outer diameter for example substantially equal to 19 cm.
  • the primary winding 18 is for example constituted, as known per se, an insulated copper wire, wound around the magnetic core 16.
  • the primary winding 18 is formed of strips of a conductive metal, for example copper, the strips being wrapped around the magnetic core 16.
  • the secondary winding 20 is conventionally made of insulated copper wire, wound remotely around the primary winding 18.
  • the magnetic core 16 is connected to an electrical ground.
  • the primary winding 18 is then wound remotely around the magnetic core 16 and is separated from the magnetic core 16 by a layer of insulating material 30.
  • the transformer 10 further comprises a receiving space 22 defined by the space between the primary winding 18 and the secondary winding 20.
  • the transformer 10 also comprises a first layer 26 and a second layer 28 of a material insulation 30.
  • the first layer 26 is formed of the insulating material 30 cast inside the receiving space 22.
  • the secondary winding 20 is separated from the primary winding by the first layer 26 of insulating material.
  • the first layer 26 has the shape of an elongated hollow hollow core of thickness preferably between 12 mm and 14 mm, for example substantially equal to 13 mm.
  • the secondary winding 20 is advantageously wound on the outer surface of the first layer 26 of insulating material.
  • the second layer 28 is formed of the insulating material 30 cast around the secondary winding 20.
  • the second layer 28 of insulating material forms a coating capable of electrically isolating the secondary winding 20 from the outside of the transformer 10.
  • the second layer 28 has the shape of an elongated hollow core of thickness preferably substantially equal to 5 mm. As illustrated on the figure 3 the torus 28 defines in its center an empty cylindrical conduit.
  • a third layer of insulating material 30 is cast inside the cylindrical duct defined by the torus 28.
  • the spatial arrangement of the primary 18 and secondary windings 20 is reversed. More specifically, the primary winding 18 is wound around the secondary winding 20, itself wound around the magnetic core 16.
  • the second layer 28 of insulating material has the shape of an elongated hollow torus of thickness between 12 mm and 14 mm, for example substantially equal to 13 mm.
  • the insulating material 30 is formed of a solidified mixture comprising silicone, in the form of a resin, and particles of alumina.
  • the solidified mixture is obtained from the mixture between a first liquid compound and a second liquid compound, the two liquid compounds being able to react, as soon as they come into contact, according to a vulcanization process.
  • the first liquid compound comprises a first silicon-based reagent and alumina particles.
  • the second liquid compound comprises a second silicon-based reagent and a catalyst, for example comprising platinum in solid form.
  • the solidified mixture has a tensile strength of, for example, 2 N / mm 2 , an elongation at break, for example equal to 20%, and a permittivity, for example equal to 5.
  • All the particles of alumina present a volume preferably substantially equal to 0.5 times the volume of the liquid mixture and a mass preferably substantially equal to 0.8 times the mass of the liquid mixture.
  • Each alumina particle has a diameter of preferably between 10 microns and 100 microns.
  • the silicone resin is replaced by any silicon-based elastomer.
  • the figure 3 is presented to allow to better realize the general appearance that takes the electrical transformer 10 according to the invention.
  • the secondary winding 20 and the first layer 26 of insulating material are represented in solid lines.
  • the second layer 28 of insulating material is shown in phantom.
  • the plane II corresponds to the sectional plane according to which the electrical transformer 10 is represented in the figure 2 .
  • the electrical connections of the transformer 10 are not represented on the figure 3 .
  • the transformer 10 When used in an outdoor environment for example, the transformer 10 undergoes strong mechanical stresses at the interface between the insulating material 30 and the primary and secondary windings 18 and 18.
  • the elastic properties of the silicone give the insulating material 30 increased flexibility. so that it does not crack under the effect of these mechanical stresses.
  • the insulating material 30 has a high thermal conductivity, especially greater than 1 Wm -1 .K -1 .
  • the layers 26, 28 of insulating material can improve the heat exchange between the transformer 10 and the outside.
  • the layers 26, 28 of insulating material also make it possible to spread the thermal losses so as not to generate locally, on the surface of the transformer 10, points at a very high temperature.
  • the electrical transformer according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the appearance of cracks on the insulating material and to improve the heat exchange with the external environment.
  • the figure 4 illustrates a method of manufacturing the electrical transformer 10.
  • an operator winds the primary winding 18 around the magnetic core 16.
  • the operator has a first torus-shaped hollow mold around the primary winding 18.
  • the inside of the first hollow mold defines the receiving space 22.
  • the operator then flows the two liquid compounds inside the first hollow mold, in proportions for example substantially equal.
  • the liquid mixture cures at room temperature, inside the first hollow mold, thus forming the solidified mixture 30.
  • the duration of this hardening step is for example of the order of 48 hours. .
  • the insulating material 30 forms the first layer 26 of insulating material. The operator then removes the first hollow mold.
  • a subsequent step 46 the operator winds the secondary winding 20 around the first layer 26.
  • the secondary winding 20 is wound both around the first layer 26 of insulating material and around the primary winding 18.
  • a subsequent step 48 the operator disposes a second toroid-shaped hollow mold around the secondary winding 20. The operator then flows the two liquid compounds into the second hollow mold.
  • the liquid mixture cures at room temperature, inside the second hollow mold, thereby forming the solidified mixture 30.
  • the insulating material 30 forms the second layer 28 of insulating material.
  • the duration of this curing step is for example of the order of 48 hours.
  • the operator then removes the second hollow mold. As known per se, the operator then proceeds to the various electrical connections, and the transformer 10 is obtained.
  • a heat source is placed near the hollow molds during the hardening steps 44, 50 of the liquid mixture, thereby reducing the duration of the hardening.
  • This manufacturing method according to the invention has the advantage of simplifying the casting and molding operations. Indeed, the winding steps 40 and 46 are separated by the casting step 42, and the manufacture of the electrical transformer is thus performed by constituting successive concentric blocks.
  • This method also makes it possible to dispense with the use of support struts.
  • Such spacers are arranged to support the secondary winding, once it wrapped around the primary winding, during the manufacture of electrical transformers according to manufacturing methods of the prior art.
  • current flow phenomena are likely to appear on the surface of such spacers, thus causing a deterioration of the dielectric insulation capabilities of the insulating material.
  • the invention applies in the same way to any type of electrical transformer comprising a magnetic core, a primary winding and a secondary winding, for example a distribution transformer or a power transformer, independently of its geometric configuration and its electrical characteristics.
  • the invention applies in the same way to an electrical transformer of a polyphase alternating current into a polyphase alternating current.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Elektrischer Transformator (10), umfassend:
    - einen Magnetkern (16),
    - eine erste Wicklung (18), die um den Magnetkern (16) gewickelt ist und an ihrem Eingang einen Eingangswechselstrom empfängt,
    - eine zweite Wicklung (20), die um den Magnetkern (16) gewickelt ist und an ihrem Ausgang einen Ausgangswechselstrom liefert,
    - einen Aufnahmeraum (22), der zwischen der ersten (18) und der zweiten (20) Wicklung definiert ist,
    - ein Isoliermaterial (30), das in das Innere des Aufnahmeraums (22) eingelassen ist, um elektrisch die erste Wicklung (18) von der zweiten Wicklung (20) zu isolieren,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Isoliermaterial (30) ein Elastomer auf der Basis von Silizium aufweist, das eine Mehrzahl von Aluminiumoxidpartikeln beinhaltet.
  2. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Elastomer auf der Basis von Silizium ein Silikon ist, das die Form eines Harzes aufweist.
  3. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Silikonharz eine Zugfestigkeit vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 N/mm2 und 5 N/mm2 aufweist, vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen gleich 2 N/mm2 beträgt.
  4. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrzahl von Aluminiumoxidpartikeln eine Volumenanteil des Isoliermaterials vorzugsweise zwischen 0,3 und 0,7, bevorzugt im Wesentlichen gleich 0,5 und einem Masseanteil an Isoliermaterial vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 0,9, bevorzugt im Wesentlichen gleich 0,8 aufweist.
  5. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Aluminiumoxidpartikel einen Durchmesser von vorzugsweise zwischen 10 µm und 100 µm aufweist.
  6. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetkern (16) torisch ausgebildet ist.
  7. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannung des Eingangswechselstroms in der ersten Wicklung (18) vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen gleich 25 kV ist.
  8. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannung des Ausgangswechselstroms der zweiten Wicklung (20) vorzugsweise zwischen 3 kV und 5 kV liegt, bevorzugt gleich 3,6 kV ist.
  9. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Wicklung (20) um das Isoliermaterial (30) und die erste Wicklung (18) gewickelt ist.
  10. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Isoliermaterial (30) gleichfalls um die zweite Wicklung (20) eingelassen ist, wobei eine Vergussschicht (28) gebildet wird, die geeignet ist, die zweite Wicklung elektrisch von dem Außenraum des Transformators (10) zu isolieren.
  11. Elektrischer Transformator (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Transformator (10) ein Transformator für den Antrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Transformators (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11,
    wobei das Verfahren einen Schritt (40) des Wickelns der ersten Wicklung (18) um den Magnetkern (16) herum und einen Schritt (42) des Gießens des Isoliermaterials (30) in das Innere des Aufnahmeraums (22) zur elektrischen Isolierung der ersten Wicklung (18) von der zweiten Wicklung (20) umfasst, sowie die folgenden Schritte:
    - Härten (44) des Isoliermaterials im Innern des Aufnahmeraums (22), und
    - Wickeln (46) der zweiten Wicklung (20) um das Isoliermaterial und die erste Wicklung (18).
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, das außerdem die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Gießen (48) des Isoliermaterials (30) um die zweite Wicklung (20), und
    - Härten (50) des Isoliermaterials (30) um die zweite Wicklung (20), wobei das gehärtete Isoliermaterial (30) um die zweite Wicklung (20) herum auf diese Weise eine Vergussschicht (28) bildet, die geeignet ist, die zweite Wicklung (20) vom Außenraum des Transformators (10) zu isolieren.
EP17181119.3A 2016-07-22 2017-07-13 Elektrischer transformator, der ein isoliermaterial umfasst, und herstellungsverfahren eines solchen transformators Active EP3273454B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1657075A FR3054365B1 (fr) 2016-07-22 2016-07-22 Transformateur electrique comportant un materiau isolant, et procede de fabrication d'un tel transformateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3273454A1 EP3273454A1 (de) 2018-01-24
EP3273454B1 true EP3273454B1 (de) 2018-10-03

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EP17181119.3A Active EP3273454B1 (de) 2016-07-22 2017-07-13 Elektrischer transformator, der ein isoliermaterial umfasst, und herstellungsverfahren eines solchen transformators

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP3273454B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2018014499A (de)
CN (1) CN107644731B (de)
ES (1) ES2704293T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3054365B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3796342B1 (de) * 2019-09-18 2023-11-01 Premo, S.A. Leistungstransformatoranordnung und wärmeleitende verbindung zum abdichten einer leistungstransformatoranordnung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2018014499A (ja) 2018-01-25
ES2704293T3 (es) 2019-03-15
FR3054365A1 (fr) 2018-01-26
EP3273454A1 (de) 2018-01-24
FR3054365B1 (fr) 2018-08-31
CN107644731A (zh) 2018-01-30
CN107644731B (zh) 2021-09-10

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