EP3259549A2 - Tracer ammunition - Google Patents

Tracer ammunition

Info

Publication number
EP3259549A2
EP3259549A2 EP16704789.3A EP16704789A EP3259549A2 EP 3259549 A2 EP3259549 A2 EP 3259549A2 EP 16704789 A EP16704789 A EP 16704789A EP 3259549 A2 EP3259549 A2 EP 3259549A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tracer ammunition
ammunition according
tracer
projectile
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16704789.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3259549B1 (en
Inventor
Michael MUSTER
Donald Meyer
Peter Spatz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUAG Ammotec AG
Original Assignee
RUAG Ammotec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUAG Ammotec AG filed Critical RUAG Ammotec AG
Priority to SI201630731T priority Critical patent/SI3259549T1/en
Priority to PL16704789T priority patent/PL3259549T3/en
Priority to RS20200493A priority patent/RS60235B1/en
Publication of EP3259549A2 publication Critical patent/EP3259549A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3259549B1 publication Critical patent/EP3259549B1/en
Priority to HRP20200674TT priority patent/HRP20200674T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/38—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of tracer type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tracer ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • tracer ammunition is often used to allow the shooter and / or the operation line hit optimization.
  • light bulbs usually pyrotechnic fuel sets are used, most of which are toxic.
  • a generic tracer ammunition based on magnesium and strontium peroxide is known from US Pat.
  • An infrared tracer ammunition is known from US Pat. No. 8,007,608, which contains a pellet which comprises a "tracer ignition composition” which contains boron and, as oxygen carrier, potassium perchlorate and a luminous "tracer composition".
  • the latter consists mainly of magnesium and carbon-containing polymers and serves as a fuel. Ammunition with oxygen carriers has the initially mentioned disadvantage that it continues to burn in the target until the integrated oxygen carrier is used up, which can lead to very bad injuries and is also generally dangerous to fire.
  • INS especially it should go out in case of hits at the finish and cause no environmental damage due to toxic components.
  • the external ballistics of a projectile equipped with a "tracer" should not differ, or only slightly, from a standard series projectile. In this case, no oxygen carrier or pyrotechnic mixtures should be used.
  • Light metal or a light metal alloy and at least one carbon-containing substrate when firing a patronized projectile according to the invention are provided.
  • the necessary for combustion oxygen is supplied solely by a suitable design of the projectile, during its flight, the fuel mixture.
  • the spoiler edge mentioned in claim 4 leads to intensive vortex formation in the fuel area of the projectile and thereby supplies the combustion chamber with atmospheric oxygen.
  • Suitable embodiments of the combustion chamber are given in claim 5, wherein the fuel mixture and the center of gravity of the projectile are to be considered in the choice of dimensions.
  • the tracer ammunition according to claim 6 is aerodynamically favorable, but relatively expensive to produce.
  • the diffuser according to claim 7 acts as such in the supersonic range and allows for production-technical reasons desired enlargement of the diameter of the central longitudinal bore (claim 6).
  • a sleeve-shaped design of the fuel because thus its combustion is controllable within certain limits; especially when this is sandwiched, concentrically layered.
  • the indicated in claim 10 dimensions are adapted to a small caliber ammunition, claim 11.
  • transverse bores is particularly advantageous in a medium caliber ammunition according to claim 15.
  • Fig. 1 is a erfindungsgeraesses small caliber projectile with its conventional cartridge and shot charge, in sectional view
  • Fig. 2 shows a variant of a projectile, shown after leaving the cartridge, in a sectional view
  • Fig. 2a is an end view of the projectile
  • Fig. 2b is a partial sectional view of the projectile
  • Fig. 4 one. Further development of the projectile according to Fig. 3 and
  • Fig. 4a is a representation in a cross-section through the
  • FIG. 1 denotes the projectile of a small caliber tracer ammunition.
  • the front of the projectile is, as usual, designed as an ogive and largely identical in its external ballistics with a notoriously known ordnance ammunition.
  • a combustion chamber 5 is provided in the projectile 1, in which a fuel 5 'is inserted and which is sealed off with a combustible sealing disk 6.
  • the combustion chamber 5 has a sharp-edged bore, which serves as a spoiler edge 7 and in flight a Generated vortex formation, which supplies the fuel 5 'with atmospheric oxygen.
  • the projectile 1 is patronized in the usual way; is shown in a partial section, the cartridge 9 with its shot charge (propellant) 10th
  • This embodiment has the great advantage that compared to the mass-produced Ordonnanzmunition only minimal changes to the bullet tail, by the installation of a combustion chamber with fuel 5 'and gasket 6, are required lent.
  • fuel light metals such as magnesium or titanium
  • a carbonaceous substrate such as cotton, graphite fibers or nitro cotton.
  • the light metal or its alloy can also be processed in the form of powder, foam or films, together with a substrate in the same or different form to a "fuel pellet".
  • a filling quantity of 30 mg of magnesium and 30 mg of carbon fibers is sufficient.
  • the typical pressure P generated in the launch of the charge (shot charge / propellant charge) in a small caliber ammunition with caliber 8.5 mm is 350 to 500 Mpa.
  • the gas temperature ranges from 2500 ° C to 3000 ° C.
  • the usual launch speed is 850 m / s to 950 m / s.
  • Swirl-stabilized small-caliber ammunition is known to rotate at speeds of up to 250'000 1 / min. It is astonishing that the aforementioned relatively low physical values are sufficient to initiate the fuel and the fuel mixture burns throughout the flight of the projectile - without any inherent oxygen carrier - and illuminates sufficiently for target tracking.
  • Fig. 2 is an alternative to Fig. 1 bullet 1 'caliber 8.5 mm, shown in the state of launching.
  • the pressure P is shown as a double arrow, in which case the projectile 1 'is already pressed out of the cartridge.
  • the high gas temperature present in the gun barrel not shown, ignites the sealing disk 6 and thus also the sleeve-shaped fuel 5 '.
  • the oxygen supply of the fuel 5 ' takes place via a front-side supersonic diffuser 8 and a bore 3, which ends in a turbulence bore 4.
  • the bore 3 has a diameter d 1 of 1 mm; the turbulence bore has a diameter d2 of 3 mm, while the combustion chamber 5 has a diameter D of 5 mm.
  • the diameter jump from dl to d2 acts as a spoiler edge and causes the turbulence necessary to supply the fuel 5 'with sufficient oxygen.
  • Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b show the supersonic diffuser 8 and the bore 3, wherein Fig. 2b is a partial sectional view A -.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a mid-caliber projectile 1 "in flight, which is a variant of, for example, the embodiment of FIG
  • the direction of flight is denoted by F, the light beams by L, in which state the previously existing sealing disk 6 has already been burnt.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 relate to projectiles with at least 2.5 times the speed of sound
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 relate to those in the sound range. Accordingly, here is one each
  • FIG. 4 takes into account the fact that in spin-stabilized bullets Taylor vortex flow (TVF - Taylor vortex flow) arise, which can lead to disturbances of the oxygen supply at lying on the same circumference circular line holes 3 '. By displacing the 4, by 1.5 mm, this danger can be eliminated ..
  • the horizontal transverse bores 3 "as behind the vertical bores 3 '. quietly.
  • the subject invention prevents serious fire injuries (wound ballistics!) By suffocation of the flames in the absence of oxygen supply in the target, which represents a considerable advance over conventional tracers.
  • ammunition with an integrated oxygen carrier in particular pyrotechnics burns in the human body until the oxygen is used up, which leads to very bad injuries.

Abstract

The invention relates to tracer ammunition for tracking the trajectory and/or the impact of projectiles in the target, said tracer ammunition containing mostly pyrotechnics. Said pyrotechnics have various disadvantages, wherein the main disadvantage is the further combustion of the pyrotechnics even after penetration of the projectile in the target. This causes an increased risk of fire and an acute risk of injury. A mixture (51) according to the invention of light metal and a carbon-containing substrate ignites during the firing of a projectile (1) and burns during its flight by effect of the air oxygen introduced into the combustion chamber (5) via tear-off edges (7) and produces a tracer (L) that extinguishes in the target.

Description

Leuchtspurmunition  Tracer ammunition
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Leuchtspur munition nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. In militärischen Übungen und Einsätzen wird oft Leuchtspurmunition verwendet , um den Schützen und/oder der Einsatzleitung eine Trefferoptimierung zu erlauben . Als Leuchtmittel werden meist pyrotechnische Brennstoffsätze verwendet, von denen die meisten toxisch sind. Eine gattungsgemässe Leuchtspurraunition, basierend auf Magnesium und Strontiumperoxid ist aus dem US-Patent Nr . The present invention relates to a tracer ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1. In military exercises and missions tracer ammunition is often used to allow the shooter and / or the operation line hit optimization. As light bulbs usually pyrotechnic fuel sets are used, most of which are toxic. A generic tracer ammunition based on magnesium and strontium peroxide is known from US Pat.
4,597,810 bekannt. 4,597,810 known.
Nachteilig sind pyrotechnische Mischungen aus zahlreichen Gründen: Ihr Einsatz verursacht oft Flächenbrände und/oder schwere Verletzungen (Verbrennungen) ; SchwermetallZusätze in Pyrotechnika verursachen zudem nachhaltige Umweltschäden; beim Transport werden sie als Gefahrengut eingestuft und erfordern besondere Transportmittel; sie sind relativ aufwändig und kostspielig in ihrer Herstellung; die Be- Schaffung der Rohstoffe ist kostenintensiv. Besonders nachteilig ist die beträchtliche Änderung der Aussenballi- stik dieser Art Geschosse als Folge des Abbrands der Pyrotechniksätze und der damit verbundenen Schwerpunktverlagerungen. Dadurch wird die eigentliche Aufgabe von Leucht- spurmunition nicht erfüllt , nämlich die Erhöhung der Treffergenauigkeit der Ordonnanzmunition durch deren Ergänzung mit Leuchtspurmunition geht weitgehend verloren. Dementsprechend wurden zahlreiche Alternativen, mit mehr oder weniger Erfolg eingesetzt, wie Chemolumineszenz (US - Bl- 6,497,181), batteriegespeiste LEDs, Light Emitting Dio- des, (US -AI- 2004/0099173) und HLA - hybride Lumineszenz aus Photo- und/oder Tribolumineszenz-materialien (US -Bl- 8, 402,896) . Disadvantages are pyrotechnic mixtures for numerous reasons: their use often causes surface fires and / or serious injuries (burns); Heavy metal additives in pyrotechnics also cause lasting environmental damage; during transport, they are classified as dangerous goods and require special means of transport; they are relatively expensive and expensive to produce; the creation of raw materials is costly. Particularly disadvantageous is the considerable change in the external ballistics of this type of projectile as a result of the burning down of the pyrotechnic sets and the associated center of gravity displacements. As a result, the actual task of illuminated ammunition is not met, namely the increase in the accuracy of accuracy of Ordonnanzmunition by supplementing it with tracer ammunition is largely lost. Accordingly, numerous alternatives have been used, with more or less success, such as chemoluminescence (US Pat. No. 4,497,181), battery-fed LEDs, light-emitting diodes (US Pat. No. 2004/0099173) and HLA-hybrid luminescence from photo- and / or or triboluminescent materials (US Pat. No. 8,402,896).
Aus der US -PS- 8,007,608 ist eine Infrarot-Leuchtspurmunition bekannt, welche ein Pellet beinhaltet das aus einer "Tracer Ignition composition" , welche Bor und als Sauer- stoffträger Kaliumperchlorat und eine leuchtende "Tracer composition" enthält. Letztere besteht vorwiegend aus Magnesium und kohlenstoffhaltigen Polymeren und dient als Brennstoff . Munition mit Sauerstoffträgem hat den eingangs erwähnten Nachteil, dass diese auch im Ziel weiterbrennt bis der integrierte Sauerstoffträger aufgebraucht ist, was zu sehr schlimmen Verletzungen führen kann und zudem allgemein brandgefährlich ist. An infrared tracer ammunition is known from US Pat. No. 8,007,608, which contains a pellet which comprises a "tracer ignition composition" which contains boron and, as oxygen carrier, potassium perchlorate and a luminous "tracer composition". The latter consists mainly of magnesium and carbon-containing polymers and serves as a fuel. Ammunition with oxygen carriers has the initially mentioned disadvantage that it continues to burn in the target until the integrated oxygen carrier is used up, which can lead to very bad injuries and is also generally dangerous to fire.
Im Weiteren ist aus der US H 489 ein Projektil mit einer axialen Bohrung bekannt , welches einer einfachen Spektral- analyse dient, in dem einer grosszügig dimensionierten pyrotechnischen Mischung durch die Längsbohrung Sauerstoff in den Heckbereich geführt wird und dort eine entsprechend grosse Flamme erzeugt . Diese soll das Vorhandensein von Chlorverbindungen, Senfgas, Phosgen, Tränengas etc. durch Farbänderungen detektierbar machen . Auch dieses Projektil brennt beim Auftreffen auf den Boden und/oder einen Gegenstand weiter . Furthermore, from US H 489 a projectile with an axial bore is known, which serves a simple spectral analysis, in which a generously dimensioned pyrotechnic mixture through the longitudinal bore oxygen is fed into the rear area and generates a correspondingly large flame there. This should make the presence of chlorine compounds, mustard gas, phosgene, tear gas, etc. detectable by color changes. Also this projectile burns when hitting the ground and / or an object.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Leuchtspurmunition zu schaffen, welche eine sichere Flugverfolgung (Tracing) ge- währleistet und trotzdem weniger brandgefährlich ist. Ins- besondere soll sie bei Treffern im Ziel erlöschen und keine Umweltschäden durch toxische Bestandteile verursachen. Die Aussenballistik eines mit einem "Tracer" ausgerüsteten Geschosses soll sich nicht oder nur minimal von einem übli- chen Seriengeschoss unterscheiden. Dabei sollen keine Sauerstoffträger bzw. pyrotechnische Mischungen eingesetzt werden. It is an object of the invention to provide a tracer ammunition, which ensures safe tracing and yet less dangerous to fire. INS especially it should go out in case of hits at the finish and cause no environmental damage due to toxic components. The external ballistics of a projectile equipped with a "tracer" should not differ, or only slightly, from a standard series projectile. In this case, no oxygen carrier or pyrotechnic mixtures should be used.
Dies wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. überraschenderweise entzündet sich eine Mischung aus This is solved by the features of claim 1. Surprisingly, a mixture ignites
Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetall-Legierung und wenigstens einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Substrat beim Abschuss eines patronierten, erfindungsgemässen Geschosses . Der zur Verbrennung notwendige Sauerstoff wird einzig durch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung des Geschosses, während dessen Flug, der Brennstoffmischung zugeführt. Light metal or a light metal alloy and at least one carbon-containing substrate when firing a patronized projectile according to the invention. The necessary for combustion oxygen is supplied solely by a suitable design of the projectile, during its flight, the fuel mixture.
In nachfolgenden abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des ErfindungsgenStands beschrieben . In subsequent dependent claims advantageous developments of the ErfindungsgenStands are described.
Experimentell erprobt wurden BrennStoffmischungen gemäss Anspruch 2 , auf der Basis von Magnesium und Titan . Das kohlenstoffhaltige Substrat nach Anspruch 3 erhöht die Brenndauer der Leichtmetall-Legierung und ermöglicht damit eine Verfolgung der Leuchtspur eines Geschosses über dessen gesamten Einsatzbereich . Experimentally tested were fuel mixtures according to claim 2, based on magnesium and titanium. The carbonaceous substrate according to claim 3 increases the burning time of the light metal alloy and thus allows tracking the tracer of a bullet over its entire application.
Die in Anspruch 4 erwähnte Abrisskante führt zu einer in- tensiven Wirbelbildung im Brennstoff bereich des Geschosses und versorgt dadurch den Brennraum mit Luftsauerstoff . Geeignete Ausgestaltungen des Brennraums sind Anspruch 5 zu entnehmen, wobei die Brennstoffmischung und die Schwerpunktlage des Geschosses bei der Wahl der Abmessungen zu berücksichtigen sind. Die Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 6 ist aerodynamisch günstig, jedoch in ihrer Herstellung relativ teuer. The spoiler edge mentioned in claim 4 leads to intensive vortex formation in the fuel area of the projectile and thereby supplies the combustion chamber with atmospheric oxygen. Suitable embodiments of the combustion chamber are given in claim 5, wherein the fuel mixture and the center of gravity of the projectile are to be considered in the choice of dimensions. The tracer ammunition according to claim 6 is aerodynamically favorable, but relatively expensive to produce.
Der Diffusor nach Anspruch 7 wirkt als solcher im Überschallbereich und erlaubt eine aus fabrikationstechnischen Gründen erwünschte Vergrösserung des Durchmessers der zen- tralen Längsbohrung (Anspruch 6) . The diffuser according to claim 7 acts as such in the supersonic range and allows for production-technical reasons desired enlargement of the diameter of the central longitudinal bore (claim 6).
Vorteilhaft ist eine hülsenförmige Ausbildung des Brennstoffs, weil damit dessen Abbrand in gewissen Grenzen steuerbar ist; insbesondere wenn dieser sandwichartig, konzentrisch geschichtet ist. Die in Anspruch 10 aufgezeigten Abmessungen sind auf eine Kleinkalibermunition, Anspruch 11, abgestimmt. Advantageously, a sleeve-shaped design of the fuel, because thus its combustion is controllable within certain limits; especially when this is sandwiched, concentrically layered. The indicated in claim 10 dimensions are adapted to a small caliber ammunition, claim 11.
FĂĽr relativ langsam fliegende Geschosse - bis etwa Mach 1.1 - sind Querbohrungen nach Anspruch 12 und 13 geeignet . For relatively slow-flying projectiles - up to about Mach 1.1 - transverse bores are suitable according to claim 12 and 13.
Querbohrungen die paarweise zu einander um wenige Millime- ter versetzt sind erhöhen die Zuverlässigkeit des Abbrands der Brennstoffmischung, weil sie die Effekte der Taylor- Wirbelströmung kompensieren; Anspruch 14. Cross-bores offset by a few millimeters in pairs increase the reliability of the burn-up of the fuel mixture because they compensate for the effects of the Taylor vortex flow; Claim 14.
Der Einsatz von Querbohrungen ist insbesondere bei einer Mittelkalibermunition nach Anspruch 15 vorteilhaft . An Hand von Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend Ausführungsbei- piele der Erfindung erläutert. Es zeigen: The use of transverse bores is particularly advantageous in a medium caliber ammunition according to claim 15. With reference to drawings, embodiments of the invention are explained below. Show it:
Fig. 1 Ein erfindungsgeraässes Kleinkalibergeschoss mit seiner konventionellen Patrone und Schussladung, in Schnittdarstellung, Fig. 2 eine Variante eines Geschosses, dargestellt nach dem Verlassen der Patrone, in Schnittdarstellung, 1 is a erfindungsgeraesses small caliber projectile with its conventional cartridge and shot charge, in sectional view, Fig. 2 shows a variant of a projectile, shown after leaving the cartridge, in a sectional view,
Fig. 2a eine stirnseitige Ansicht des Geschosses nach Fig. 2a is an end view of the projectile
Fig. 2,  2,
Fig. 2b eine Teilschnittdarstellung des Geschosses nach Fig. 2b is a partial sectional view of the projectile
Fig. 2 und Fig. 2a,  2 and Fig. 2a,
Fig. 3 eine weitere Variante eines Geschosses, während dessen Flug im Bereich der Schallgeschwindigkeit, in Schnittdarstellung, 3 shows a further variant of a projectile, during its flight in the range of the speed of sound, in section,
Fig . 4 eine. Weiterentwicklung des Geschosses nach Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 one. Further development of the projectile according to Fig. 3 and
Fig. 4a eine Darstellung in einem Quer-Schnitt durch das Fig. 4a is a representation in a cross-section through the
Geschoss nach Fig . 4.  Projectile according to FIG. 4th
In Figur 1 ist mit 1 das Geschoss einer Kleinkaliber- Leuchtspurmunition bezeichnet . Die Front des Geschosses ist, wie ĂĽblich als Ogive ausgebildet und in seiner Ă„ussen- ballistik weitgehendst identisch mit einer notorisch bekannten Ordonnanzmunition. Heckseitig ist im Geschoss 1 ein Brennraum 5 vorgesehen, in dem ein Brennstoff 5 ' eingesetzt ist und der mit einer brennbaren Dichtungsscheibe 6 abge- dichtet ist . Der Brennraum 5 weist eine scharfkantige Bohrung auf, welche als Abrisskante 7 dient und im Flug eine Wirbelbildung erzeugt, welche den Brennstoff 5' mit Luftsauerstoff versorgt. In FIG. 1, 1 denotes the projectile of a small caliber tracer ammunition. The front of the projectile is, as usual, designed as an ogive and largely identical in its external ballistics with a notoriously known ordnance ammunition. On the rear side, a combustion chamber 5 is provided in the projectile 1, in which a fuel 5 'is inserted and which is sealed off with a combustible sealing disk 6. The combustion chamber 5 has a sharp-edged bore, which serves as a spoiler edge 7 and in flight a Generated vortex formation, which supplies the fuel 5 'with atmospheric oxygen.
Das Geschoss 1 ist in ĂĽblicher Weise patroniert; dargestellt ist in einem Teilschnitt die Patrone 9 mit ihrer Schussladung (Treibladung) 10. The projectile 1 is patronized in the usual way; is shown in a partial section, the cartridge 9 with its shot charge (propellant) 10th
Diese AusfĂĽhrungsform hat den grossen Vorteil, dass gegenĂĽber der massenfabrizierten Ordonnanzmunition nur minimale Ă„nderungen am Geschossheck, durch den Einbau eines Brennraums mit Brennstoff 5' und Dichtungsscheibe 6, erforder- lieh sind . This embodiment has the great advantage that compared to the mass-produced Ordonnanzmunition only minimal changes to the bullet tail, by the installation of a combustion chamber with fuel 5 'and gasket 6, are required lent.
Als Brennstoff dienen Leichtmetalle wie Magnesium oder Titan, die zur Vergrösserung der Oberfläche in Pulver oder spanform zusammen mit einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Substrat, wie Baumwolle, Graphitfasern oder Nitrobaumwolle eingelegt sind. Das Leichtmetall oder dessen Legierung kann auch in Form von Pulver, Schaum oder Folien, zusammen mit einem Substrat in gleicher oder anderer Form zu einer "Brennstoffpille" verarbeitet sein. Um über eine Schussdistanz von 300 m einen ausreichenden Leuchteffekt zu erzielen ge- nügt beispielsweise eine Füllmenge vom 30 mg Magnesium und 30 mg Kohlefasern. As fuel light metals such as magnesium or titanium, which are inserted to increase the surface in powder or chip form together with a carbonaceous substrate, such as cotton, graphite fibers or nitro cotton. The light metal or its alloy can also be processed in the form of powder, foam or films, together with a substrate in the same or different form to a "fuel pellet". In order to achieve a sufficient luminous effect over a shooting distance of 300 m, for example, a filling quantity of 30 mg of magnesium and 30 mg of carbon fibers is sufficient.
Der beim Abschuss von der Ladung (Schussladung/Treibladung) erzeugte typische Druck P in einer Kleinkalibermunition mit Kaliber 8.5 mm beträgt 350 bis 500 Mpa . Die Gastemperatur bewegt sich im Bereich von 2500 °C bis 3000 °C. Die übliche Abschussgeschwindigkeit beträgt 850 m/s bis 950 m/s . Drallstabilisierte Kleinkalibermunition rotiert bekanntlich mit Drehzahlen von bis zu 250' 000 1/min. Es ist erstaunlich, dass die vorerwähnten relativ niedrigen physikalischen Werte zur Initiierung des Brennstoffs genügen und die Brennstoffmischung während des ganzen Flugs des Geschosses - ohne inhärenten Sauerstoffträger - brennt und zur Zielverfolgung ausreichend leuchtet. The typical pressure P generated in the launch of the charge (shot charge / propellant charge) in a small caliber ammunition with caliber 8.5 mm is 350 to 500 Mpa. The gas temperature ranges from 2500 ° C to 3000 ° C. The usual launch speed is 850 m / s to 950 m / s. Swirl-stabilized small-caliber ammunition is known to rotate at speeds of up to 250'000 1 / min. It is astonishing that the aforementioned relatively low physical values are sufficient to initiate the fuel and the fuel mixture burns throughout the flight of the projectile - without any inherent oxygen carrier - and illuminates sufficiently for target tracking.
In nachfolgenden Figuren sind gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. In the following figures, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
In Fig. 2 ist ein zu Fig. 1 alternatives Geschoss 1' vom Kaliber 8.5 mm, im Zustand des Abschusses dargestellt. Der Druck P ist als Doppelpfeil eingezeichnet, wobei hier das Geschoss 1' bereits aus der Patrone gepresst ist. Die im nicht dargestellten Gewehrlauf vorhandene hohe Gastemperatur entzündet die Dichtungsscheibe 6 und damit auch den hier hülsenförmigen Brennstoff 5'. Die SauerstoffVersorgung des Brennstoffs 5' erfolgt über einen fronseitigen Überschalldiffusor 8 und eine Bohrung 3, welche in einer Turbulenzbohrung 4 endet. Die Bohrung 3 hat einen Durchmesser dl von 1 mm; die Turbulenzbohrung besitzt einen Durchmesser d2 von 3 mm, während der Brennraum 5 einen Durchmesser D von 5 mm aufweist . Der Durchmesser-Sprung von dl zu d2 wirkt als Abrisskante und bewirkt die notwendigen Turbulenzen um den Brennstoff 5' ausreichend mit Sauerstoff zu versorgen. In Fig. 2 is an alternative to Fig. 1 bullet 1 'caliber 8.5 mm, shown in the state of launching. The pressure P is shown as a double arrow, in which case the projectile 1 'is already pressed out of the cartridge. The high gas temperature present in the gun barrel, not shown, ignites the sealing disk 6 and thus also the sleeve-shaped fuel 5 '. The oxygen supply of the fuel 5 'takes place via a front-side supersonic diffuser 8 and a bore 3, which ends in a turbulence bore 4. The bore 3 has a diameter d 1 of 1 mm; the turbulence bore has a diameter d2 of 3 mm, while the combustion chamber 5 has a diameter D of 5 mm. The diameter jump from dl to d2 acts as a spoiler edge and causes the turbulence necessary to supply the fuel 5 'with sufficient oxygen.
Die vorgängig beschriebene Innenventilation des Geschosses nach Fig. 2 ist an sich bekannt aus der DE -AI- 102 32 441, wonach ein axialer Kanal zur Vergrösserung von dessenThe previously described internal ventilation of the projectile according to FIG. 2 is known per se from DE-A-102 32 441, according to which an axial channel for enlarging the latter
Reichweite und zu einer verbesserten Aussenballistik führen soll. - Diese Hypothese ist hier nicht von Bedeutung; die zentrale Längsbohrung 3 dient der SauerstoffVersorgung der erfindungsgemässen Brennstoffmischung . Fig. 2a und Fig. 2b zeigen den Überschalldiffusor 8 und die Bohrung 3, wobei Fig. 2b eine Teilschnittdarstellung A - A ist . Range and to lead to improved outdoor ballistics. - This hypothesis is not important here; the central longitudinal bore 3 serves to oxygen supply the fuel mixture according to the invention. Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b show the supersonic diffuser 8 and the bore 3, wherein Fig. 2b is a partial sectional view A -.
In Fig. 3 ist ein in Flug befindliches Mittelkaliberge- schoss 1" in Schnittdarstellung aufgezeigt. Hier handelt es sich um eine Variante zum Beispiel nach Fig. 2 , wo der Luftsauerstoff durch den Staudruck p durch Bohrungen 3' in die Turbulenzbohrung 4 einströmt . Zur konzentrischen Intensivierung der zum Abbrand des Brennstoffs 5' günstigen Tur- bulenzen sind in Fig. 3 und in Fig. 4, analog zu Fig. 2, ebenfalls Abrisskanten 7 vorgesehen . Der Winkel zwischen den einander gegenüber liegenden Bohrungen 3' beträgt α = 160°. Die Flugrichtung ist mit F bezeichnet ; die Lichtstrahlen mit L, wobei in diesem Zustand die vorher vorhan- dene Dichtungsscheibe 6 bereits verbrannt ist. 3 shows a sectional view of a mid-caliber projectile 1 "in flight, which is a variant of, for example, the embodiment of FIG Concentric intensification of the turbulences favorable for burning off the fuel 5 'are likewise provided in FIG. 3 and in FIG. 4, analogously to FIG. 2, for demolition edges 7. The angle between the opposing bores 3' is α = 160 ° The direction of flight is denoted by F, the light beams by L, in which state the previously existing sealing disk 6 has already been burnt.
Während die Äusführungsbeipiele nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 Geschosse mit mindestens 2.5-facher Schallgeschwindigkeit betreffen, beziehen sich die Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 auf solche im Schallbereich . Dementsprechend ist hier jeweils eine While the embodiment examples of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 relate to projectiles with at least 2.5 times the speed of sound, FIGS. 3 and 4 relate to those in the sound range. Accordingly, here is one each
Schockwellefront ShW eingezeichnet , die in dem Fall hinter den Bohrungen 3 ' bzw. 3" (Fig. 3 und Fig . 4) liegen muss, damit die erforderliche Innenventilation entsteht . Daraus ergibt sich, dass diese Aus fĂĽhrungsbeispiele nur bis etwa Mach 1.1 geeignet sind, was in etwa bei Mittelkaliber- geschosen zutrifft . Shock wave front ShW drawn in the case behind the bores 3 'and 3 "(Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) must, so that the required internal ventilation arises.As a result, these exemplary embodiments from only about Mach 1.1 are suitable , which is approximately true for mid-caliber cases.
Das Beispiel nach Fig . 4 trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass bei drallstabilisierten Geschossen Taylor-WirbelStrömungen (TVF - Taylor vortex flow) entstehen, die bei auf der gleichen Umfangs-Kreislinie liegenden Bohrungen 3' zu Störungen der Sauerstoffzufuhr führen können . Durch ein Versetzen der Bohrungen 3' zu den Bohrungen 3", siehe Fig. 4, um 1.5 mm kann diese Gefahr eliminiert werden. In der Teilschnittdarstellung B - B, Fig. 4a, erkennt man die horizontalen Querbohrungen 3" als hinter den vertikalen Bohrungen 3' lie- gend. The example of FIG. 4 takes into account the fact that in spin-stabilized bullets Taylor vortex flow (TVF - Taylor vortex flow) arise, which can lead to disturbances of the oxygen supply at lying on the same circumference circular line holes 3 '. By displacing the 4, by 1.5 mm, this danger can be eliminated .. In the partial sectional view B - B, Fig. 4a, one recognizes the horizontal transverse bores 3 "as behind the vertical bores 3 '. quietly.
Die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen, dass zahlreiche konstruktive Ausgestaltungen möglich sind, welche eine Optimierung der Geschossballistik und insbesondere der sich im Flug veränderten Schwerpunktslage des Ge- schosses Rechnung tragen. Es hat sich dabei als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die externe Zufuhr von Luftsauerstoff nur geringe Brennstoff Mengen erfordern und diese grundsätzlich am Ort des Massenschwerpunktes einbringbar sind. The exemplary embodiments described above show that numerous structural designs are possible which take into account the optimization of the projectile ballistics and, in particular, the change in the center of gravity of the projectile during flight. It has proven to be advantageous that the external supply of atmospheric oxygen require only small amounts of fuel and they are basically introduced at the location of the center of mass.
Der Erfindungsgegenstand verhindert schwere Brandverlet zun- gen (Wundballistik! ) durch Ersticken der Flammen bei fehlender Sauerstoffzufuhr im Ziel, was einen beträchtlichen Fortschritt gegenüber konventionellen Leuchtspursätzen ergibt.- Es musste leider festgestellt werden, dass Munition mit einem integrierten Sauerstoffträger, insbesondere Pyro- technika auch im menschlichen Körper weiterbrennt, bis der Sauerstoff aufgebraucht ist, was zu sehr schlimmen Verletzungen führt . The subject invention prevents serious fire injuries (wound ballistics!) By suffocation of the flames in the absence of oxygen supply in the target, which represents a considerable advance over conventional tracers. Unfortunately, it has to be stated that ammunition with an integrated oxygen carrier, in particular pyrotechnics burns in the human body until the oxygen is used up, which leads to very bad injuries.
B e z e i c h n u n g s l i s t e C o n s e c tio n s s e c tio n s
1,1', 1" Kleinkalibergeschoss (Gewehrpatrone 6,5 mm)1,1 ', 1 "small caliber bullet (rifle cartridge 6,5 mm)
2 Ogive 2 Ogive
3 zentrale Längsbohrung 3 central longitudinal bore
3 ' Querbohrung  3 'cross bore
3" gegenüber 3' versetzte Querbohrung  3 "offset from 3 'transverse bore
4 Turbulenzbohrung  4 turbulence hole
5 Brennraum  5 combustion chamber
5 ' Brennstoff / BrennstoffhĂĽlse 5 'fuel / fuel sleeve
6 Dichtungsscheibe (Gasdichtung, Brennbar) 6 sealing washer (gas seal, combustible)
7 Abrisskante (scharf) 7 spoiler edge (sharp)
8 Überschalldiffusor  8 supersonic diffuser
9 Patronenhülse  9 cartridge case
10 Schussladung (Treibladung) α Winkel zwischen Bohrungen 3' 10 shot charge (propellant charge) α angle between holes 3 '
d1 Bohrung von 3 d1 hole of 3
d2 Bohrung von 4 d2 hole of 4
D Aussendurchmesser von 5 D outside diameter of 5
F Flugrichtung  F direction of flight
L Lichtstrahlen (Strahlenbündel)  L beams (beams)
P Gasdruck bei Abschuss  P Gas pressure at launch
p partieller Staudruck p partial dynamic pressure
ShW Schockwellenfront ShW shock wave front

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ĂĽ c h e Patent claims
1. Leuchtspurmunition bestehend aus einer Patrone mit Anzündhütchen, Treibladungspulver und einem in die Patrone eingesetzten Geschosskörper mit heckseitiger Bohrung und einer darin eingelegten Brennstoffmischung mit heckseitiger, brennbarer Gasdichtung welche sich beim Abschuss des Geschosses entzündet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennstoffmischung ei nerseits aus Leichtmetall oder einer Leichtmetall- Legierung in Form von Pulver und/oder Spänen, Schaum oder Folien und anderseits aus wenigstens einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Substrat besteht und dass im Geschoss oder am Geschoss wenigstens eine Abrisskante vorgesehen ist, welche die Brennstoffmischung mit Luftsauerstoff versorgt. 1. tracer ammunition consisting of a cartridge with primer, propellant powder and a cartridge inserted into the cartridge with rear hole and a fuel mixture inserted in it with rear-side, combustible gas seal which ignites when shooting the projectile, characterized in that the fuel mixture egg nerseits made of light metal or a light metal alloy in the form of powder and / or chips, foam or films and on the other hand consists of at least one carbon-containing substrate and that at least one spoiler edge is provided in the projectile or on the projectile, which supplies the fuel mixture with atmospheric oxygen.
2. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass das Leichtmetall aus Magnesium oder Titan oder aus deren Legierungen besteht. 2. Tracer ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the light metal consists of magnesium or titanium or of their alloys.
3. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass das Substrat einen gegenĂĽber dem Leichtmetall niedrigeren Brennwert aufweist. 3. Tracer ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate has a lower calorific value than the light metal.
4. LeuchtSpurmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass im Heckbereich des Geschosses ein Brennraum (5) mit einer konzentrischen Abrisskante (7) vorgesehen ist. 4. Luminous tracer ammunition according to claim 1, characterized marked ¬ characterized in that in the rear region of the projectile a combustion chamber (5) is provided with a concentric trailing edge (7).
5. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass der Brennraum (5) als Sackioch ausge- bildet ist, einen Durchmesser von 2.0 bis 9.0 mm und eine Länge von 2.0 bis 11.0 mm aufweist . 5. Tracer ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber (5) as a blind hole ausge- is formed, has a diameter of 2.0 to 9.0 mm and a length of 2.0 to 11.0 mm.
6. LeuchtSpurmunition nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zentrale Längsbohrung (3) in einen heckseitigen Brennraum (5) mündet. 6. Luminous tracer ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that a central longitudinal bore (3) opens into a rear-side combustion chamber (5).
7. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Längsbohrung (3) frontseitig ein Überschalldiffusor (8) vorgesehen ist. 7. tracer ammunition according to claim 6, characterized in that on the longitudinal bore (3) front of a supersonic diffuser (8) is provided.
8. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsbohrung (3) im Obergang zum Brennraum (5) eine Abrisskante (7) bildet . 8. tracer ammunition according to claim 7, characterized in that the longitudinal bore (3) in the transition to the combustion chamber (5) forms a trailing edge (7).
9. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff ( 5 ' ) hĂĽlsenformig ausbildet ist . 9. Tracer ammunition according to claim 8, characterized in that the fuel (5 ') is formed sleeve-shaped.
10. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsbohrung (3) einen Durchmesser (dl) von 0.7 bis 3.0 mm, die Turbulenzbohrung (4) einen Durchmesser (d2) von 2.0 mm bis 6.0 mm und der Brennraum ( 5 ' ) einen Durchmesser (D) von 6.0 mm bis 11.0 mm aufweisen. 10. tracer ammunition according to claim 7, characterized in that the longitudinal bore (3) has a diameter (dl) of 0.7 to 3.0 mm, the turbulence bore (4) has a diameter (d2) of 2.0 mm to 6.0 mm and the combustion chamber (5 ') have a diameter (D) of 6.0 mm to 11.0 mm.
11. Leuchtspurmunition nach einem der AnsprĂĽche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese eine Kleinkalibermunition ist. 11. Tracer ammunition according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is a small caliber ammunition.
12. Leuchtspurmunition nach wenigstens einem der AnsprĂĽche 1 bis 6, dass vor der zu erwartenden Schockwel- lenfront ( ShW) wenigstes zwei einander gegenĂĽberliegende Querbohrungen ( 3 ' ) vorhanden sind, welche in einer Turbulenzbohrung (4) mĂĽnden und in dies einen partiellen Staudruck (p) einleiten . 12. Tracer ammunition according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, that before the expected shock wave front (ShW) least two opposing transverse bores (3 ') are present, which in a turbulence bore (4) open and in this a partial back pressure (p) initiate.
13. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrungen (3 ' ) in einem Winkel (ot) von 120° bis 180° angeordnet sind. 13. tracer ammunition according to claim 12, characterized in that the bores (3 ') at an angle (ot) of 120 ° to 180 ° are arranged.
14. Leuchtspurmunition nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je zwei einander gegenĂĽberliegende Bohrungen ( 3 ' ; 3" ) zu einander um wenigstens 1 mm versetzt sind. 14. Tracer ammunition according to claim 12, characterized in that each two opposing bores (3 ', 3 ") are offset from each other by at least 1 mm.
15. Leuchtspurmunition nach einem der AnsprĂĽche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese eine Mittelkalibermunition ist . 15. Tracer ammunition according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that it is a medium caliber ammunition.
EP16704789.3A 2015-02-18 2016-02-10 Tracer ammunition Active EP3259549B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201630731T SI3259549T1 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-10 Tracer ammunition
PL16704789T PL3259549T3 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-10 Tracer ammunition
RS20200493A RS60235B1 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-10 Tracer ammunition
HRP20200674TT HRP20200674T1 (en) 2015-02-18 2020-04-28 Tracer ammunition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15405012 2015-02-18
PCT/CH2016/000028 WO2016131158A2 (en) 2015-02-18 2016-02-10 Tracer ammunition

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EP3259549B1 EP3259549B1 (en) 2020-01-29

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CY (1) CY1122878T1 (en)
DK (1) DK3259549T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2788527T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20200674T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE049648T2 (en)
LT (1) LT3259549T (en)
PL (1) PL3259549T3 (en)
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RS (1) RS60235B1 (en)
SI (1) SI3259549T1 (en)
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US11162768B2 (en) * 2017-03-29 2021-11-02 Next Dynamics Corp. Bullet, weapon provided with such bullets, kit for assembling the same, and corresponding methods of manufacturing, operating and use associated thereto
US10928168B2 (en) * 2017-11-10 2021-02-23 Curtis E. Graber Noise control system and method for small caliber ammunition
AU2021309750A1 (en) * 2020-07-16 2023-02-16 Bae Systems Plc Non-incendiary tracers

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ES2788527T3 (en) 2020-10-21
RS60235B1 (en) 2020-06-30
PT3259549T (en) 2020-05-07
LT3259549T (en) 2020-05-25
PL3259549T3 (en) 2020-07-27
HUE049648T2 (en) 2020-09-28
US10451392B2 (en) 2019-10-22
HRP20200674T1 (en) 2020-07-24
EP3259549B1 (en) 2020-01-29
WO2016131158A3 (en) 2017-07-13
US20180023932A1 (en) 2018-01-25
WO2016131158A2 (en) 2016-08-25
DK3259549T3 (en) 2020-05-04
SI3259549T1 (en) 2020-07-31
CY1122878T1 (en) 2021-05-05

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