EP3259449A1 - Machine de compression et detente de type ciseaux utilisee dans un systeme de recuperation d'energie thermique - Google Patents
Machine de compression et detente de type ciseaux utilisee dans un systeme de recuperation d'energie thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3259449A1 EP3259449A1 EP16705536.7A EP16705536A EP3259449A1 EP 3259449 A1 EP3259449 A1 EP 3259449A1 EP 16705536 A EP16705536 A EP 16705536A EP 3259449 A1 EP3259449 A1 EP 3259449A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cycle
- expansion
- compression
- pistons
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/02—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F01C1/063—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/02—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F01C1/063—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them
- F01C1/07—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents with coaxially-mounted members having continuously-changing circumferential spacing between them having crankshaft-and-connecting-rod type drive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/18—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/12—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled
- F01K23/14—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engines being mechanically coupled including at least one combustion engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/36—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/02—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of open-cycle type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/008—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for rotary or oscillating-piston machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
Definitions
- the present invention applies to the field of transforming thermal energy into work. It is more particularly a scissors-type compression and expansion machine intended to be used, in particular, in a system that makes a fluid work to enhance the thermal losses of an engine, for example at the exhaust or on any other hot source. . Indeed, despite improved engine efficiency, a large proportion of energy remains lost in the form of heat. These losses represent about 65% in the case of internal combustion engines, gasoline or diesel. It is released by combustion in the engine cooling system or in the exhaust gas, which forms a hot source with respect to the ambient atmosphere.
- Rankine cycle Some systems for transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy use a Rankine cycle. It is a closed cycle in the sense that the fluid is recovered after the expansion, cooled and recycled to be compressed before returning to the exchanger. In addition, the fluid, usually water, is in vapor form leaving the exchanger with the hot source, then in liquid form after cooling. These features provide good intrinsic performance to systems using this cycle. On the other hand, they have a certain number of disadvantages, among which is the need to install a cooling system which is bulky and which punctures a part of the thermal flow of cooling available for the heat engine, thus penalizing the overall efficiency of the engine. vehicle. This is why other paths have already been explored, with systems using an open cycle. In this case, the working fluid is air that is sucked into the compressor inlet and released into the atmosphere after expansion.
- a first embodiment, described in W012062591, uses a turbine mounted side by side with a compressor on the same axis.
- the air is compressed in the compressor, heated by the exhaust gas in the exchanger, and then expanded in the turbine.
- the energy recovered by the turbine on the axis of rotation is used in part to drive the compressor, the rest being available for the desired applications.
- the use of a turbine requires a continuous air flow. To have a good performance of the turbine, it requires a high flow, while maintaining a sufficient pressure at the input thereof.
- the rotation speeds are high (over 100,000 rpm).
- Turbochargers adapted to these conditions are generally imposing resulting in a turbine architecture and more expensive and expensive compressor.
- the size of a suitable cooling system would be prohibitive for a small vehicle.
- An alternative embodiment is inspired by the hot air piston engine and uses a Brayton cycle.
- the system operates with two pistons coupled to the same axis of rotation by their crankshaft.
- the air is admitted from the outside into the first piston which is lowered, it is then pushed back to the exchanger with the exhaust gases when the first piston rises, then it relaxes in the second piston that lowers, finally it is forced out when the second piston rises.
- the piston system accepts rotational speeds of an order of magnitude smaller than those of the turbomachine to achieve high pressures and thus acceptable performance. This reduces the integration constraints accordingly.
- pistons with their intake systems offer reduced flow sections to the working fluid.
- the size of the pistons must be large to pass the flow required to extract the power released by the exhaust.
- the system uses a piston and crankshaft system and a system dedicated to the admission and exhaust of the working fluid consisting of at least one camshaft and valves for opening and closing the inlet and outlet ports of the working fluid in the system for transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy. This leads to a complex system that is either cumbersome or has limited power.
- the vane machine makes it possible to obtain a high compression ratio and a high flow rate with low rotational speeds and a smaller overall size.
- the vane machine remains limited in terms of the compression ratio obtained.
- it has disadvantages with respect to friction. Indeed, it must provide a seal in contact with the pallets and the wall of the gas working chamber, while the movement of the vanes has a radial component due to the oval shape of the chamber about the axis of rotation. The pressing force exerted by the pallets against the wall increases the friction. This disadvantage is aggravated by the fact that the friction is dry to avoid polluting with lubricant air passing through the machine in an open circuit.
- the invention relates to a compression and expansion machine comprising a body with at least one chamber of revolution about an axis of symmetry and pistons rotating around the axis of symmetry and dividing the chamber into cells rotating with the pistons, said machine further comprising a device for coordinating the movement of said pistons configured so that, during a rotation revolution, each cell performs at least a first expansion / contraction cycle corresponding to a compression step of a first gas flow passing through this cell and at least one second expansion / contraction cycle corresponding to a step of expansion of a second flow of gas passing through this cell
- the characteristics of the compression and expansion machine in flow and pressure favorably influence the efficiency of an energy recovery system in several ways.
- thermodynamic cycle In terms of the thermodynamic cycle, this machine, which operates on the same principle of compression or expansion of a gas in a closed cell as a reciprocating piston, achieves significant operating pressures with a lower rotational speed. turbochargers, so a gain in size and weight. Furthermore, the large passage sections allowed by the rotational movement of the cells in the chamber, allows a higher flow rate and reduce the pressure losses in the machine compared to comparable size pistons. In addition, unlike the pallets of a vane machine, the movement of the pistons does not include a radial component. It is therefore easier to design their interface with the wall of the chamber to ensure tightness between cells and to minimize friction.
- the coordination device is configured so that each cell performs the same number of first expansion / contraction cycles corresponding to a gas expansion step as second expansion / contraction cycles corresponding to a gas compression step.
- the chamber has gas inlet and outlet openings for each expansion / contraction cycle of the cells, the passage section of the gas inlet opening being greater than the passage section of the opening. on the first cycle (s) and the passage section of the inlet opening of the gas being less than the passage section of the outlet opening on the second or second cycles.
- the machine has at least four openings to allow the transfer of the fluid.
- the pressures of the working fluid are different so that the opening sections are adapted accordingly.
- the exchange zone with the ambient air is called low pressure and that with the exchanger is called high pressure.
- the machine has two openings per zone (HP and BP) because the direction of flow is different. By zone, an opening is intended for the circulation of the working fluid from the inside of the machine to the outside, the other opening allowing a circulation of the latter from the outside of the machine inwards.
- the machine comprises two pairs of pistons.
- the difference between two openings of the same zone for example HP zone or BP zone, is smaller than the difference between two openings of two distinct HP and BP zones;
- the inlet opening of the first cycle is close to the exit opening of the second cycle
- the exit opening of the first cycle is close to the entry opening of the second cycle
- each cell performs, during a turn, one and only one first cycle and one and only one second cycle, a step of admitting the first cycle to a cell having a common time interval with a step of Escape from the second cycle on the cell that follows it in the rotational movement. This increases the flow of gas through the machine.
- the admission of the first cycle to a cell can also be shifted in time with respect to the escape of the second cycle on the cell which follows it in the rotational movement. This makes it possible to increase the pressure during the heating step in the exchanger.
- the coordination device comprises means for coordinating the movement of the pistons, fluidly separated from the chamber of revolution. This configuration makes it possible to properly lubricate the mechanics of the coordination means and to avoid introducing lubricant into the chamber where the pistons rotate.
- sealing means between the pistons and the inner wall of the chamber are designed to separate the cells and allow dry friction on the walls of the chamber.
- the friction surface is reduced.
- the air discharged out of the machine operating in open cycle is not loaded with lubricating particles, so that the atmosphere is not polluted.
- the section of the chamber along an axial plane is rounded, for example oval, elliptical or circular. This makes it possible to design one-piece sealing means that are more resistant to wear.
- the invention also relates to a device for recovering energy from a hot thermal source, said device comprising a heat exchanger between a working fluid and the hot source and a compression and expansion machine as described above, and said device being configured such that, at a given moment, the working fluid enters the exchanger after having followed the compression step in a first cycle of the machine and leaves the exchanger to follow the step relaxing in a second cycle the machine.
- Said device may be configured such that, at a given moment, the working fluid enters one of the cells of the machine during one admission time and emerges from another of the cells of the machine after having followed a step of compression.
- said device is configured such that, at a given moment, the working fluid enters the exchanger after having followed the compression step in one of the cells of the machine and leaves the exchanger to follow the relaxation step in the same cell or in another cell of the machine.
- said device is configured such that, at a given moment, the working fluid enters the exchanger after having followed the compression step in one of the cells of the machine and comes out of the machine relaxing compression after following a relaxation step.
- the energy recovery device uses an open cycle with the ambient atmosphere.
- the fluid used is air.
- the open cycle has the advantage over a closed cycle that there is no cooling exchanger to be placed in the front part that would take a part cooling calories of the engine.
- the cooling circuit requires taking some of the energy to operate.
- the exhaust gases of a heat engine form the hot source. This will be advantageously the case for an installation on a motor vehicle.
- the working fluid preferentially flows against the current of the exhaust gases in the heat exchanger.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the installation of a system according to the invention to enhance the energy of the exhaust gas of a heat engine.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of piston scissor machine according to the invention.
- Figure 3 schematically shows a side view of a second embodiment of piston scissor machine according to the invention.
- Figure 4 schematically shows a side view of a third embodiment of piston scissor machine according to the invention.
- Figure 5 shows schematically the operation of a piston scissor machine according to the invention in a system for energy recovery.
- the invention relates to a rotary scissors-type rotary machine designed to be used in an energy recovery system by working a fluid in a cycle comprising the stages of admission, compression, heating and then expansion, exhaust, as this has been exposed previously.
- the exemplary embodiment of the invention is presented as part of an integration on a motor vehicle powered by a heat engine, to enhance the energy dissipated by the exhaust gas.
- the applicant does not intend to limit the scope of his invention to this framework because it is easy to transfer the type of heat source or energy recovered to other facilities.
- the system schematically exemplified in Figure 1 uses air as working fluid, with an open cycle.
- the air is sucked to ambient atmospheric conditions before compression and then released into the atmosphere after relaxation.
- this choice is advantageous in terms of integration on a vehicle but it does not exclude the choice of a closed cycle, with cooling of the working fluid in other facilities.
- the system described as an example here comprises:
- a hot source constituted by the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust line 1 from the engine 2;
- system 9 for driving and recovering energy is a mechanical transmission means between the axis 10 of the compression and expansion machine 4 and the shaft 1 1 of the driving motor. the vehicle, intended to recover the extra torque provided by the axis 10.
- this system 9 may be an electric motor connected to the axis 10 of the machine 4, intended to operate as a generator under the action of the axis 10.
- the machine 4 piston scissors comprises a hollow body 12a forming a cylindrical chamber 12 of circular cross section about an axis L-L.
- the hollow body has four openings forming openings 16, 17, 18, 19 in the chamber 12.
- these openings are made on the outer wall of the chamber 12. They can be segmented, here in three orifices, on the length of the chamber 12 along the axis of rotation, as shown in Figure 2. They have an angular extension defined around the axis of rotation and are brought together in pairs.
- a first opening 16 is located at the bottom and is intended to be connected to the duct 7 sucking the ambient air
- a second opening 17 is located at the top, substantially vertically of the first opening 16, and is intended to be connected to the pipe 5 sending the air into the exchanger 3
- a third opening 18 is also located at the top, close to the second opening 17, and is intended to be connected to the pipe 6 bringing the air coming out of the exchanger 3
- a fourth opening 19 is located at the bottom, substantially vertically to the third opening 18 and close to the first opening 16, and is intended to be connected to the pipe 8 discharging air into the atmosphere.
- pistons 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d rotating about the axis LL are installed inside the chamber 12. They are configured to occupy each an angular sector portion of given angle between the outer cylindrical wall of the chamber 12 and an inner cylindrical surface 1 3 of cross section to the circular axis of rotation LL.
- pistons are grouped in two pairs of diametrically opposed pistons.
- the pistons of each pair are integral.
- the two pairs of pistons can rotate around the axis differently, moving away or approaching.
- the four pistons define two by two and between the outer wall of the chamber 12 and the inner surface 1 3, four cells 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d whose volume can increase or decrease.
- a first pair of pistons 14a, 14c is connected to a first shaft 20 which provides a portion of the cylindrical inner surface 13 about one-half lengthwise along the axis of rotation.
- This first shaft 20, for example, is hollow and passes a second shaft 21 which carries the cylindrical surface 13 on the second half length along the axis of rotation and which is fixed the second pair of pistons 14b, 14d. In this way the two pairs of pistons 14a-14c, 14b-14d can be driven separately in rotation by the two shafts 20, 21.
- the two shafts pass through a transverse face of the wall of the chamber 12 and are coupled, outside of this chamber 12, to each other and / or to the shaft 10 coming out of the scissors machine 4, by a coordination device 22. of their movements which allows them to perform the expansion / contraction cycles of the cells 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d while the shaft 10 of the machine 4 follows a regular rotational movement.
- This device for coordinating the movements of the pistons can be produced, for example, by an epicyclic gear mechanism.
- the crossing of the chamber 12 by the shafts 20, 21 is equipped with a sealing means which makes it possible to ensure that the lubricant used for the mechanisms of the coordination device 22 of the pistons 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d does not fit. in the chamber 12. This prevents the air passing through the cells and then released into the atmosphere is polluted by this lubricant.
- Each piston having a shape that matches that of the inner wall of the chamber 12 and the inner cylindrical surface 1 3 made by the two shafts 20, 21, the four cells are theoretically separated so that the air they contain either compressed or relaxed according to their volume changes when they do not pass an opening 16, 17, 18, 1 9.
- the contacts of a piston 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d with the walls of the chamber 12 and the inner cylindrical surface portion 13 made by the shaft 21, 20 to which it is not connected, are movable.
- the sealing of a cell 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d between the pistons 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d delimiting it is advantageously provided by sealing segments 23 placed on the surface of said piston and rubbing against the walls on which it slips.
- a sealing segment 23 is thus formed of four rectilinear portions, two following the portions of the edge of the piston sliding against the flat faces axially delimiting the chamber 12, one following the sliding part against the cylindrical face of the chamber 1 2 and one following the sliding portion on the shaft 20, 21 which does not rotate in phase with the piston.
- the hollow body 1 2a is modified so that the walls transverse to the axis LL of the chamber 12 join, with a continuity of tangent, the peripheral cylindrical wall of this room.
- these transverse walls are connected tangentially to the inner cylindrical surface 13 formed by the outer wall of the two shafts 20, 21 to which the pistons are attached.
- the volume in which the pistons move thus takes the form of a torus of ovoidal section, with a straight portion of the section at the level of the shafts 20, 21 and the outer portion.
- This embodiment allows for sealing segments in one piece, without connection between two rectilinear portions.
- the hollow body 1 2a and the outer walls of the two shafts 20, 21 are designed in such a way that the volume in which the pistons move takes the shape of a torus of circular section.
- This form makes it possible to use sealing segments 23 of circular shape.
- the inner surface 13 formed by the walls of the shafts 20, 21 driving the pistons is no longer cylindrical but has a form of revolution generated by the corresponding portion of the circle. This shape makes it possible to obtain a better holding of the segments and to ensure a better seal between the pistons and the walls of the chamber 12.
- the scissor machine 4 circulates the air discontinuously in the system, by suction / discharge puffs of gas corresponding to the passage of the cells 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d in front of the openings 16, 17, 18, 19, of the chamber 12.
- the pistons 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d are identical in size and the two pairs of pistons 14a-14c, 14b-14d follow the same movement out of phase.
- the four cells 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d therefore follow an identical cycle during a complete rotation, which is described below to indicate how the machine circulates the air.
- a pair of pistons 14a-14c slows when it is close to the vertical, in Figure 5, one of the pistons 14a located between the suction openings 16 of the ambient air and discharge 19 to the atmosphere . Meanwhile, the other pair of pistons 14b-14d accelerates so that the piston 14b which has just passed the suction opening 1 6 catches the piston 14c of the first pair, placed at the top, and that the piston 14d, which has just passed the opening dedicated to the gas returning from the exchanger 3, catches the piston 14a of the first pair, located at the bottom.
- the cell 15a situated between the piston 14a almost stopped downwards and the piston 14b which moves away from it sucks the ambient air through the opening 1 6.
- the piston 14a located downwards, interposing between the openings of the bottom 16, 19 prevents this cell 15a does not draw outside air through the discharge opening 19.
- the cell 15b located between the piston 14c almost stopped upwards and the piston 14b which comes close compresses the air that it contains and which has just been sucked into the ambient air.
- the piston 14c advances and releases the opening 17 dedicated to the communication with the exchanger 3 and the compressed air in the cell 15b can escape to the exchanger.
- the machine thus draws low-pressure ambient air through the lower right opening 16 and discharges high-pressure air through the right-hand opening 17.
- the machine draws high pressure air, from the exchanger 3, through the left upper opening 1 8 and returns air relaxed at low pressure to the atmosphere by the opening 19 left bass.
- the instants of aspirations of the high-pressure air coming from the exchanger 3, through the upper opening of the left-hand side 18, and of the return of the air expanded at low pressure towards the atmosphere, by the opening 19 left bass, are offset in time. This improves the efficiency of the machine. Indeed, the cell 15c, located between the piston 14c almost stopped upwards and the piston 14d away from it, is the seat of an expansion of the air that it contains. This air comes from the opening 18 connected to the outlet of the exchanger 3 when the upper piston 14c did not obstruct the air inlet opening 18.
- the movement of the piston 14c and its angular size are determined so that it interposes between the outlet opening 1 7 of the High pressure air and inlet opening 18 high pressure heated air. In this way, there is no mixing between the air passing through the machine 4 from the right to the exchanger 3 and the air passing through the machine 4 from the left out of the exchanger.
- the return circuit ends in the cell 15d located between the piston 14a almost stopped down and the piston 14d which catches it. By contracting the cell 15 expels the expanded air to the atmosphere through the opening 19.
- this mode of operation separates the scissors 4 piston machine approximately into a high pressure zone in the upper half and a low pressure zone in the lower half, with reference to FIG.
- the openings 16, 19 of the low pressure zone will be advantageously adapted to pass the same flow as the openings 1 7, 18 which correspond to them in the air circuit but placed in the high pressure zone of greater density.
- the openings 16, 19 of the low pressure zone are therefore advantageously wider than those of the high pressure zone because the mass volume of the air passing through them is greater. This makes it possible to have a large flow rate through the scissors machine 4 and not to create parasitic losses at low pressure openings.
- the relative size of the piston 14c passing through the top and openings 17-18 of the high pressure zone makes that at a given moment the piston 14c blocks any communication of one of these openings 17 18 with any of the cells 15b, 15c passing in front of them.
- the suction phases of the air from the exchanger 3 in a first cell 15c through the inlet opening 18 and discharge through the outlet opening 17 of the compressed air in the cell 15b following the first cell 15c in the rotational movement occur at two successive instant disjoint. Variations of operation can be envisaged according to the relative sizes of the openings and the pistons as well as the position of the openings.
- the pistons all have the same angular span.
- a cell 1 5a passing in front of the opening 16 of the bottom right draws this puff of air, taken into the atmosphere by means of the pipe 7 and increases its volume at constant pressure.
- the cell 15b contracts in volume by rotating, compresses the burst of air and pushes it into the pipe 5 through the opening 17.
- the compression can be done up to a range of operating pressure optimal, between 3 and 1 2 bars in the automotive application presented.
- this burst of air is transferred to the heat exchanger air / exhaust gas 3 by the pipe 5.
- the air passes through the exchanger 3 in the opposite direction of the exhaust gases inside specific pipes.
- This provision exchanger adapted to the configuration of the exhaust line 1, optimizes the heat exchange for a given contact distance between the flow of the exhaust gas and the working air flow.
- the high air pressure level in the circuit makes it possible to design a compact exchanger 3.
- a puff of heated and compressed air is returned to the scissors machine 4 by the third duct 6.
- the air enters the machine 4 through the opening 18 of the top and expands in a cell 15c which increases volume turning.
- the expansion of the hot compressed air drives the first pair of pistons 14a-14d in rotation about the axis L-L and generates a mechanical energy.
- the coordination device 22 of the pistons uses part of this energy to also move the second pair of pistons 14b-14-d and to make the scissors machine 4 the first two times compressing the air puffs arriving in the exchanger .
- the coordination device 22 of the pistons restores the remaining energy on the rotating shaft 10 coming out of the scissors machine 4.
- the system operates in recovery mode as soon as the energy supplied by the trigger is greater than the compression energy and losses of the device.
- the cell 15d expels the breath of air to the outlet pipe 8 to the atmosphere through the opening 19 of the bottom.
- the pressure and the temperature of the air decrease.
- the air is discharged to the outside at a temperature of about 100.
- the step of compressing the air in the machine 4 corresponds to the first two times of the cycle, suction and compression, while the relaxation step corresponds to the fourth and fifth time, relaxation and escape.
- a scissors machine 4 makes it possible to achieve pressures of the order of 3 to 20 bar with rotation speeds of less than 10,000 rpm.
- Regarding the flow there are in the example four cells 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, which pass continuously in front of the openings 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, of the chamber 12. So, the first time a cycle starts immediately after the first beat of the previous cycle. It is thus not necessary to let a time pass as on a four-stroke reciprocating machine.
- the openings can be optimized. Since these openings concern different areas of the chamber and also that the rotating means have a continuous movement in passing, the geometry of the machine makes it possible to optimize the passage sections. These passage sections make it possible to reduce the pressure drops. In comparison with a machine using reciprocating pistons, such a machine can thus gain several factors in the past flow with less pressure losses, which improves the efficiency of the system.
- the configuration makes it possible, among other advantages, to better control the rate of compression and expansion of the cells, thus to obtain equivalent performances with a machine. less volume.
- an already compressed admission air passes into the pipe 7 to be sucked into a cell 15a during the first cycle time, which reduces the size of the machine iso performance
- the compressed air may be from a turbo compressor which uses the exhaust gases as a source for rotating the compressor.
- the intake air whether it is an ambient air or a compressed air, is previously cooled before entering the machine by an air cooler for example, this reduces the inlet temperature of the working fluid in the exchanger and thus increase the efficiency of the energy recovery device.
- the temperature of the working fluid at the inlet of the exchanger must be lower than the temperature of the hot source flowing in the exchanger.
- the system will also be advantageously adapted to variations in speeds or atmospheric conditions, for example by introducing bypass systems on the air circuit and on the exhaust line of the engine gases before the heat exchanger, to adapt the flows to the energy that can be recovered.
- additional cooling of the rotary volumetric machine by a circuit of water, air or via fins makes it possible to prevent excessive heating thereof, by the friction and the working fluid coming from the exchanger.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1551498A FR3033001B1 (fr) | 2015-02-20 | 2015-02-20 | Machine de compression et detente de type ciseaux utilisee dans un systeme de recuperation d'energie thermique |
PCT/EP2016/053604 WO2016131979A1 (fr) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-19 | Machine de compression et detente de type ciseaux utilisee dans un systeme de recuperation d'energie thermique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3259449A1 true EP3259449A1 (fr) | 2017-12-27 |
EP3259449B1 EP3259449B1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 |
Family
ID=53298524
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16705536.7A Active EP3259449B1 (fr) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-19 | Machine de compression et detente de type ciseaux utilisee dans un systeme de recuperation d'energie thermique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10598050B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3259449B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3033001B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016131979A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT201700074290A1 (it) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-03 | Ivar Spa | Macchina termica configurata per realizzare cicli termici e metodo per realizzare cicli termici mediante tale macchina termica |
DE202018000899U1 (de) * | 2018-02-21 | 2018-04-06 | André Kröll | Sphärischer Energiekonverter |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0012329B1 (fr) * | 1978-12-04 | 1982-09-22 | Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Kickbusch | Machine rotative volumetrique pour l'alimentation d'un moteur à combustion interne |
US4753073A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1988-06-28 | Chandler Joseph A | Stirling cycle rotary engine |
US5211017A (en) * | 1990-09-19 | 1993-05-18 | Pavo Pusic | External combustion rotary engine |
US5335497A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-09 | Macomber Bennie D | Rotary Stirling cycle engine |
US6513482B1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2003-02-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rotary fluid machinery, vane fluid machinery, and waste heat recovery device of internal combustion engine |
US20020100452A1 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2002-08-01 | George Bozdog | Trochilic piston engine |
GB0602268D0 (en) * | 2006-02-04 | 2006-03-15 | Tardif Jean Marc | Internal combustion engine having toroidal and mobile compression chambers |
GB2437532B (en) * | 2006-04-29 | 2008-08-13 | Autoairdrives Ltd | Engines |
AT510623B1 (de) | 2010-11-11 | 2012-09-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Antriebseinheit für ein fahrzeug |
EP2690251B8 (fr) * | 2011-03-23 | 2016-12-14 | Takeshi Ishii | Turboréacteur de fusée à 3 temps/à 6 temps |
DE102013002311A1 (de) * | 2013-02-07 | 2014-05-08 | Brands & Products IPR-Holding GmbH & Co.KG | RB-Rotationskolbenmotor |
-
2015
- 2015-02-20 FR FR1551498A patent/FR3033001B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 EP EP16705536.7A patent/EP3259449B1/fr active Active
- 2016-02-19 US US15/551,927 patent/US10598050B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-02-19 WO PCT/EP2016/053604 patent/WO2016131979A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3033001A1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 |
EP3259449B1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 |
FR3033001B1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 |
US20180030858A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
US10598050B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
WO2016131979A1 (fr) | 2016-08-25 |
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