EP3253849A1 - Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste - Google Patents

Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste

Info

Publication number
EP3253849A1
EP3253849A1 EP15793745.9A EP15793745A EP3253849A1 EP 3253849 A1 EP3253849 A1 EP 3253849A1 EP 15793745 A EP15793745 A EP 15793745A EP 3253849 A1 EP3253849 A1 EP 3253849A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
gas
cleaning chamber
space
reaction space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15793745.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3253849B1 (en
Inventor
Mari Jan STANKOVICC-GANSEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eckhoff Peter
Original Assignee
Eckhoff Peter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eckhoff Peter filed Critical Eckhoff Peter
Priority to PL15793745T priority Critical patent/PL3253849T3/en
Priority to SI201531135T priority patent/SI3253849T1/en
Priority to RS20200319A priority patent/RS60364B1/en
Publication of EP3253849A1 publication Critical patent/EP3253849A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3253849B1 publication Critical patent/EP3253849B1/en
Priority to HRP20200441TT priority patent/HRP20200441T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
    • C10B47/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in shaft furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
    • C10B47/06—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a reactor is known from EP 2 495 299 A1. From this document, it is also known to lead the gases obtained from the organic waste through lines in a separate cleaning tank and there to effect a purification of the gas by condensate is separated from the recovered gas.
  • a reaction container which has cooling fins on its lid, in order to separate from
  • FR 905 858 A also describes a wood gas generator
  • the object of the invention is to improve a generic reactor in such a way that it achieves as trouble-free as possible a reliable recovery of the gas. allows and simplifies the maintenance of the reactor as easy as possible.
  • the invention proposes, in other words, not to carry out the purification of the recovered gas in a separate container, which is connected to the reactor through intermediate pipes, but rather to provide a common interior, which is referred to in its lower part as a reaction space and in his Upper area as a cleaning chamber, but this cleaning chamber is not designed as a closed relative to the reaction chamber chamber, but rather allows a free gas flow from the reaction chamber into the cleaning chamber.
  • the gases obtained anyway in the reaction chamber so that they then automatically get into the proposed embodiment of the reactor in the cleaning chamber, which adjoins the top of the reaction space.
  • the gas impinges on a cooling surface, so that condensate automatically precipitates on this cooling surface and in this way the purified gas from the condensate gas can be passed through a gas outlet from the reactor, the gas outlet opens into the cleaning chamber.
  • the temperature level in the reaction space can be controlled by providing a heatable gap between the thermal insulation, which is provided outside the reaction space, and the reactor housing, which delimits the reaction space.
  • This gap can be charged, for example, with exhaust gases from a combined heat and power plant, wherein the combined heat and power plant can in turn be operated with the gas which is generated in the reactor.
  • the cleaning chamber can essentially be connected to the reaction space with a constant, internal, free cross section so that the reactor can easily be regarded as an upright tube, in the lower region of which the reaction space is provided and which in its upper region, above the reaction space forming the cleaning chamber.
  • the wall of this reactor which is considered to be a tube, has different wall thicknesses, in that the above-mentioned thermal insulation is provided in the lower area, surrounding the reaction space, while in the upper area, where the cleaning chamber is provided, such insulation can be deliberately dispensed with in this way to use the pipe wall itself as a cooling surface on which the condensate is reflected.
  • the cleaning chamber with an upper lid which, for example, can be pivoted or hinged lid or can be configured as a slider.
  • the lid When the lid is open, the organic waste can be filled into the reactor, they automatically fall through the cleaning chamber into the reaction chamber down to the lower section, which is referred to as collecting space for the organic waste. Subsequently, the lid is closed again and the reaction space heated, for example to a temperature level of 360 to 430 ° C. Under pyrolytic conditions, so under
  • the organic waste can now be converted and gas extracted from them.
  • the gas rises in the reaction chamber upwards, thus enters the designated as the gas chamber portion of the reaction space, and from there further up into the cleaning chamber, where it passes against the cooling surface.
  • the operation of the reactor is carried out batchwise, ie in each case to the fullest possible utilization or implementation of the organic waste. Subsequently, the reactor is opened and a new batch of organic waste is introduced into the reactor. Since the organic material is almost completely reacted, only a very small amount of unreacted material remains in the reactor in relation to the initially used volumetric amount of the organic wastes. After a certain number of batches, the reactor can be cleaned of these residues and emptied.
  • Condensate which precipitates on the cooling surface of the cleaning chamber, can flow down or drips and gets there again in the reaction chamber, so that in the manner of a return a repeated and possibly repeated treatment of these substances takes place in the reaction chamber, which is the total supported the fullest possible implementation of the originally submitted organic waste.
  • a second gas line may be provided for discharging the recovered gases.
  • This second gas line is referred to as a bypass and serves in particular to remove the gases not from the cleaning chamber, but from the gas space of the reactor.
  • This bypass serves as a safety device: If the opening of the gas outlet pipe in the cleaning chamber should become clogged by condensate, with the temperature inside the cleaning chamber, for example, in the range of 180 ° C to 200 ° C, it can be assumed that due to the much higher temperature level in the Gas space of the reaction chamber does not clog the mouth of the bypass and, accordingly, the gas can be passed through the bypass from the reactor, so that a dangerous increase in pressure in the reactor can be avoided. It can be provided that for simplification of the structural design of the reactor, the bypass need not be configured arbitrarily long, but rather opens at its second end in the gas outlet, so that from here on the gas can be forwarded in its usual way.
  • a condensate separator can be provided in the gas outlet line, so that a cleaning of the gas takes place, similar to what is already provided in the cleaning chamber.
  • This condensate separator allows a particularly effective cleaning of the gas in that it causes a total of two-stage cleaning of the gas as a post-purification.
  • the condensate separator has a condensation surface protruding into the gas flow and a condensate collecting space below, into which the condensate which collects on the condensation surface can drip off.
  • This possibly provided condensate separator can advantageously be arranged downstream of the point where the bypass opens into the gas outlet line. In this way, if the gas is withdrawn from the reaction space through the bypass, at least one-stage cleaning of the gas is ensured, since this gas passing through the bypass then passes into the condensate separator.
  • the condensate can advantageously be provided to return the recovered condensate in the reaction chamber, so that advantageously a return line may be provided, which opens with its one end in the Kondensatsammeiraum the Kondensatabscheiders and with its other end into the reaction space.
  • a return line may be provided, which opens with its one end in the Kondensatsammeiraum the Kondensatabscheiders and with its other end into the reaction space.
  • the cleaning chamber is designed as a separate element, that is not only as a certain portion of the reactor housing, which is provided above the reaction space.
  • the design as a separate element is a division of the reactor housing into a lower part which receives the reaction space, and an upper part which receives the cleaning chamber is possible. A thermal separation of these two parts of the reactor housing is possible and also advantageous if the interior of the reactor extends continuously through the reaction space and the cleaning chamber.
  • the thermal separation prevents heat conduction from the heated wall of the reaction chamber to the wall of the cleaning chamber and thus supports the achievement of two different temperature zones in the reactor, so that, for example, the wall of the cleaning chamber can be used as a cooling surface, accumulates at the originating from the gas condensate , Even if the cleaning chamber is mechanically firmly connected to the reaction space, it can be thermally insulated from the reaction space, so that in this way the effect of the cooling surface is affected as little as possible and in this way an optimal cleaning effect of the cleaning chamber is supported.
  • the reaction space has a diameter of at most 300 mm.
  • the height of the reaction space can be, for example, about 1.5 m, and the height of the cleaning chamber, for example, about 0.3 m.
  • the diameter of the reaction space can be particularly advantageously limited to a maximum value of 170 mm.
  • the efficiency of a plant for the recovery of gas from organic waste can advantageously not be increased by enlarging the reaction space, for example by increasing the diameter, but by using a larger number of reactors.
  • the operation of the reactor is not continuous, but batchwise.
  • the gas is not directed into a memory, cached and retrieved as needed, but should continue to be used directly, for example, in a combined heat and power plant (CHP) to be burned.
  • a memory can be provided as a buffer for any fluctuations in the gas yield or fluctuations in the demand of the CHP. In comparison to not using the gas obtained immediately, but basically to preserve it in a memory for a longer and possibly indefinite time, this buffer memory can be considerably smaller and therefore designed less expensive.
  • the multiple reactors are not operated synchronously, with simultaneous interruptions for refilling or emptying or cleaning of the reactors. Rather, these interruptions of the reactor operation are provided offset from one to the other reactor, so that the gas output of the plant also over a longer period as evenly as possible and in this way downstream components, such as the mentioned CHP, as constant as possible and can be operated at an optimal operating point.
  • cooling surface is deliberately tempered. If, as indicated above, the cooling surface is formed, for example, by the pipe wall of the cleaning chamber, then an outer shield can run around this wall, so that a quasi-double wall configuration of the cleaning chamber is effected and by introducing liquid or gaseous media into This double-walled wall of the cleaning chamber, the temperature of the cooling surface can be controlled.
  • a total of 1 designates a reactor that can be considered simplified as upright aligned pipe.
  • a lower section of the reactor 1 has a reaction space 2, which is subdivided into a lower collecting space 3 for the organic wastes and into an upper gas space 4, this subdivision automatically resulting from how full the reaction space 2 is filled with organic waste.
  • the reaction space 2 is delimited by a reactor housing 5, which is adjoined radially outward by a heatable gap 6, which in turn is encased externally with a thermal insulation layer 7.
  • a reactor housing 5 which is adjoined radially outward by a heatable gap 6, which in turn is encased externally with a thermal insulation layer 7.
  • heating gases can be passed through the gap 6, in order in this way to heat the reaction space 2 from the outside, namely by heating the reactor housing 5.
  • Another nozzle in the reactor housing 5 is indicated in the form of a measuring nozzle 10, which serves, for example, to detect parameters in the interior of the reaction chamber 2, for example gas composition, temperature or the like.
  • the reactor 1 has a cleaning chamber 1 1, which is designed like an extension of the tubular reactor housing 5, but is designed as a separate element.
  • An upper flange 12 is fixedly connected to the wall of the cleaning chamber 1 1, and a lower
  • Flange 14 is fixedly connected to the reactor housing 5, which surrounds the reaction space 2. Thermally, both the reactor housing 5 and the lower flange 14 with respect to the housing of the cleaning chamber 1 1 is isolated, so that the wall of the cleaning chamber 1 1 forms a tubular cooling surface 15 at which condensate precipitates from the gas, which recovered from the organic waste was and has ascended from the gas space 4 of the reactor 1 up into the cleaning chamber 1 1.
  • the purified gas is passed through a gas outlet 16 from the cleaning chamber 1 1 and enters a condensate 17, which has a condensation surface 18 which is cooled by means of a cooling connection 19. At this condensation surface 18, condensate precipitates out of the gas and drips from there into a condensate collecting space 20.
  • a return line 21 connects at the bottom to the condensate collecting space 20 and leads the condensate to a point not apparent from the drawing, where it enters the reaction space 2 passes.
  • a bypass 22 is provided, via which the recovered gas can not be withdrawn from the cleaning chamber 1 1, but directly from the gas space 4.
  • the bypass 22 opens upstream of the condensate separator 17 into the gas outlet line 16.
  • a schematically indicated throttle flap 23 opens. allows the bypass 22 to be selectively opened or closed.
  • the reactor 1 is closed by a lid 24, which, like a bottom 25 provided at the bottom of the reactor 1, is designed as a horizontally movable slide and allows the opening of the reactor 1 in each case over its full free internal cross section, so that a particularly easy accessibility the inner surfaces of the cleaning chamber 1 1 and the reaction chamber 2 is made possible and in this way a simple and quick cleaning of the reactor 1 can be performed.
  • Actuators for actuating the respective slide of the lid 24 and bottom 25 are each denoted by 26.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste, comprising a column-shaped reactor housing, which is oriented upright and which surrounds a reaction chamber, which reaction chamber has a segment that can be filled with the organic waste, said segment being referred to as a collecting chamber, and which reaction chamber has a gas chamber above the collecting chamber, which gas chamber holds gas obtained from the organic waste, and wherein the reaction chamber is thermally insulated externally, toward the surrounding atmosphere. According to the invention a cleaning chamber adjoins the reaction chamber in the upward direction, wherein the interior space of the cleaning chamber adjoins a cooling surface, and a gas outlet line leading the obtained gas out of the reactor leads into the cleaning chamber.

Description

"Reaktor zur Gasgewinnung aus organischen Abfällen"  "Gas recovery reactor from organic waste"
Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Reaktor nach dem Oberbegriff des An- Spruchs 1 . The invention relates to a reactor according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiger Reaktor ist aus der EP 2 495 299 A1 bekannt. Aus dieser Druckschrift ist es auch bekannt, die aus den organischen Abfällen gewonnenen Gase durch Leitungen in einen separaten Reinigungsbehälter zu führen und dort eine Reinigung des Gases zu bewirken, indem Kondensat aus dem gewonnenen Gas abgeschieden wird. Such a reactor is known from EP 2 495 299 A1. From this document, it is also known to lead the gases obtained from the organic waste through lines in a separate cleaning tank and there to effect a purification of the gas by condensate is separated from the recovered gas.
Aus der FR 887 439 A ist ein Reaktionsbehälter bekannt, der Kühlrippen an seinem Deckel aufweist, um das Abscheiden vonFrom FR 887 439 A a reaction container is known, which has cooling fins on its lid, in order to separate from
Kondensat an der Innenseite des Deckels zu begünstigen. Aus der DE 31 31 476 C2 ist ein Holzgasgenerator bekannt, dessen Deckel ebenfalls zur Kondensatabscheidung doppelwandig ausgestaltet ist, so dass er mittels eines Luftstroms gekühlt werden kann. Auch die FR 905 858 A beschreibt einen Holzgasgenerator Condensate on the inside of the lid to favor. From DE 31 31 476 C2 a wood gas generator is known, whose lid is also configured double-walled for condensate separation, so that it can be cooled by means of an air flow. FR 905 858 A also describes a wood gas generator
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Reaktor dahingehend zu verbessern, dass dieser eine möglichst störungsfreie, betriebssichere Gewinnung des Gases er- möglicht und eine möglichst einfache Wartung des Reaktors ermöglicht. The object of the invention is to improve a generic reactor in such a way that it achieves as trouble-free as possible a reliable recovery of the gas. allows and simplifies the maintenance of the reactor as easy as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Reaktor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. This object is achieved by a reactor having the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung schlägt mit anderen Worten vor, die Reinigung des gewonnenen Gases nicht in einem separaten Behälter vorzunehmen, der mit dem Reaktor durch zwischengeschaltete Rohrleitungen verbunden ist, sondern vielmehr einen gemeinsamen Innenraum zu schaffen, der in seinem unteren Bereich als Reaktionsraum bezeichnet wird und in seinem oberen Bereich als Reinigungskammer, wobei diese Reinigungskammer jedoch nicht als gegenüber dem Reaktionsraum abgeschlossene Kammer ausgestaltet ist, sondern vielmehr einen freien Gasfluss vom Reaktionsraum in die Reinigungskammer ermöglicht. The invention proposes, in other words, not to carry out the purification of the recovered gas in a separate container, which is connected to the reactor through intermediate pipes, but rather to provide a common interior, which is referred to in its lower part as a reaction space and in his Upper area as a cleaning chamber, but this cleaning chamber is not designed as a closed relative to the reaction chamber chamber, but rather allows a free gas flow from the reaction chamber into the cleaning chamber.
Temperaturbedingt steigen die gewonnenen Gase ohnehin im Reaktionsraum auf, so dass sie bei der vorgeschlagenen Ausgestaltung des Reaktors anschließend automatisch in die Reinigungskammer gelangen, die oben an den Reaktionsraum anschließt. Hier trifft das Gas an eine Kühlfläche, so dass sich Kondensat automatisch an dieser Kühlfläche niederschlägt und auf diese Weise das vom Kondensat gereinigte Gas durch eine Gasauslassleitung aus dem Reaktor geführt werden kann, wobei die Gasauslassleitung in die Reinigungskammer mündet. Due to temperature increase the gases obtained anyway in the reaction chamber, so that they then automatically get into the proposed embodiment of the reactor in the cleaning chamber, which adjoins the top of the reaction space. Here, the gas impinges on a cooling surface, so that condensate automatically precipitates on this cooling surface and in this way the purified gas from the condensate gas can be passed through a gas outlet from the reactor, the gas outlet opens into the cleaning chamber.
In an sich bekannter Weise kann das Temperaturniveau im Reaktionsraum dadurch gesteuert werden, dass zwischen der thermischen Isolierung, die außerhalb des Reaktionsraums vorgesehen ist, und dem Reaktorgehäuse, welches den Reaktionsraum begrenzt, ein beheizbarer Zwischenraum vorgesehen ist. Dieser Zwischenraum kann beispielsweise mit Abgasen aus einem Blockheizkraftwerk beschickt werden, wobei das Blockheizkraftwerk wiederum mit dem Gas betrieben werden kann, welches in dem Reaktor erzeugt wird. Vorteilhaft kann die Reinigungskammer im Wesentlichen mit einem gleichbleibendem inneren, freien Querschnitt nach oben an den Reaktionsraum anschließen, so dass der Reaktor verein- facht als aufrecht stehendes Rohr angesehen werden kann, in dessen unterem Bereich der Reaktionsraum vorgesehen ist und welches in seinem oberen Bereich, oberhalb des Reaktionsraums, die Reinigungskammer bildet. Die Wand dieses vereinfacht als Rohr angesehenen Reaktors weist unterschiedliche Wandstärken auf, indem im unteren Bereich, den Reaktionsraum umgebend, die erwähnte thermische Isolierung vorgesehen ist, während im oberen Bereich, wo die Reinigungskammer vorgesehen ist, auf eine derartige Isolierung bewusst verzichtet sein kann, um auf diese Weise die Rohrwand selbst als Kühlfläche zu nutzen, an welcher sich das Kondensat niederschlägt. In a manner known per se, the temperature level in the reaction space can be controlled by providing a heatable gap between the thermal insulation, which is provided outside the reaction space, and the reactor housing, which delimits the reaction space. This gap can be charged, for example, with exhaust gases from a combined heat and power plant, wherein the combined heat and power plant can in turn be operated with the gas which is generated in the reactor. Advantageously, the cleaning chamber can essentially be connected to the reaction space with a constant, internal, free cross section so that the reactor can easily be regarded as an upright tube, in the lower region of which the reaction space is provided and which in its upper region, above the reaction space forming the cleaning chamber. The wall of this reactor, which is considered to be a tube, has different wall thicknesses, in that the above-mentioned thermal insulation is provided in the lower area, surrounding the reaction space, while in the upper area, where the cleaning chamber is provided, such insulation can be deliberately dispensed with in this way to use the pipe wall itself as a cooling surface on which the condensate is reflected.
Dadurch, dass der freie innere Querschnitt des Reaktors im Wesentlichen ohne Veränderung vom Reaktionsraum in die Reinigungskammer übergeht, ist einerseits eine schnelle und prob- lemlose Befüllung des Reaktionsraums von oben möglich, indem beispielsweise die Reinigungskammer mit einem oberen Deckel versehen ist, der beispielsweise als schwenkbarer bzw. klappbarer Deckel oder als Schieber ausgestaltet sein kann. Bei geöffnetem Deckel können die organischen Abfälle in den Reaktor ein- gefüllt werden, sie fallen automatisch durch die Reinigungskammer in den Reaktionsraum bis in dessen unteren Abschnitt, der als Sammelraum für die organischen Abfälle bezeichnet ist. Anschließend wird der Deckel wieder geschlossen und der Reaktionsraum aufgeheizt, beispielsweise auf ein Temperaturniveau von 360 bis 430°C. Unter pyrolytischen Bedingungen, also unterDue to the fact that the free inner cross section of the reactor passes from the reaction space into the cleaning chamber essentially without any change, a rapid and problem-free filling of the reaction space from above is possible on the one hand, for example by providing the cleaning chamber with an upper lid which, for example, can be pivoted or hinged lid or can be configured as a slider. When the lid is open, the organic waste can be filled into the reactor, they automatically fall through the cleaning chamber into the reaction chamber down to the lower section, which is referred to as collecting space for the organic waste. Subsequently, the lid is closed again and the reaction space heated, for example to a temperature level of 360 to 430 ° C. Under pyrolytic conditions, so under
Luftabschluss, können nun die organischen Abfälle umgesetzt und Gas aus ihnen gewonnen werden. Das Gas steigt in der Reaktionskammer nach oben auf, gelangt also in den als Gasraum bezeichneten Abschnitt des Reaktionsraumes, und steigt von dort weiter nach oben in die Reinigungskammer auf, wo es gegen die Kühlfläche gelangt. Der Betrieb des Reaktors erfolgt chargenweise, also jeweils bis zur möglichst vollständigen Verwertung bzw. Umsetzung der organischen Abfälle. Anschließend wird der Reaktor geöffnet und eine neue Charge von organischen Abfällen in den Reaktor eingebracht. Da das organische Material nahezu vollständig umgesetzt wird, verbleibt im Verhältnis zu der zunächst eingesetzten volumetrischen Menge der organischen Abfälle ein nur sehr geringer Rest an nicht umgesetzten Stoffen im Reaktor. Nach einer gewissen Anzahl von Chargen kann der Reaktor von diesen Resten gereinigt und geleert werden. Kondensat, welches sich an der Kühlfläche der Reinigungskammer niederschlägt, kann nach unten fließen bzw. tropfen und gerät dort erneut in den Reaktionsraum, so dass in Art einer Rückführung eine erneute und ggf. mehrfach wiederholte Behandlung dieser Substanzen in dem Reaktionsraum erfolgt, was die insgesamt möglichst vollständige Umsetzung der ursprünglich eingereichten organischen Abfälle unterstützt. Exclusion of air, the organic waste can now be converted and gas extracted from them. The gas rises in the reaction chamber upwards, thus enters the designated as the gas chamber portion of the reaction space, and from there further up into the cleaning chamber, where it passes against the cooling surface. The operation of the reactor is carried out batchwise, ie in each case to the fullest possible utilization or implementation of the organic waste. Subsequently, the reactor is opened and a new batch of organic waste is introduced into the reactor. Since the organic material is almost completely reacted, only a very small amount of unreacted material remains in the reactor in relation to the initially used volumetric amount of the organic wastes. After a certain number of batches, the reactor can be cleaned of these residues and emptied. Condensate, which precipitates on the cooling surface of the cleaning chamber, can flow down or drips and gets there again in the reaction chamber, so that in the manner of a return a repeated and possibly repeated treatment of these substances takes place in the reaction chamber, which is the total supported the fullest possible implementation of the originally submitted organic waste.
Abgesehen von der Gasauslassleitung, die mit ihrem einen Ende in die Reinigungskammer mündet und zum Abzug der gereinigten Gase aus der Reinigungskammer dient, kann eine zweite Gasleitung zum Abführen der gewonnenen Gase vorgesehen sein. Diese zweite Gasleitung wird als Bypass bezeichnet und dient insbesondere dazu, die Gase nicht aus der Reinigungskammer, sondern aus dem Gasraum des Reaktors abzuziehen. Dieser Bypass dient als Sicherheitseinrichtung: Wenn die Mündungsöffnung der Gasauslassleitung in der Reinigungskammer durch Kondensat verstopfen sollte, wobei die Temperatur innerhalb der Reinigungskammer beispielsweise im Bereich von 180°C bis 200°C liegt, so ist davon auszugehen, dass aufgrund des deutlich höheren Temperaturniveaus im Gasraum des Reaktionsraums die Mündung des Bypass nicht verstopft und dementsprechend das Gas durch den Bypass aus dem Reaktor geführt werden kann, so dass ein gefährlicher Druckanstieg im Reaktor vermieden werden kann. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass zur Vereinfachung der baulichen Ausgestaltung des Reaktors der Bypass nicht beliebig lang ausgestaltet zu sein braucht, sondern vielmehr an seinem zweiten Ende in die Gasauslassleitung mündet, so dass von hier an das Gas auf seinem üblichen Weg weitergeleitet werden kann. Apart from the gas outlet line, which opens with its one end in the cleaning chamber and is used to deduct the purified gases from the cleaning chamber, a second gas line may be provided for discharging the recovered gases. This second gas line is referred to as a bypass and serves in particular to remove the gases not from the cleaning chamber, but from the gas space of the reactor. This bypass serves as a safety device: If the opening of the gas outlet pipe in the cleaning chamber should become clogged by condensate, with the temperature inside the cleaning chamber, for example, in the range of 180 ° C to 200 ° C, it can be assumed that due to the much higher temperature level in the Gas space of the reaction chamber does not clog the mouth of the bypass and, accordingly, the gas can be passed through the bypass from the reactor, so that a dangerous increase in pressure in the reactor can be avoided. It can be provided that for simplification of the structural design of the reactor, the bypass need not be configured arbitrarily long, but rather opens at its second end in the gas outlet, so that from here on the gas can be forwarded in its usual way.
Vorteilhaft kann in der Gasauslassleitung ein Kondensatabscheider vorgesehen sein, so dass eine Reinigung des Gases erfolgt, ähnlich wie dies ohnehin in der Reinigungskammer vorgesehen ist. Dieser Kondensatabscheider ermöglicht eine besonders wirksame Reinigung des Gases dadurch, dass er als Nachreinigung eine insgesamt zweistufige Reinigung des Gases bewirkt. Der Kondensatabscheider weist dabei eine in den Gasstrom ragende Kondensationsfläche auf sowie einen darunter befindlichen Kondensatsammeiraum, in den das Kondensat, welches sich an der Kondensationsfläche sammelt, abtropfen kann. Advantageously, a condensate separator can be provided in the gas outlet line, so that a cleaning of the gas takes place, similar to what is already provided in the cleaning chamber. This condensate separator allows a particularly effective cleaning of the gas in that it causes a total of two-stage cleaning of the gas as a post-purification. In this case, the condensate separator has a condensation surface protruding into the gas flow and a condensate collecting space below, into which the condensate which collects on the condensation surface can drip off.
Dieser ggf. vorgesehene Kondensatabscheider kann vorteilhaft stromabwärts von der Stelle angeordnet sein, wo der Bypass in die Gasauslassleitung mündet. Auf diese Weise ist, wenn das Gas aus dem Reaktionsraum durch den Bypass abgezogen wird, zumindest eine einstufige Reinigung des Gases sichergestellt, da nämlich dieses durch den Bypass strömende Gas anschließend in den Kondensatabscheider gelangt. This possibly provided condensate separator can advantageously be arranged downstream of the point where the bypass opens into the gas outlet line. In this way, if the gas is withdrawn from the reaction space through the bypass, at least one-stage cleaning of the gas is ensured, since this gas passing through the bypass then passes into the condensate separator.
Bei dem Kondensatabscheider kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, das gewonnene Kondensat in den Reaktionsraum zurückzuführen, so dass vorteilhaft eine Rückleitung vorgesehen sein kann, welche mit ihrem einen Ende in den Kondensatsammeiraum des Kondensatabscheiders und mit ihrem anderen Ende in den Reaktionsraum mündet. Ähnlich wie weiter oben für das Kondensat beschrieben, welches von der Kühlfläche der Reinigungskammer nach unten in den Reaktionsraum strömen kann, bewirkt auch für den Kondensatabscheider die Rückleitung, die erneute Be- handlung des Kondensats in dem Reaktionsraum und unterstützt auf diese Weise eine möglichst vollständige Umsetzung des ursprünglich eingebrachten organischen Abfalls. In the condensate can advantageously be provided to return the recovered condensate in the reaction chamber, so that advantageously a return line may be provided, which opens with its one end in the Kondensatsammeiraum the Kondensatabscheiders and with its other end into the reaction space. Similarly as described above for the condensate, which can flow from the cooling surface of the cleaning chamber down into the reaction space, also causes the return for the condensate separator, the re-use action of the condensate in the reaction space and in this way supports as complete as possible conversion of the originally introduced organic waste.
Vorteilhaft kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Reinigungskammer als separates Element ausgestaltet ist, also nicht nur als ein gewisser Abschnitt des Reaktorgehäuses, welcher oberhalb des Reaktionsraums vorgesehen ist. Durch die Ausgestaltung als separates Element ist eine Aufteilung des Reaktorgehäuses in einen unteren Teil, der den Reaktionsraum aufnimmt, und einen oberen Teil möglich, der die Reinigungskammer aufnimmt. Eine thermische Trennung dieser beiden Teile des Reaktorgehäuses ist möglich und auch dann vorteilhaft, wenn der Innenraum des Reaktors sich durchgängig durch den Reaktionsraum und die Reinigungskammer erstreckt. Die thermische Trennung verhindert eine Wärmeleitung von der beheizten Wand des Reaktionsraums zu der Wand der Reinigungskammer und unterstützt somit die Erzielung zweier unterschiedlicher Temperaturzonen im Reaktor, so dass beispielsweise die Wand der Reinigungskammer als Kühlfläche genutzt werden kann, an der sich aus dem Gas stammendes Kondensat anlagert. Auch wenn die Reinigungskammer mechanisch mit dem Reaktionsraum fest verbunden ist, kann sie gegenüber dem Reaktionsraum thermisch isoliert werden, so dass auf diese Weise die Wirkung der Kühlfläche möglichst wenig beeinträchtigt wird und auf diese Weise eine optimale Reinigungswirkung der Reinigungskammer unterstützt wird. Advantageously, it can be provided that the cleaning chamber is designed as a separate element, that is not only as a certain portion of the reactor housing, which is provided above the reaction space. The design as a separate element is a division of the reactor housing into a lower part which receives the reaction space, and an upper part which receives the cleaning chamber is possible. A thermal separation of these two parts of the reactor housing is possible and also advantageous if the interior of the reactor extends continuously through the reaction space and the cleaning chamber. The thermal separation prevents heat conduction from the heated wall of the reaction chamber to the wall of the cleaning chamber and thus supports the achievement of two different temperature zones in the reactor, so that, for example, the wall of the cleaning chamber can be used as a cooling surface, accumulates at the originating from the gas condensate , Even if the cleaning chamber is mechanically firmly connected to the reaction space, it can be thermally insulated from the reaction space, so that in this way the effect of the cooling surface is affected as little as possible and in this way an optimal cleaning effect of the cleaning chamber is supported.
Vorteilhaft kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Reaktionsraum einen Durchmesser von höchstens 300 mm aufweist. Auf diese Weise ist angesichts der Beheizung von außen, nämlich vom Reaktorgehäuse her, eine möglichst gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung über den gesamten im Querschnitt des Reaktionsraums sichergestellt, während bei größeren Durchmessern des Reaktionsraums nicht auszuschließen ist, dass sich in der Mitte des Reaktionsraums eine Zone bildet, die nur ungenügend intensiv be- heizt werden kann. Die Höhe des Reaktionsraums kann beispielsweise etwa 1 ,5 m betragen, und die Höhe der Reinigungs- kammer beispielsweise etwa 0,3 m. Advantageously, it can be provided that the reaction space has a diameter of at most 300 mm. In this way, in view of the heating from the outside, namely from the reactor housing, the most uniform possible heat distribution over the entire in the cross section of the reaction space, while larger diameters of the reaction space can not be excluded that forms a zone in the middle of the reaction space insufficiently intensive can be heated. The height of the reaction space can be, for example, about 1.5 m, and the height of the cleaning chamber, for example, about 0.3 m.
Aus den vorgenannten Gründen kann besonders vorteilhaft der Durchmesser des Reaktionsraums auf einen Höchstwert von 170 mm begrenzt werden. For the aforementioned reasons, the diameter of the reaction space can be particularly advantageously limited to a maximum value of 170 mm.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit einer Anlage zur Gasgewinnung aus organischen Abfällen kann dementsprechend vorteilhaft nicht etwa durch eine Vergrößerung des Reaktionsraums erhöht werden, beispielsweise durch einen vergrößerten Durchmesser, sondern durch die Verwendung einer größeren Anzahl von Reaktoren. Wie bereits erwähnt, erfolgt der Betrieb des Reaktors nicht kontinuierlich, sondern chargenweise. Bei Verwendung einer Anzahl von mehreren Reaktoren lässt sich daher auch der Vorteil eines quasi-kontinuierlichen Betriebs der gesamten Anlage erzielen, nämlich ein möglichst gleichmäßiger Output an gewonnenem Gas. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn das Gas nicht in einen Speicher geleitet, zwischengespeichert und je nach Bedarf abgerufen wird, sondern direkt weiter genutzt werden soll, beispielsweise in einem Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW) verbrannt werden soll. Ein Speicher kann als Puffer für eventuelle Schwankungen bei der Gasausbeute oder Schwankungen im Bedarf des BHKW vorgesehen sein. Im Vergleich dazu, das gewonnene Gas nicht sofort zu verwenden, sondern grundsätzlich in einem Speicher für längere und ggf. unbestimmte Zeit zu bewahren, kann dieser Pufferspeicher erheblich kleiner und dementsprechend preisgünstiger ausgestaltet sein. Accordingly, the efficiency of a plant for the recovery of gas from organic waste can advantageously not be increased by enlarging the reaction space, for example by increasing the diameter, but by using a larger number of reactors. As already mentioned, the operation of the reactor is not continuous, but batchwise. When using a number of multiple reactors can therefore also achieve the advantage of a quasi-continuous operation of the entire system, namely a very uniform output of recovered gas. This is particularly advantageous if the gas is not directed into a memory, cached and retrieved as needed, but should continue to be used directly, for example, in a combined heat and power plant (CHP) to be burned. A memory can be provided as a buffer for any fluctuations in the gas yield or fluctuations in the demand of the CHP. In comparison to not using the gas obtained immediately, but basically to preserve it in a memory for a longer and possibly indefinite time, this buffer memory can be considerably smaller and therefore designed less expensive.
Für den erwähnten quasi-kontinuierlichen Betrieb werden die mehreren Reaktoren nicht synchron betrieben, mit zeitgleichen Unterbrechungen zum erneuten Befüllen bzw. Entleeren bzw. Reinigen der Reaktoren. Vielmehr sind diese Unterbrechungen des Reaktorbetriebs jeweils von einem zum anderen Reaktor versetzt vorgesehen, so dass der Gasausstoß der Anlage auch über einen längeren Zeitraum möglichst gleichmäßig erfolgt und auf diese Weise nachgeschaltete Komponenten, wie beispielsweise das erwähnte BHKW, möglichst konstant und auf einem optimalen Betriebspunkt betrieben werden können. For the aforementioned quasi-continuous operation, the multiple reactors are not operated synchronously, with simultaneous interruptions for refilling or emptying or cleaning of the reactors. Rather, these interruptions of the reactor operation are provided offset from one to the other reactor, so that the gas output of the plant also over a longer period as evenly as possible and in this way downstream components, such as the mentioned CHP, as constant as possible and can be operated at an optimal operating point.
Eine Beeinflussung der Reinigungswirkung in der Reinigungskammer kann vorteilhaft dadurch erfolgen, dass die Kühlfläche bewusst temperiert wird. Wenn, wie weiter oben angedeutet, die Kühlfläche beispielsweise durch die Rohrwandung der Reinigungskammer gebildet ist, so kann um diese Wandung herum eine äußere Abschirmung verlaufen, so dass quasi eine doppel- wandige Ausgestaltung der Reinigungskammer bewirkt ist und durch Einleiten von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medien in diese doppelschalige Wand der Reinigungskammer die Temperatur der Kühlfläche gesteuert werden kann. An influence on the cleaning effect in the cleaning chamber can advantageously take place in that the cooling surface is deliberately tempered. If, as indicated above, the cooling surface is formed, for example, by the pipe wall of the cleaning chamber, then an outer shield can run around this wall, so that a quasi-double wall configuration of the cleaning chamber is effected and by introducing liquid or gaseous media into This double-walled wall of the cleaning chamber, the temperature of the cooling surface can be controlled.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der rein schematischen Darstellung nachfolgend näher erläutert. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the purely schematic representation.
Dabei ist mit 1 insgesamt ein Reaktor bezeichnet, der vereinfacht als aufrecht ausgerichtetes Rohr angesehen werden kann. Ein unterer Abschnitt des Reaktors 1 weist einen Reaktionsraum 2 auf, der in einen unteren Sammelraum 3 für die organischen Abfälle und in einen oberen Gasraum 4 unterteilt ist, wobei sich diese Unterteilung automatisch dadurch ergibt, wie voll der Reaktionsraum 2 mit organischen Abfällen angefüllt ist. In this case, a total of 1 designates a reactor that can be considered simplified as upright aligned pipe. A lower section of the reactor 1 has a reaction space 2, which is subdivided into a lower collecting space 3 for the organic wastes and into an upper gas space 4, this subdivision automatically resulting from how full the reaction space 2 is filled with organic waste.
Der Reaktionsraum 2 wird durch ein Reaktorgehäuse 5 begrenzt, an welches sich radial nach außen ein beheizbarer Zwischenraum 6 anschließt, der seinerseits außen mit einer thermischen Isolierschicht 7 ummantelt ist. Mittels eines Einlassstutzens 8 und eines Auslassstutzens 9 können Heizgase durch den Zwischenraum 6 geführt werden, um auf diese Weise den Reaktionsraum 2 von außen her, nämlich durch Beheizung des Reaktorgehäuses 5, zu beheizen. Ein weiterer Stutzen im Reaktorgehäuse 5 ist in Form eines Messstutzens 10 angedeutet, der beispielsweise dazu dient, Parameter im Inneren des Reaktionsraums 2 zu erfassen, beispielsweise Gaszusammensetzung, Temperatur o. dgl. The reaction space 2 is delimited by a reactor housing 5, which is adjoined radially outward by a heatable gap 6, which in turn is encased externally with a thermal insulation layer 7. By means of an inlet stub 8 and an outlet 9, heating gases can be passed through the gap 6, in order in this way to heat the reaction space 2 from the outside, namely by heating the reactor housing 5. Another nozzle in the reactor housing 5 is indicated in the form of a measuring nozzle 10, which serves, for example, to detect parameters in the interior of the reaction chamber 2, for example gas composition, temperature or the like.
Oberhalb des Reaktionsraums 2 weist der Reaktor 1 eine Reinigungskammer 1 1 auf, die wie eine Verlängerung des rohrförmi- gen Reaktorgehäuses 5 ausgestaltet ist, jedoch als separates Element ausgestaltet ist. Ein oberer Flansch 12 ist fest mit der Wand der Reinigungskammer 1 1 verbunden, und ein untererAbove the reaction space 2, the reactor 1 has a cleaning chamber 1 1, which is designed like an extension of the tubular reactor housing 5, but is designed as a separate element. An upper flange 12 is fixedly connected to the wall of the cleaning chamber 1 1, and a lower
Flansch 14 ist fest mit dem Reaktorgehäuse 5 verbunden, welches den Reaktionsraum 2 umgibt. Thermisch ist sowohl das Reaktorgehäuse 5 als auch der untere Flansch 14 gegenüber dem Gehäuse der Reinigungskammer 1 1 isoliert, so dass die Wand der Reinigungskammer 1 1 eine rohrförmige Kühlfläche 15 bildet, an der sich Kondensat aus dem Gas niederschlägt, welches aus den organischen Abfällen gewonnen wurde und aus dem Gasraum 4 des Reaktors 1 nach oben in die Reinigungskammer 1 1 aufgestiegen ist. Flange 14 is fixedly connected to the reactor housing 5, which surrounds the reaction space 2. Thermally, both the reactor housing 5 and the lower flange 14 with respect to the housing of the cleaning chamber 1 1 is isolated, so that the wall of the cleaning chamber 1 1 forms a tubular cooling surface 15 at which condensate precipitates from the gas, which recovered from the organic waste was and has ascended from the gas space 4 of the reactor 1 up into the cleaning chamber 1 1.
Das gereinigte Gas wird durch eine Gasauslassleitung 16 aus der Reinigungskammer 1 1 geführt und gelangt in einen Kondensatabscheider 17, der eine Kondensationsfläche 18 aufweist, die mittels eines Kühlanschlusses 19 gekühlt wird. An dieser Kon- densationsfläche 18 schlägt sich Kondensat aus dem Gas nieder und tropft von dort in einen Kondensatsammeiraum 20. Eine Rückleitung 21 schließt unten an den Kondensatsammeiraum 20 an und führt das Kondensat zu einer aus der Zeichnung nicht ersichtlichen Stelle, wo es in den Reaktionsraum 2 gelangt. The purified gas is passed through a gas outlet 16 from the cleaning chamber 1 1 and enters a condensate 17, which has a condensation surface 18 which is cooled by means of a cooling connection 19. At this condensation surface 18, condensate precipitates out of the gas and drips from there into a condensate collecting space 20. A return line 21 connects at the bottom to the condensate collecting space 20 and leads the condensate to a point not apparent from the drawing, where it enters the reaction space 2 passes.
Abgesehen von der erwähnten Gasauslassleitung 16 ist ein Bypass 22 vorgesehen, über den das gewonnene Gas nicht aus der Reinigungskammer 1 1 , sondern unmittelbar aus dem Gasraum 4 abgezogen werden kann. Der Bypass 22 mündet strom- aufwärts von dem Kondensatabscheider 17 in die Gasauslassleitung 16. Eine schematisch angedeutete Drosselklappe 23 er- möglicht es, den Bypass 22 wahlweise zu öffnen oder zu schließen. Apart from the aforementioned gas outlet 16, a bypass 22 is provided, via which the recovered gas can not be withdrawn from the cleaning chamber 1 1, but directly from the gas space 4. The bypass 22 opens upstream of the condensate separator 17 into the gas outlet line 16. A schematically indicated throttle flap 23 opens. allows the bypass 22 to be selectively opened or closed.
Nach oben wird der Reaktor 1 durch einen Deckel 24 verschlossen, der ebenso wie ein unten am Reaktor 1 vorgesehener Boden 25 als horizontal beweglicher Schieber ausgestaltet ist und die Öffnung des Reaktors 1 jeweils über seinen vollen freien Innenquerschnitt ermöglicht, so dass eine besonders einfache Zugänglichkeit zu den Innenflächen der Reinigungskammer 1 1 bzw. des Reaktionsraums 2 ermöglicht ist und auf diese Weise eine einfache und schnelle Reinigung des Reaktors 1 durchgeführt werden kann. Stellantriebe zur Betätigung der jeweiligen Schieber des Deckels 24 bzw. Bodens 25 sind jeweils mit 26 bezeichnet. At the top, the reactor 1 is closed by a lid 24, which, like a bottom 25 provided at the bottom of the reactor 1, is designed as a horizontally movable slide and allows the opening of the reactor 1 in each case over its full free internal cross section, so that a particularly easy accessibility the inner surfaces of the cleaning chamber 1 1 and the reaction chamber 2 is made possible and in this way a simple and quick cleaning of the reactor 1 can be performed. Actuators for actuating the respective slide of the lid 24 and bottom 25 are each denoted by 26.

Claims

Ansprüche: Claims:
Reaktor (1 ) zur Gasgewinnung aus organischen Abfällen, mit einem säulenförmigen, aufrecht ausgerichteten Reaktorgehäuse (5), Reactor (1) for recovering organic waste, comprising a columnar upright reactor housing (5),
welches einen Reaktionsraum (2) umgibt,  which surrounds a reaction space (2),
der einen als Sammelraum (3) bezeichneten mit den organischen Abfällen befüllbaren Abschnitt aufweist,  which has a section which can be filled with the organic waste as a collecting space (3),
und der oberhalb des Sammelraums (3) einen das aus den organischen Abfällen gewonnene Gas aufnehmenden Gasraum (4) aufweist,  and above the collecting space (3) has a gas space (4) receiving the gas obtained from the organic wastes,
und wobei der Reaktionsraum (2) nach außen, zur Umgebungsatmosphäre hin, thermisch isoliert ist,  and wherein the reaction space (2) is thermally insulated to the outside, to the ambient atmosphere,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass nach oben an den Reaktionsraum (2) eine Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) anschließt,  that at the top of the reaction space (2) a cleaning chamber (1 1) connects,
wobei der Innenraum der Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) an eine Kühlfläche (15) grenzt,  wherein the interior of the cleaning chamber (1 1) adjoins a cooling surface (15),
und eine das gewonnene Gas aus dem Reaktor (1 ) führende Gasauslassleitung (16) in die Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) mündet.  and a gas outlet pipe (16) leading the recovered gas from the reactor (1) into the cleaning chamber (1 1) opens.
Reaktor nach Anspruch 1 , Reactor according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass zwischen dem Reaktorgehäuse (5) und der thermischen Isolierung (7) ein beheizbarer Zwischenraum (6) vorgesehen ist.  in that a heatable intermediate space (6) is provided between the reactor housing (5) and the thermal insulation (7).
Reaktor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Reactor according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) im Wesentlichen ohne Verringerung des freien inneren Querschnitts nach oben an den Reaktionsraum (2) anschließt. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, in that the cleaning chamber (11) adjoins the reaction space (2) essentially without reducing the free inner cross section. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass in den Gasraum (4) eine als Bypass (22) bezeichnete, zweite, ebenfalls das gewonnene Gas aus dem Reaktor (1 ) führende Gasleitung mündet. that in the gas space (4) as a bypass (22) designated, second, also the recovered gas from the reactor (1) leading gas line opens.
Reaktor nach Anspruch 4, Reactor according to claim 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Bypass (22) in die Gasauslassleitung (16) mündet. in that the bypass (22) opens into the gas outlet line (16).
Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass in der Gasauslassleitung (16) ein Kondensatabscheider (17) vorgesehen ist, in that a condensate separator (17) is provided in the gas outlet line (16),
der eine in den Gasstrom ragende Kondensationsfläche (18) aufweist having a projecting into the gas flow condensation surface (18)
sowie einen darunter befindlichen Kondensatsammeiraum (20). and a condensate collecting space (20) underneath.
Reaktor nach den Ansprüchen 5 und 6, Reactor according to claims 5 and 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass der Kondensatabscheider (17) stromabwärts von der Stelle angeordnet ist, wo der Bypass (22) in die Gasauslassleitung (16) mündet. in that the condensate separator (17) is arranged downstream of the point where the bypass (22) opens into the gas outlet line (16).
Reaktor nach Anspruch 6, Reactor according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, characterized,
dass eine Rückleitung (21 ) vorgesehen ist, welche einen- endes in den Kondensatsammeiraum (20) und anderenen- des in den Reaktionsraum (2) mündet. a return line (21) is provided, which ends at one end in the condensate collecting space (20) and the other end in the reaction space (2).
Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) eine Einfüllöffnung für die zu behandelnden organischen Abfälle aufweist. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, the cleaning chamber (11) has a filling opening for the organic waste to be treated. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Reinigungskammer (1 1 ) als separates Element ausgestaltet ist,  that the cleaning chamber (1 1) is designed as a separate element,
welches mit dem den Reaktionsraum (2) umgebenden Reaktorgehäuse (5) fest verbunden ist,  which is firmly connected to the reactor housing (5) surrounding the reaction space (2),
und gegenüber dem Reaktorgehäuse (5) thermisch isoliert ist.  and is thermally insulated from the reactor housing (5).
Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass der Reaktionsraum (2) einen Durchmesser von höchstens 300 mm aufweist.  the reaction space (2) has a diameter of at most 300 mm.
Reaktor nach Anspruch 1 1 , Reactor according to claim 1 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass der Reaktionsraum (2) einen Durchmesser von höchstens 170 mm aufweist.  the reaction space (2) has a diameter of at most 170 mm.
20  20
EP15793745.9A 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste Active EP3253849B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15793745T PL3253849T3 (en) 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste
SI201531135T SI3253849T1 (en) 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste
RS20200319A RS60364B1 (en) 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste
HRP20200441TT HRP20200441T1 (en) 2014-11-26 2020-03-17 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014117333.3A DE102014117333A1 (en) 2014-11-26 2014-11-26 Gas recovery reactor from organic waste
PCT/EP2015/075719 WO2016083089A1 (en) 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3253849A1 true EP3253849A1 (en) 2017-12-13
EP3253849B1 EP3253849B1 (en) 2019-12-25

Family

ID=54540035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15793745.9A Active EP3253849B1 (en) 2014-11-26 2015-11-04 Reactor for obtaining gas from organic waste

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3253849B1 (en)
CY (1) CY1123171T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102014117333A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3253849T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2777307T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20200441T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE050612T2 (en)
LT (1) LT3253849T (en)
PL (1) PL3253849T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3253849T (en)
RS (1) RS60364B1 (en)
SI (1) SI3253849T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016083089A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR887439A (en) * 1941-09-18 1943-11-12 Process and device for the recovery of condensable by-products, in the partial distillation of wood with a view to its carbonization
FR905858A (en) * 1944-07-11 1945-12-17 Generator for wood gasifier
FR914272A (en) * 1945-04-09 1946-10-03 Process and apparatus for the distillation of solid fuels, oil shales and resins and rosins, and process for recovering hydrogen sulphide, benzol and other volatile carbides, by deriving
DE3131476C2 (en) * 1981-08-08 1983-12-22 Fritz Werner Industrie-Ausrüstungen GmbH, 6222 Geisenheim Wood gas generator
IT1171542B (en) * 1981-09-21 1987-06-10 Marco Vincenzo De RUBBER TRANSFORMATION DEVICE PLASTIC MATERIALS AND URBAN WASTE WITH RECOVERY OF MIXTURES OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND COAL AND COMBUSTION PROCEDURE
GB2242687B (en) * 1990-03-31 1994-08-31 Uss Kk Apparatus for converting synthetic resin into oil
EP2495299A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2012-09-05 Eckhoff, Peter Assembly for thermal exploitation of organic material and fusion container of such an assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT3253849T (en) 2020-03-27
ES2777307T3 (en) 2020-08-04
PL3253849T3 (en) 2020-08-10
WO2016083089A1 (en) 2016-06-02
CY1123171T1 (en) 2022-03-24
LT3253849T (en) 2020-06-25
SI3253849T1 (en) 2020-10-30
HUE050612T2 (en) 2020-12-28
RS60364B1 (en) 2020-07-31
DE102014117333A1 (en) 2016-06-02
DK3253849T3 (en) 2020-03-23
HRP20200441T1 (en) 2020-09-04
EP3253849B1 (en) 2019-12-25

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