EP3251039A1 - Computerimplementiertes verfahren zur erstellung eines fermentationsmodels - Google Patents
Computerimplementiertes verfahren zur erstellung eines fermentationsmodelsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3251039A1 EP3251039A1 EP16701791.2A EP16701791A EP3251039A1 EP 3251039 A1 EP3251039 A1 EP 3251039A1 EP 16701791 A EP16701791 A EP 16701791A EP 3251039 A1 EP3251039 A1 EP 3251039A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactions
- macro
- rates
- computer
- implemented method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B5/00—ICT specially adapted for modelling or simulations in systems biology, e.g. gene-regulatory networks, protein interaction networks or metabolic networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B5/00—ICT specially adapted for modelling or simulations in systems biology, e.g. gene-regulatory networks, protein interaction networks or metabolic networks
- G16B5/30—Dynamic-time models
Definitions
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for creating a model of a bioreaction - esp. Fermentation or whole-cell catalysis - using an organism.
- Organism in the sense of the application are cultures of plant or animal cells such as mammalian cells, yeasts, bacteria, algae, etc., which are used in bioreactions.
- background knowledge of the organism means knowledge about the biochemical reactions of the organism - specific and unspecific reactions - and in particular the cell-internal reactions, or macro-reactions describing the organism-specific metabolic networks (also called SN or metabolic networks) consisting of substrates, metabolites (also called nodes of the metabolic network), products as well as the biochemical reactions between them. These biochemical reactions are through their:
- the measurement data is mainly used for qualitative monitoring of the process.
- the following section presents a selection of technical issues that require dynamic process models to solve.
- a technical use of the process knowledge in the sense of the application provides the model-based state estimation of a process in a bioreactor.
- Methods such as the extended Kalman filter allow a continuous estimation of process variables over which discontinuous measurements are available [Welch G, Bishop G. 1995. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The course of non-measurable quantities can also be calculated from other measurements, provided that a process model is correctly described for the underlying process.
- a dynamic process model is used to optimize process control in terms of product quantity, product characteristics or formation of by-products or other target variables in a model-based, predictive closed-loop control system.
- Frahm et al. for a hybridoma cell culture [Fever B, Lane P, Atzert H, Munack A, Hoffmann M, Hass VC, Portner R. 2002. Adaptive, Model-Based Control by the Open Loop Feedback Optimal (OLFO) Controller for the Effective Fed-Batch Cultivation of Hybridoma Cells. Biotechnol. Prog. 18 (5): 1095-1103J.
- Typical product features within the meaning of the application are, for example, glycosylation patterns of proteins or protein integrity, without being limited thereto. Dynamic models used in the above context do not yet have this property. The present approach enables a simple model-based integration of product features.
- This method is useful for various organisms or strains of the same organism.
- the selection of macro-reactions for the process model is done using process knowledge. However, process sections are defined for which a predefined number of macro-reactions are selected separately at random.
- the method described here provides one of many possible combinations of elementary modes. The number of macro reactions, and thus the model complexity, is fixed and unchangeable.
- the method gives separate models for each process section.
- the kinetics of the individual macro reactions are selected taking into account the stoichiometry of the selected macro reactions.
- the parameters of the kinetics (model parameters) are not adapted to the process data. Instead, the use of the separate process section models maps the changes in the process data.
- the object has been achieved by a method for creating a model of bioreaction with an organism in a bioreactor as described below.
- the subject of the application is a computer-implemented method for creating a model of a bioreaction - in particular fermentation or whole-cell catalysis - with an organism comprising the following steps:
- the EMs are summarized in a matrix K, where the EMs summarize the metabolic pathways from a) into macro reactions.
- This matrix K contains the stoichiometry and the reversibility properties of all possible macro reactions from the background.
- the measurement data (also called process knowledge) for bioreaction with the organism are entered.
- the rates specific to the organism - excretion and uptake rates of one or more input variables and output variables - of the input metabolic pathways are calculated.
- Growth rates, particularly preferably also mortality rates of the organism, are preferably also calculated.
- the subsets are displayed graphically.
- reaction rates of the macro reactions of the subset r (t) are calculated on the basis of the input measured data from c) and / or the rates from d).
- a first adaptation of the model parameter values for each macro reaction is carried out separately to the calculated reaction rates from f) and a check of the adaptation quality.
- steps g) and h) are repeated until a predefined quality of adaptation is achieved.
- the model parameter values are adapted to the measurement data from c).
- the matrix L, the kinetics from g) and the model parameter values from j) form the model and are output and / or transferred to a process control or process development module.
- the process control module communicates on-line with a process control system commonly used to control the bioreactor.
- process development modules are used to off-line optimize the process or design experiments.
- the bioreaction modeling according to the invention is essentially based on the assumption of representative macro reactions which simplify internal metabolic processes.
- the selection of reactions requires both biochemical background knowledge and process knowledge.
- the reactions of the metabolic network, their stoichiometry and reversibility property are entered by the user via a user interface or, ideally, automatically by the selection of an organism and its stored metabolic pathways from a database module in which the background information on the organism is stored.
- the metabolic network also called stoichiometric network in the state of the art
- the metabolic network preferably contains reactions from metabolic pathways which are important for the organism, for example reactions of glycolysis.
- the selection contains external reactions.
- An external reaction in the sense of the application contains at least one component outside the cell, typically at least one input variable and / or at least one output variable (product, by-product, etc.). More preferably, the metabolic network contains reactions that describe cell growth, e.g. B. in the form of a simplified reaction of internal metabolites to external biomass.
- Figure 5 and Table 1 in the example describe but are not limited to an applicable metabolic network.
- each elementary mode is a linear combination of reaction rates from the metabolic pathways - d. H. internal and external responses of the metabolic network, which satisfy both the steady state condition for internal metabolites and the reversibility or irreversibility of reactions, in linear combinations of reactions that take into account the steady state condition of internal metabolites , no internal metabolites can accumulate.
- a macro reaction in the sense of the application summarizes all reactions that lead from one or more input variables to one or more output variables (n) Each elementary mode thus describes a macro reaction Compared to the method of Leifheit et al the macro reactions are determined on the basis of the entered background knowledge.
- the elementary modes (EMs) are combined in a matrix E, preferably in a module for matrix engineering, which is configured with a corresponding algorithm.
- EMs The elementary modes
- Known algorithms can be used outside the Elementary Modes Matrix.
- METATOOL is mentioned as an example without being limited to: [Pfeiffer T, Montero F, Schuster, 1999. METATOOL: for studying metabolic networks. Bioinformatics 15 (3): 251-257.]
- METATOOL generates a first matrix E describing the input internal and external responses.
- step b) a matrix consisting of possible macro reactions K is generated with the aid of the (external) stoichiometric matrix N p from the matrix (E).
- the column vectors of the matrix K describe the macro reactions.
- the row vectors describe the components of the macro reactions (input and output variables).
- the stoichiometry of the macro reactions is entered.
- the available measurement data (process knowledge) for bioreaction with the organism are entered.
- cell number, cell vitality, concentrations of substrates such as carbon sources (eg, glucose), amino acids or O 2 , products and by-products (eg, lactate or CO 2 ), process parameters such as temperature and / or pH, or product characteristics determined.
- substrates such as carbon sources (eg, glucose), amino acids or O 2 , products and by-products (eg, lactate or CO 2 ), process parameters such as temperature and / or pH, or product characteristics determined.
- process parameters such as temperature and / or pH, or product characteristics determined.
- step d) the cell-specific excretion and uptake rates of substrates and (ancillary) products - together specific rates q (t) - called, and optionally the
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ), M d CO Growth and death rates of the organism ( ⁇ ( ⁇ ), M d CO) are calculated. Prerequisite for the calculation is the interpolation of the vital cell count, the total cell count and media concentrations with the help of a From these temporal changes of the measured variables can be determined.
- the calculated rates q (t), ⁇ (, give information about the observed dynamic behavior of the organism over time.
- One or more different methods of interpolation can be used in combination to calculate the above rates.
- Leifheit et al. the determination of the temporal changes of measured variables - z.
- B. the total cell count, the vital cell count or from other media concentrations of measurement data using spline-interpolated measurement data [Leifheit, J., Heine, T., Kample, M., & King, R. (2007).
- Computer-aided semi-automatic modeling of biotechnological processes (Semiautomatic Modeling of Biotechnical Processes). at-automation technology, 55 (5), 21 1 -218]. This method is hereby incorporated into the application by reference.
- the growth rate of the organism ⁇ ( ⁇ ) can be calculated from spline-interpolated values of the total cell number X t (t) and the living cell number X v (t) as well as the temporal values calculated from them
- D (t) is the dilution rate
- the rate of death ⁇ ⁇ (£) can be determined from the course of X v (t) and the
- the calculation of the specific rates of another component tq j (t) can be obtained from spline-interpolated values of the living cell number X v (t) and the concentration of the component Q (t), as well as the variation of the temporal change ⁇ (t) from 8 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 6 - ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 6 ⁇ values of Q (t) can be determined using formula 4:
- the measurement data from step c) are prepared before the first interpolation as follows:
- the measurement data are shifted (in the application called shifts).
- the amount AQ (t), by which the concentration measurement is shifted, can be calculated according to formula 5:
- This treatment (shifts) of the measured data prevents a sudden change in the calculated specific rates when turning on or off a feed (feed peak), in particular in a fed-batch process.
- Figure 1 shows the processing / shifting of the measured data in the sense of this application.
- the processed data then becomes
- the lysis is included in the calculation on the basis of a lysis factor K t (formula 9). This can z. B. be assumed to be constant over the course of the process.
- the processed data are also used for the calculation of the death rate ⁇ ⁇ (t).
- ICell hi own When the composition of this macromolecule is estimated, e.g. Based on its C-mol content, its specific rate can be varied from [g] to [C-mol], so that the specific rate has the unit [ ⁇ e ⁇ ].
- the specific rates q (t) form one of the bases for the further step e) of the method, namely the selection of the relevant macro reactions.
- a subset (L) of the EMs is selected on the basis of the data with which the specific rates q (t) from d) and / or the measurement data from c) can be well mapped according to a mathematical quality criterion.
- the number of EMs in the subset (L) should be as small as possible in order to ensure the lowest possible complexity of the process model.
- the subset L should however ensure a good description of the process knowledge.
- the selection of EMs reduces the solution space compared to the original EMs set (K) from a), but still contains the determined physiologically important area of the cells.
- Figure 3 shows a representation of the solution space, where the original set of EMs (K) is reduced to a subset (L).
- step e the calculated specific rates q (t) and the measurement data from c) are usually transferred to a module for selecting the relevant macro reactions, which is configured with corresponding algorithms.
- step e) i) a data-independent and / or a data-dependent prereduction of the matrix K takes place in any order:
- the data-independent prereduction is preferably carried out by a geometric reduction.
- all cosine similarities to all other modes are calculated for a randomly selected EM.
- the most similar EM will be removed from the set. This procedure is repeated until a predefined number of EMs has been reached.
- the desired number is usually defined for the procedure in advance.
- the volume of the solution space can be used. Surprisingly, it was found that a significant reduction in the number of macroreactions while maintaining 90 to 98%, preferably 92 to 95% of the clamped volume, compared to the original volume is possible.
- the data-dependent prereduction can be calculated by comparing yield coefficients of the EMs (Y EM ) to the yield coefficients calculated from the specific rates q (t) of d)
- the yield coefficient of the kth EM (i) ' k ) is given by formula 10 Division of the corresponding stoichiometric coefficients of the external metabolites i and j determined. For the kth EM these are the matrix entries K ik and K Jik .
- the yield coefficient Y j (t) gives the ratio of two measured or d) calculated cell-specific rates (i (t), q j (t)) to each other according to formula 1 1:
- an upper and a lower limit can be determined for each possible combination of two external components t and j.
- the lowest yield coefficient of two external metabolites i and j ⁇ TM ( ⁇ ) can be used as the lower bound and the largest value of ⁇ TM ( ⁇ ) as the upper bound, but other limits are possible.
- EMs whose yield coefficients Y TM are above the upper limit or below the lower limit are removed from the matrix K. If the yield coefficient of an EMs Y TM can not be determined, this remains in the matrix K.
- step e) ii. a subset of macro reactions is selected with an algorithm: For the selection, a quality criterion with which it can be quantified how well the specific rates q (t) from d) and / or the measurement data from c) are mapped with a subset (L) and an algorithm for selecting the subset.
- the value for SSR q should be as small as possible.
- the vector r (tj) has to be determined beforehand for each considered time with the aid of a non-negative-least-squares algorithm such that the following applies:
- the advantage of this method is that the calculations according to formula 12 - 14 can also be carried out for very large subsets with many EMs.
- a significant disadvantage is that the computed specific rates q (t) are required for this calculation. Since these are obtained from interpolated measured values, they are present with great uncertainty regarding their true values. Measurement inaccuracies may under certain circumstances have a strong effect on the calculated specific rates c / (t). The quality criterion SSR q can therefore only be determined under great uncertainty.
- this method also yields an estimated course of the reaction rates r (t) of the subset L as a result of the minimization according to formulas 13 and 14.
- Leighty, R. et al. describes another method in which the measured values (concentration measurements) are directly approximated by a linear estimate of volumetric reaction rates over time.
- the course of the reactions can be estimated quickly, assuming that it proceeds linearly between interpolation sites [Leighty, RW, & Antoniewicz, MR (2011), Dynamic metabolic flux analysis (DMFA ): a framework for determining fluxes at metabolic non-steady state. Metabolic engineering, 13 (6), 745-755].
- the method can also be used for irreversible reactions - such as the elementary modes. If the dimensions of the macro reactions and the measured values do not match, the dimension of the measured values can be adapted to the macro reactions via suitable correlations.
- This combination of the linear estimation according to Leighty et al. the enhancements to this claim are hereafter referred to as "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions".
- the non-negative least squares solver (NNLS) from Lawson et al is used to solve the linear optimization problem [Lawson, CL and RJ Hanson, Solving Least Squares Problems, Prentice-Hall, 1974, Chapter 23, p. 161.]. This makes it possible to check the quality of larger subsets with the method.
- the maximum number of macro reactions can also be significantly greater than the number of existing measurements divided by the number of nodes.
- the method according to the invention of the "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions with NNLS" can additionally be used as a further data-dependent method for prereduction of the EMs in step e) i)
- a very large set K of macro reactions can be used on the one hand the value for SSR C and on the other the course of the reaction rates r (t) EMs with small values of the corresponding rate r (t) are removed from the matrix K. This procedure is repeated until a predefined number of EMs is reached or the value of SSR C exceeds a specified limit.
- Algorithms for selecting the subset are z. ß. from Provost et al. and Soons et al. known [Provost A. 2006. Metabolism design of dynamic bioreaction models. Faculty of Sciences Appliquees, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Louvain-la-Neuve; Soons, Z. 1. T.A., Ferreira, E.C., Rocha, 1. (2010). Selection of Elementary Modes for Bioprocess Control. 1 Ith International Symposium on Computer Applications in Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium, July 7-9, 2010, 156-161 J.
- an evolutionary, in particular a genetic, algorithm is used to select the relevant macro-reactions, ie to select the EM subsets L.
- a genetic algorithm is z. ß. from Baker et al. [Syed Murtuza Baker, Kai Schallau, Björn H. Junker. 2010. Comparison of different algorithms for simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in kinetic metabolic models. J. Integrative Bioinformatics:
- a genetic algorithm can be used, in whose objective function for various combinations of EMs the respective value SSR C is calculated with the method "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions.”
- the matrix L contains the necessary macro reactions (step iii).
- step iii) the validity of the EM subset L is checked graphically.
- the flux map from step d) can be used as a projection of the EM subset L.
- Figure 4 shows the Flux Map with the projection of a subset of six EMs. If the EM subset L is valid, the measurement data remains within the EM subset L. This representation allows a quick graphical check of the validity of the selection.
- reaction rates of the macro reactions of the subset L are calculated with the specific rates q (t) from d) and / or the measured data from c).
- the calculation of r (t) can be based on the specific rates q (t) as described in e) according to Soons et al. [Soons, Z. 1.
- step g) of the method the kinetics of the macro reactions are designed.
- the determined kinetics should quantify the dynamic influences of the process state on the respective reaction rates r k :
- the kinetics result in the model parameters to be determined.
- step g) The generic kinetics are determined in step g) i. designed from the stoichiometry of macro reactions. For substrates of the macro reaction, a limitation of the monodype is assumed.
- the monod constants K mki and the Hill coefficients ⁇ ⁇ represent the parameters of the equation whose first values are entered manually.
- the monod constants K mk i are set to one tenth of the respective maximum measured concentrations and the hill coefficients ⁇ ⁇ to the value 1.
- the determination of generic kinetics from the reaction stoichiometries is described by Provost or by Gao et al. [Provost A. 2006. Metabolic design of dynamic bioreaction models. Faculty of the Sciences Applique, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, p.
- step g) ii. the influencing variables are determined on the reaction rates r (t) determined in f). All variables that describe the process state (ie also bioreaction conditions such as the pH, the reactor temperature, partial pressures that can not be derived from the stoichiometry of the macro reaction) are considered.
- the influencing variables can be determined manually, for example using a statistical method such as partial least squares. For this purpose, the correlation between the process state (which is summarized in a matrix) and the reaction rates r (t) from f) is determined.
- iii. the g in g) ii. determined influences quantified and the kinetics of i. extended by corresponding terms.
- K I ki denotes the inhibition constant and represents another model parameter whose first value is input manually and is usually set to one-tenth of the respective maximum measured concentrations.
- the model parameter values p of the kinetics are adapted to the reaction rates of the macro reactions r (t) determined in f): m ninn ⁇ (r k () - r k ) (formula 19)
- model parameter estimation A numerical solution of one or more differential equations according to the formulas 2 to 4 in this step can be dispensed with; the model parameter values can be adjusted in independent groups with usually 3 to 10 parameters separately for each macro reaction k.
- the adaptation is done by a common method such as the Gauss-Newton method [Bates DM, Watts DG. 1988. Nonlinear regression analysis and its applications. New York: Wiley. xiv, 365.].
- This model parameter value estimation which is separate for each macro reaction, is particularly advantageous for steps i) and j), since it can be carried out quickly and also provides improved starting values for adapting the model parameter values to measurement data from c) in step j).
- the goodness of fit is calculated, for example, with the sum of the squared residuals SSR r according to formula 20: N t
- the check of the quality of fit is done by a graphical comparison of f k ⁇ and r k .
- step i) the kinetics of the macro reactions selected in g) are checked for their quality of fit.
- the basis is the value SSR r calculated in step h), which quantifies the quality of fit of the model parameter value estimation.
- step j) the adaptation of the parameter values of the kinetics from g) to the measured data from c) can be carried out according to a method customary for adaptations.
- the starting values from step h) are preferably used for this adaptation.
- the model parameter value adjustment takes place with the inclusion of o. G. Differential equations (formulas 2 to 4), z. B. using the Gauss-Newton method [Bates DM, Watts DG. 1988. Nonlinear regression analysis and its applications. New York: Wiley. xiv, 365. J or using a multiple-shoot algorithm [Peifer M, Timmer J. 2007. Parameter estimation in ordinary differential equations for biochemical processes using the method of multiple shooting. Systems Biology, IET 1 (2): 78-88.J.
- product features can be integrated into the model. Most preferably, this may be introduced for product characteristics that depend on the concentration of by-products or intermediates. Concentrations of by-products that are external components of the metabolic network entered in a) are already integrated into the model and can be calculated. If necessary, however, other by-products or intermediates may be grouped together in one or more separate metabolic networks. This is advantageous if the expected excretion or uptake rates are in different orders of magnitude or certain metabolic processes are to be considered in different degrees of detail.
- steps a) to j) can be used to generate a separate model for the calculation of the product features, which also describes the course of the process of the external components of the separate metabolic network with a set of macro reactions with their own kinetics.
- By-products or intermediates that are not outside the organism but whose intracellular accumulation affects one or more product characteristics may be externalized in step (a) and (b) in the calculation of the EMs and the formulation of macro-reactions, ie classified as external components, become.
- the involvement of Product features that are dependent on intracellular or out-of-cell concentrations may then be achieved through the additional integration of quantitative or qualitative relationships between concentrations and product characteristics.
- the model provided by the method according to the invention can be used for process control or planning of the process control as well as investigation of the process in the reactor.
- the matrix with the calculated EMs E was obtained in step a).
- the matrix N p contains the stoichiometry, ie the stoichiometric coefficients, of the external metabolite.
- Possible macro reactions of the stoichiometric network were summarized in the matrix K with formula 21:
- the measurement data of the process were taken from Baughman et al. which reports various measures of a fermentation of hybridoma cells over the course of a batch process (see Figure 6). In: Computers & Chemical Engineering (2010) 34 (2), pp. 210-222.]. The measurement data was entered in the procedure.
- the C-mol-related formation rate of the antibody can be estimated.
- M mAb c _ mol 22.45 - ⁇ .
- the rate of formation of the antibody then resulted from the formula:
- step e an EM subset of macro reactions was generated, with which the data record was reproduced in the best possible way.
- the matrix K from step b) was needed. Since the number of more than 300,000 macro-reactions would have resulted in too many possible combinations, a data-dependent pre-reduction was performed first:
- the rates q (t) determined in step d) were used to calculate the yield coefficients Y m for all combinations of two external metabolites.
- the lower limit of a yield coefficient Y tj was chosen such that 99% of the determined yield coefficients Y j ⁇ t) are above this value.
- the upper limit was chosen so that 99% of the determined Yield coefficients Y ⁇ it) are below this value.
- some determined limits and the proportion of EMs whose yield coefficients Y TM within these limits are given in Table 2. Overall, the number of EMs could be reduced to about 3000.
- the subset was selected using a genetic algorithm.
- the linear optimization problem addressed in the "Linear Estimation of Reaction Rates of Selected Macro Reactions" was solved.
- the final sum of the least squares of the linear optimization problem calculated here was also the value of the objective function for the respective selection of macro reactions.
- the optimization was performed repeatedly with a different number of macro reactions in L.
- the count represents a trade-off between model complexity and rendering accuracy.
- either the selection of the subset L may be repeated for a varying number of macro-reactions, or a penalty for the number of responses will be used directly
- Target function of the genetic algorithm can be added.
- several optimizations were performed with a predefined number of macro reactions (10, 7, 5, 4, and 3). The smallest sum of squares found with the genetic algorithm is plotted against the number of macro reactions in Figure 9. It turned out that in this case fewer than seven macro reactions are too few to represent the course of the process sufficiently well.
- the selected macro reactions are given in Table 3.
- Table 3 Selected subset of macro reactions (I). Non-underlined components are not included in the model as there are no measurements for this.
- the reaction rates over time were determined.
- the measured values shown in Figure 10 were approximated by an estimate of the reaction rates r (t)
- the result of the method is a piecewise linear progression of the individual (volumetric) reaction rates Division with the interpolated progression of the vital cell number X v (t), the cell-specific reaction rates r (t) of the macro reactions shown in Table 3 were obtained and the reaction rates r (t) obtained are shown in Figure 10.
- r k max is the maximum reaction rate
- Ni the number of limitations taken into account
- Q the concentration of the component t, K mki the associated monod constants and n; represent the Hill parameter for the reaction order. Their values are adjusted in steps h) and j).
- the lysis rate Ki was assumed to be constant over the process.
- the parameters Ciac.cr critical lactate concentration
- ⁇ , ⁇ maximum rate of death introduced by apoptosis and lysis
- K d Lac Monitoring parameter for describing the influence of lactate concentration
- K t lysis rate
- Target function has many local optima. If you start a deterministic optimization algorithm, such. If, for example, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm at the starting values of the parameters known from step h), the chances of success are greatly increased.
- the adjusted process flow is shown in Figure 12.
- the adjusted parameters are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Parameters of kinetics as well as apoptosis and lysis
- the model consisting of the matrix L, the kinetics from Table 4 and the kinetics of apoptosis with the associated parameter values from Table 5 was output.
- ⁇ (Index k) Denotes the kth element of a vector
- Figure 1 shows the shift of measured data: The actual course of a measured quantity (C t (t)) is shown, which changes abruptly when the dilution rate changes (D (t)). The shifted history ( is (t)) comes about only by changes caused by the cell.
- Figure 2 shows the flux map of two specific rates q x and q 2 .
- the contour lines indicate the frequency with which the respective combination of rates occurs in the measured data.
- Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional representation of the solution space, which is spanned by a positive linear combination of EMs.
- the solution space of the entire set is shown, in gray, that of a subset.
- Figure 4 shows the flux map of two specific rates q i and q 2 .
- the 2-dimensional projections of the macro reactions of a set I are shown.
- Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the metabolic network of Niu et al.
- the limitation of the cell is shown as a box.
- the cell-internal demarcation of the mitochondrion is indicated by a dashed line.
- External components are marked with the index "xt"
- the arrows and dotted arrows indicate reactions.
- FIG. 6 shows the measurement data of a fermentation with hybridoma cells from Baughman et al.
- the total cell count (total cells) is calculated here from the sum of the living cells (vital cells) and dead cells (dead cells).
- the abbreviations GLC, GLN, ASP, ASN, LAC, ALA and PRO denote the substrate glucose and the amino acids glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, alanine and proline as well as the metabolite lactate.
- the abbreviation MAB designates the product of monoclonal antibodies and BM the biomass.
- Figure 7 shows the growth and death rates as well as the cell-specific uptake and release rates
- Figure 8 shows the concentrations approximated by the "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions" with the selected reaction set, and the total number of cells (X t ) and the antibody concentration (MAB) were converted to C-mol.
- Figure 9 shows the smallest calculated sum of error squares ("minimum error") plotted against the number of macro reactions in the subset (n R ).
- FIG. 10 shows the reaction rates of the macro reactions r (t) determined by the method according to the invention "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions".
- Figure 1 1 shows the reaction rates of macro reactions r (t) (continuous) determined by the method according to the invention "linear estimation of reaction rates of selected macro reactions"
- Figure 12 shows a comparison of the measured concentrations C m (i) (points) and the simulated process flow (i) (solid line). The concentrations are given in [mM]. Exceptions are the vital and total number of cells (X v / X t in [10 9 cells and the concentration of antibody (mAb in [10 -4 mM]).
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CN103413066B (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-12-28 | 南京工业大学 | 自吸式反应器放大发酵培养酵母的预测方法 |
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WO2016120361A1 (de) | 2016-08-04 |
EA035276B1 (ru) | 2020-05-22 |
JP2018511849A (ja) | 2018-04-26 |
SG10202006972VA (en) | 2020-08-28 |
TW201643744A (zh) | 2016-12-16 |
CN107408161B (zh) | 2021-02-26 |
AU2016212059A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
IL253584A0 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
US20190228835A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
AU2016212059B2 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
AR103564A1 (es) | 2017-05-17 |
CN107408161A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
KR20170109629A (ko) | 2017-09-29 |
CA2975012A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
HK1247340A1 (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
EA201791659A1 (ru) | 2018-01-31 |
CA2975012C (en) | 2021-06-15 |
US10872680B2 (en) | 2020-12-22 |
EP3051449A1 (de) | 2016-08-03 |
JP6816003B2 (ja) | 2021-01-20 |
US20160224721A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
SG11201706166PA (en) | 2017-08-30 |
TWI690813B (zh) | 2020-04-11 |
BR112017016198A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
US10296708B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
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