EP3247965B1 - Improved heat exchanger with tubes and fins and method for producing such a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Improved heat exchanger with tubes and fins and method for producing such a heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3247965B1
EP3247965B1 EP16700929.9A EP16700929A EP3247965B1 EP 3247965 B1 EP3247965 B1 EP 3247965B1 EP 16700929 A EP16700929 A EP 16700929A EP 3247965 B1 EP3247965 B1 EP 3247965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
fin
heat exchanger
tubes
collar
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EP16700929.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3247965A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Boisselle
Samuel BRY
Erwan ETIENNE
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2235/00—Means for filling gaps between elements, e.g. between conduits within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • F28F2275/025—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials by using adhesives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a mechanical type heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • a heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, in which a heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.
  • Brazed and mechanical type heat exchangers are usually distinguished by their manufacturing process.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by soldering.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by crimping, without soldering, that is to say without adding material.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
  • Each tube and / or interlayer is coated with a solder layer.
  • the tubes and spacers are placed in a common support by arranging them relative to each other in their substantially definitive relative positions. This support is necessary to keep between them the tubes and the interleaves because they are not yet interconnected.
  • placing the assembly comprising the support and the various elements it contains in an oven so as to heat the assembly, cause the solder to melt and thus connect the tubes and the spacers between them. Note that this last heating step is in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
  • the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes in the following manner.
  • the holes are formed in the fins passage tubes. These passage holes are generally delimited each by a fallen edge forming a neck.
  • the fins are arranged substantially parallel to each other and each tube is threaded into a series of aligned holes of the fins.
  • it causes a radial expansion of the tubes by passing an expansion tool inside these tubes so as to mechanically bind the tubes and fins by crimping, the necks defining the passage holes of the tubes then forming tight collars around the tubes.
  • the method of manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger does not require, for the assembly of fins and tubes together, solder, that is to say material supply. Moreover, such a method does not include a complex heating step in a neutral and confined atmosphere.
  • a mechanical type heat exchanger is generally less expensive to manufacture than a brazed type heat exchanger.
  • the purpose of the invention is to eliminate as much as possible the undesirable interstices between the tubes and the fins that are clamped around the tubes of a mechanical heat exchanger, this with inexpensive means, and without having to significantly modify the method of manufacture of this heat exchanger.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger according to the statement of claim 1.
  • the fins are connected to the tubes by crimping, as is usual for a mechanical type heat exchanger.
  • the main steps of a method for manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger are therefore preserved.
  • each tube and / or each fin of the heat exchanger allows effective clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube and the collar.
  • the exchanger according to the invention has no or only very few gaps between the fin and the tube into which air can infiltrate.
  • the performance of the heat exchanger is greatly improved. It has been possible to note a power gain potential of the order of 8% on average and of the order of 15% in the case of a large flow of the fluid flowing in the tube.
  • the thickness of the clogging material layer is less than 50 micrometers.
  • the clogging material has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C.
  • the sealing material has a melting temperature below 300 ° C makes it possible to ensure its melting at a much lower temperature than those used in a soldering process of a brazed type heat exchanger.
  • the tubes and fins of the heat exchanger being made generally in an aluminum alloy whose melting temperature is well above 300 ° C, the heating of the caulking material does not risk causing unwanted local fusions of the tubes and fins or an alteration of their mechanical characteristics by thermal action.
  • the heating temperature of the sealing material therefore does not affect the mechanical strength of a mechanical heat exchanger, the tubes are crimped in the fins, as could be done against the temperatures involved in the processes brazing which are of the order of 500 ° C or more.
  • the clogging material is an alloy comprising essentially tin.
  • An alloy consisting essentially of tin has a low melting point, is inexpensive and a good conductor of heat. The use of this alloy therefore lends itself well to the implementation of the invention.
  • the collar is formed by a fallen edge of the fin.
  • the tube and the fin are made of the same single-alloy material, for example an alloy material mainly comprising aluminum.
  • the tube and the fin are each made of two different materials, each of these materials nevertheless being an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.
  • the melt sealing material easily fills the gaps forming contact defects between the tube and the collar.
  • the sealing material is heated to cause melting by means of a hot air flow.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is intended to equip a motor vehicle.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises tubes 12, in which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements 14 connected to these tubes 12.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is of the mechanical type. More particularly, the tubes 12 are connected to the heat exchange elements, referred to in this case as fins 14, by crimping the tubes 12 in flanges 16 formed in the fins 14. Crimp here is the embedding of the tubes in the fins as previously described so that the tubes are found tight in the fins at the fins.
  • the fins are provided with holes 18 through which the tubes 12 pass. These passage holes 18 are each delimited by a fallen edge forming a neck 20.
  • the tubes 12 each have a generally elongated shape and have a substantially oval section.
  • the tubes 12 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, so as to form a single row.
  • the fins 14 have a substantially flat general shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 10 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 12.
  • Each tube 12 is threaded into a series of holes 18 aligned with the fins 14.
  • the tubes 12 are clamped in the necks 20 through which they pass, so that these necks 20 form the collars 16.
  • the tubes 12 and the fins 14 are made of the same mono-alloy material, more particularly an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.
  • each tube 12 is coated with a layer of material 22 separate from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • this layer of material 22 is represented on only one of the tubes 12 of the figure 1 .
  • it is the fins which are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • the tubes and the fins are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins.
  • this layer of material 22 is less than 50 micrometers.
  • This layer 22 forms a reserve of clogging material 22 of a possible fault of contact between the tube 12 that it covers and each collar 16 through which the tube 12.
  • This sealing material 22 is melt-activatable.
  • the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C.
  • the clogging material 22 is for example an alloy comprising essentially tin.
  • the clogging material 22 When the clogging material 22 is activated by melting, it flows, by capillarity, into the interstices 24 and the mouth. So, as we can see on the figure 2 , the sealing material 22 closes the interstices 24 so as to ensure a quality thermal connection between the tube 12 and the collar 16.
  • the filling of the interstices can be observed under an optical microscope.
  • the fact that the sealing material 22 filling the interstices 24 results from solidification of this material after melting can be observed by micrography, the melting having modified its microstructure.
  • the heat exchanger 10 according to the invention is simple to manufacture because it takes up most of the steps of a conventional manufacturing process of a mechanical type exchanger.
  • each tube 12 Prior to the connection of each tube 12 to the fins 14, this tube 12 is coated with a layer of clogging material 22.
  • the clogging material layer 22 may be applied over the entire outer surface of the tube or only a portion thereof. Similarly, in the modes of wherein the fins are coated with a layer of material, the layer of clogging material 22 may be applied over the entire surface of the fin or only a portion thereof.
  • each tube 12 is first inserted into the aligned through holes 18 of the fins 14.
  • the sealing material 22 is heated so as to cause its fusion and the clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube 12 and each collar 16.
  • the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature below 300 ° C, it is generally possible to carry out the heating step by means of a hot air flow, which is sufficient to cause the sealing material 22 to melt. .
  • This heating mode has the advantage of not requiring an expensive or complex installation. In addition, it does not call into question the rigidity of the structure of the heat exchanger 10, which avoids the use of support means for the tubes 12 and the fins 14.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur, et plus particulièrement un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et un procédé de fabrication d'un tel échangeur selon le préambule de la revendication 7.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more particularly to a mechanical type heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 7.

Un échangeur de chaleur comprend généralement des tubes, dans lesquels un fluide caloporteur est destiné à circuler, et des éléments d'échange de chaleur reliés à ces tubes.A heat exchanger generally comprises tubes, in which a heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements connected to these tubes.

Pour des raisons de gain de poids, il est connu de réaliser les tubes et les éléments d'échange de chaleur dans un alliage d'aluminium.For reasons of weight gain, it is known to produce tubes and heat exchange elements in an aluminum alloy.

On distingue habituellement des échangeurs de chaleur de type brasé et de type mécanique selon leur procédé de fabrication.Brazed and mechanical type heat exchangers are usually distinguished by their manufacturing process.

Ainsi, dans un échangeur de chaleur de type brasé, les éléments d'échange de chaleur sont reliés aux tubes par brasage. En revanche, dans un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique, les éléments d'échange de chaleur sont reliés aux tubes par sertissage, sans brasure, c'est-à-dire sans apport de matière.Thus, in a brazed type heat exchanger, the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by soldering. On the other hand, in a heat exchanger of the mechanical type, the heat exchange elements are connected to the tubes by crimping, without soldering, that is to say without adding material.

Plus particulièrement, dans un échangeur de chaleur de type brasé, les éléments d'échange de chaleur, appelés dans ce cas « intercalaires », sont reliés aux tubes de la façon suivante. On revêt chaque tube et/ou intercalaire d'une couche de brasure. Puis, on place les tubes et les intercalaires dans un support commun en les agençant les uns par rapport aux autres dans leurs positions relatives sensiblement définitives. Ce support est nécessaire pour maintenir entre eux les tubes et les intercalaires car ces derniers ne sont pas encore reliés entre eux. Enfin, on place l'ensemble comprenant le support et les différents éléments qu'il contient dans un four de façon à chauffer cet ensemble, provoquer la fusion de la brasure et ainsi relier les tubes et les intercalaires entre eux. On notera que cette dernière étape de chauffage se fait en atmosphère neutre et confinée.More particularly, in a brazed type heat exchanger, the heat exchange elements, referred to in this case as "spacers", are connected to the tubes in the following manner. Each tube and / or interlayer is coated with a solder layer. Then, the tubes and spacers are placed in a common support by arranging them relative to each other in their substantially definitive relative positions. This support is necessary to keep between them the tubes and the interleaves because they are not yet interconnected. Finally, placing the assembly comprising the support and the various elements it contains in an oven so as to heat the assembly, cause the solder to melt and thus connect the tubes and the spacers between them. Note that this last heating step is in a neutral and confined atmosphere.

Par ailleurs, dans un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique, les éléments d'échange de chaleur, appelés dans ce cas « ailettes », sont reliés aux tubes de la façon suivante. Tout d'abord, on forme dans les ailettes des trous de passage des tubes. Ces trous de passage sont généralement délimités chacun par un bord tombé formant un col. Puis, on dispose les ailettes sensiblement parallèlement entre elles et on enfile chaque tube dans une série de trous alignés des ailettes. Enfin, on provoque une expansion radiale des tubes en passant un outil d'expansion à l'intérieur de ces tubes de façon à lier mécaniquement les tubes et les ailettes par sertissage, les cols délimitant les trous de passage des tubes formant alors des collets serrés autour des tubes.Moreover, in a mechanical type heat exchanger, the heat exchange elements, referred to in this case as "fins", are connected to the tubes in the following manner. First, the holes are formed in the fins passage tubes. These passage holes are generally delimited each by a fallen edge forming a neck. Then, the fins are arranged substantially parallel to each other and each tube is threaded into a series of aligned holes of the fins. Finally, it causes a radial expansion of the tubes by passing an expansion tool inside these tubes so as to mechanically bind the tubes and fins by crimping, the necks defining the passage holes of the tubes then forming tight collars around the tubes.

Le procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique ne requiert donc pas, pour l'assemblage des ailettes et des tubes entre eux, de brasure, c'est-à-dire d'apport de matière. Par ailleurs, un tel procédé ne comporte pas d'étape complexe de chauffage dans une atmosphère neutre et confinée.The method of manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger does not require, for the assembly of fins and tubes together, solder, that is to say material supply. Moreover, such a method does not include a complex heating step in a neutral and confined atmosphere.

Par conséquent, un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique est généralement moins cher à fabriquer qu'un échangeur de chaleur de type brasé.Therefore, a mechanical type heat exchanger is generally less expensive to manufacture than a brazed type heat exchanger.

Cependant, dans un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique, on observe dans certains cas des défauts de contact entre les tubes et les cols des ailettes serrés autour des tubes. En effet, lors de l'expansion radiale des tubes, ces derniers, en se déformant, tendent à élargir les cols délimitant les trous de passage des tubes dans les ailettes. Or, l'expansion radiale des tubes est suivie d'un léger retour élastique des tubes en sens inverse de l'expansion. Cet effet de retour élastique dont la forme allongée des tubes est un facteur important, est d'autant plus marqué que l'épaisseur des tubes est réduite pour les alléger et économiser de la matière.However, in a mechanical type heat exchanger, there are in some cases contact defects between the tubes and the fin necks tight around the tubes. Indeed, during the radial expansion of the tubes, the latter, by deforming, tend to widen the necks defining the passage holes of the tubes in the fins. Now, the radial expansion of the tubes is followed by a slight elastic return of the tubes in the opposite direction of the expansion. This elastic return effect of which the elongated shape of the tubes is an important factor, is all the more marked as the thickness of the tubes is reduced to lighten them and save material.

La combinaison des effets d'élargissement des cols délimitant les trous de passage des tubes dans les ailettes et de retour radial élastique des tubes peut conduire à l'apparition d'interstices indésirables entre les tubes et les cols des ailettes. Ces interstices forment des passages d'air réduisant les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur, car l'air est un mauvais conducteur de chaleur.The combination of neck widening effects defining the passage holes of the tubes in the vanes and elastic radial return of the tubes can lead to the appearance of undesirable gaps between the tubes and the necks of the fins. These gaps form air passages that reduce the performance of the heat exchanger because the air is a poor conductor of heat.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on a proposé dans l'état de la technique, notamment dans JPH01239390, d'intercaler des rondelles en matériau à mémoire de forme entre les ailettes et les tubes qu'elles entourent afin d'optimiser le contact entre les tubes et les cols délimitant les trous de passage de ces tubes dans les ailettes.To remedy this drawback, it has been proposed in the state of the art, in particular in JPH01239390, to insert washers of shape memory material between the fins and the tubes which they surround in order to optimize the contact between the tubes and the necks defining the passage holes of these tubes in the fins.

On a également proposé dans l'état de la technique, notamment dans JPS5952195, d'utiliser des tubes en matériau à mémoire de forme dont le diamètre augmente fortement à haute température, ce qui a pour effet de combler les interstices.It has also been proposed in the state of the art, in particular in JPS5952195, to use tubes of shape memory material whose diameter increases strongly at high temperature, which has the effect of filling the interstices.

Le document US 2006/108104 A1 décrit un échangeur de chaleur selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document US 2006/108104 A1 discloses a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ces solutions proposées dans l'état de la technique sont toutefois complexes à mettre en oeuvre et relativement coûteuses.These solutions proposed in the state of the art are however complex to implement and relatively expensive.

L'invention a pour but de supprimer autant que possible les interstices indésirables entre les tubes et les ailettes serrées autour des tubes d'un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique, ceci avec des moyens peu coûteux, et sans avoir à modifier notablement le procédé de fabrication de cet échangeur de chaleur.The purpose of the invention is to eliminate as much as possible the undesirable interstices between the tubes and the fins that are clamped around the tubes of a mechanical heat exchanger, this with inexpensive means, and without having to significantly modify the method of manufacture of this heat exchanger.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur selon l'énoncé de la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger according to the statement of claim 1.

Dans l'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, les ailettes sont reliées aux tubes par sertissage, comme cela est habituel pour un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique. On conserve donc les principales étapes d'un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique.In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the fins are connected to the tubes by crimping, as is usual for a mechanical type heat exchanger. The main steps of a method for manufacturing a mechanical type heat exchanger are therefore preserved.

Le matériau de colmatage revêtant chaque tube et/ou chaque ailette de l'échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention permet un colmatage efficace d'un défaut éventuel de contact entre le tube et le collet.The clogging material coating each tube and / or each fin of the heat exchanger according to the invention allows effective clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube and the collar.

Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de modifier notablement le procédé de fabrication de l'échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique pour obtenir un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention. Il suffit de prévoir, après la liaison du tube à l'ailette par sertissage de ce tube dans le collet ménagé dans l'ailette, une étape de chauffage provoquant la fusion de la couche de matériau de colmatage. Le matériau de colmatage en fusion comble facilement les interstices formant des défauts de contact entre le tube et le collet. Ce chauffage peut être réalisé avec des moyens et dans des conditions simples car la fusion du matériau de colmatage n'est pas destinée à réaliser une brasure de liaison du tube avec l'ailette, délicate à maîtriser, mais uniquement à colmater tout éventuel interstice entre le tube et le collet ménagé dans l'ailette.It is therefore not necessary to significantly modify the manufacturing process of the mechanical type heat exchanger to obtain a heat exchanger according to the invention. It suffices to provide, after the connection of the tube to the fin by crimping this tube in the collar formed in the fin, a heating step causing the fusion of the clogging material layer. The melt sealing material easily fills the gaps forming contact defects between the tube and the collar. This heating can be achieved with means and under simple conditions because the melting of the clogging material is not intended to achieve a connection of the tube binding with the fin, difficult to control, but only to plug any possible gap between the tube and the collar formed in the fin.

L'échangeur selon l'invention ne comporte pas, ou uniquement très peu, d'interstices entre l'ailette et le tube dans lequel de l'air peut s'infiltrer.The exchanger according to the invention has no or only very few gaps between the fin and the tube into which air can infiltrate.

Les performances de l'échangeur de chaleur s'en trouvent grandement améliorées. On a pu constater un potentiel de gain de puissance de l'ordre de 8% en moyenne et de l'ordre de 15% en cas de flux important du fluide circulant dans le tube.The performance of the heat exchanger is greatly improved. It has been possible to note a power gain potential of the order of 8% on average and of the order of 15% in the case of a large flow of the fluid flowing in the tube.

De préférence, l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau de colmatage est inférieure à 50 micromètres.Preferably, the thickness of the clogging material layer is less than 50 micrometers.

On a déterminé qu'il s'agissait là d'une épaisseur suffisante pour colmater les éventuels défauts de contact entre le tube et le collet.This was determined to be of sufficient thickness to seal any contact defects between the tube and the collar.

De préférence, le matériau de colmatage a une température de fusion inférieure à 300°C.Preferably, the clogging material has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C.

Le fait que le matériau de colmatage ait une température de fusion inférieure à 300°C permet d'assurer sa fusion à une température bien inférieure à celles utilisées dans un procédé de brasage d'un échangeur de chaleur de type brasé.The fact that the sealing material has a melting temperature below 300 ° C makes it possible to ensure its melting at a much lower temperature than those used in a soldering process of a brazed type heat exchanger.

Il est donc possible d'utiliser des moyens d'apport de chaleur plus simples que ceux utilisés pour fabriquer un échangeur de chaleur de type brasé, comme par exemple un flux d'air chaud, ne requérant pas de four à atmosphère confinée.It is therefore possible to use simpler heat supply means than those used to manufacture a brazed type heat exchanger, such as for example a hot air flow, not requiring a confined atmosphere furnace.

De plus, les tubes et les ailettes de l'échangeur de chaleur étant réalisés généralement dans un alliage d'aluminium dont la température de fusion est bien supérieure à 300°C, le chauffage du matériau de col matage ne risque pas de provoquer des fusions locales indésirables des tubes et des ailettes ni une altération de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques par action thermique.In addition, the tubes and fins of the heat exchanger being made generally in an aluminum alloy whose melting temperature is well above 300 ° C, the heating of the caulking material does not risk causing unwanted local fusions of the tubes and fins or an alteration of their mechanical characteristics by thermal action.

La température de chauffage du matériau de colmatage ne remet donc pas en cause la tenue mécanique d'un échangeur de chaleur de type mécanique, dont les tubes sont sertis dans les ailettes, comme pourrait le faire par contre les températures mises en jeu dans les procédés de brasage qui sont de l'ordre de 500°C ou plus.The heating temperature of the sealing material therefore does not affect the mechanical strength of a mechanical heat exchanger, the tubes are crimped in the fins, as could be done against the temperatures involved in the processes brazing which are of the order of 500 ° C or more.

De préférence, le matériau de colmatage est un alliage comprenant essentiellement de l'étain.Preferably, the clogging material is an alloy comprising essentially tin.

Un alliage comportant essentiellement de l'étain présente un point de fusion peu élevé, est peu coûteux et bon conducteur de chaleur. L'usage de cet alliage se prête donc bien à la mise en oeuvre de l'invention.An alloy consisting essentially of tin has a low melting point, is inexpensive and a good conductor of heat. The use of this alloy therefore lends itself well to the implementation of the invention.

De préférence, le collet est formé par un bord tombé de l'ailette.Preferably, the collar is formed by a fallen edge of the fin.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le tube et l'ailette sont réalisés dans un même matériau mono-alliage, par exemple un matériau à alliage comprenant principalement de l'aluminium.According to one embodiment, the tube and the fin are made of the same single-alloy material, for example an alloy material mainly comprising aluminum.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le tube et l'ailette sont chacun réalisés dans deux matériaux différents, chacun de ces matériaux étant néanmoins un matériau à alliage comprenant principalement de l'aluminium.According to another embodiment, the tube and the fin are each made of two different materials, each of these materials nevertheless being an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur comprenant au moins un tube et au moins une ailette, du type dans lequel on relie le tube à l'ailette par sertissage de ce tube dans un collet ménagé dans l'ailette,
caractérisé en ce que

  • préalablement à la liaison du tube à l'ailette, on revêt ce tube ou cette ailette d'une couche d'un matériau distinct de ceux des tube et ailette, cette couche formant une réserve de matériau de colmatage d'un défaut éventuel de contact entre le tube et le collet, ce matériau de colmatage étant activable par fusion, et
  • après la liaison du tube à l'ailette par sertissage de ce tube dans le collet ménagé dans l'ailette, on chauffe le matériau de colmatage de façon à provoquer sa fusion permettant le colmatage d'un défaut éventuel de contact entre le tube et le collet.
The subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube and at least one fin, of the type in which the tube is connected to the fin by crimping this tube in a collar provided in a the fin,
characterized in that
  • prior to the connection of the tube to the fin, this tube or fin is coated with a layer of a material distinct from those of the tube and fin, this layer forming a reserve of sealing material for a possible contact defect between the tube and the collar, this sealing material being activatable by fusion, and
  • after bonding the tube to the vane by crimping this tube in the collar formed in the vane, the sealing material is heated so as to cause its fusion allowing the clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube and the collar.

Le matériau de colmatage en fusion comble facilement les interstices formant des défauts de contact entre le tube et le collet.The melt sealing material easily fills the gaps forming contact defects between the tube and the collar.

Par ailleurs, il n'est pas nécessaire de placer les tubes et les ailettes dans un support commun destiné à les maintenir entre eux avant chauffage, car le matériau de colmatage est chauffé après la liaison des tubes aux ailettes par sertissage de ces tubes dans les collets ménagés dans les ailettes.Moreover, it is not necessary to place the tubes and the fins in a common support intended to hold them together before heating, because the clogging material is heated after the connection of the tubes to the fins by crimping these tubes in the collars formed in the fins.

De préférence, on chauffe le matériau de colmatage de façon à provoquer sa fusion au moyen d'un flux d'air chaud.Preferably, the sealing material is heated to cause melting by means of a hot air flow.

De préférence, pour relier le tube à l'ailette,

  • on enfile le tube dans un trou de l'ailette destiné à former le collet, et
  • on provoque une expansion radiale du tube, de préférence en passant un outil d'expansion à l'intérieur de ce tube, de façon à lier mécaniquement le tube et l'ailette par sertissage, le collet étant serré autour du tube.
Preferably, to connect the tube to the fin,
  • the tube is threaded into a hole in the fin intended to form the collar, and
  • it causes a radial expansion of the tube, preferably by passing an expansion tool inside the tube, so as to mechanically bind the tube and fin by crimping, the collar being clamped around the tube.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail selon la flèche II de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a detail view along arrow II of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of the figure 2 .

On a représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 un échangeur de chaleur selon invention désigné par la référence générale 10.We have shown on Figures 1 to 3 a heat exchanger according to the invention designated by the general reference 10.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 est destiné à équiper un véhicule automobile.The heat exchanger 10 is intended to equip a motor vehicle.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 comprend des tubes 12, dans lesquels un fluide caloporteur classique est destiné à circuler, et des éléments d'échange de chaleur 14 reliée à ces tubes 12.The heat exchanger 10 comprises tubes 12, in which a conventional heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate, and heat exchange elements 14 connected to these tubes 12.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 est de type mécanique. Plus particulièrement, les tubes 12 sont reliés aux éléments d'échange de chaleur, appelés dans ce cas ailettes 14, par sertissage des tubes 12 dans des collets 16 ménagés dans les ailettes 14. On appelle sertissage ici l'enchâssement des tubes dans les ailettes tel que décrit précédemment de sorte que les tubes se retrouvent serrés dans les ailettes au niveau des ailettes.The heat exchanger 10 is of the mechanical type. More particularly, the tubes 12 are connected to the heat exchange elements, referred to in this case as fins 14, by crimping the tubes 12 in flanges 16 formed in the fins 14. Crimp here is the embedding of the tubes in the fins as previously described so that the tubes are found tight in the fins at the fins.

En effet, en se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 2 et 3, on voit que les ailettes sont munies de trous 18 de passage des tubes 12. Ces trous de passage 18 sont délimités chacun par un bord tombé formant un col 20.Indeed, with particular reference to figures 2 and 3 it can be seen that the fins are provided with holes 18 through which the tubes 12 pass. These passage holes 18 are each delimited by a fallen edge forming a neck 20.

Dans l'exemple décrit, les tubes 12 ont chacun une forme générale allongée et comportent une section sensiblement ovale. Les tubes 12 sont agencés sensiblement parallèlement entre eux, de façon à former une rangée unique.In the example described, the tubes 12 each have a generally elongated shape and have a substantially oval section. The tubes 12 are arranged substantially parallel to each other, so as to form a single row.

Les ailettes 14 ont une forme générale sensiblement plane et sont agencées dans l'échangeur de chaleur 10 de façon sensiblement parallèle entre elles et perpendiculaire aux directions longitudinales des tubes 12.The fins 14 have a substantially flat general shape and are arranged in the heat exchanger 10 substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal directions of the tubes 12.

Chaque tube 12 est enfilé dans une série de trous 18 alignés des ailettes 14. Les tubes 12 sont serrés dans les cols 20 qu'ils traversent, si bien que ces cols 20 forment les collets 16.Each tube 12 is threaded into a series of holes 18 aligned with the fins 14. The tubes 12 are clamped in the necks 20 through which they pass, so that these necks 20 form the collars 16.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les tubes 12 et les ailettes 14 sont réalisés dans un même matériau mono-alliage, plus particulièrement un matériau à alliage comprenant principalement de l'aluminium.In the example shown, the tubes 12 and the fins 14 are made of the same mono-alloy material, more particularly an alloy material comprising mainly aluminum.

Dans cet exemple, chaque tube 12 est revêtu d'une couche de matériau 22 distinct des matériaux des tubes et des ailettes. Pour des raisons de clarté, on a représenté cette couche de matériau 22 sur un seul des tubes 12 de la figure 1. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, ce sont les ailettes qui sont revêtues d'une couche de matériau 22 distinct des matériaux des tubes et des ailettes. Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation, les tubes et les ailettes sont revêtues d'une couche de matériau 22 distinct des matériaux des tubes et des ailettes.In this example, each tube 12 is coated with a layer of material 22 separate from the materials of the tubes and fins. For the sake of clarity, this layer of material 22 is represented on only one of the tubes 12 of the figure 1 . According to another embodiment, it is the fins which are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins. According to yet another embodiment, the tubes and the fins are coated with a layer of material 22 distinct from the materials of the tubes and fins.

De préférence, l'épaisseur de cette couche de matériau 22 est inférieure à 50 micromètres. Cette couche 22 forme une réserve de matériau de colmatage 22 d'un défaut éventuel de contact entre le tube 12 qu'elle recouvre et chaque collet 16 traversé par ce tube 12. Ce matériau de colmatage 22 est activable par fusion. De préférence, le matériau de colmatage 22 à une température de fusion inférieure à 300° C. Ainsi, le matériau de colmatage 22 est par exemple un alliage comprenant essentiellement de l'étain.Preferably, the thickness of this layer of material 22 is less than 50 micrometers. This layer 22 forms a reserve of clogging material 22 of a possible fault of contact between the tube 12 that it covers and each collar 16 through which the tube 12. This sealing material 22 is melt-activatable. Preferably, the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature of less than 300 ° C. Thus, the clogging material 22 is for example an alloy comprising essentially tin.

En effet, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, dans certains cas, après sertissage d'un tube 12 dans un collet 16, il existe un défaut de contact entre le tube 12 et le collet 16 qu'il traverse. Ainsi, sur la figure 2, on a représenté des interstices 24 correspondant à un défaut de contact entre le tube 12 et le collet 16 qu'il entoure.Indeed, as we can see on the figure 2 in some cases, after crimping a tube 12 in a collar 16, there is a contact fault between the tube 12 and the collar 16 through which it passes. So, on the figure 2 Interstices 24 are shown corresponding to a defect of contact between the tube 12 and the collar 16 which it surrounds.

Lorsque le matériau de colmatage 22 est activé par fusion, il s'écoule, par capillarité, dans les interstices 24 et les bouche. Ainsi, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, le matériau de colmatage 22 colmate les interstices 24 de façon à assurer une jonction thermique de qualité entre le tube 12 et le collet 16.When the clogging material 22 is activated by melting, it flows, by capillarity, into the interstices 24 and the mouth. So, as we can see on the figure 2 , the sealing material 22 closes the interstices 24 so as to ensure a quality thermal connection between the tube 12 and the collar 16.

Le comblement des interstices peut s'observer au microscope optique. Le fait que le matériau de colmatage 22 comblant les interstices 24 résulte d'une solidification de ce matériau après fusion peut être observé par micrographie, la fusion ayant modifié sa microstructure.The filling of the interstices can be observed under an optical microscope. The fact that the sealing material 22 filling the interstices 24 results from solidification of this material after melting can be observed by micrography, the melting having modified its microstructure.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 selon invention est simple à fabriquer car il reprend l'essentiel des étapes d'un procédé de fabrication classique d'un échangeur de type mécanique.The heat exchanger 10 according to the invention is simple to manufacture because it takes up most of the steps of a conventional manufacturing process of a mechanical type exchanger.

Préalablement à la liaison de chaque tube 12 aux ailettes 14, on revêt ce tube 12 d'une couche de matériau de colmatage 22.Prior to the connection of each tube 12 to the fins 14, this tube 12 is coated with a layer of clogging material 22.

La couche de matériau de colmatage 22 peut être appliquée sur toute la surface externe du tube ou sur seulement une partie de celle-ci. De même dans les modes de réalisation où les ailettes sont revêtues d'une couche de matériau, la couche de matériau de colmatage 22 peut être appliquée sur toute la surface de l'ailette ou sur seulement une partie de celle-ci.The clogging material layer 22 may be applied over the entire outer surface of the tube or only a portion thereof. Similarly, in the modes of wherein the fins are coated with a layer of material, the layer of clogging material 22 may be applied over the entire surface of the fin or only a portion thereof.

Pour relier chaque tube 12 aux ailettes 14, on enfile d'abord le tube 12 dans les trous de passage 18 alignés des ailettes 14.To connect each tube 12 to the fins 14, the tube 12 is first inserted into the aligned through holes 18 of the fins 14.

Puis, on provoque une expansion radiale du tube 12, de préférence en passant un outil d'expansion à l'intérieur de ce tube 12, de façon à lier mécaniquement le tube 12 aux ailettes 14 par sertissage. Les collets 16 traversés par les tubes sont alors serrés autour du tube.Then, it causes a radial expansion of the tube 12, preferably by passing an expansion tool inside the tube 12, so as to mechanically bind the tube 12 to the fins 14 by crimping. The collars 16 crossed by the tubes are then clamped around the tube.

Après la liaison du tube 12 aux ailettes 14 par sertissage de ce tube 12 dans les collets 16 ménagés dans les ailettes 14, on chauffe le matériau de colmatage 22 de façon à provoquer sa fusion et le colmatage d'un défaut éventuel de contact entre le tube 12 et chaque collet 16.After the connection of the tube 12 to the fins 14 by crimping this tube 12 in the collars 16 formed in the fins 14, the sealing material 22 is heated so as to cause its fusion and the clogging of a possible defect of contact between the tube 12 and each collar 16.

Lorsque le matériau de colmatage 22 a une température de fusion inférieure à 300°C, il est généralement possible de réaliser l'étape de chauffage au moyen d'un flux d'air chaud, qui suffit à provoquer la fusion du matériau de colmatage 22.When the sealing material 22 has a melting temperature below 300 ° C, it is generally possible to carry out the heating step by means of a hot air flow, which is sufficient to cause the sealing material 22 to melt. .

Ce mode de chauffage présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter une installation coûteuse ou complexe. De plus, il ne remet pas en cause la rigidité de la structure de l'échangeur de chaleur 10, ce qui évite l'utilisation de moyens de support pour les tubes 12 et les ailettes 14.This heating mode has the advantage of not requiring an expensive or complex installation. In addition, it does not call into question the rigidity of the structure of the heat exchanger 10, which avoids the use of support means for the tubes 12 and the fins 14.

Claims (9)

  1. Heat exchanger comprising at least one tube (12) and at least one fin (14), the tube (12) being connected to the fin by crimping this tube in a collar (16) formed in the fin (14), characterized in that the tube and/or the fin are or is coated with a layer of a material (22) distinct from those of the tube and fin, this layer forming a reserve of sealing material (22) for sealing a potential contact defect between the tube (12) and the collar (16), this sealing material being activatable by melting.
  2. Heat exchanger according to Claim 1, in which the thickness of the layer of sealing material (22) is less than 50 micrometres.
  3. Heat exchanger according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the sealing material (22) has a melting temperature of less than 300°C.
  4. Heat exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the sealing material (22) is an alloy essentially comprising tin.
  5. Heat exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the collar (16) is formed by a flanged edge of the fin (14).
  6. Heat exchanger according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the tube (12) and the fin (14) are produced from one and the same mono-alloy material, for example an alloy material mainly comprising aluminium.
  7. Method for producing a heat exchanger comprising at least one tube (12) and at least one fin (14), of the type in which the tube (12) is connected to the fin (14) by crimping this tube (12) in a collar (16) formed in the fin (14),
    characterized in that
    - prior to connecting the tube (12) to the fin (14), this tube (12) and/or this fin (14) are or is coated with a layer of material (22) distinct from those of the tube (12) and fin (14), this layer forming a reservoir of sealing material (22) for sealing a potential contact defect between the tube (12) and the collar (16), this sealing material being activatable by melting, and
    - after connecting the tube (12) to the fin (14) by crimping this tube (12) in the collar (16) formed in the fin (14), the sealing material (22) is heated so as to bring about melting thereof, allowing sealing of a potential contact defect between the tube (12) and the collar (16).
  8. Method for producing a heat exchanger according to Claim 7, in which the sealing material (22) is heated so as to bring about melting thereof by means of a flow of hot air.
  9. Method for producing a heat exchanger according to Claim 7 or 8, in which, in order to connect the tube (12) to the fin (14)
    - the tube is fitted into a hole (18) of the fin intended to form the collar (16), and
    - the tube (12) is caused to undergo a radial expansion, preferably by passing an expansion tool within this tube (12) so as to mechanically connect the tube and the fin by crimping, the collar (16) being clamped around the tube (12).
EP16700929.9A 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Improved heat exchanger with tubes and fins and method for producing such a heat exchanger Active EP3247965B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550415A FR3031804B1 (en) 2015-01-19 2015-01-19 IMPROVED HEAT EXCHANGER WITH TUBES AND FINS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A HEAT EXCHANGER
PCT/EP2016/051041 WO2016116464A1 (en) 2015-01-19 2016-01-19 Improved heat exchanger with tubes and fins and method for producing such a heat exchanger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3247965A1 EP3247965A1 (en) 2017-11-29
EP3247965B1 true EP3247965B1 (en) 2019-05-01

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ID=52807984

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Link
EP (1) EP3247965B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3031804B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016116464A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4520774B2 (en) * 2003-12-15 2010-08-11 臼井国際産業株式会社 Heat exchanger
US20060108104A1 (en) * 2004-11-24 2006-05-25 Jia-Hao Li Heat-dissipating fin set in combination with thermal pipe
US20130014917A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Tsung-Hsien Huang Heat pipe-attached heat sink with bottom radiation fins

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3031804A1 (en) 2016-07-22
FR3031804B1 (en) 2018-07-27
WO2016116464A1 (en) 2016-07-28
EP3247965A1 (en) 2017-11-29

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