EP3241589A2 - Fire or smoke protection device, in particular conveyor system closure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire or smoke protection device (10), in particular Förderanlagenabschluss, with a foreclosure element (28), the intumescent material (32) and a heat source (34) which is arranged for heating the intumescent material (32). According to the invention, it is provided that the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34) are surrounded by a refractory shell (30).

Description

The invention relates to a fire or smoke protection device, in particular a Förderanlagenabschluss, with a foreclosure element comprising (a) intumescent material and (b) a heat source, which is arranged for heating the intumescent material.

Such fire and smoke protection devices are known in the form of Förderanlagenabschlüssen, for example, the Förderanlagenabschlusses type cuff of Stöbich fire protection GmbH. This system is used to close an opening through which a conveyor system passes, and has a block of intumescent material in which a heat source in the form of a thermite detonator is embedded. In case of fire, the thermite igniter is ignited, which leads to swelling of the intumescent material. As a result, the opening is closed and prevents the spread of fire.

Such systems have proven themselves. However, it is desirable to further reduce the time between the initiation of the fire or smoke protection device and the complete closing of the opening.

The invention is based on the object to reduce disadvantages in the prior art.

The invention solves the problem by a generic fire or smoke protection device in which the intumescent material and the heat source are surrounded by a refractory shell. In its most general form, the invention solves the problem by a fire or smoke protection device, in particular a conveyor termination having a partition member comprising (a) intumescent material and (b) a swelling means arranged to intumesce the intumescent material, wherein (c) the intumescent material and the swelling agent are surrounded by a refractory shell. Preferably, the swelling agent is a heat source arranged to heat the intumescent material.

An advantage of such a fire or smoke protection device is that the intumescent material and the heat source can be mixed together, which represents a preferred embodiment and causes the intumescent material can be brought very quickly swollen state. The closing time, ie the time between the activation of the heat source and the closing of the opening, can thus be minimized.

It is also advantageous that the heat source can be isolated by the shell relative to the environment. It can be ruled out that material outside the shell can be ignited by the heat source. Although it is unlikely even in fire or smoke protection devices according to the prior art that the heat source itself causes the fire or promotes its spread, but the risk can not be ruled out, at least theoretically. On the other hand, a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention can be constructed in such a way that it is precluded that the heat source ignites surrounding material.

In the context of the present description, the fire or smoke protection device is understood in particular to mean a device which is designed to prevent or hinder the propagation of a fire through an opening in a component which is itself fire-resistant and / or fire-retardant. In particular, the fire or smoke protection device is designed to withstand a fire for at least 30 minutes, in particular at least 60 minutes, preferably for at least 90 minutes. This test is especially after DIN EN 1634-1 (as of 1.5.2016). A fire or smoke protection device therefore differs fundamentally from devices that are only suitable for closing openings. The fire or smoke protection device is preferably designed for reversible, in particular repeated, closing and opening. In other words, the fire or smoke protection device can be closed and opened several times.

For example, the fire or smoke protection device is a conveyor system termination. A conveyor system is a device by means of which a conveyor system, which runs through an opening, for example in a wall, can be sealed in case of fire so that the fire can not propagate along the conveyor system. According to the invention is also a fire or smoke protection device in the form of a Förderanlagenabschlusses with (a) an opening for a conveyor and (b) at least one foreclosure element, the (i) intumescent material, (ii) a heat source, which is arranged to heat the intumescent material , (iii) a refractory shell surrounding the intumescent material and the heat source, and (iv) formed to close the opening.

However, the fire or smoke protection device can also be designed, for example, for closing a door.

Intumescent material is understood as meaning a material that expands greatly, in particular by the action of heat and / or an acid, in particular by a factor of five or more. It is possible, but not necessary, for the intumescent material to be designed for flameless intumescent. This is the case with sucrose, for example, when an acid is used as the swelling agent. Intumescent material is understood as meaning, in particular, heat-swelling material, for example expanded graphite or expanded mica.

The heat source is understood to mean a device which can be activated and, in the activated state, releases so much heat that the intumescent material swells. The heat can be generated, for example, electrically or by chemical reaction. When the heat source for generating the heat is formed by chemical reaction, the heat source may also be referred to as a heat generating material.

The refractory sheath is understood in particular to mean a sheath which prevents intumescent material and / or the heat source from passing through it. However, it is possible and provided according to a preferred embodiment, that the refractory shell is gas-permeable. Preferably, the shell acts in this case as a flame barrier. It is possible, and represents a preferred embodiment, that the envelope surrounds the intumescent material and the heat source so that gases emitted by the heat source can only pass through the envelope into an environment.

All percentages are by weight, unless otherwise stated in the context.

The shell is designed so that the heat generated by the heat source does not cause it to lose its enveloping effect. In particular, the refractory shell is designed so that it withstands a fire for at least 30 minutes, in particular at least 60 minutes.

It is particularly favorable if the refractory casing is flexible. For example, the refractory shell comprises a fire protection textile. A fire protection textile is understood to mean, in particular, a fabric, scrim or knit which is non-flammable and withstands temperature stresses for a sufficient time to prevent the passage of flames and / or smoke for at least 30 minutes in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2 and 3 and / or DIN EN 12101-1 as of 1.1.2016. It is possible the refractory shell of one, two, three or more flat Brandschutztextil pieces by joining, in particular sewing, produce. Such fire protection textiles belong to the prior art and are therefore no longer described. An advantage of the use of fire protection textiles is the low production costs. Thus, it is possible to produce the fire protection element from one, two, three or more flat fire protection textile pieces by joining, in particular sewing. Alternatively, the refractory shell may be dimensionally stable. By this is meant that the shell carries its own weight without plastic deformation.

In particular, the partitioning element from a rest arrangement in which it is normally, ie when there is no fire alarm, are brought by activating the heat source in a foreclosure arrangement in which the partitioning element occupies a much larger volume and the spread of a Prevent or prevent brands. In the rest arrangement, the refractory shell, for example, folded, gathered or otherwise available volume reduced. It is possible, but not necessary, for the shell itself to expand.

According to a preferred embodiment, the intumescent material comprises at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, expandable graphite. This ensures that the opening is securely closed. Preferably, the intumescent material comprises at most 30% expanded graphite. This allows the mixture to ignite well. Expanded graphite expands particularly strongly on heating, so that a comparatively small mass of expandable graphite is sufficient to close an opening of a given size. Alternatively or additionally, the intumescent material may contain expanded mica.

Preferably, the heat source comprises combustible material and an oxidizing agent. The heat source may then develop high temperatures which ignite the intumescent material by igniting this reactive mixture of combustible material and oxidizer. The heat source may alternatively or additionally comprise an electric heater.

According to the invention, a fire or smoke protection device, in particular a Förderanlagenabschluss, with a foreclosure element comprising (a) intumescent material and (b) a heat source, which is arranged for heating the intumescent material, wherein the heat source comprises combustible material and an oxidizing agent , The preferred embodiments mentioned above and below also relate to this invention. Favorable, although dispensable, is when such a fire or smoke protection device has a refractory shell surrounding the intumescent material and the heat source. The oxidizing agent is preferably solid, in particular granular, or pasty or liquid. The oxidizing agent may be embedded in a matrix containing combustible material.

The oxidizing agent preferably comprises a nitrate, for example an alkali metal nitrate such as potassium nitrate, and / or a permanganate, for example potassium permanganate.

The combustible material preferably comprises an organic oxygen-containing substance, for example ascorbic acid or a sugar.

According to a preferred embodiment, the heat source comprises a catalyst which catalyzes the chemical reaction of the combustible material with the oxidizing agent. This catalyst contains, for example, iron oxide, in particular iron (III) oxide.

Preferably, the heat source comprises a flame retardant. This is understood to mean a substance which inhibits the formation of flames. For example, the flame retardant comprises aluminum hydroxide. The flame retardant reduces or suppresses flame formation, reducing the risk of the heat source itself causing a fire.

It is advantageous if the intumescent material and the heat source are mixed to form an intumescent material, which is preferably pasty or dimensionally stable. A material is dimensionally stable when it carries its own weight without plastic deformation.

The puffing material is preferably designed to have a volume of at least 10 times, in particular 20 times, the volume before expansion after expansion.

Preferably, the fire or smoke protection device comprises a firing composition which contains at most 2% of intumescent material and is preferably non-intumescent. The ignition compound is understood as meaning a material that develops such a high temperature that the heat source ignites safely. The ignition compound is preferably arranged with thermal contact to the blown material, but not mixed with this. The ignition compound ensures a reliable ignition of the blown material.

The ignition composition preferably comprises an oxidizing agent, in particular a nitrate or permanganate, and a fuel, preferably in the form of an oxygen-containing organic substance. It is beneficial if this substance also acts as a binder. Preferably, the fuel comprises sugar and / or at least one polyol, in particular an alditol. Sorbitol has proven to be suitable. In addition, the ignition composition preferably comprises a catalyst for accelerating the combustion, for example iron oxide, in particular iron (III) oxide.

It is particularly favorable if the oxidizing agent is at least partially formed as granules. Alternatively or additionally, the combustible material is formed as granules and / or as a paste and / or as a matrix material in which the oxidizing agent is incorporated. Alternatively or additionally, the flammable Material and the oxidizing agent at least partially mixed together and form a dimensionally stable block. This results in a large contact surface between combustible material and oxidant. The turn leads to a high reaction rate and thus to a swelling of the intumescent material. A fire or smoke protection device, in particular a conveyor termination, having a foreclosure element comprising intumescent material and a heat source arranged to heat the intumescent material, the heat source comprising combustible material and an oxidant, and wherein the combustible material and the oxidant at least partially formed as granules and / or as a paste and / or are mixed together and form a dimensionally stable block is an independent subject of the invention.

This fire or smoke protection device may according to a preferred embodiment have a refractory shell surrounding the intumescent material and the heat source, but this is not necessary.

A granulate is understood in particular to mean the entirety of particles. The granules may be granular and / or powdery. For a powdered granule, the equivalent diameter of the particles is 0.2 mm to at most 25 mm. The equivalent diameter of a particle is the diameter of that sphere of the same material that falls as fast as the particle in air at standard ISO conditions. For powdered granules, the equivalent diameter is less than 0.2 mm. Granules, which are granular and powdery, consist of particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 25 mm.

A paste is understood as meaning a liquid-solid mixture which has a dynamic viscosity of at least 10 poise, in particular at least 100 poise, at 23 ° C. and 1013 hPa.

A dimensionally stable block is understood to mean an object of any shape that retains its shape under its own weight.

Under the feature that the combustible material and the oxidizing agent are at least partially formed as granules, is understood in particular that at least 50%, in particular at least 75% of the total of combustible material and oxidant as, in particular granular and / or powdery granules is present. It is particularly advantageous if the combustible material is granular. Preferably, the combustible material is powdery. This results in a high reaction rate, which does not lead to a deflagration.

It is possible, but not necessary, for the combustible material and the oxidizing agent to each be separate granules mixed together. It is also possible for the combustible material and the oxidizing agent to be mixed with one another and to be present together in particles which form granules, in particular granular and / or pulverulent. In this case, the contact between oxidant and combustible material is particularly intimate. Examples of the combustible material are metal, in particular metal wool, and organic material, for example cellulosic substances such as wood.

It is favorable if at least a part of the combustible material, for example at least 20%, has an aspect ratio of at least 10. The aspect ratio is the quotient of the longest extent on the one hand and the larger of the two dimensions perpendicular to this direction of expansion on the other. If the heat sources are not rod-shaped, for example in the case of wood wool, the aspect ratio refers to the stretched arrangement of the material. A high aspect ratio has the advantage that the flame front can be quickly carried far into the intumescent material. It is particularly favorable if the combustible material is at least partially strand-shaped, for example in the form of wood wool and / or Steel wool.

Preferably, the heat source is designed for burning without detonation. In particular, the heat source is designed so that it has an expansion time of at least 2 seconds, in particular at least 5 seconds. The expansion time is the time that elapses after activation of the heat source until the intumescent material has 80% of the maximum volume after complete swelling.

If the heat source is formed from combustible material or oxidizing agent, a mixture of oxidizing agent and combustible material with known equivalent diameters is first carried out, for example, in preliminary experiments. If it is found that the expansion time is too low, an oxidant and / or larger equivalent diameter combustible material is used to produce the heat source and the equivalent diameter is increased until the above requirement is met.

It is advantageous if the heat source is designed such that the expansion time is at most 60 seconds, in particular at most 30 seconds. As described above, preliminary tests can be carried out to form the heat source so that the requirement is met. If it turns out that the expansion time is too long, the particle size of the combustible material and / or the oxidizing agent is gradually reduced until the above requirement is met.

It is particularly favorable if the heat source is pasty. In this case, the heat front spreads very quickly and safely through the heat source. Preferably, the heat source is storage stable, that is, that it can be stored for a long time, without, for example, comes to demixing of combustible material and oxidant.

For example, the heat source may contain a binder which binds together, in particular adheres, the oxidizing agent and the combustible material. Preferably, the binder comprises wax, sugar and / or at least one polyol, in particular an alditol. Sorbitol has proven to be suitable.

It is advantageous if the shell is permeable to gas and acts as a flame barrier. In this case, the pores in the shell are so small and the shell so thick that a flame can not penetrate from the inside of the shell to the outside. This can be achieved for example by a layer of fleece, for example glass wool or rock wool. Alternatively or additionally, the partitioning element may have a drain valve. Through this drain valve gas can escape, so that the pressure in the shell does not exceed a predetermined maximum pressure of, for example, a bar overpressure.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shell has openings. In other words, the sheath is not completely closed, but has, for example, at least one opening with a clear cross-section of at least 10 millimeters. In particular, in the case of a relatively gastight embodiment of the casing material, this makes it possible for the hot reaction gases to escape at harmless points through the design of the casing. For example, the shell has a slot, in particular it is sufficient not to sew the shell at a suitable location or to dispense entirely on a wall.

Preferably, the shell comprises a heat absorption material which reacts above an activation temperature while absorbing heat and in particular emits water vapor. Preferably, the activation temperature is less than 200 °, in particular less than 250 °. In question, for example, gypsum, the two activation temperatures, namely at 147 ° C and 131 ° C, has. Such heat-absorbing material in the shell has the advantage that the temperature on the outside of the shell does not appreciably affect the activation temperature can exceed, since it comes to heat absorption by the heat absorbing material before. As a result, it can be ruled out that the ignition temperature of objects outside the envelope can be exceeded.

The activation temperature is understood in particular to be the smallest temperature for which, after one hour at this temperature, more than 90% by mass of the cooling material has reacted with heat absorption. It is advantageous if the cooling material above the activation temperature, for example, by the release of water of crystallization and / or by the elimination of water reacts. Water has a high heat of vaporization, so much heat is consumed during evaporation.

The heat absorption material can be material which releases water when the activation temperature is exceeded. It can be mineral-bound water, in particular water of crystallization, and / or absorbed water, as exists, for example, in a superabsorber. The heat-absorbing material may also be a material that reacts endothermically chemically.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shell comprises intumescent material. This is preferably arranged so that it swells by the heat generated by the heat source and forms a coating on and / or in the shell. This covering increases the sealing effect that the partitioning element has on the opening.

Preferably, the refractory sheath comprises a knitted fabric, in particular a wire mesh. It is favorable if the knitted fabric is constructed of a refractory yarn and / or has at least 80% of its surface a mesh size of at least 5 millimeters and / or of at most 10 millimeters. As a result, the sleeve can be made both elastically deformable and porous despite the use of refractory and usually non-elastic yarn materials.

The elasticity has a favorable effect on the tear strength of the casing, in particular in the seam area, and on its sealing properties in relation to complicated geometries with undercuts.

The mesh size is preferably selected to permit partial leakage of the intumescent material beyond the surface of the sheath, thereby providing even better sealing in the smallest remaining spaces, similar to that achieved with an intumescent outer coating of the sheath. It is advantageous if the fire or smoke protection device has an ignition device for igniting the heat source.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is an electric ignition device. Such an ignition device can easily be triggered from a great distance, for example from a fire alarm panel. For example, the ignition device comprises a coil, which is permanently traversed by a current and connected in such a way, for example by means of diodes, that the current collapsing in the coil causes a voltage pulse during a power interruption, which heats up a heating element so strongly that the mixture of combustible Material and oxidant is ignited directly or indirectly. Alternatively or in addition to a coil, the ignition device may have a capacitor which is connected so that the heat source can be ignited directly or indirectly by means of its stored electrical energy. Preferably, the ignition device has an ignition element, for example in the form of a bridge igniter, which heats up when flowing through an electric current.

Alternatively or additionally, the fire or smoke protection device has a thermally activated ignition device, which is designed to ignite the heat source when a triggering temperature is exceeded. For example, the ignition device comprises an oxidizing agent and an oxidizable substance which is separated from the oxidizing agent by a barrier when passing the triggering temperature becomes permeable. For example, the oxidizable substance is liquid. It is then possible for the oxidizable substance to be enclosed, for example, in a wax capsule which melts when the triggering temperature is exceeded. The triggering temperature is preferably above 50 ° C and / or below 100 ° C.

The oxidizable material, which is, for example, a polyol, for example, glycol, then flows to the oxidizing agent, which may be potassium permanganate. There is a strong exothermic reaction which ignites the ignition compound (if any) or the ejection material (if any) or the heat source.

Alternatively or additionally, the ignition device may comprise a mechanical energy store, for example a spring, which releases mechanical energy through a component failing at the outside temperature, for example a solder element, thereby causing the oxidizing agent and the oxidizable substance to come into contact with each other and react.

Preferably, the shell has at least one bulge. It is advantageous if the volume of the bulge is at least 10%, in particular at least 15%, of the total volume of the shell when the shell is inflated. This volume ratio is determined for example by filling balls with a diameter of one millimeter into the shell. By bulging the foreclosure element in the swollen state can easily fill undercuts, which can be formed by promoted Good.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shell has a barrier chamber and at least one buffer chamber, wherein the intumescent material is arranged such that it is predominantly, in particular at least substantially exclusively, disposed in the intumescent state in the barrier chamber and thus, the resulting gases at least in the buffer chamber stream.

The feature that the intumescent material in the intumescent state is arranged at least substantially exclusively in the barrier chamber is understood in particular to mean that at least 80% of the intumescent material is arranged in the barrier chamber. It is possible, but not desired, that intumescent material also be present in at least one buffer chamber.

The at least one buffer chamber rapidly fills with gas in the event of a fire after ignition of the heat source comprising flammable material or an oxidant when, as provided in a preferred embodiment, a gas is produced in the reaction of the flammable material with the oxidant. Therefore, the buffer chamber expands quickly and therefore fills the opening to be closed by means of the fire or smoke protection device. However, since the at least one buffer chamber is filled only with gas, it offers only a low fire resistance. When intumescent, however, the intumescent material increases significantly and fills the barrier chamber, which also closes the opening. After complete intumescent, the opening is at least partially closed by the barrier chamber. This embodiment is particularly advantageous if the fire or smoke protection device is a conveyor system termination. In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the buffer chamber is arranged in a passage direction of the invention in front of the barrier chamber. Preferably, the fire or smoke protection device has two or more flexible sheaths, each having at least one buffer chamber.

It is also advantageous if the fire or smoke protection device has at least one gas storage, which is connected for fast filling of at least one shell of refractory material for closing the opening with the shell. Thus, the opening smoke-tight very quickly by means of at least one shell be closed. Subsequently, then the intumescent material can be brought in one or more other cases for Intumeszieren, so that the opening is closed with a high fire resistance.

Preferably, the refractory sheath has at least a second buffer chamber, wherein the barrier chamber is disposed between the buffer chambers.

According to one embodiment, the shell has two or more chambers, of which two or more chambers are filled with intumescent material. Thus, it is possible that the material in one chamber is ignited in time for the material in the other chamber. Preferably, the reaction rates of the materials in the two chambers differ from each other.

The invention also solves the problem by a fire or smoke protection device with a swelling body and an activation device, by means of which the swelling body can be brought to swell. The activation device may be a passive activation device, in which only the exceeding of an activation temperature causes it to be activated and the swelling body then swells. For example, the swelling body is designed to swell when in contact with the ambient air. The activation device may then be an airtight shell which fails when it exceeds the triggering temperature, for example melts or softens, and thus becomes permeable to air.

Alternatively or additionally, the activation device is an active activation device that can be activated by electrical activation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fire or smoke protection device comprises a swelling agent source with a swelling liquid, which is arranged to conduct the swelling liquid to the swelling body, wherein the swelling body is formed for swelling when absorbing the swelling agent. The Quellköper is constructed for example of foam or a swellable tissue such as glass fiber terry.

A source body is understood to mean a solid body which increases in volume as a result of the penetration of a fluid, preferably at least by a factor of 10.

It is possible, but not necessary, for the swelling body to be fireproof. It may be sufficient if the swelling body is flame-retardant. According to a preferred embodiment, the fire or smoke protection device, which is preferably a Förderanlagenabschluss, then in addition a foreclosure element with the features described above.

Preferably, the source body is held by a holding device in the compact arrangement, wherein the holding device is designed so that it loses its holding effect in case of fire. For example, the holding device has a failure temperature above which it no longer holds the swelling body in the compact arrangement. For example, the holding device comprises a substance which softens or burns above the failure temperature, for example a polymer. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for a holding device to lose firmness on contact with the swelling liquid. For example, the holding device may comprise paper which, in the presence of the swelling liquid, which may be formed by an aqueous liquid, loses strength so much that the swelling body may swell.

It is also possible that the swelling body contains a fixing substance which keeps it in the compact arrangement. For example, starch can be used as a fixing substance. In contact with an aqueous source liquid, the starch loses its holding effect, so that the swelling body, for example in the form of a sponge, swells due to contact with the swelling liquid.

It is particularly favorable if the swelling liquid is a salt solution of at least one salt. For example, the salt may be a magnesium or potassium salt. Such salts significantly increase the fire resistance of the swelling body. Even if the swelling body - as provided in a preferred embodiment - consists of an organic material, which may also be combustible, supplying a salt solution as a swelling liquid to the fact that the swelling body does not burn even at high temperatures, but only charred. At the same time, his fire protection effect is retained.

It is possible that the source liquid is held in a storage container, which is designed so that it releases the source liquid when a starting temperature is exceeded. For example, the reservoir may be sealed with a seal that fails above a certain temperature. This principle is known from sprinkler systems. Above the starting temperature, the reservoir releases the swelling liquid which reaches the swelling body and causes it to swell.

Preferably, the fire or smoke protection device is purely passive, that is, that no active resistors such as motors or actuators are present. In particular, the fire or smoke protection device is designed so that it manages without internal and / or external power and / or interference source. This passive safety makes the fire or smoke protection device robust and reliable.

It is possible, but not necessary, for the swelling body to be disposed in a shell, preferably a refractory shell, which will withstand fire for at least 30 minutes.

The invention also solves the problem by a fire or smoke protection device, in particular a conveyor system completion, the intumescent A material and a heat source arranged to heat the intumescent material, the heat source comprising combustible material and an oxidant, the fire or smoke protection device having a container having an outlet, the intumescent material and the heat source is arranged for heating the intumescent material, are mixed into one, in particular pasty, Blähmaterial, the blown material is arranged in the container and wherein the container comprises a Ausdrückmasse, the Blähglimmer and heating material for heating the Blähglimmers so that it intumescent, and wherein the Expressing mass for squeezing the puffing material through the outlet after ignition of the heating material is arranged. The following preferred features apply to all inventions set forth in the present description, and the above-mentioned preferred embodiments also apply to this invention.

Preferably, the intumescent material is designed so that it has a density after intumescent, which is at least by a factor of 20, in particular by a factor of 30, smaller than the intumescent fiber material in the non-intumescent state. Preferably, the expressing compound after intumescent has a density that is smaller by at least a factor of 5, in particular a factor of 20, than the density of the expressing compound prior to intumescent. In other words, it is favorable if the density of the expressing mass decreases less during intumescent than the density of the intumescent intumescent material. In particular, the factor which describes the decrease in density after the intumescent is at least twice as great in the case of the blown material as in the case of the expulsion mass.

Such a fire or smoke protection device has the advantage that by igniting the Ausdrückmasse this can also get into small caverns or undercuts, where it then intumescent and so closes the opening to be closed. The fire or smoke protection device is especially favorable when it is designed to close an opening, pass through the several other objects. If the fire or smoke protection device is a conveyor system closure, then, for example, pass through the opening to be closed pipes, conveyors or other complex structures that provide a variety of passages for a fire and / or smoke. Due to the complex geometry, it is difficult to securely close such an opening, but this is ensured by the invention.

The invention is based on the finding that it is favorable to first bring the material on site, which later intumesces. As swelling, the intumescent material swells to form complex structures and thus reliably closes the opening.

By the container is meant a structure suitable for receiving the intumescent material and the heat source. In particular, the container is dimensionally stable and so temperature resistant that it does not fail when igniting the Ausdrückmasse and / or the intumescent material.

It is advantageous if this fire or smoke protection device has a refractory shell, which is designed to receive the expanding intumescent material. In this case, it is possible, but not necessary, for the shell to contain intumescent material only after ignition of the expressing mass.

The Ausdrückmasse and the blown material are preferably arranged relative to each other that the ignited Ausdrückmasse ignites the blown material.

It is favorable if the potting material comprises expanded graphite. Expanded graphite has a particularly large expansion during intumescence.

The blown material preferably comprises 10 to 20% of a fuel, which preferably simultaneously acts as a binder and is, for example, an oxygen-containing organic substance, for example a polyol. In addition, the intumescent material preferably comprises 20 to 40% of an oxidizing agent, for example potassium nitrate, and 40 to 55% of expanded mica, which may also be referred to as vermiculite. The puffing material may comprise a catalyst, for example iron (III) oxide and / or a flame retardant, for example aluminum hydroxide. The volume fractions are chosen to be 100%.

For example, the expressing mass consists of the following components: 15% sorbitol, 30% potassium nitrate, 6% ascorbic acid, 45% expanded mica, 3% aluminum hydroxide and 1% ferric oxide.

It is advantageous if the container contains an ignition compound for igniting the Ausdrückmasse and / or Blähmaterials. In other words, the ignition mass is designed and arranged such that, when ignited, it causes the ejection mass to also ignite.

It is advantageous if the fire or smoke protection device has an ignition device, in particular one which has one or more of the above feature (s). If present, the ignition compound is arranged so that it can be ignited by means of the ignition device.

According to the invention, in particular, a conveyor system termination with (a) an opening for a conveyor system, (b) intumescent material, (c) a heat source, which is arranged for heating the intumescent material, and the combustible material and an oxidizing agent, (d) one A container having an outlet, wherein the intumescent material and the heat source are mixed into a particularly pasty, Blähmaterial disposed in the container, and wherein the container comprises a Ausdrückmasse, the Blähglimmer and heating material for heating the Blähglimmers, so it is intumescent, has, and is arranged to push out the blown material after ignition of the heating material through the outlet into the opening. The preferred features described above in connection with the fire or smoke protection device or conveyor completion are also applicable to this conveyor system termination.

In particular, it is favorable if the conveyor system end has a second partitioning element, the intumescent material, a heat source which is arranged for heating the intumescent material, and a refractory shell which surrounds the intumescent material and the heat source, wherein the second partitioning element for common closure of the opening is arranged and formed together with the first partition element.

In other words, it is possible that a part of the opening is closed by the first partition member, while the remaining opening is closed by the second partition member. This is particularly advantageous when the conveyor system generates several separate areas. In this case, the foreclosure elements can each close the different areas. It is thus possible and represents a preferred embodiment that a partition element for closing the opening in a region below the conveyor system and the other partition element for closing the opening in an area above the conveyor system is arranged.

According to the invention, a building with (i) a first part of the building which forms a first fire section, (ii) a second part of the building which forms a second fire part, (iii) a partition which separates the first part of the building from the second part of the building (iv ) a conveyor system through which an opening leads from the first building part in the second part of the building, and (v) a Förderlagenabschluss invention. The above to a invention Building said here applies accordingly.

The invention also solves the problem by an actuator with (a) a container, (b) an actuator element which is movable relative to the container, and (c) an expulsion mass, the expanding mica and a heating material for heating the expanded mica so that it intumesces, and arranged to move the actuator element relative to the container after igniting the Ausdrückmasse. In this way, an actuator is obtained which moves the actuator element after ignition, without the need for a further supply of energy. It is advantageous if the actuator has an ignition device for igniting the Ausdrückmasse, wherein the ignition device is designed in particular as described above.

Preferably, the actuator comprises a firing mass, the content of intumescent material is at most one fifth of the content of intumescent material of Ausdrückmasse, the actuator preferably having an ignition device for igniting the firing mass and wherein the firing compound is preferably arranged so that they after their ignition Ausdrückmasse ignites.

The invention also solves the problem by an actuator comprising (a) a container, (b) an actuator element which is movable relative to the container, and (c) an expulsion mass comprising an intumescent material and a swelling agent adapted to be intumescent. Let the intumescent material containing. According to a preferred embodiment, the swelling agent is the heating material arranged to heat the intumescent material. Alternatively, the swelling agent is an acid wherein the intumescent material is for intumescent upon contact with the acid.

Preferably, the acid is liquid at 23 ° C and 1013 hPa and a strong acid. This includes, in particular, an acid with a pK _s value of at most 3.75 understood. The acid may, for example, be sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid. The intumescent material is for example a sugar, in particular sucrose.

It is favorable if the acid is enclosed by a capsule which does not react with the acid and which melts above the triggering temperature. For example, the capsule is a wax capsule.

According to the invention is also a fire or smoke protection device, in particular a conveyor system closure, with an actuator according to the invention. It is favorable if the actuator is set up for locking a baseboard in a closed position of the partitioning element.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Brand- oder Rauchschutzvorrichtung in Form eines Förderanlagenabschlusses,

Figur 2

eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines Abschottungselements eines einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 3

eine schematische Ansicht einer Brand- oder Rauchschutzvorrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung und

Figur 4

eine schematische Ansicht einer Öffnung eines Förderanlagenabschlusses, der von Abschottungselementen verschlossen wird.

Figur 5

zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Brand- oder Rauchschutzvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung,

Figur 6

einen erfindungsgemäßen Aktor und

Figur 7

eine Brand- oder Rauchschutzvorrichtung mit einem erfindungsgemäße Aktor.

Figur 8

ist zeigt in den drei Teilfiguren a, b und c jeweils einen horizontalen Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Förderanlagenabschluss in verschiedenen Stadien nach einem Zünden der Wärmequelle,

Figur 9

ist ein horizontaler Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Förderanlagenabschluss gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 10

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Aktors und

Figur 11

ein Abschottungselement einer erfindungsgemäßen Brand- oder Rauchschutzvorrichtung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1

an inventive fire or smoke protection device in the form of a Förderanlagenabschlusses,

FIG. 2

an enlarged view of a partition element of a preferred embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3

a schematic view of a fire or smoke protection device according to a second aspect of the invention and

FIG. 4

a schematic view of an opening of a conveyor system closure, which is closed by foreclosure elements.

FIG. 5

shows a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention according to a further aspect of the invention,

FIG. 6

an actuator according to the invention and

FIG. 7

a fire or smoke protection device with an actuator according to the invention.

FIG. 8

3 shows in the three subfigures a, b and c in each case a horizontal cross section through a conveyor system according to the invention at various stages after ignition of the heat source,

FIG. 9

is a horizontal cross-section through a conveyor system according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 10

a second embodiment of an actuator according to the invention and

FIG. 11

a partitioning element of a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a fire or smoke protection device 10 according to the invention, in the present case in the form of a Förderanlagenabschlusses. The fire or smoke protection device 10 is arranged a building 12 according to the invention, which has a first part of the building 14 and a second part of the building 16. In FIG. 1 is schematically shown the case that in the first part of the building 14 a fire 18 burns. The first building part 14 or the second building part 16 are separated by a partition wall 20, which may consist of stone and / or metal, for example.

The partition wall 20 has an opening 22 through which a conveyor system 24 extends. By means of the conveyor system 24 objects 26.1, 26.2, ..., in the present case in the form of bottles, can be conveyed. The fire or smoke protection device 10 is designed to prevent an overlapping of the fire 18 from the first building part 14 to the second building part 16.

The fire or smoke protection device 10 includes a schematically drawn first partition element 28.1, which has a refractory shell 30.1. The sheath 30.1 surrounds intumescent material 32.1 and a heat source 34.1. The heat source 34.1 consists of combustible material 36, in the present case in the form of wood chips, which is pressed with an oxidizing agent 38.1, for example potassium nitrate to grains 40.1, 40.2, .... The totality of all grains 40 (reference signs without fuffix refer to all corresponding objects) form a granulate.

FIG. 1 also shows that the fire or smoke protection device 10 has a second foreclosure element 28.2, which is identical to the foreclosure element 28.1. It is also possible that the fire or smoke protection device 10 has further foreclosure elements. The partitioning elements 28 are arranged so that after activation of the heat source and the swelling caused thereby closing the opening 22 at least so much that a propagation of the fire 18 through the opening 22 is prevented.

The fire or smoke protection device has an ignition device 42 for igniting the heat sources 34.1, 34.2. The ignition device 42 comprises ignition elements 44.1, 44.2, which have, for example, electrical resistance wires. The ignition elements 44.1, 44.2 are electrically connected to each other by means of an ignition cable 46. If this current is passed through the ignition cable 46, the ignition elements 44 heat and thus ignite the heat source.

For example, the ignition element 44 comprises steel wool as combustible material. Such prepared steel wool ignites quickly when heated and develops such high temperatures that the heat source is activated.

FIG. 2 shows a view of a partition 28 for a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention. It can be seen that the shell 30 has a plurality of bulges 48.1, 48.2, 48.3. The bulges can, as shown by the example of bulge 48.3, have an aspect ratio of more than 2, in particular more than 4. The aspect ratio A is the quotient of the expansion x ₀ and the next largest expansion y ₀ perpendicular thereto. When activating the heat source 34, the bulges 48 are filled, as long as there is sufficient space. The bulges may in particular be arranged so that these sections are filled.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the bulges 48.1, 48.2 of the partition element 28.3, which is shown in the inflated state. It can be seen that the protrusions 48.1, 48.2 protrude into intermediate spaces between the objects 26.1, 26.2 and thus increase the sealing effect.

In the field of FIG. 2 The upper left shows schematically the structure of the shell 30. It comprises a layer 50 of fire protection textile, a nonwoven layer 52 made of glass wool arranged thereon and a further fire protection textile layer 54. Intumescent material 56 and / or a heat absorption material 58, for example in the form of gypsum granules, can be incorporated into the nonwoven layer 52. Alternatively, the shell may consist of only one layer 50 fire protection textile.

It is also possible that the shell 30 comprises a layer of heat-absorbing material bonded by a binder. If a gas is released from the ignited heat source, this flows in the direction R through the shell 30 into the environment. Due to the heat absorption material, the resulting gases are cooled to such an extent that they do not pose a fire hazard to the environment.

The intumescent material 56 may also be disposed on the outside of the sheath 30. This causes the flow of hot gases, such as those that can be produced by the heat source after ignition, to swell the intumescent material.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a partition element 28.1 for a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention. The partition element 28.1 comprises a swelling body 60, which in the present case is formed by a sponge made of cellulose. The swelling body 60 includes a thickness that prevents the swelling body 60 from expanding. Above the source body 60, an activation device 61 is arranged which has a swelling agent source 62 for a swelling liquid in the form of a saline solution. The source liquid contains, for example, per liter 500 g of magnesium chloride and / or 300 g of potassium chloride.

The swelling agent source 62 comprises a reservoir 66 and a trigger 68, which may be formed, for example, like a sprinkler head. Alternatively, the trigger 68 may be formed by a solenoid valve or a component that opens the reservoir 66 at a predetermined activation temperature of, for example, clock = 80 ° C so that the swelling liquid 64 exits and hits the swelling body 60. There dissolves the swelling liquid 64, the starch, so that the swelling body 60 inflates and in the FIG. 3 expanded to the right, as indicated by the arrow P. The opening 22 is thus closed by the swelling body 60.

FIG. 4 shows a fire or smoke protection device 10 according to the invention, which has a swelling agent source 62.2, the source liquid 64 run in the event of fire in the opening 22 or drops. Swelling bodies 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 60.4, 60.5, which are located in the swelling and move in the respective direction of the arrow P, are so further wetted with swelling liquid, so that they expand maximally and closed the opening 22 even under the action of fire heat hold.

FIG. 5 shows a fire or smoke protection device 10 according to the invention in the form of a Förderanlagenabschlusses, comprising a container 70 having an outlet 72. In the container 70 blown material 74 is arranged.

The intumescent material 74 in the present embodiment comprises 23% sorbitol, 46% potassium nitrate, 9% ascorbic acid, 15% expandable graphite, 5% aluminum hydroxide and 2% ferric oxide. For preparation, all components are mixed and heated to 130 °. This melts the sorbitol. Thereafter, the mixture is poured into a mold and cooled. At room temperature, the mass is dimensionally stable.

In the container 70 also a Ausdrückmasse 76 is arranged, which consists in the present embodiment of 15% sorbitol, 30% potassium nitrate, 6% ascorbic acid, 45% expanded mica, 3% aluminum hydroxide and 1% iron (III) oxide. For the preparation, the components are mixed and heated to a temperature of above 115 ° and below 130 °. After mixing, the mixture is placed in a mold and cooled. At room temperature (23 ° C), the mass is rigid. The binder, in the present Drops the sorbitol, prevents segregation of components and improves handling. The potting material 74 is disposed between the puff mass 76 and the outlet 72.

In the container 70, a firing mass 78 is additionally present, which in the present case contains 32% sorbitol, 63% potassium nitrate and 5% iron (III) oxide. The ignition mass 78 is in contact with the ignition element 44, the ignition device 42. The Ausdrückmasse 76 is disposed between the ignition element 44 and the blown material 74.

If the ignition device 42 is actuated, the ignition element 44 ignites the ignition mass 78, which then rapidly generates high temperatures. This in turn ignites the expulsion mass 76, which rapidly generates considerable pressure due to the high level of expanded mica. In addition, the Ausdrückmasse 76 ignites the intumescent material 74. Due to the pressure building up the ignited, but not yet completely intumescent Blähmaterial 74 is pushed out of the outlet 72.

It is possible, but not necessary, for a flexible sheath 30.2 to be present, which is pressed into the blown material 74. Especially in this, in FIG. 5 Case shown, the container 70, the potting material 74, the Ausdrückmasse 76 and the firing compound 78 part of a second partition 28.2.

Especially if, as in FIG. 5 schematically shown, the components in the opening 22 having a plurality of undercuts, but it may also be advantageous if the potting material 74 from the outlet 72 enters directly into the opening 22. The puffing material 74 then reacts predominantly outside the container 70, that is, it intumesces and thus expands into slots, undercuts and small caverns.

FIG. 5 shows, moreover, that the conveyor end also has a foreclosure element 28.1, which is constructed as described above. Thus, the comparatively large part of the opening 22, which has no undercut and is located at the top right in the opening 22, are closed in the event of fire, whereas the small-scale spaces below the conveyor 24 are closed by the intumescent material 74.

FIG. 6 shows an actuator 80 according to the invention, in addition to the container 70 has an actuator element 82, in the present case in the form of a piston rod. The actuator element 82 may, as shown here, run in the container 70 in the form of a piston. The cross-section of the container may be circular, but this is not necessary. On one side of the actuator element 82, the Ausdrückmasse 76 is arranged, which is in contact with the firing mass 78. The ignition mass 78 is attached adjacent to the ignition element 44. If the ignition element 44 is ignited, the ignition mass 78 rapidly generates a high temperature, so that the expulsion mass 76 greatly expands and the actuator element 82 moves relative to the container 70.

FIG. 7 shows a fire or smoke protection device 10 according to the invention in the form of a fire curtain, which has a fire protection element 84 made of fire protection textile, which can be wound onto a winding shaft 86 which is driven by a winding shaft motor 88. A control unit 90 controls the winding shaft motor 88 so that the fire protection element 84 can be brought into a storage position in which it is wound on the winding shaft 86. The fire protection element 84 can also be brought into a closed position in which it closes the opening 22.

A baseboard 92, which is fixed to the bottom of the fire protection element 84, by means of an actuator 80 according to the invention, which is connected via a line 94 to the control unit 90, are locked. For this purpose, the actuator element 82 can be positively connected to the baseboard 92, for example in a Recess 96 are inserted in the baseboard 92. The actuator 80 is connected to the building 12.

As already stated above, the actuator can also be designed to be passive. In this case, instead of the ignition element 44, the actuator 80 comprises an igniter in which, for example, an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent are separated by a thermally unstable barrier, as described above in the introduction to the description.

FIG. 8a shows a horizontal cross section through a fire or smoke protection device 10 according to the invention in the form of a Förderanlagenabschlusses. The cut passes through the opening 22. The conveyor 10 has two foreclosure elements 28.1, 28.2, which are shown in their inactive position. In this position they do not protrude into the opening 22 and can, as shown in the present case, for example, be covered by covers 98.1 and 98.2. In case of fire, the potting material 74.1, 74.2 ignited.

FIG. 8b shows the condition shortly after ignition. It can be seen that the potting material 74 has already expanded somewhat. In addition, gas 100 is formed as a reaction product in the reaction of the blown material. The gas may be, for example, a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The refractory sheath 30.1 comprises a barrier chamber 102.1 into which the intumescent material 74.1 expands. The shell 30. 1 also has a first buffer chamber 104. 1 which is connected to the barrier chamber 102.

On the side facing the buffer chamber 104.1, the barrier chamber 102 has a gas-permeable wall which, however, is permeable to the blown material 74.1. For this reason, the gas 100 flows into the buffer chamber 104.1 and inflates it. This is indicated by the arrows. In addition, the sheath 30.1 has a second buffer chamber 104.2. The barrier chamber 102.1 is between the two buffer chambers 104.1, 104.2 arranged.

FIG. 8c shows the end situation in which the intumescent material 32 is intumescent and foreclosure elements 28.1, 28.2 at least substantially close the opening 22. This is to be understood that the opening 22 is closed so far that the passage of the fire is prevented for at least 30 minutes, in particular at least 60 minutes.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a cross section through a further inventive fire or smoke protection device 10, which in addition to the refractory shell 30.1, in which the intumescent material 32 is disposed, a gas bag 106.1 which is connected to a gas generator 108. The gas bag 106 consists of a fire protection textile, which may have a gas-impermeable layer, for example a plastic or metal foil layer. The gas bag 106 and the gas generator 108 form an airbag system 110. The fire or smoke protection device in the form of a conveyor system termination thus described is an independent invention.

Gas generator 108, like ignition device 42. 1, is connected to control unit 90. In case of fire, the control unit 90 controls the gas generator 108 so that this gas 100 generates, which inflates the airbag 106. In the present embodiment, the fire or smoke protection device 10 also has a second airbag 106.2, which is also filled with gas. In this way, the opening 22 is at least partially closed. At the same time, the control unit 90 controls the igniter 42.1 so that the intumescent material 32 begins to intumesce and spread into the sheath 30.1.

FIG. 9 shows that the fire or smoke protection device may have a second airbag system 110.2, which is constructed identical to the first airbag system 110.1. The gas generator 108.2 is like the ignition device 42.2 connected via a non-indicated line to the control unit 90.

FIG. 10 shows an actuator according to another embodiment, which is an independent subject of the present invention and also a preferred embodiment of an actuator 80 according to the invention. The actuator element 82 is guided in the container 70 and is actuated by the Ausdrückmasse 76 when ignited. In addition to the expressing mass 76, an ignition device 72, which detects the oxidizing agent 38 and an ignition element 44, is formed within the container 70.

The ignition element 44 is formed by a wax capsule, which melts when a triggering temperature of preferably above 50 ° and / or below 100 ° Celsius is exceeded, thereby releasing a liquid. The liquid may be, for example, glycerol or glycol. If this liquid comes into contact with the oxidizing agent 38, which may be, for example, potassium permanganate, the mixture ignites at an external temperature of 20 ° Celsius after about 30 seconds. If an outside temperature permanently exceeds the triggering temperature, the wax melts and the material intumescent by the consequences of the reaction in the ejection mass 76 moves the actuator element 82.

FIG. 11 shows a foreclosure element 28 of a fire or smoke protection device according to the invention, the intumescent material 32, for example in the form of sucrose contains. The partition member 28 also includes a swelling agent 112 in the form of concentrated sulfuric acid contained in a capsule 114. The capsule 114 consists of a material which, when the triggering temperature is exceeded, which is preferably above 50 ° and / or below 100 ° C., loses its strength, so that the swelling agent 112, here in the form of sulfuric acid, with the intumescent material 32 comes into contact. This intumesces the material 32 and expands strongly.

Any resulting gases may escape through a refractory shell 30 surrounding the intumescent material 32 and the swelling agent 112. The refractory shell 30 is also designed so that the swelling agent 112, in the present case (here: the sulfuric acid) can not leave the shell 30 down. However, it is convenient and constitutes a preferred embodiment that the refractory shell 30 has a gas permeable portion 116. For example, the sheath 30 is constructed in the gas-permeable portion 116 of a fire protection textile. Preferably, the portions adjacent to the gas permeable portion 116 with the gas permeable portion 116 form a complete envelope around the intumescent material 32zt, constructed from a fire resistant fabric which additionally has a metal foil layer and / or a plastic layer to achieve acid tightness.

The reaction of the acid with the sugar proceeds without flames. It is therefore excluded that this foreclosure element 28 itself triggers a fire. For example, the partition member 28 contains 50g to 100g of sucrose, for example, 70g of sucrose and 30ml to 60ml of sulfuric acid. It is favorable to work with a surplus of sugar, which means that after complete reaction of the acid there is still unreacted sugar. When, as in the present case, sulfuric acid is used as the swelling agent 112, and when the intumescent material is sucrose, the following reaction equation results in the reaction

C ₁₂ H ₂₂ O ₁₁ + H ₂ SO _{4 -> 11} H ₂ O + ₁₂ C + H ₂ SO ₄

C + ₂ H ₂ SO ₄ -> CO ₂ + ₂ H ₂ SO ₃

It is favorable if the gas-permeable section 116 contains a material which reacts with sulfuric acid to form a salt. For example, the shell in the gas permeable section 116 may contain calcium carbonate or other alkaline compound. This ensures that sulfuric acid particles can not get into the environment. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES: </ b> 10 Fire or smoke protection device 12 building 60 swelling body 14 first part of the building 61 activation device 16 second part of the building 62 Swelling agent source 18 Fire 64 swelling liquid 66 reservoir 20 partition wall 22 opening 68 trigger 24 conveyor system 70 container 26 object 72 outlet 28 foreclosure element 74 expanding material 76 Ausdrückmasse 30 shell 32 intumescent material 78 Zündmasse 34 heat source 80 actuator 36 combustible material 82 actuator 38 oxidant 84 Fire protection element 86 winding shaft 40 grain 42 detonator 88 Winding shaft motor 44 igniter 90 control unit 46 ignition cable 92 baseboard 48 bulge 94 management 96 recess 50 Fire protection textile layer 52 nonwoven layer 98 cover 54 Fire protection textile layer 100 gas 56 intumescent material 102 Barrier chamber 58 Heat sink material 104 Buffer chamber 106 airbag 108 gas generator 110 Airbag system 112 swelling agent 114 capsule 116 gas permeable section A aspect ratio x0 expansion y0 expansion P arrow

Claims (20)

Fire or smoke protection device (10), in particular conveyor system closure, with a foreclosure element (28), the (a) intumescent material (32) and (b) a heat source (34) arranged to heat the intumescent material (32), characterized in that (C) the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34) by a refractory shell (30) are surrounded. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the heat source (34) comprises combustible material (36) and an oxidizing agent (38). Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that
the combustible material (36) and the oxidizing agent (38) are at least partially formed as granules. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the combustible material (36) at least partially has an aspect ratio (A) of at least 10. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (30) - Has at least one bulge (48) and / or - A barrier chamber (102) and at least one buffer chamber (104), and that
the intumescent material (32) is arranged so that it is at least partially disposed in the intumescent state in the barrier chamber (102) and that the resulting gases (100) flow into the buffer chamber (104). Conveyor system completion with (A) an opening (22) for a conveyor system (24) and (B) at least one foreclosure element (28), the (i) intumescent material (32), (ii) a heat source (34) arranged to heat the intumescent material (32), and (iii) a refractory shell (30) surrounding the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34), and (iv) which is adapted to close the opening (22). Conveyor closure according to claim 6, characterized in that the refractory shell (30) has a barrier chamber (102) and at least one buffer chamber (104),
the intumescent material (32) is arranged so that in the intumescent state it is predominantly arranged in the barrier chamber (102) and that gases which arise (100) flow into the buffer chamber (104), and the buffer chamber (104) a passage direction (D) of the opening (22) in front of the barrier chamber (102) is arranged. Conveyor system according to claim 6 or 7, with at least one second partition element (28), the intumescent material (32),
a heat source (34) arranged to heat the intumescent material (32) and
a refractory sheath (30) surrounding the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34) - Wherein the first foreclosure element (28) and the at least one second partition element (28) for jointly closing the opening (22) are formed by ignition. Building (12) with (i) a first building part (14) forming a first fire compartment, (ii) a second building part (16) forming a second fire compartment, (iii) a partition wall (20) separating the first building part (14) from the second building part (16), (iv) a conveyor system (24) through which an opening (22) leads from the first building part (14) into the second building part (16), and (v) a conveyor system according to one of claims 6 or 8. Fire or smoke protection device (10) with (a) a swelling body (60) held in a compact arrangement, and (B) an activation device (61) by means of which the swelling body (60) can be brought to swell. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to claim 10, characterized by a source fluid source (62) for a source fluid (64) arranged to direct the source fluid (64) to the source body (60), - Wherein the swelling body (60) is formed for swelling when absorbing the swelling liquid (64). Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized in that the swelling liquid (64) is a saline solution of at least one salt. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to claim 10 or 12,
characterized in that the swelling body (60) is held in the compact arrangement by means of a thermoplastic film. Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 5, characterized in that (a) the fire or smoke protection device comprises a container (70) having an outlet (72), (b) the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34), which is arranged to heat the intumescent material (32), are mixed to form a, in particular pasty, expandable material (74), (C) the potting material in the container (70) is arranged and (D) the container (70) comprises a Ausdrückmasse (76), the - Bloating Mica and Heating material for heating the expanded mica so that it has intumescent, and - For pushing out of the blown material (74) is arranged through the outlet after ignition of the heating material. A fire or smoke protection device (10) according to claim 14, characterized by a refractory sheath (30) arranged to receive intumescent material (32) exiting the outlet (72). Fire or smoke protection device (10) according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that
in the container (70) a firing mass (78) for igniting the Ausdrückmasse (76) and / or the Blähmaterials (74) is arranged. Conveyor system completion with (a) an opening (22) for a conveyor system (24), (b) intumescent material (32), (c) a heat source (34) - Is arranged for heating the intumescent material (32) and contains combustible material (36) and an oxidizing agent (38), (d) a container (70) having an outlet (72), (e) wherein the intumescent material (32) and the heat source (34), which is arranged for heating the intumescent material (32), to a, in particular pasty, Blähmaterial (74) are arranged in the container (70) , and (F) the container comprises a Ausdrückmasse (76), the - Bloating Mica and Heating material for heating the expanded mica so that it has intumescent, and - For pushing out the Blähmaterials (74) after ignition of the heating material through the outlet in the opening (22) is arranged. Conveyor system according to claim 17, with - a foreclosure element (28.1), the
intumescent material (32.1),
a heat source (34.1) arranged to heat the intumescent material (32.1), and
a refractory envelope (30.1) surrounding the intumescent material (32.1) and the heat source (34.1), - Wherein the partition member (28.1) is formed for sealing the opening (22) together with the blown material (74). Actuator (80) with (a) a container (70), (b) an actuator element (82) movable relative to the container, and (C) a Ausdrückmasse (76), the - Bloating Mica and a heating material for heating the expanded mica so that it has intumescent, - Is arranged to move the actuator element (82) after igniting the Ausdrückmasse (76). Actuator according to claim 19, characterized by - A firing mass (78) whose content of intumescent material (32) is at most one fifth of the content of intumescent material (32) of Ausdrückmasse (76) and an ignition device (42) for igniting the ignition mass (78), - Wherein the firing mass (78) is arranged so that it ignites the Ausdrückmasse (76) after its ignition.

Images