EP3241408A1 - Circuit optoélectronique a diodes électroluminescentes - Google Patents
Circuit optoélectronique a diodes électroluminescentesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3241408A1 EP3241408A1 EP15823721.4A EP15823721A EP3241408A1 EP 3241408 A1 EP3241408 A1 EP 3241408A1 EP 15823721 A EP15823721 A EP 15823721A EP 3241408 A1 EP3241408 A1 EP 3241408A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- dimmer
- optoelectronic circuit
- threshold
- switching device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
- H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a circuit ⁇ opto electronics, in particular an optoelectronic circuit comprising light emitting diodes.
- An optoelectronic circuit used in particular for lighting, may be connected to a source of an alternating voltage, for example the sinusoidal voltage of the sector.
- a source of an alternating voltage for example the sinusoidal voltage of the sector.
- To modify the light output provided by the lighting circuit it is known to place a dimmer between the source of the sinusoidal voltage and the optoelectronic circuit.
- dimmers including timed-close dimmers and timed-open dimmers.
- dimmers have generally been designed to operate with incandescent lamp lighting circuits and can do not function properly when connected to an optoelectronic light-emitting diode circuit.
- An object of an embodiment is to overcome all or some of the disadvantages of optoelectronic circuits with light-emitting diodes previously described powered by an alternating voltage.
- Another object of an embodiment is to allow proper operation of a dimmer placed between the source of the AC voltage and the optoelectronic circuit.
- an embodiment provides an optoelectronic circuit for receiving a variable voltage containing an alternation of increasing and decreasing phases, the optoelectronic circuit comprising a plurality of sets of light emitting diodes and a switching device adapted to allow or interrupt the flow of light. a current in each set, the switching device being further adapted to detect whether said variable voltage is provided by a dimmer.
- the switching device is adapted to connect the sets of light-emitting diodes according to a plurality of connection configurations successively in a first order during each increasing phase of the variable voltage in the absence of a dimmer and a second order in the during each decreasing phase of the variable voltage in the absence of a dimmer, the switching device being, furthermore, adapted to detect the presence of the dimmer when the duration of at least one connection configuration is less than a threshold of duration and / or when at least two connection configurations succeed one another in a third order different from the first order or the second order.
- the duration threshold depends on said connection configuration.
- the switching device comprises at least one switch for each set of light-emitting diodes, the switching device being adapted to transmit binary control signals for opening or closing switches according to said connection configurations, the switching device being further adapted to determine whether the duration between the successive change times of at least two control signals of two successive connection configurations is below said threshold of duration.
- the switching device comprises, for each set, a comparison module adapted to compare the voltage at one of the terminals of the set, and / or a voltage depending on said voltage at one of the terminals of the assembly, at least a first voltage threshold and optionally at a second voltage threshold and a control module connected to the comparison modules and adapted, during each increasing phase, to interrupt the flow of a current in each set of certain sets of the plurality of sets when said voltage of said set goes above the second voltage threshold or when said set voltage, adjacent to said set and traversed by the current, passes above the first threshold during each decreasing phase, controlling the flow of a current in each set among certain sets of the plurality of sets when said voltage of the set, adjacent ent audit together and traversed by the current, passes below the first voltage threshold.
- the switching device is adapted to detect the presence of the dimmer when, for at least two sets, the voltages associated with the two sets go above the first voltage threshold or the second voltage threshold or go to below the first voltage threshold in a duration less than said duration threshold.
- the optoelectronic circuit comprises a current source and, for each set, a switch connecting the current source to said terminal of said assembly, the control module being adapted, for each set of certain sets of the plurality of assemblies, to control the closing of the switch associated with said set when said voltage of the assembly, adjacent to said assembly and traversed by the current, passes below the first voltage threshold in each phase decreasing.
- the switching device is further adapted to detect whether the variable voltage is provided by a delayed closing dimmer or a delayed opening dimmer.
- the switching device is, furthermore, adapted to determine that the variable voltage is provided by a delayed closing dimmer when the duration of at least one connection configuration is less than the duration threshold in the course of time. at least one increasing phase of the variable voltage and / or when at least two connection configurations succeed each other in a fourth order different from the first order during at least one increasing phase of the variable voltage and the switching device is further adapted to determine that the variable voltage is provided by a timed-open dimmer when the duration of at least one connection pattern is less than the duration threshold during at least one decreasing phase of the variable voltage and / or when at least two connection configurations follow each other in a fifth order different from the second order during at least one decreasing phase variable voltage.
- the switching device is adapted to at least temporarily lower the input impedance of the optoelectronic circuit when a dimmer is detected.
- the switching device is adapted to circulate in the optoelectronic circuit a constant current when a dimmer is detected.
- Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of an example of an optoelectronic circuit connected to a source of a sinusoidal voltage by a dimmer;
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are timing diagrams of the voltage provided by the dimmer of FIG. 1 respectively in the case of a delayed closing dimmer and a timed opening dimmer;
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an example of an optoelectronic circuit comprising light-emitting diodes that can be connected to a source of a sinusoidal voltage;
- FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of the voltage and the supply current of the light-emitting diodes of the optoelectronic circuit of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is an electrical diagram of an example of an optoelectronic circuit with light-emitting diodes comprising a switching device for the light-emitting diodes;
- FIG. 7 is a timing diagram of signals of the optoelectronic circuit of FIG. 6;
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are timing diagrams of signals of the optoelectronic circuit of FIG. 6 when it is connected to a delayed closing and delayed opening dimmer;
- Fig. 10 shows, in the form of a block diagram, an embodiment of a method of detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer
- FIG. 11 is a partial and diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of a module for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of another example of an optoelectronic circuit with light-emitting diodes comprising a switching device of the electro luminescent diode ⁇ ;
- FIG. 13 schematically represents an embodiment of a control module of a light-emitting diode switching device
- Fig. 14 shows, in the form of a block diagram, an embodiment of a method for controlling a switching device of the light-emitting diodes
- Figure 15 is an electrical schematic of one embodiment of an optoelectronic circuit ⁇ electro luminescent diodes comprising a dimmer detection device;
- FIG. 16 shows a more detailed embodiment of an optoelectronic light-emitting diode circuit comprising a dimmer detection device
- Figs. 17 and 18 are electrical diagrams of more detailed embodiments of parts of the optoelectronic circuit of Fig. 16;
- Fig. 19 is a timing chart of voltages of the optoelectronic circuit of Fig. 16;
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of an optoelectronic light-emitting diode circuit comprising a dimmer detection device.
- FIGS. 21 and 22 are similar figures respectively to FIGS. 17 and 18 and show electrical diagrams of more detailed embodiments of parts of the optoelectronic circuit of FIG.
- an electronic system 1 comprising a source 2 of an alternating voltage VgouRCE 'P ar example a sinusoidal voltage, a dimmer 5 receiving the AC voltage e t VgouRCE providing a modified alternating voltage V j ⁇ and an opto-electronic circuit 10 comprising input terminals iN] _ and I3 ⁇ 4 between which the alternating voltage V ⁇ j is applied.
- the input voltage had VgouRCE P t be a sinusoidal voltage whose frequency is, for example, between 10 Hz and 1 MHz.
- the tension gouR . e corresponds, for example, to the mains voltage.
- the optoelectronic circuit 10 is adapted to provide a light signal whose light output depends in particular on the voltage VJJJ.
- the dimmer 5 may be a phase-cut dimmer comprising an electronic switch whose conduction time is limited to a fraction of the period T of the voltage v SOURCE ⁇
- FIG. 2 represents an example of evolution curve of the voltage V i when the source voltage V GOURCE is sinusoidal of period T and when the dimmer 5 is a leading edge dimmer.
- the voltage V i follows the signal VgouCE except for a duration T 'at the beginning of each positive and negative sine wave arc during which the voltage V i is substantially zero.
- Timed closing dimmers can be made with triacs.
- FIG. 3 represents an example of a curve of evolution of the voltage V i when the source voltage V GOURCE is sinusoidal of period T and the dimmer 5 is a trailing edge dimmer.
- Voltage V 1 follows the signal V GOURCE with the exception of a duration T "at the end of each positive and negative sine wave during which the voltage V i is substantially zero. Timed opening can be achieved with MOS transistors.
- a closing or delayed opening dimmer may comprise a variable resistor which makes it possible to modify the opening angle a.
- FIG. 4 represents an example of an optoelectronic circuit 10 with light-emitting diodes.
- the opto-electronic circuit 10 comprises a rectifier circuit 12 comprising a diode bridge 14, receiving the voltage V j ⁇ and providing a rectified voltage which supplies YALJ electro luminescent diodes ⁇ 16, for example connected in series with a resistor 15. is called I ⁇ ⁇ e LIM current through the diodes electro luminescent ⁇ 16.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart of the supply voltage and the power supply current for an example in which the ac voltage V i corresponds to a sinusoidal voltage.
- V ⁇ jj f When the voltage V ⁇ jj f is greater than the sum of the threshold voltages of the light-emitting diodes 16, the light-emitting diodes 16 turn on.
- the supply current I ⁇ LIM then follows the supply voltage V "ALIM- So there alternating OFF phases of absence of light emission and ON phases of light emission.
- a disadvantage is that commercially available dimmers have generally been designed to operate with incandescent lamp lighting circuits and may not function properly when connected to light emitting diode optoelectronic circuits.
- the good functioning of certain dimmers may require that the input impedance of the optoelectronic circuit 10 seen by the dimmer 5 be low when the voltage V j is close to 0 V.
- the light-emitting diodes 16 are non-conducting and the optoelectronic circuit 10 then has a high input impedance which can disturb the operation of the dimmer 5.
- the circuit comprises an electronic opto ⁇ presence detection device or absence of a dimmer connected to the input terminals of the optoelectronic circuit.
- the optoelectronic circuit further comprises a device adapted to modify certain properties of the optoelectronic circuit when a dimmer is detected, in particular to reduce the input impedance seen by the dimmer when the optoelectronic circuit is powered. by a low voltage, so as not to disturb the operation of the dimmer.
- optoelectronic circuits including a light emitting diodes switching device adapted to gradually increase the number of diodes assimila ⁇ nescentes receiving the supply voltage ⁇ JM during a growth phase of the supply voltage and to gradually reduce the number of light-emitting diodes receiving the supply voltage Vp j ⁇ M during a phase of decrease of the supply voltage.
- the switching device is generally adapted to short-circuit a larger or smaller number of light-emitting diodes according to the evolution of the voltage VRL W This makes it possible to reduce the duration of each phase of absence OFF of light emission.
- FIG. 6 represents a circuit diagram of an example of an optoelectronic circuit 20 comprising a switching device for light-emitting diodes.
- the elements of the optoelectronic circuit 20 common with the optoelectronic circuit 10 are designated by the same references.
- the optoelectronic circuit includes the rectifier circuit 12 receiving the supply voltage Vj ⁇ between the terminals IN] _ and I3 ⁇ 4 and supplying the voltage rectified ⁇ ⁇ LJJ between nodes A ] _ and A2.
- the circuit 20 can directly receive a rectified voltage, the rectifier circuit may then not be present.
- the optoelectronic circuit 20 comprises N series sets of elementary light-emitting diodes, called global electroluminescent diodes Dj_ in the following description, where i is an integer ranging from 1 to N and where N is an integer between 2 and 200.
- each global emitting diode D] _ 3 ⁇ 4 comprises at least one elementary emitting diode and is preferably composed of the series connection and / or in parallel at least two elementary light emitting diodes.
- N diodes electro ⁇ Dj_ overall luminescent are connected in series, the cathode of the overall Dj_ emitting diode being connected to the anode of the overall light emitting diode Dj_ +] _, for i varying from 1 to Nl.
- the anode of the overall light-emitting diode D] _ is connected to the node A] _.
- the global light-emitting diodes Dj 1, i ranging from 1 to N, may comprise the same number of elementary light emitting diodes or different numbers of elementary light-emitting diodes.
- the optoelectronic circuit 20 comprises a current source 22, one terminal of which is connected to the node A2 and the other terminal of which is connected to a node A3.
- the current source 22 may correspond to a resistor.
- the circuit 20 comprises a device 24 for switching the light-emitting diodes.
- the device 24 comprises N controllable switches SW ] _ to Si%.
- Each switch SW i, i ranging from 1 to N is mounted between the node A3 and the cathode of the global light emitting diode Dj_.
- Each switch SWj_, i varying from 1 to N is controlled by a signal Sj_ supplied by a control mode 26.
- the control module 26 may, in whole or in part, be realized by a dedicated circuit or may comprise a microprocessor or a microcontroller adapted to execute a sequence of instructions stored in a memory.
- the signal Sj_ is a binary signal and the switch SWj_ is open when the signal Sj_ is in a first state, for example the low state, and the switch SWj_ is closed when the signal Sj_ is in a second state, for example the high state.
- the optoelectronic circuit 20 comprises one or more sensors connected to the control module 26. It can be a single sensor, for example a sensor adapted to measure the voltage V " ALIM OR the current flowing between the terminals IN ] _ and I3 ⁇ 4, or of several sensors, each sensor being able to be associated with an overall light-emitting diode D.sub.-By way of example, there is shown a single sensor 28 in FIG.
- the control module 26 is adapted to control the closing or opening of the switches SWj, i varying from 1 to Nl, as a function of the value of the voltage LJJ in a sequence from the measurement of a physical parameter. for example at least one current or a voltage.
- the opening and closing of the switches SWj_ can be controlled by the control module 26 from the signals supplied by the sensor 28 or the sensors.
- the opening and closing of the switches SW i can be controlled from the measurement of the voltage at the cathode of each global light-emitting diode Dj 2.
- the opening and closing of the switches SW 1 can be controlled from the measurement of the voltage or the measurement of the voltage at the cathode of each global light-emitting diode Dj 2.
- the number of switches SW ] _ to Si% may vary according to the opening and closing sequence implemented by the control module 26. For example, the switch Si% may not be present .
- FIG. 7 represents curves of evolution of the signals Sj_, i varying from 1 to Nl with N equal to 4 during a cycle of the voltage V ⁇ jj f in the case where the voltage VJN is a sinusoidal voltage for a
- a switching method implemented by the switching device 24 For example, at the beginning of an ascending phase of the voltage L 1, the signals S 1, i varying from 1 to N 1, are initially set to 1 "so that SWj_ switches are on. The switches SW] _, SW2 and SW3 are opened successively at times t] _, t2 and t3 As the elevation of the voltage V dd f so that the overall light emitting diodes D2, D3 and D4 are successively supplied with power.
- the device com ⁇ tion of LEDs is further adapted to detect the presence or absence of a dimmer connected to terminals IN] _ and IN2 ⁇
- the presence detection function or the absence of a dimmer can advantageously be implemented with the light-emitting diode switching devices already fitted to certain light-emitting diode optoelectronic circuits with few modifications.
- One embodiment of a method for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer will be described with an optoelectronic light-emitting diode circuit 20 comprising a light-emitting diode switching device 24 having the structure shown in FIG. .
- control module 26 is adapted to compare at least some of the times tj_ of switching, that is to say of closing and / or opening, switches SWj_, i varying from 1 to N, during an ascending phase of the voltage dd ⁇ f and at least some of the instants of switching t'j_ SWj_ switches, i varying from 1 to N in a downward phase of the voltage ⁇ JM.
- VKL M varies progressively during each cycle, the switching instants tj_, i varying from 1 to N, then being distinct during each cycle and the switching instants t'j_ being also distinct at each stage. during each cycle.
- each cycle comprises a first phase, at the beginning or at the end of a cycle, during which the voltage VRL M is substantially at 0 V, and a second phase during which the voltage ⁇ JM substantially follows the voltage Vj ⁇ , shifted from the threshold voltages of the diodes 14 of the rectifier bridge 12.
- a switching instant tj_ or t'j_ corresponds to a moment when a switch is open or closed, that is to say at a time when a control signal Sj_ binary of a switch SWj_ toggles. More generally, a switching instant corresponds to a configuration change in the connection of sets of light-emitting diodes Dj_ which causes a modification of the electrical path taken by the current between terminals IN 1 and IN 2. correspond to a switching time of a binary signal supplied by a sensor to the control module 36 and / or a switching time of a binary signal supplied by the control module 26 to a switch.
- the switching times correspond to the switching of signals supplied by sensors, according to the control method implemented by the control module 26, the fact that switching times are simultaneous may not lead to simultaneous closing of the signals.
- several switches or simultaneous openings of several switches are possible.
- the instant of opening tj_ is a switching instant in an ascending phase the voltage V dd f and closing timing t'j_ a switching time in a downward phase of the voltage V ⁇ ⁇ LJ.
- Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the principle of detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer.
- Figure 8 is a figure similar to Figure 7 in the case where the optoelectronic circuit 20 is connected to a delayed closing dimmer with an aperture angle equal to 0.5. As shown in this figure, the instants t ] _, t2 and t3 of opening switches SW ] _, SW2 and SW3 are substantially simultaneous. When the aperture angle a is other than 0.5, the number of switches that are open substantially simultaneously may be less than Nl.
- FIG. 9 is a figure similar to FIG. 7 in the case where the optoelectronic circuit 20 is connected to a timed opening dimmer with an aperture angle equal to 0.5. As shown in this figure, the moments t ' ] _, t' 2 and t '3 closing switches SW ] _, SW2 and SW3 are substantially simultaneous. When the aperture angle a is other than 0.5, the number of switches that are closed substantially simultaneously may be less than Nl.
- FIG. 10 represents, in the form of a block diagram, an embodiment of a method for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer that can be implemented by the control module 26.
- step 40 the control module 26 determines the switching times tj_, t'j_ of the switching device 24 during a cycle of the voltage ⁇ LJ ⁇ . The process continues in step 42.
- step 42 the control module 26 compares them at least some of the opening times tj_ switches
- SWj_ compares them at least some of the closing times and switches SWj_.
- the control module 26 can compare the instants of opening tj_ and tj_ +] _ and the closing times t'j_ and t'j_ +] _.
- the control module 26 can, in addition, compare at least some of the instants opening tj_ to at least some of the closing times t'j_. The process continues at step 44.
- step 44 according to the result of the comparison in step 42, the control module 26 determines whether a dimmer is present. If at least two opening times t 1 are close or substantially simultaneous or if at least two closing times are near or substantially simultaneous, this means that a dimmer is present.
- “relatives” is meant that the duration between the two switching times tj_ and tj_ + or t'j_ and t'j_ +] _ is less than a threshold of duration which may depend on the instant tj_ or t'j_ considered. In the case where the instants of opening tj_ are not close or simultaneous and that, moreover, the closing times tj_ are not close or simultaneous, this means that there is no dimmer. Steps 40, 42 and 44 can be performed at least partially simultaneously.
- the control module 26 is furthermore suitable for determining whether the detected dimmer is a delayed closing dimmer or a delayed opening dimmer depending on whether the switching times are close or simultaneous. are times when the switches are closed or when the switches are opened.
- a delayed closing dimmer is detected when the simultaneous switching instants are opening times and a delayed opening dimmer is detected when the simultaneous switching times are moments of closure.
- the control module 26 is, furthermore, adapted to determine the opening angle a of the dimmer. This can in particular be achieved from the determination of the duration, during a cycle of the voltage Vpj ⁇ jyir between the instant of switching (closing or opening) of a switch, which occurs simultaneously with other switching times in an ascending or descending phase of the voltage fd , and the switching time of the same switch that occurs in the other phase, descending or ascending, the voltage V ⁇ LJ ⁇ .
- FIG. 11 represents an embodiment of a module 45 for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer adapted to the implementation of the method described above in connection with FIG. 10.
- the detection module 45 can be part of the control module 26.
- the module 45 receives at least N signals Qenj_, i varying from 1 to N, each signal Qenj_ being representative of a configuration change of the switching device 24 during an ascending phase of the signal V " ALIM- According to one embodiment, the Qenj_ signal may correspond to the complement of control signal Sj_ SWj_ the switch. the module 45 further comprises, Nl counters 46 j _ (Timer), i varying from 1 to N. each counter 46 j _ Qenj_ receives the signal and is activated when the Qenj_ signal changes from "0" to "1". each 46j_ counter supplies a binary signal Eenj_ that changes state when a predetermined time elapses after activation The predetermined duration may depend on the counter 46.
- the module 45 further comprises N1 logic gates “AND” 47j, i varying from 1 to Nl.
- Each logic gate 47j receives the signal Eenj_ and the signal Q- j_ +] _ and provides a signal binary LEdetectj_ to "1" when the signal Eenj_ and Qen-j_ +] _ are simultaneously at "1".
- the module 45 furthermore comprises an "OR" logic gate 48 receiving the LEdetectj_ signals, i varying from 1 to Nl, and supplying a LEdetect binary signal which, for example, is set to "1" when at least 1 one of the signals LEdetectj_, i varying from 1 to Nl, is at "1” and is set to "0" when all the signals LEdetectj_, i varying from 1 to Nl, are at "0".
- the module 45 receives at least N Qdis-j signals, i varying from 1 to N, each Qdis-j_ signal being representative of a configuration change of the switching device 24 during a downward phase.
- the Qdis-j_ signal may correspond to the control signal Sj_ of the switch SWj_.
- the module 45 further comprises N1 counters 49j (Timer), i varying from 2 to N.
- Each counter 49j receives the signal Qdis-j and is activated when the signal Qdis-j goes from “0" to "1". Each counter 49j provides an Edis-j signal which changes state when a predetermined duration is reached after the activation of the counter 49j. The predetermined duration may depend on the counter 49j_ considered.
- the module 45 further comprises N1 logic gates “AND” 50j, i varying from 2 to N. Each logic gate 50j receives the signal Edis-j_ and the signal Qdis-j __] _ and provides a TEdetectj_ signal at "1". when the signal Ej_ and Qdis-j __] _ are simultaneously at "1".
- the module 45 further comprises an "OR" logic gate 51 receiving TEdetect signals, i varying from 2 to N and providing a binary TEdetect signal which, for example, is set to "1" when at least one signals TEdetectj_, i varying from 2 to N, is at “1” and is set to "0" when all signals TEdetectj_, i ranging from 2 to N, are at "0".
- a delayed opening dimmer is detected when the TEdetect signal is at "1".
- TEdetect signal is set to "1" and the signal is set to TEdetect "1". This means the detection of a delayed opening dimmer.
- the time measured by each counter 46 j or 49 j _ _ is the same for each counter 46 j _ or 49j_. According to one embodiment, the time measured by each counter 46 j or 49 j _ _ depends on the counter 46 j or 49 j _ _. According to one embodiment, the duration measured by each counter 46 j _ or 49 j _ is strictly less than the expected theoretical duration between instants tj_ and tj_ + or between instants t'j_ and t 1 in the absence of dimmer. The theoretical time can be determined from knowledge of the frequency and maximum amplitude of the signal e ⁇ Yal ⁇ m the number of light emitting diodes of each set of Dj_ LEDs.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 may, advantageously, be realized by a digital circuit or an analog circuit.
- the counter 46 j , 49 j may be a counter clocked by a clock signal.
- the counter 46j, 49j may comprise a capacitor charged with a constant current.
- the detection module for the presence or absence of a dimmer is adapted to memorize the successive instants tj_ and t'j_.
- To memorize the successive instants tj_ and t'j_ it is possible to use a counter which is activated for example at the switching instant t ] _ and stopped at the instant of switching t ' ] _.
- the time between times t and t ' ] _ is representative, in the absence of a dimmer, of the period of voltage ⁇ LJ ⁇ .
- the embodiments of methods for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer described above can be implemented with known optoelectronic circuits comprising a light-emitting diode switching device without any other modification than the addition of the detection module.
- FIG. 12 corresponds to FIG. 5 of US Pat. No. 7,081,722, which is considered to be an integral part of the present description.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of an optoelectronic circuit comprising a light emitting diode switching device with which the method embodiments of detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer described above can be implemented.
- the signals Qenj_ previously described in relation with FIG. 11, may correspond to the complementary control signals of the gates of the MOS transistors Qi, i varying from 1 to 4, of FIG. 12 and the Qdis-j_ signals described. previously in connection with FIG. 11, may correspond to the control signals of the gates of MOS transistors Qi, i ranging from 1 to 4.
- FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of the control module 26 of the optoelectronic circuit 20.
- the control module 26 comprises a processing module 52 and a detection module 53 of the presence or absence of a dimmer.
- the processing module 52 receives the signals Qenj_ and / or the signals Qdis-j_ and is adapted to supply the control signals Sj_, i varying from 1 to N.
- the detection module 53 receives the signals Qenj_ and / or the signals Qdis and provides the signals LEdetect and TEdetect to the processing module 52.
- FIG. 14 represents, in the form of a block diagram, an embodiment of a method for controlling a light-emitting diode switching device that can be implemented by the control module 26 represented in FIG. 13.
- the control method comprises the steps 40, 42, 44 described above.
- step 44 if the detection module 53 has detected the presence of a dimmer, the method continues in step 54.
- step 44 if the detection module 53 has not detected the presence of a dimmer, the process continues in step 55.
- the processing module 52 can control a first operating mode adapted to the presence of a dimmer.
- the first mode of operation comprises decreasing the input impedance of the optoelectronic circuit seen by the dimmer when no light emitting diode is conducting.
- a first mode of operation comprises maintaining a current flowing between the terminals IN ] _ and I3 ⁇ 4 permanently above a current threshold that can be adapted to the proper operation of the dimmer.
- a first mode of operation comprises permanently maintaining constant current between terminals IN ] _ and I3 ⁇ 4. The process continues in step 40.
- control module 26 can control a second adapted operating mode when a dimmer is not present, which corresponds, for example, to the normal operating mode of the switching device 22.
- the process continues at step 40.
- the steps 40 to 55 can be implemented at each cycle of the voltage jj ⁇ f, to a cycle of two to a cycle of ten, etc.
- the optoelectronic circuit can operate according to the first mode of operation before the first implementation of the method for detecting the presence or absence of a dimmer. Therefore, if the presence of a dimmer is confirmed in step 44, the optoelectronic circuit is already in the first mode of operation. This advantageously avoids the risk of malfunction of the dimmer at startup.
- the first mode of operation implemented in step 54 may depend on the type of dimmer detected. For example, in the first mode of operation, when a current flowing between the terminals IN] _ and I3 ⁇ 4 is continuously maintained above a threshold current, the current threshold may depend on the type of dimmer detected.
- the first mode of operation implemented in step 54 may depend on the opening angle determined. For example, in the first mode of operation, when a constant current is maintained between the terminals IN] _ and I3 ⁇ 4, the current level may be dependent on the opening angle determined.
- an opto-electronic circuit 56 comprising a switching device 57 of light emitting diodes adapted to detect the presence or absence of a dimmer connected to terminals IN] _ and IN2 and further adapted, in the first mode of operation, to decrease the input impedance of the optoelectronic circuit 56 seen by the dimmer.
- the optoelectronic circuit 56 comprises all the elements of the optoelectronic circuit 20 represented in FIG. 6 and furthermore comprises an additional switch SWg connecting the nodes A ] and A3, controlled by a binary signal Sg supplied by the control module 26.
- the switch SWg in the step 55 described above, in the second mode of operation, in the absence of detection of a dimmer, the switch SWg is left permanently open.
- the switch SWg in the first mode of operation, when a dimmer is detected, the switch SWg is closed at the beginning and at the end of each cycle of the voltage ⁇ LJ ⁇ .
- the module 26 can control, at the beginning of a cycle of the voltage, the opening of the switch SWg when the signal measured by the sensor 28 exceeds a threshold, and control, at the end of a voltage cycle V ⁇ LJJ ⁇ , closing the switch SWg, while the switch SW ] _ is closed, when the signal measured by the sensor 28 decreases below a threshold.
- the current source 22 is a controllable current source and the control module 26 provides a control signal COM to the power source 22 for controlling the current source in order to modify the current supplied by the source current 22 in the first mode of operation.
- the current source 22 can be controlled to provide a constant current for each cycle of the voltage V i f until a dimmer is detected.
- FIG. 16 represents a more detailed electrical diagram of an embodiment of an optoelectronic circuit 60.
- the elements common between the optoelectronic circuit 60 and the optoelectronic circuit 20 are designated by the same references.
- VQ5 is the voltage across the current source 22 and IQ5 is the current supplied by the current source 22.
- the optoelectronic circuit 60 may comprise a circuit, not shown, for supplying a reference voltage for the power supply to the power supply.
- the current source 22 possibly obtained from the voltage LJJ ⁇ .
- VQJ_ the voltage between the cathode of the global light emitting diode Dj_ and the node A2
- the voltage is also referred to as QQ. In the remainder of the description, unless otherwise indicated, voltages are referenced to node A2.
- the optoelectronic circuit 60 further comprises N + 1 comparison modules COMP j , i ranging from 0 to N, each adapted to receive the voltage VQJ_ and to provide a signal H j _ and a signal Lj_.
- the control module 26 receives the signals Lg at Lj ⁇ and Hg at] 3 ⁇ 4 and supplies the signals Sg at the control of the switches SWg to S1.
- each global light-emitting diode Dj_ i varying from 1 to N
- the elementary light-emitting diodes of each global light-emitting diode Dj_, i varying from 1 to N are, for example, planar light-emitting diodes, each comprising a stack of layers resting on a plane face, of which at least one active layer is adapted to emit light.
- Elementary LEDs are, for example, planar light-emitting diodes or diodes electro ⁇ luminescent formed from three dimensional semiconductor elements, in particular micro-wires, nanowires or pyramids, including, for example, a semiconductor material of a compound preferably comprising at least one group III element and a group V element (for example gallium nitride GaN), hereinafter referred to as compound II IV, or comprising at least one Group II element and an element group VI (eg zinc oxide ZnO), called by the compound sequence II-VI.
- Each three-dimensional semiconductor element is covered with at least one active layer adapted to emit light.
- the switch SW j _ is, for example, a switch based on at least one transistor, in particular a metal oxide oxide or MOS transistor field-effect transistor, with enhancement (normally closed) or depletion (normally open).
- control module 26 is adapted to control the closing or opening of the switches SWj_, i varying from 0 to N, as a function of the value of the voltage VQJ_.
- each comparison module COMP j i varying from 0 to N, is adapted to compare the voltage VQJ_ with at least two thresholds Vhighj_ and Vlow-j_.
- the signal Lj_ is a binary signal which is at a first state when the voltage VQJ_ is lower than the threshold Vlow-j_ and which is at a second state when the voltage Vcj_ is greater than the threshold Vlow-j_.
- the signal Hj_ is a binary signal which is at a first state when the voltage VQJ_ is lower than the threshold Vhighj_ and which is at a second state when the voltage VQJ_ is greater than the threshold Vhighj_.
- the first states of the binary signals H 1 and L 1 may be equal or different and the second states of the binary signals H 1 and L 1 may be equal or different.
- each comparator COMP j _ comprises a first operational amplifier 62, operating as a comparator.
- the inverting input (-) of the operational amplifier 62 is connected to the cathode of the global light-emitting diode Dj_, for i varying from 1 to N and to the node A ] _ for the comparator COMPg.
- the non-inverting input (+) of the operational amplifier 62 receives the voltage threshold Vhigh j which is provided by a module 64, which may include a memory.
- the operational amplifier 62 provides the signal Hj_.
- Each comparator COMPj_ furthermore comprises a second operational amplifier 66, operating as a comparator.
- the inverting input (-) of the operational amplifier 66 is connected to the cathode of the global light-emitting diode Dj_ for i varying from 1 to N and to the node A] _ for the comparator COMPg.
- the non-inverting input (+) of the operational amplifier 66 receives the voltage threshold Vlow-j which is provided by a module 68, which may include a memory.
- the operational amplifier 66 provides the signal Lj_.
- Fig. 18 shows a circuit diagram of a more detailed embodiment of the current source 22 and the switch SW j _.
- the current source 22 comprises an ideal current source 70 having a terminal connected to a first source of a reference potential VREF.
- the other terminal of the current source 70 is connected to the drain of a diode-mounted N-channel transistor MOS 72.
- the source of the MOS transistor 72 is connected to the node A2.
- the gate of the MOS transistor 72 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor 72.
- the reference potential VREF can be supplied from the voltage V ⁇ LJJ ⁇ . It can be constant or vary depending on the voltage dd ⁇ f.
- the intensity of the current supplied by the current source 22 may be constant or vary, for example vary according to the voltage dd ⁇ f.
- the current source 22 comprises an N-channel MOS transistor 74 whose gate is connected to the gate of the transistor 72 and whose source is connected to the node A2.
- the MOS transistors 72 and 74 form a current mirror, the current 1 ⁇ 5 supplied by the current source 70 being reproduced, possibly with a multiplicative factor.
- the switch SW j _ comprises an N-channel MOS transistor 76 whose drain is connected to the cathode of the global light-emitting diode Dj_ and whose source is connected to the drain of the transistor 74.
- the applied voltage to the gate of transistor 76 corresponds to the signal Sj_ described above.
- Figure 19 shows timing diagrams of the supply voltage V JM, equal to the voltage V Q, and Vçj_ voltages measured by each comparator COMP j _, i varying from 1 to N, illustrating the operation of the optoelectronic circuit 60 according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- each global electroluminescent diode Dj_ comprises the same number of elementary light-emitting diodes arranged in the same configuration, and therefore has the same threshold voltage Vled.
- the voltage V ⁇ JM supplied by the rectifier bridge 12 is a rectified sinusoidal voltage comprising a succession of cycles in each of which the voltage V ⁇ JM increases from the zero value, passes through a maximum and decreases to the null value.
- two successive cycles of the voltage LJJ are shown in Figure 19.
- the switch SW ] _ is closed and all the switches SWj_, i ranging from 2 to N, are open.
- the voltage V " ALIM rises from the zero value by dividing between the global light emitting diode D ] _, the switch SW ] _ and the current source 22.
- the voltage V ⁇ JM being lower than the threshold voltage Vled of the global light-emitting diode D ] _, there is no light emission (phase Pg) and the voltage VQ] _ remains substantially equal to zero.
- phase P ] _ The voltage across the global light-emitting diode D 1 then remains substantially constant and the voltage V 1 continues to increase with the voltage L 1.
- the current IQ5 flows in the global light-emitting diode D ] _ which emits light.
- the voltage Q 5 when the current source 22 is in operation, is preferably substantially constant.
- the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SW2 and the opening of the switch SW ] _.
- the voltage V dd f is then distributed between the overall electro ⁇ LEDs D] _ and D2, the switch SW2 and the current source 22.
- the threshold Vhigh ] _ is chosen substantially equal to the sum of the threshold voltage of the global light-emitting diode D2 and the operating voltage V Q 5 of the current source 22 so that, on closing of the SW2 switch, the global light emitting diode D2 is traversed by the current 1 ⁇ 5 and emits light.
- Phase P2 corresponds to a light emitting phase by the overall light-emitting diodes D] _ and D2.
- the module 26 In general, in the absence of detection of a dimmer, during an upward phase of the supply voltage ⁇ JM, for i varying from 1 to Nl, while the switch SWj_ is closed and the others Switches are open, the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SW j _ +] _ and the opening of the switch SW j _ when the voltage Vcj_ exceeds the threshold Vhighj_. Voltage dd ⁇ f is then distributed between the total light-emitting diodes D] _ to D j + _] _, the switch SW j + _] _ and the current source 22.
- the threshold Vhighj_ is chosen substantially equal to the sum of the threshold voltage of the global light-emitting diode Dj_ +] _ and the operating voltage V Q 5 of the current source 22 so that, on closing of the switch SWj_ +] _, the global light-emitting diode Dj_ +] _ is crossed by the current 1 ⁇ 5 and emits light.
- Phase P + i corresponds the light emission from the overall light-emitting diodes D] _ to D j + _] _.
- the fact that the switch SW j _ +] _ is closed before the opening of the switch SWj_ ensures the absence of interruption of the flow of current in the global light-emitting diodes D ] _ to Dj_.
- phase P3 corresponds to the emission of light by the global light emitting diodes D ] _, D 2 and D3.
- the module 26 controls the closing of the switch SW4 and the opening of the switch SW3.
- Phase P4 corresponds to the light emission from the overall light-emitting diodes D] _, D 2, D 3 and D 4.
- the supply voltage V H ⁇ M. reaches its maximum value at time t5 during phase P4 in FIG. 19 and initiates a downward phase.
- the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SW3 and the opening of the switch SW4.
- the voltage V ⁇ jj f is then distributed between the global light emitting diodes D ] _, D 2 and D3, the switch SW3 and the current source 22.
- the threshold VI0W4 is chosen substantially equal to the sum of the voltage VQ5 of operation of the current source 22 and the minimum operating voltage of the switch SW4 so that, when the switch SW3 is closed, there is no interruption of the flow of current.
- the module 26 in general, during a downward phase of the power supply voltage JM, in the absence of detection of a dimmer, for i varying from 2 to N, when the voltage VQJ_ decreases below the threshold Vlow-j_ , the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SWj__ ] _ and the opening of the switch SW j _. The voltage V dd f is then distributed between the total light-emitting diodes D] _ to Dj__] _, the switch SWj__] _ and the current source 22.
- the threshold Vlow-j_ is chosen substantially equal to the sum of the operating voltage VQ5 of the current source 22 and the minimum operating voltage of the switch SWj_ so that at the closing of the switch SW j __ ] _, it is There is no interruption of the current flow.
- the module 26 controls the closing of the switch SW2 and the opening of the switch SW3.
- the module 26 controls the closing of the switch SW2 and the opening of the switch SW ] _.
- the voltage VQ ] _ is canceled so that the global light-emitting diode D ] _ 'is no longer on and the current source 22 is off.
- the tension ⁇ jj f is canceled and a new cycle begins.
- the instants t] _i to t20 are similar respectively to the instants t ] _ to t ] _g.
- the comparator COMP ] _ may have a simpler structure than the comparators COMPj_, i varying from 2 to N, since the threshold Vlow ] _ is not used.
- the voltage f ⁇ jj is zero at the start of a cycle and then rises sharply. During this abrupt increase, at least two COMPj_ and COMPj comparators simultaneously switch the signals Hj_ and Hj. If k is the highest index of the comparator COMP ⁇ which switches the signal 3 ⁇ 4, the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SW ⁇ +] _ then the opening of all the switches SWg to SW ⁇ .
- the voltage V ⁇ jj f drops sharply during one cycle and then remains substantially zero until the end of the cycle.
- at least two COMPj_ and COMPj comparators simultaneously switch the Lj_ and Lj signals. If k is the highest index of the comparator COMP1 which toggles the signal L ⁇ , the module 26 successively controls the closing of the switch SW ⁇ _ ] _ then the opening of all the switches SW ] ⁇ + ] _ to SW N.
- the switch SWg is closed at the end and at the beginning of each cycle, for example as long as the voltage across the global light emitting diode D ] _ is lower than the voltage Vled threshold, the other switches being open.
- control module 26 may further control the current source 22 as previously described.
- each comparator COMPj_ of the optoelectronic circuit 60 only supplies the signal Lj_.
- An advantage of this embodiment is that the structure of the comparator COMP j can be simplified. Indeed, the comparator COMP j may not include the operational amplifier 62.
- the operation of the optoelectronic circuit according to this other embodiment is then identical to what has been previously described except that the switches SW i, i ranging from 0 to N-1 in the first operating mode, i ranging from 1 to N - 1 in the second mode of operation, are initially closed and that, in an increasing phase of the supply voltage ⁇ LJJ ⁇ , the switch SW j __ ] _ is open when the voltage VQJ_ is greater than the threshold Vlow-j_ . Indeed, this means that current begins to flow through the switch SW j _.
- the module 26 controls the opening of the switch SW j __ ] _.
- an increase in the voltage VQJ_ means that the voltage across the light emitting diode Dj_ becomes greater than the threshold voltage of the light emitting diode Dj_ and that it becomes conductive.
- FIG. 20 represents an electrical diagram of another embodiment of an optoelectronic circuit 90. All the elements common to the optoelectronic circuit 60 are designated by the same references. Unlike the optoelectronic circuit 60, the optoelectronic circuit 90 does not include the switch Si3 ⁇ 4. In addition, unlike the optoelectronic circuit 60, for i varying from 1 to N1, the optoelectronic circuit 90 comprises a resistor Rj_ provided between the node A3 and the switch SWj_, and the optoelectronic circuit 90 comprises a resistor 3 ⁇ 4 provided between the node A3 and the cathode of the global light emitting diode 3 ⁇ 4.
- Bj_ is a node between the resistor Rj_ and the switch SWj_, for i varying from 1 to Nl, and BJJ a node between the resistor% j and the cathode of the global light emitting diode 3 ⁇ 4.
- each comparator COMPj_ i varying from 1 to N, receives, in addition, the voltage at the node Bj_.
- the signal Hj_ is then a binary signal which is at a first state when the voltage at the node Bj_ is below a threshold MINj_ and which is at a second state when the voltage at the node Bj_ is greater than the threshold MINj_.
- a resistance Rg can be provided in series with the switch SWg.
- the comparator COMPj_ and the resistor Rj_ may be replaced by any device adapted to determine whether a current greater than a current threshold is flowing in the branch comprising the switch SW j _.
- a current mirror is disposed on the branch comprising the switch SWj_ so as to copy the current flowing through the switch SW j _. The copied current can then be compared to a current threshold.
- FIG. 21 represents a circuit diagram of a more detailed embodiment of a portion of the optoelectronic circuit 90.
- the comparator COMP j comprises all the elements of the comparator. COMPj_ shown in FIG. 17 with the difference that the operational amplifier 66 is replaced by a hysteresis comparator 92 receiving the voltage across the resistor Rj_ and supplying the signal Hj_.
- FIG. 22 shows a circuit diagram of a more detailed embodiment of the current source 22 and the switch SWj for the optoelectronic circuit 90.
- the current source 22 comprises all the elements of the represented power source. 18.
- the resistor Rj_ is interposed between the MOS transistor 74 and the node Bj_, a terminal of the resistor Rj_ being connected to the drain of the transistor 74 and the other terminal of the resistor Rj_ being connected to the node Bj_.
- the operation of the optoelectronic circuit 90 may be identical to the operation of the optoelectronic circuit 60 described above except that, in an increasing phase of the supply voltage Vp j ⁇ M, the switch SWj_ is open when current starts to flow in the resistance Ri + i-
- the switches SWj_, i ranging from 1 to Nl are initially closed, the switch SWg being open in the second operating mode in the absence of dimmer detection and being closed in the first operating mode when dimmer is detected.
- the switch SWg In a growing phase of the supply voltage LJJ ⁇ ⁇ , for i varying from 1 to N, while the light emitting diodes D] _ to Dj__] _ are conductive and that the LEDs Dj_ 3 ⁇ 4 blocked when the voltage at the terminals of the electroluminescent diode Dj_ becomes greater than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting diode Dj_, the latter becomes conductive and a current begins to flow in the resistor Rj_. This results in an increase in the voltage at the node Bj_. As soon as the voltage at the node Bj_ rises above the threshold MINj_, the module 26 controls the closing of the switch SW j __ ] _.
- the operation of the optoelectronic circuit 90 in a decreasing phase of the supply voltage be identical to that described above for the optoelectronic circuit 60.
- the optoelectronic circuit 90 has the advantage that the thresholds MIN1 and Vlow-j can be independent of the characteristics of the light-emitting diodes Dj_. In particular, they do not depend on the threshold voltage of each light-emitting diode Dj_.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1463416A FR3031273B1 (fr) | 2014-12-30 | 2014-12-30 | Circuit optoelectronique a diodes electroluminescentes |
PCT/FR2015/053757 WO2016108022A1 (fr) | 2014-12-30 | 2015-12-24 | Circuit optoelectronique a diodes electroluminescentes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3241408A1 true EP3241408A1 (fr) | 2017-11-08 |
Family
ID=53008622
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15823721.4A Withdrawn EP3241408A1 (fr) | 2014-12-30 | 2015-12-24 | Circuit optoélectronique a diodes électroluminescentes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10362648B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3241408A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3031273B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016108022A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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FR3082094B1 (fr) | 2018-06-01 | 2022-09-30 | Aledia | Circuit optoelectrique comprenant des diodes electroluminescentes |
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US3236626A (en) | 1966-01-06 | 1966-02-22 | Witco Chemical Corp | Dispersant compositions and toxicant concentrates containing the same |
US7081722B1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-07-25 | Kimlong Huynh | Light emitting diode multiphase driver circuit and method |
CN101672436B (zh) | 2005-06-28 | 2013-06-12 | 首尔Opto仪器股份有限公司 | 用于交流电力操作的发光装置 |
JP5471330B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-14 | 2014-04-16 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 発光ダイオード駆動回路及び発光ダイオードの点灯制御方法 |
US8476836B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2013-07-02 | Cree, Inc. | AC driven solid state lighting apparatus with LED string including switched segments |
US8305005B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2012-11-06 | Integrated Crystal Technology Inc. | Integrated circuit for driving high-voltage LED lamp |
US9839083B2 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2017-12-05 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state lighting apparatus and circuits including LED segments configured for targeted spectral power distribution and methods of operating the same |
KR101357916B1 (ko) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-03 | 메를로랩 주식회사 | 발광소자를 이용한 조명장치의 디밍 시스템 |
US9307588B2 (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2016-04-05 | Ecosense Lighting Inc. | Systems and methods for dimming of a light source |
-
2014
- 2014-12-30 FR FR1463416A patent/FR3031273B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-24 EP EP15823721.4A patent/EP3241408A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-24 US US15/538,631 patent/US10362648B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-24 WO PCT/FR2015/053757 patent/WO2016108022A1/fr active Application Filing
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None * |
See also references of WO2016108022A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3031273A1 (fr) | 2016-07-01 |
US20170367157A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
WO2016108022A1 (fr) | 2016-07-07 |
US10362648B2 (en) | 2019-07-23 |
FR3031273B1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 |
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