EP3237336B1 - Injection nozzle for pressurised water containing dissolved gas - Google Patents

Injection nozzle for pressurised water containing dissolved gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3237336B1
EP3237336B1 EP15817869.9A EP15817869A EP3237336B1 EP 3237336 B1 EP3237336 B1 EP 3237336B1 EP 15817869 A EP15817869 A EP 15817869A EP 3237336 B1 EP3237336 B1 EP 3237336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
axis
diffusion chamber
revolution
nozzle
Prior art date
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EP15817869.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3237336A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Thouvenot
Nathalie VIGNERON-LAROSA
Nicolas Roux
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Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
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Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
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Priority to PL15817869T priority Critical patent/PL3237336T3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
    • B01F23/231263—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element having dome-, cap- or inversed cone-shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3415—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with swirl imparting inserts upstream of the swirl chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/305—Treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0422—Numerical values of angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/003—Coaxial constructions, e.g. a cartridge located coaxially within another
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/026—Spiral, helicoidal, radial

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of methods and devices for treating liquid effluents by flotation.
  • Flotation is a technique that aims to separate particles in suspension in a liquid effluent.
  • pressurized water containing a dissolved gas such as air is injected via nozzles 1 at the base of the flotation zone 2 of a flotation reactor inside which the effluent to be treated is routed via a supply pipe 3.
  • gas microbubbles form in the effluent to be treated.
  • These microbubbles on rising to the surface of the effluent to be treated, cling to the particles in suspension, which are essentially in the form of flocs, and carry them with them.
  • These particles on which microbubbles are attached are then called floc-bubble agglomerates.
  • the mixture of effluent and agglomerates passes from the flotation zone 2 to the separation zone 4 of the reactor which are separated from each other by a vertical wall 7.
  • the particles in suspension are thus separated in the zone separation 4.
  • the treated effluent is evacuated in the lower part of the separation zone 4 via a pipe 5 provided for this purpose.
  • the particles separated from the effluent are evacuated in the upper part of the reactor via a chute 6 provided for this purpose.
  • injection nozzles are implemented. They are evenly distributed in the lower part of the flotation zone of the flotation reactor.
  • Liquid effluent treatment manufacturers are constantly increasing the productivity of their treatment facilities. For this, they wish to increase the speed of passage of the effluents to be treated within the treatment facilities to reach speed values of the effluent front greater than 30 to 40 m/h in the separation zone of the flotation reactor. More precisely, the velocity of the effluent front is the velocity of the effluent in the zone located above the vertical wall 7 which separates the flotation zone 2 from the separation zone 4.
  • the maximum admissible speed of passage of an effluent to be treated in a flotation reactor depends on the flotation capacity of the particles in suspension to be separated and of the microbubbles which will attach to them, that is to say agglomerates.
  • the person skilled in the art traditionally seeks to produce the smallest possible microbubbles, that is to say having an equivalent diameter of less than 100 micrometers.
  • the optimum diameter of the microbubbles to guarantee effective flotation without the risk of entrainment of microbubbles with the treated effluent or of floc breaking, for a speed of passage of the effluent to be treated in the reactor around 50 m/h is around 190 micrometers.
  • the size of the microbubbles should be between 100 and 200 micrometers.
  • the document DE3733583A1 discloses a nozzle for producing fine air bubbles by expanding a pressurized fluid.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide an effective solution to at least some of these various problems.
  • an objective of the invention is to provide a technique which makes it possible to optimize the treatment by flotation.
  • the invention aims, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a technique which makes it possible to increase the speed of a treatment by flotation while avoiding the entrainment of gas microbubbles in the treated effluent. .
  • Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a technique which makes it possible to promote the production of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique which is simple and/or effective and/or reliable and/or economic.
  • the flow leaving the expansion chamber is thus set in rotation around the axis of the expansion chamber, that is to say around the axis of the nozzle.
  • This makes it possible to dissipate its energy, and improves the subsequent attachment of the microbubbles with the flocs by avoiding an injection of too turbulent white water within the flow to be treated, and therefore a breakup of the flocs.
  • This also makes it possible to redirect and disperse the flux within the diffusion chamber(s) for better contact with the diffusion wall and a continuation of the energy dissipation.
  • This implementation contributes to maximizing in a simple and effective manner the formation of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.
  • the angle ⁇ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution and the angle ⁇ of inclination of said slots are chosen to maintain a bubble size essentially between 100 and 200 micrometers in exit from said diffusion chamber.
  • said nozzle comprising a sting placed in said expansion chamber facing said orifice and pointing in the direction of the latter.
  • the invention consists in placing a sting in the axis and oriented towards the orifice connecting the inlet chamber and the expansion chamber of a pressurized water injection nozzle containing a dissolved gas .
  • the nozzle according to the invention comprises means for sustaining the rotation of said stream, said sustaining means being housed in said diffusion chamber.
  • Said maintenance means comprise at least two fins extending from the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber to its peripheral contour and being distributed uniformly around this axis, each of said fins extending in a plane passing through an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber and inclined in said direction.
  • a nozzle may comprise at least one frustoconical intermediate diffusion chamber placed between said expansion chamber and said diffusion chamber and whose section widens in the direction of the diffusion chamber.
  • a cone with too large an opening risks not containing the flow and inducing recirculation at the level of the walls because a fluid injected with a significant speed differential in a medium at rest (compared to the injected fluid) will in a whirlwind motion.
  • This intermediate diffusion chamber therefore makes it possible to guide the fluid and to avoid these vortex "recirculations" very present in the event of so-called annular injection (which is the case here since the flow is distributed around an axis via the ports) .
  • a nozzle can comprise lateral water inlets located between said diffusion chamber and said intermediate diffusion chamber.
  • the effluent to be treated contains particles in suspension which constitute, inside the nozzle, nucleation sites which are the site of the formation of microbubbles. This increases the formation of air microbubbles.
  • the inlet diameter of said diffusion chamber may be greater than the outlet diameter of said diffusion chamber intermediate, the inlet of said diffusion chamber overlapping the outlet of said intermediate diffusion chamber to form between them spaces constituting said lateral water inlets.
  • the angle ⁇ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution and the angle ⁇ of said intermediate diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution are identical.
  • the angle ⁇ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution is greater than the angle ⁇ of said intermediate diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution.
  • the value of the angles ⁇ and ⁇ is between 0 and 30° and is different from 0.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination of said slots is between 20 and 60°.
  • the angle ⁇ of inclination of said fins is between 20 and 60°.
  • the bottom, base, or inlet of the nozzle refers to the end where pressurized water enters the nozzle.
  • the top or exit of the nozzle refers to the end where the expanded pressurized water exits the nozzle.
  • such a nozzle comprises an inlet chamber 20 via which pressurized water containing a dissolved gas can be introduced into the nozzle.
  • This inlet chamber 20 comprises an inlet 200 and an outlet 201. It has a cylindrical section of revolution.
  • the height of the arrival chamber 20 is equal to 3/2 times its diameter D.
  • the diameter D is preferably between 10 and 50mm.
  • the diameter d of the orifice 401 is preferably between 2 and 6 mm.
  • the nozzle also includes an expansion chamber 30.
  • the expansion chamber 30 extends in the immersion of the arrival chamber 20 and in the same axis. It has a cylindrical section of revolution. It is separated from the inlet chamber 20 by a wall 40. It comprises an inlet 301 which communicates with the outlet 201 of the inlet chamber 20 by means of an orifice 401 made through the wall 40 along the axis length of the expansion chamber 30.
  • the thickness of the wall 40 is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401
  • the thickness of the expansion chamber 30 is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401
  • the diameter of the expansion chamber 30 is equal to that of the inlet chamber 20.
  • the axes of the slots 901 are inclined in the same direction so as to rotate, in this direction, the water flow flowing out of the expansion chamber as will be explained in more detail later.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ of inclination of the slots 901 with respect to the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber is equal to 45°.
  • the 901 lights are here four in number. They are distributed uniformly around the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber 30.
  • the diameter of the base of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 is equal to that of the expansion chamber 30.
  • the angle ⁇ of this truncated cone with respect to its axis of revolution is equal to 7° .
  • This truncated cone widens from the expansion chamber 30 towards the outlet of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50.
  • the height of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 is equal to 3/2 times the diameter D of the arrival room 20.
  • the expansion chamber 30 houses a stinger 80. This forms a projection on the surface of the wall 90 and points opposite and towards the orifice 401.
  • the stinger 80 is therefore a pointed element forming a projection on the surface of the wall 90 and pointing in the axis and in the direction of the orifice 401.
  • the height of the sting 80 is equal to the height of the expansion chamber.
  • the diameter of the base of the sting is approximately equal to 6/10 of the diameter of the orifice 401.
  • the nozzle comprises a diffusion chamber 60 which extends in the extension of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 and in the same axis. It has the shape of a truncated cone of revolution whose angle ⁇ with respect to its axis of revolution is in this embodiment equal to 15°. This truncated cone widens from the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 towards the outlet of the diffusion chamber 60. The diameter of its base is equal to that of the final diameter of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50. In this embodiment, the height of the diffusion chamber 60 is equal to twice the diameter D of the arrival chamber 20.
  • the diffusion chamber 60 houses fins 70 also called blades. These fins 70 are distributed uniformly around the axis of revolution of the diffusion chamber 60. They each extend from this axis to the peripheral wall of the diffusion chamber 60. In this embodiment, they are four in number. Each fin 70 extends along a plane passing through an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the diffusion chamber 60 and inclined in the direction of rotation of the flow of water leaving the expansion chamber. The angle ⁇ of inclination of the fins 70 is in this mode of realization equal to 45° with respect to the horizontal or a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.
  • the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20 is equal to 27 mm and the diameter d of the orifice 401 is equal to 3.5 mm.
  • the operating ranges of said nozzle are preferably from 3 to 10 bar of pressure and from 0.3 to 3 m 3 /h of flow.
  • the nozzle comprises side water inlets 100 located between the diffusion chamber 60 and the intermediate diffusion chamber 50.
  • the inlet diameter of the diffusion chamber 60 is greater than the outlet diameter of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 and the base of the diffusion chamber 60 overlaps the outlet of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 to spare between them spaces constituting the lateral water inlets 100.
  • a space is thus provided between the diffusion chambers 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 to constitute the lateral water inlets 100.
  • Supports 101 are interposed between the diffusion chambers 60 and intermediate broadcast 50 to link them together at regular intervals.
  • the height of overlap of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 chambers is in this embodiment equal to a quarter of the diameter D of the arrival chamber 20, whereas the distance separating the walls of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion chambers 50 in the overlap zone is equal to one-sixteenth of the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20.
  • angles of the truncated cones of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 chambers are identical and equal to 7°
  • Nozzles according to the invention are intended to be placed at the base of a flotation reactor with the aim of carrying out the treatment of a liquid effluent by flotation.
  • pressurized water containing a dissolved gas such as air is introduced into each nozzle through the inlet chamber 20.
  • the water continues its movement inside the nozzle, passing through the slots 901 to enter the interior of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50.
  • the flow leaving the expansion chamber is set in rotation. This dissipates its energy, and improves the subsequent grip of the microbubbles with the flocs. This also makes it possible to redirect and disperse the flow within the diffusion and intermediate diffusion chambers.
  • the stream continues to move in the nozzle by circulating through the intermediate diffusion chamber 50, the implementation of which makes it possible to avoid azimuth vortices by sticking the stream back to the wall.
  • the flow then passes into the diffusion chamber 60, the implementation of which makes it possible to slow down the flow by dissipating its energy, while providing contact with the wall of the nozzle. Dissipating the energy allows a better floc-bubble grip at the nozzle outlet and avoids breaking the flocs.
  • the flow flows along the fins 70, the implementation of which allows it to retain its rotary motion. This further improves the subsequent adhesion of the microbubbles with the flocs.
  • the implementation of the inclined lights allows the production of microbubbles of sizes whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.
  • the lights must be tilted in such a way that the particles in suspension inevitably meet the upper surface of their contour.
  • the ideal angle of inclination is therefore less than 45° but can be between 20 and 60°.
  • the rotation induced by the inclined lights also makes it possible to make the microbubbles/particles meet less violently than in a turbulent flow and thus to create larger microbubbles.
  • the sting is not essential but makes it possible to homogenize the production of microbubbles by multiplying the nucleation sites.
  • a nozzle according to the second embodiment is identical to that according to the first embodiment except for the fact that under the effect of the displacement of the pressurized water inside the nozzle, the surrounding effluent to be treated in which the nozzle is immersed is sucked by vacuum inside the nozzle at the level of the side water inlets 100.
  • the effluent to be treated contains particles in suspension which constitute, inside the nozzle, nucleation sites which are the site of the formation of microbubbles.
  • the diameter of the inlet chamber of the nozzles was equal to 27 millimeters
  • the diameter of the orifice was equal to 3.5 millimeters
  • the diameter of the sting 80 was equal to 2 mm.
  • the pressure of the pressurized water on entering the inlet chamber was equal to 5 bars and its flow equal to 0.74m 3 /h.
  • the curve of the figure 11 illustrating the results obtained shows that the nozzles according to the invention have allowed the production of a majority of microbubbles of sufficiently large size to make it possible to effectively ensure flotation with a speed of passage of the effluent to be treated in the reactor above 50 m/h.
  • the majority of the microbubbles formed by the nozzle according to the invention have a size close to the optimum size for a speed of 50 m/h calculated by Stokes'law; the microbubbles formed by the nozzles according to the prior art have a part of the population below this threshold and therefore do not have sufficient buoyancy to increase the speeds of passage in the flotation structures.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

1. Domaine de l'invention1. Field of the invention

Le domaine de l'invention est celui des procédés et dispositifs de traitement d'effluents liquides par flottation.The field of the invention is that of methods and devices for treating liquid effluents by flotation.

2. Art antérieur2. Prior Art

De nombreux procédés de traitement d'effluents liquides comprennent une étape de flottation, qui suit généralement des étapes de coagulation et de floculation.Many liquid effluent treatment processes include a flotation step, which generally follows coagulation and flocculation steps.

La flottation est une technique qui vise à séparer des particules se trouvant en suspension dans un effluent liquide.Flotation is a technique that aims to separate particles in suspension in a liquid effluent.

Pour cela, de l'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous comme de l'air est injectée via des buses 1 à la base de la zone de flottation 2 d'un réacteur de flottation à l'intérieur de laquelle l'effluent à traiter est acheminé via une canalisation d'amenée 3. Sous l'effet de la détente du gaz dissous dans cette eau, des microbulles de gaz se forment dans l'effluent à traiter. Ces microbulles, en remontant à la surface de l'effluent à traiter, s'accrochent aux particules en suspension, qui se présentent essentiellement sous la forme de flocs, et les entrainent avec elles. Ces particules sur lesquelles des microbulles sont attachées sont alors appelées agglomérats flocs-bulles. Le mélange d'effluent et d'agglomérats passe de la zone de flottation 2 à la zone de séparation 4 du réacteur qui sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une paroi verticale 7. Les particules en suspension sont ainsi séparées dans la zone de séparation 4. L'effluent traité est évacué en partie inférieure de la zone de séparation 4 via une canalisation 5 prévue à cet effet. Les particules séparées de l'effluent sont quant à elles évacuées en partie supérieure du réacteur via une goulotte 6 prévue à cet effet.For this, pressurized water containing a dissolved gas such as air is injected via nozzles 1 at the base of the flotation zone 2 of a flotation reactor inside which the effluent to be treated is routed via a supply pipe 3. Under the effect of the expansion of the gas dissolved in this water, gas microbubbles form in the effluent to be treated. These microbubbles, on rising to the surface of the effluent to be treated, cling to the particles in suspension, which are essentially in the form of flocs, and carry them with them. These particles on which microbubbles are attached are then called floc-bubble agglomerates. The mixture of effluent and agglomerates passes from the flotation zone 2 to the separation zone 4 of the reactor which are separated from each other by a vertical wall 7. The particles in suspension are thus separated in the zone separation 4. The treated effluent is evacuated in the lower part of the separation zone 4 via a pipe 5 provided for this purpose. The particles separated from the effluent are evacuated in the upper part of the reactor via a chute 6 provided for this purpose.

Afin d'injecter l'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous dans l'effluent à traiter, des buses d'injection sont mises en œuvre. Elles sont réparties de manière uniforme dans la partie inférieure de la zone de flottation du réacteur de flottation.In order to inject pressurized water containing a gas dissolved in the effluent to be treated, injection nozzles are implemented. They are evenly distributed in the lower part of the flotation zone of the flotation reactor.

Ainsi que cela est représenté à la figure 2, qui illustre une buse d'injection développée par la Demanderesse, une telle buse d'injection comprend :

  • une chambre d'arrivée 10 cylindrique pour l'eau pressurisée comprenant une entrée 100 et une sortie 101 ;
  • une chambre de détente 11 cylindrique comprenant une entrée 110 communiquant avec la chambre d'arrivée 10 par un orifice 12 ;
  • une chambre de diffusion 13 dont la section comprend un ou plusieurs troncs de cône de révolution s'étendant dans le prolongement les uns des autres et s'élargissant depuis la chambre de détente vers la sortie de la buse et communiquant avec la chambre de détente 11 au moyen de lumières 14 réparties de manière uniforme autour de l'axe de révolution de la buse.
As shown in the figure 2 , which illustrates an injection nozzle developed by the Applicant, such an injection nozzle comprises:
  • a cylindrical inlet chamber 10 for the pressurized water comprising an inlet 100 and an outlet 101;
  • a cylindrical expansion chamber 11 comprising an inlet 110 communicating with the inlet chamber 10 via an orifice 12;
  • a diffusion chamber 13 whose section includes one or more truncated cones of revolution extending in the extension of each other and widening from the expansion chamber towards the outlet of the nozzle and communicating with the expansion chamber 11 by means of slots 14 uniformly distributed around the axis of revolution of the nozzle.

Les industriels du traitement des effluents liquides n'ont de cesse que d'augmenter la productivité de leurs installations de traitement. Pour cela, ils souhaitent augmenter la vitesse de passage des effluents à traiter au sein des installations de traitement pour atteindre des valeurs de vitesse du front d'effluent supérieures à 30 à 40 m/h dans la zone de séparation du réacteur de flottation. Plus précisément, la vitesse du front de l'effluent est la vitesse de l'effluent dans la zone située au dessus de la paroi verticale 7 qui sépare la zone de flottation 2 de la zone de séparation 4.Liquid effluent treatment manufacturers are constantly increasing the productivity of their treatment facilities. For this, they wish to increase the speed of passage of the effluents to be treated within the treatment facilities to reach speed values of the effluent front greater than 30 to 40 m/h in the separation zone of the flotation reactor. More precisely, the velocity of the effluent front is the velocity of the effluent in the zone located above the vertical wall 7 which separates the flotation zone 2 from the separation zone 4.

La vitesse de passage maximale admissible d'un effluent à traiter dans un réacteur de flottation dépend de la capacité de flottaison des particules en suspension à séparer et des microbulles qui s'attacheront dessus, c'est-à-dire des agglomérats.The maximum admissible speed of passage of an effluent to be treated in a flotation reactor depends on the flotation capacity of the particles in suspension to be separated and of the microbubbles which will attach to them, that is to say agglomerates.

Afin de favoriser l'accrochage des microbulles de gaz aux particules en suspension, l'homme du métier recherche traditionnellement à produire des microbulles les plus petites possibles, c'est-à-dire ayant un diamètre équivalent inférieur à 100 micromètres.In order to promote the attachment of the gas microbubbles to the particles in suspension, the person skilled in the art traditionally seeks to produce the smallest possible microbubbles, that is to say having an equivalent diameter of less than 100 micrometers.

Cette approche tend toutefois à réduire la flottabilité des agglomérats à cause d'un nombre maximal de microbulles attachables par floc et par conséquent à réduire la vitesse du traitement. Ceci est incompatible avec la volonté des industriels d'augmenter la vitesse de traitement.This approach, however, tends to reduce the buoyancy of the agglomerates due to a maximum number of attachable microbubbles per floc and therefore to reduce the processing speed. This is incompatible with the desire of manufacturers to increase processing speed.

A l'opposée, l'utilisation de grosses microbulles, dont le diamètre équivalent est supérieur à 200 micromètres, permet d'augmenter la flottabilité des agglomérats ce qui pourrait permettre d'augmenter la vitesse de traitement. Elle induit toutefois un risque de rupture des flocs de matière à éliminer ainsi qu'une consommation importante.On the other hand, the use of large microbubbles, whose equivalent diameter is greater than 200 micrometers, makes it possible to increase the buoyancy of the agglomerates, which could make it possible to increase the processing speed. However, it induces a risk of rupture of the flocs of material to be eliminated as well as significant consumption.

La loi de Stokes a permis de faire le lien entre la vitesse de traitement de l'effluent au sein d'un réacteur de flottation et la taille des microbulles, comme cela est illustré par la courbe de la figure 3. Comme cela apparaît sur cette courbe, le diamètre optimal des microbulles pour garantir une flottation efficace, sans risque d'entraînement de microbulles avec l'effluent traité ni de rupture de flocs, pour une vitesse de passage de l'effluent à traiter dans le réacteur autour de 30 m/h se situe aux environs de 140 micromètres. Comme cela apparaît également sur cette courbe, le diamètre optimal des microbulles pour garantir une flottation efficace sans risque d'entraînement de microbulles avec l'effluent traité ni de rupture de flocs, pour une vitesse de passage de l'effluent à traiter dans le réacteur autour de 50 m/h se situe aux environs de 190 micromètres.Stokes' law made it possible to establish the link between the rate of treatment of the effluent within a flotation reactor and the size of the microbubbles, as illustrated by the curve of the picture 3 . As shown on this curve, the optimum diameter of the microbubbles to guarantee effective flotation, without risk of entrainment of microbubbles with the treated effluent or of floc breaking, for a speed of passage of the effluent to be treated in the reactor around 30 m/h is around 140 micrometers. As also appears on this curve, the optimum diameter of the microbubbles to guarantee effective flotation without the risk of entrainment of microbubbles with the treated effluent or of floc breaking, for a speed of passage of the effluent to be treated in the reactor around 50 m/h is around 190 micrometers.

Ainsi, pour assurer une flottation efficace et rapide, la taille des microbulles devraient se situer entre 100 et 200 micromètres.Thus, to ensure efficient and rapid flotation, the size of the microbubbles should be between 100 and 200 micrometers.

Il n'existe toutefois pas de buse d'injection permettant de maximiser la production de microbulles ni trop petites ni trop grosses, c'est-à-dire permettant d'augmenter la proportion de microbulles produites dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres, ce qui permettrait en conséquence de réaliser une flottation rapide et efficace.However, there is no injection nozzle that can maximize the production of microbubbles that are neither too small nor too big, that is to say that can increase the proportion of microbubbles produced whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers, which would consequently make it possible to achieve rapid and efficient flotation.

Le document DE3733583A1 divulgue une buse pour produire de fines bulles d'air par détente d'un fluide pressurisé.The document DE3733583A1 discloses a nozzle for producing fine air bubbles by expanding a pressurized fluid.

3. Objectifs de l'invention3. Objects of the invention

L'invention a notamment pour objectif d'apporter une solution efficace à au moins certains de ces différents problèmes.The object of the invention is in particular to provide an effective solution to at least some of these various problems.

En particulier, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, un objectif de l'invention est de fournir une technique qui permette d'optimiser le traitement par flottation.In particular, according to at least one embodiment, an objective of the invention is to provide a technique which makes it possible to optimize the treatment by flotation.

Notamment, l'invention a pour objectif, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir une telle technique qui permette d'augmenter la vitesse d'un traitement par flottation tout en évitant l'entraînement de microbulles de gaz dans l'effluent traité.In particular, the invention aims, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a technique which makes it possible to increase the speed of a treatment by flotation while avoiding the entrainment of gas microbubbles in the treated effluent. .

Un autre objectif de l'invention est, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir une telle technique qui permette de favoriser la production de microbulles dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres.Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a technique which makes it possible to promote the production of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, une telle technique qui soit simple et/ou efficace et/ou fiable et/ou économique.Another object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a technique which is simple and/or effective and/or reliable and/or economic.

4. Présentation de l'invention4. Presentation of the invention

Pour ceci, l'invention propose une buse d'injection d'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous selon la revendication 1, ladite buse comprenant :

  • une chambre d'arrivée cylindrique pour ladite eau ;
  • une chambre de détente cylindrique comprenant une entrée communiquant avec ladite chambre d'arrivée par un orifice et une sortie ;
  • une chambre de diffusion de section tronconique communiquant avec la sortie de ladite chambre de détente et s'élargissant depuis ladite chambre de détente ;
ladite buse comprenant des moyens de mise en rotation du flux d'eau s'écoulant en sortie de ladite chambre de détente.For this, the invention proposes a pressurized water injection nozzle containing a dissolved gas according to claim 1, said nozzle comprising:
  • a cylindrical inlet chamber for said water;
  • a cylindrical expansion chamber comprising an inlet communicating with said inlet chamber via an orifice and an outlet;
  • a diffusion chamber of frustoconical section communicating with the outlet of said expansion chamber and widening from said expansion chamber;
said nozzle comprising means for rotating the flow of water flowing out of said expansion chamber.

Le flux sortant de la chambre de détente est ainsi mis en rotation autour de l'axe de la chambre de détente, c'est-à-dire autour de l'axe de la buse. Ceci permet de dissiper son énergie, et améliore l'accroche ultérieure des microbulles avec les flocs en évitant une injection d'eau blanche trop turbulente au sein du flux à traiter, et donc une brisure des flocs. Ceci permet également de rediriger et de disperser le flux au sein de la ou des chambres de diffusion pour un meilleur contact avec la paroi de diffusion et une continuation de la dissipation d'énergie.The flow leaving the expansion chamber is thus set in rotation around the axis of the expansion chamber, that is to say around the axis of the nozzle. This makes it possible to dissipate its energy, and improves the subsequent attachment of the microbubbles with the flocs by avoiding an injection of too turbulent white water within the flow to be treated, and therefore a breakup of the flocs. This also makes it possible to redirect and disperse the flux within the diffusion chamber(s) for better contact with the diffusion wall and a continuation of the energy dissipation.

On favorise ainsi la formation de microbulles dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres.This promotes the formation of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, ladite sortie de ladite chambre de détente comprend au moins deux lumières réparties de manière uniforme autour de l'axe de révolution de ladite chambre de détente, chacune desdites lumières s'étendant selon un axe :

  • situé dans un plan parallèle à l'axe de révolution de ladite chambre de détente, et
  • incliné par rapport à l'axe de révolution de ladite chambre de détente, les axes desdites lumières étant inclinés dans un même sens de manière à mettre en rotation, selon ledit sens, le flux d'eau s'écoulant en sortie de ladite chambre de détente.
In a particular embodiment, said outlet of said expansion chamber comprises at least two slots distributed uniformly around the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber, each of said slots extending along an axis:
  • located in a plane parallel to the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber, and
  • inclined relative to the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber, the axes of said slots being inclined in the same direction so as to rotate, in said direction, the flow of water flowing at the outlet of said expansion chamber.

Cette mise en œuvre concoure à maximiser de manière simple et efficace la formation de microbulles dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres.This implementation contributes to maximizing in a simple and effective manner the formation of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'angle γ de ladite chambre de diffusion tronconique par rapport à son axe de révolution et l'angle α d'inclinaison desdites lumières sont choisis pour maintenir une taille de bulle essentiellement comprise entre 100 et 200 micromètres en sortie de ladite chambre de diffusion.According to a particular embodiment, the angle γ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution and the angle α of inclination of said slots are chosen to maintain a bubble size essentially between 100 and 200 micrometers in exit from said diffusion chamber.

Le choix de ces valeurs d'angles concoure également à maximiser de manière simple et efficace la formation de microbulles dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres.The choice of these angle values also contributes to maximizing in a simple and effective manner the formation of microbubbles whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, ladite buse comprenant un aiguillon placé dans ladite chambre de détente en regard dudit orifice et pointant en direction de celui-ci.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, said nozzle comprising a sting placed in said expansion chamber facing said orifice and pointing in the direction of the latter.

Ainsi, selon cet aspect, l'invention consiste à placer un aiguillon dans l'axe et orientée vers l'orifice reliant la chambre d'arrivée et la chambre de détente d'une buse d'injection d'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous.Thus, according to this aspect, the invention consists in placing a sting in the axis and oriented towards the orifice connecting the inlet chamber and the expansion chamber of a pressurized water injection nozzle containing a dissolved gas .

La présence de l'aiguillon permet :

  • de répartir de manière homogène l'eau pressurisée à l'intérieur de la chambre de détente ;
  • d'augmenter la surface de nucléation et ainsi d'améliorer l'homogénéité de la taille des microbulles ;
The presence of the sting allows:
  • to evenly distribute the pressurized water inside the expansion chamber;
  • to increase the nucleation surface and thus to improve the uniformity of the size of the microbubbles;

La buse selon l'invention comprend des moyens d'entretien de la mise en rotation dudit flux, lesdits moyens d'entretien étant logés dans ladite chambre de diffusion.The nozzle according to the invention comprises means for sustaining the rotation of said stream, said sustaining means being housed in said diffusion chamber.

Ceci permet au flux s'écoulant dans la buse de conserver son mouvement rotatif. Ceci améliore l'accroche ultérieure des microbulles avec les flocs tout en continuant à dissiper l'énergie du flux injecté ; le flux est stabilisé en limitant les turbulences.This allows the stream flowing through the nozzle to maintain its rotary motion. This improves the subsequent adhesion of the microbubbles with the flocs while continuing to dissipate the energy of the injected flow; the flow is stabilized by limiting turbulence.

Lesdits moyens d'entretien comprennent au moins deux ailettes s'étendant depuis l'axe de révolution de ladite chambre de diffusion jusqu'à son contour périphérique et étant réparties de manière uniforme autour de cet axe, chacune desdites ailettes s'étendant dans un plan passant par un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de révolution de ladite chambre de diffusion et inclinée dans ledit sens..Said maintenance means comprise at least two fins extending from the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber to its peripheral contour and being distributed uniformly around this axis, each of said fins extending in a plane passing through an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber and inclined in said direction..

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, une buse peut comprendre au moins une chambre de diffusion intermédiaire tronconique placée entre ladite chambre de détente et ladite chambre de diffusion et dont la section s'élargit en direction de la chambre de diffusion.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, a nozzle may comprise at least one frustoconical intermediate diffusion chamber placed between said expansion chamber and said diffusion chamber and whose section widens in the direction of the diffusion chamber.

La mise en œuvre d'une chambre de diffusion intermédiaire permet d'éviter les tourbillons azimutaux encore appelés recirculations.The implementation of an intermediate diffusion chamber makes it possible to avoid azimuthal vortices also called recirculations.

Un cône avec une ouverture trop importante risque de ne pas contenir le flux et d'induire une recirculation au niveau des parois car un fluide injecté avec un différentiel de vitesse important dans un milieu au repos (en comparaison avec le fluide injecté) va se mettre dans un mouvement tourbillonnaire. Cette chambre de diffusion intermédiaire permet donc de guider le fluide et d'éviter ces « recirculations » tourbillonnaires très présentes en cas d'injection dite annulaire (ce qui est le cas ici puisque le flux est réparti autour d'un axe via les lumières).A cone with too large an opening risks not containing the flow and inducing recirculation at the level of the walls because a fluid injected with a significant speed differential in a medium at rest (compared to the injected fluid) will in a whirlwind motion. This intermediate diffusion chamber therefore makes it possible to guide the fluid and to avoid these vortex "recirculations" very present in the event of so-called annular injection (which is the case here since the flow is distributed around an axis via the ports) .

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, une buse peut comprendre des entrées d'eau latérales situées entre ladite chambre de diffusion et ladite chambre de diffusion intermédiaire.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, a nozzle can comprise lateral water inlets located between said diffusion chamber and said intermediate diffusion chamber.

L'effluent à traiter contient des particules en suspension qui constituent à l'intérieur de la buse des sites de nucléation qui sont le siège de la formation de microbulles. On augmente ainsi la formation de microbulles d'air.The effluent to be treated contains particles in suspension which constitute, inside the nozzle, nucleation sites which are the site of the formation of microbubbles. This increases the formation of air microbubbles.

Dans ce cas, le diamètre d'entrée de ladite chambre de diffusion pourra être supérieur au diamètre de sortie de ladite chambre de diffusion intermédiaire, l'entrée de ladite chambre de diffusion chevauchant la sortie de ladite chambre de diffusion intermédiaire pour ménager entre elles des espaces constituant lesdites entrées d'eau latérales.In this case, the inlet diameter of said diffusion chamber may be greater than the outlet diameter of said diffusion chamber intermediate, the inlet of said diffusion chamber overlapping the outlet of said intermediate diffusion chamber to form between them spaces constituting said lateral water inlets.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'angle γ de ladite chambre de diffusion tronconique par rapport à son axe de révolution et l'angle β de ladite chambre de diffusion intermédiaire par rapport à son axe de révolution sont identiques.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the angle γ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution and the angle β of said intermediate diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution are identical.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'angle γ de ladite chambre de diffusion tronconique par rapport à son axe de révolution est supérieur à l'angle β de ladite chambre de diffusion intermédiaire par rapport à son axe de révolution.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the angle γ of said frustoconical diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution is greater than the angle β of said intermediate diffusion chamber with respect to its axis of revolution.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, la valeur des angles γ et β est comprise entre 0 et 30° et est différente de 0.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the value of the angles γ and β is between 0 and 30° and is different from 0.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'angle α d'inclinaison desdites lumières est compris entre 20 et 60°.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the angle α of inclination of said slots is between 20 and 60°.

Selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, l'angle ϕ d'inclinaison desdites ailettes est compris entre 20 et 60°.According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the angle ϕ of inclination of said fins is between 20 and 60°.

5. Liste des figures5. List of Figures

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers, donnés à titre de simples exemples illustratifs et non limitatifs, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre le schéma d'un réacteur de flottation ;
  • la figure 2 illustre une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une buse d'injection selon l'art antérieur;
  • la figure 3 illustre le lien entre le diamètre des microbulles et la vitesse de passage d'un effluent à traiter dans un réacteur de flottation selon la loi de Stokes;
  • la figure 4 illustre une vue en perspective d'une buse selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 illustre une vue en coupe longitudinale de la buse illustrée à la figure 4 ;
  • les figures 6 et 7 illustrent deux détails de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 8 illustre une vue de dessus de la buse des figures 4 et 5 ;
  • la figure 9 illustre une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une buse selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 10 illustre une vue en coupe transversale de la buse de la figure 9 selon un plan passant par les entrées d'eau latérales ;
  • la figure 11 illustre des courbes montrant la taille des microbulles formées par la mise en œuvre d'une buse selon l'art antérieur et d'une buse selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the appended drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 illustrates the diagram of a flotation reactor;
  • the picture 2 illustrates a view in longitudinal section of an injection nozzle according to the prior art;
  • the picture 3 illustrates the link between the diameter of the microbubbles and the speed of passage of an effluent to be treated in a flotation reactor according to Stokes'law;
  • the figure 4 illustrates a perspective view of a nozzle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 5 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle shown in figure 4 ;
  • the figures 6 and 7 illustrate two details of the figure 5 ;
  • the figure 8 illustrates a top view of the nozzle of the figures 4 and 5 ;
  • the figure 9 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a nozzle according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the nozzle of the figure 9 along a plane passing through the side water inlets;
  • the figure 11 illustrates curves showing the size of the microbubbles formed by the implementation of a nozzle according to the prior art and a nozzle according to the invention.

6. Description de modes de réalisation particuliers6. Description of particular embodiments 6.1. Architecture6.1. Architecture

Le bas, la base ou l'entrée de la buse désigne l'extrémité par laquelle l'eau pressurisée entre dans la buse. Le haut ou la sortie de la buse désigne l'extrémité par laquelle l'eau pressurisée détendue sort de la buse.The bottom, base, or inlet of the nozzle refers to the end where pressurized water enters the nozzle. The top or exit of the nozzle refers to the end where the expanded pressurized water exits the nozzle.

6.1.1. Premier type6.1.1. First kind

On présente, en relation avec les figures 4 à 8, un premier mode de réalisation d'une buse d'injection selon l'invention.We present, in relation to the figures 4 to 8 , a first embodiment of an injection nozzle according to the invention.

Ainsi que cela est représenté sur ces figures, une telle buse comprend une chambre d'arrivée 20 via laquelle de l'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous peut-être introduite dans la buse. Cette chambre d'arrivée 20 comprend une entrée 200 et une sortie 201. Elle présente une section cylindrique de révolution. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la hauteur de la chambre d'arrivée 20 est égale à 3/2 fois son diamètre D.As shown in these figures, such a nozzle comprises an inlet chamber 20 via which pressurized water containing a dissolved gas can be introduced into the nozzle. This inlet chamber 20 comprises an inlet 200 and an outlet 201. It has a cylindrical section of revolution. In this embodiment, the height of the arrival chamber 20 is equal to 3/2 times its diameter D.

Le diamètre D est préférentiellement compris entre 10 et 50mm.The diameter D is preferably between 10 and 50mm.

Le diamètre d de l'orifice 401 est préférentiellement compris entre 2 et 6 mm.The diameter d of the orifice 401 is preferably between 2 and 6 mm.

La buse comprend également une chambre de détente 30.The nozzle also includes an expansion chamber 30.

La chambre de détente 30 s'étend dans le plongement de la chambre d'arrivée 20 et dans le même axe. Elle présente une section cylindrique de révolution. Elle est séparée de la chambre d'arrivée 20 par une paroi 40. Elle comprend une entrée 301 qui communique avec la sortie 201 de la chambre d'arrivée 20 au moyen d'un orifice 401 ménagé à travers la paroi 40 selon l'axe longitudinal de la chambre de détente 30. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'épaisseur de la paroi 40 est égale au diamètre d de l'orifice 401, l'épaisseur de la chambre de détente 30 est égale au diamètre d de l'orifice 401, le diamètre de la chambre de détente 30 est égal à celui de la chambre d'arrivée 20.The expansion chamber 30 extends in the immersion of the arrival chamber 20 and in the same axis. It has a cylindrical section of revolution. It is separated from the inlet chamber 20 by a wall 40. It comprises an inlet 301 which communicates with the outlet 201 of the inlet chamber 20 by means of an orifice 401 made through the wall 40 along the axis length of the expansion chamber 30. In this embodiment, the thickness of the wall 40 is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401, the thickness of the expansion chamber 30 is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401, the diameter of the expansion chamber 30 is equal to that of the inlet chamber 20.

La buse comprend une chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 qui s'étend dans le prolongement et dans l'axe de la chambre de détente 30. Dans une variante, plusieurs chambres de diffusion intermédiaires pourraient être mises en œuvre les unes dans le prolongement des autres. Elle présente la forme d'un tronc de cône. Celle-ci est séparée de la chambre de détente 30 par une paroi 90 traversée par des lumières 901 qui constituent la sortie de la chambre de détente 30 et l'entrée de la chambre intermédiaire de diffusion 50. La chambre de détente 30 et la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 communiquent ainsi entre elles au moyen des lumières 901. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'épaisseur de la paroi 90 est égale au diamètre d de l'orifice 401, la distance entre l'axe de révolution de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 et l'extrémité de chaque lumière 901 placée vers celui-ci est égale au quart du diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20. Dans ce mode de réalisation également, les lumières 901 présentent une section carrée dont le côté est égal au diamètre d de l'orifice 401. Chaque lumière 901 s'étend selon un axe :

  • situé dans un plan parallèle à l'axe de révolution de la chambre de détente, et
  • incliné par rapport à l'axe de révolution de la chambre de détente.
The nozzle comprises an intermediate diffusion chamber 50 which extends in the extension and in the axis of the expansion chamber 30. In a variant, several intermediate diffusion chambers could be implemented one in the extension of the other. It has the shape of a truncated cone. This is separated from the expansion chamber 30 by a wall 90 traversed by openings 901 which constitute the outlet of the expansion chamber 30 and the inlet of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50. The expansion chamber 30 and the chamber intermediate diffusion 50 thus communicate with each other by means of slots 901. In this embodiment, the thickness of the wall 90 is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401, the distance between the axis of revolution of the chamber of intermediate diffusion 50 and the end of each slot 901 placed towards it is equal to a quarter of the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20. Also in this embodiment, the slots 901 have a square section whose side is equal to the diameter d of the orifice 401. Each slot 901 extends along an axis:
  • located in a plane parallel to the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber, and
  • inclined with respect to the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber.

Les axes des lumières 901 sont inclinés dans un même sens de manière à mettre en rotation, selon ce sens, le flux d'eau s'écoulant en sortie de la chambre de détente comme cela sera expliqué plus en détail par la suite.The axes of the slots 901 are inclined in the same direction so as to rotate, in this direction, the water flow flowing out of the expansion chamber as will be explained in more detail later.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la valeur de l'angle α d'inclinaison des lumières 901 par rapport à l'axe de révolution de la chambre de détente est égale à 45°. Les lumières 901 sont ici au nombre de quatre. Elles sont réparties de manière uniforme autour de l'axe de révolution de la chambre de détente 30.In this embodiment, the value of the angle α of inclination of the slots 901 with respect to the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber is equal to 45°. The 901 lights are here four in number. They are distributed uniformly around the axis of revolution of the expansion chamber 30.

Le diamètre de la base de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 est égal à celui de la chambre de détente 30. Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'angle β de ce tronc de cône par rapport à son axe de révolution est égal à 7°. Ce tronc de cône s'élargi depuis la chambre de détente 30 vers la sortie de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la hauteur de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 est égale à 3/2 fois le diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20.The diameter of the base of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 is equal to that of the expansion chamber 30. In this embodiment, the angle β of this truncated cone with respect to its axis of revolution is equal to 7° . This truncated cone widens from the expansion chamber 30 towards the outlet of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50. In this embodiment, the height of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 is equal to 3/2 times the diameter D of the arrival room 20.

La chambre de détente 30 loge un aiguillon 80. Celui-ci forme saillie à la surface de la paroi 90 et pointe en regard et vers l'orifice 401. L'aiguillon 80 est donc un élément pointu formant saillie à la surface de la paroi 90 et pointant dans l'axe et en direction de l'orifice 401. La hauteur de l'aiguillon 80 est égale à la hauteur de la chambre de détente. Le diamètre de la base de l'aiguillon est environ égal à 6/10 du diamètre de l'orifice 401.The expansion chamber 30 houses a stinger 80. This forms a projection on the surface of the wall 90 and points opposite and towards the orifice 401. The stinger 80 is therefore a pointed element forming a projection on the surface of the wall 90 and pointing in the axis and in the direction of the orifice 401. The height of the sting 80 is equal to the height of the expansion chamber. The diameter of the base of the sting is approximately equal to 6/10 of the diameter of the orifice 401.

La buse comprend une chambre de diffusion 60 qui s'étend dans le prolongement de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 et dans le même axe. Elle présente la forme d'un tronc de cône de révolution dont l'angle γ par rapport à son axe de révolution est dans ce mode de réalisation égal à 15°. Ce tronc de cône s'élargit depuis la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 vers la sortie de la chambre de diffusion 60. Le diamètre de sa base est égal à celui du diamètre final de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50. Dans ce mode de réalisation, la hauteur de la chambre de diffusion 60 est égale à 2 fois le diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20.The nozzle comprises a diffusion chamber 60 which extends in the extension of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 and in the same axis. It has the shape of a truncated cone of revolution whose angle γ with respect to its axis of revolution is in this embodiment equal to 15°. This truncated cone widens from the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 towards the outlet of the diffusion chamber 60. The diameter of its base is equal to that of the final diameter of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50. In this embodiment, the height of the diffusion chamber 60 is equal to twice the diameter D of the arrival chamber 20.

La chambre de diffusion 60 loge des ailettes 70 encore appelées pales. Ces ailettes 70 sont réparties de manière uniforme autour de l'axe de révolution de la chambre de diffusion 60. Elles s'étendent chacune depuis cet axe jusqu'à la paroi périphérique de la chambre de diffusion 60. Dans ce mode de réalisation, elles sont au nombre de quatre. Chaque ailette 70 s'étend selon un plan passant par un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe de révolution de la chambre de diffusion 60 et incliné dans le sens de rotation du flux d'eau en sortie de la chambre de détente. L'angle ϕ d'inclinaison des ailettes 70 est dans ce mode de réalisation égal à 45° par rapport à l'horizontal ou un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de la buse.The diffusion chamber 60 houses fins 70 also called blades. These fins 70 are distributed uniformly around the axis of revolution of the diffusion chamber 60. They each extend from this axis to the peripheral wall of the diffusion chamber 60. In this embodiment, they are four in number. Each fin 70 extends along a plane passing through an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the diffusion chamber 60 and inclined in the direction of rotation of the flow of water leaving the expansion chamber. The angle ϕ of inclination of the fins 70 is in this mode of realization equal to 45° with respect to the horizontal or a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.

Dans ce mode de réalisation :

  • la largeur projetée horizontalement des ailettes 70 est égale au quart du diamètre D la chambre d'arrivée 20 ;
  • la hauteur projetée verticalement des ailettes 70 est égale au quart du diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20
  • la hauteur de leur axe longitudinal par rapport à la base de la chambre de diffusion 60 est égale au diamètre de la chambre d'arrivée 20.
In this embodiment:
  • the horizontally projected width of the fins 70 is equal to a quarter of the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20;
  • the vertically projected height of the fins 70 is equal to a quarter of the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20
  • the height of their longitudinal axis relative to the base of the diffusion chamber 60 is equal to the diameter of the inlet chamber 20.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, le diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20 est égal à 27 mm et le diamètre d de l'orifice 401 est égal à 3,5 mm.In this embodiment, the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20 is equal to 27 mm and the diameter d of the orifice 401 is equal to 3.5 mm.

Les plages de fonctionnement de ladite buse sont préférentiellement de 3 à 10 bar de pression et de 0,3 à 3m3/h de débit.The operating ranges of said nozzle are preferably from 3 to 10 bar of pressure and from 0.3 to 3 m 3 /h of flow.

6.1.2. Deuxième type6.1.2. second kind

On présente en relation avec les figures 9 et 10 un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une buse selon l'invention. Seules les différences entre la buse selon le premier mode de réalisation et la buse selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation sont ici détaillées.We present in relation to the figures 9 and 10 a second embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention. Only the differences between the nozzle according to the first embodiment and the nozzle according to this second embodiment are detailed here.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, la buse comprend des entrées d'eau latérales 100 situées entre la chambre de diffusion 60 et la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50.According to this embodiment, the nozzle comprises side water inlets 100 located between the diffusion chamber 60 and the intermediate diffusion chamber 50.

Pour cela, le diamètre d'entrée de la chambre de diffusion 60 est supérieur au diamètre de sortie de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 et la base de la chambre de diffusion 60 chevauche la sortie de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 pour ménager entre elles des espaces constituant les entrées d'eau latérales 100. Un espace est ainsi ménagé entre les chambres de diffusion 60 et de diffusion intermédiaires 50 pour constituer les entrées d'eau latérales 100. Des supports 101 sont interposés entre les chambres de diffusion 60 et de diffusion intermédiaire 50 pour les relier entre elles à intervalles réguliers.For this, the inlet diameter of the diffusion chamber 60 is greater than the outlet diameter of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 and the base of the diffusion chamber 60 overlaps the outlet of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50 to spare between them spaces constituting the lateral water inlets 100. A space is thus provided between the diffusion chambers 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 to constitute the lateral water inlets 100. Supports 101 are interposed between the diffusion chambers 60 and intermediate broadcast 50 to link them together at regular intervals.

La hauteur de chevauchement des chambres de diffusion 60 et de diffusion intermédiaire 50 est dans ce mode de réalisation égale au quart du diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20, alors que la distance séparant les parois des chambres de diffusion 60 et de diffusion intermédiaire 50 dans la zone de chevauchement est égale au seizième du diamètre D de la chambre d'arrivée 20.The height of overlap of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 chambers is in this embodiment equal to a quarter of the diameter D of the arrival chamber 20, whereas the distance separating the walls of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion chambers 50 in the overlap zone is equal to one-sixteenth of the diameter D of the inlet chamber 20.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, les angles des troncs de cône des chambres de diffusion 60 et de diffusion intermédiaire 50 sont identiques et égaux à 7°In this embodiment, the angles of the truncated cones of the diffusion 60 and intermediate diffusion 50 chambers are identical and equal to 7°

6.2. Fonctionnement6.2. Functioning 6.2.1. Buse du premier type6.2.1. Nozzle of the first type

Des buses selon l'invention sont destinées à être disposées à la base d'un réacteur de flottation dans le but de réaliser le traitement d'un effluent liquide par flottation.Nozzles according to the invention are intended to be placed at the base of a flotation reactor with the aim of carrying out the treatment of a liquid effluent by flotation.

Au cours d'un tel traitement, de l'eau pressurisée contenant un gaz dissous comme de l'air est introduit dans chaque buse par la chambre d'arrivée 20.During such treatment, pressurized water containing a dissolved gas such as air is introduced into each nozzle through the inlet chamber 20.

L'eau pressurisée passe ensuite à travers l'orifice 401 et pénètre la chambre de détente 30 à l'intérieur de laquelle elle subit une forte perte de charge et se détend engendrant la formation de microbulles d'air. La présence de l'aiguillon 80 permet :

  • de répartir de manière homogène l'eau pressurisée à l'intérieur de la chambre de détente ;
  • d'augmenter la surface de nucléation et ainsi d'améliorer l'homogénéité de la taille des microbulles ;
The pressurized water then passes through the orifice 401 and enters the expansion chamber 30 inside which it undergoes a high pressure drop and expands causing the formation of air microbubbles. The presence of the sting 80 allows:
  • to evenly distribute the pressurized water inside the expansion chamber;
  • to increase the nucleation surface and thus to improve the uniformity of the size of the microbubbles;

L'eau poursuit son déplacement à l'intérieur de la buse en passant à travers les lumières 901 pour pénétrer à l'intérieur de la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50.The water continues its movement inside the nozzle, passing through the slots 901 to enter the interior of the intermediate diffusion chamber 50.

Du fait de l'inclinaison des lumières 901 qui forment des chéneaux biseautés, le flux sortant de la chambre de détente est mis en rotation. Ceci permet de dissiper son énergie, et améliore l'accroche ultérieure des microbulles avec les flocs. Ceci permet également de rediriger et de disperser le flux au sein des chambres de diffusion et diffusion intermédiaire.Due to the inclination of the openings 901 which form beveled gutters, the flow leaving the expansion chamber is set in rotation. This dissipates its energy, and improves the subsequent grip of the microbubbles with the flocs. This also makes it possible to redirect and disperse the flow within the diffusion and intermediate diffusion chambers.

Le flux continue de se déplacer dans la buse en circulant à travers la chambre de diffusion intermédiaire 50 dont la mise en œuvre permet d'éviter les tourbillons azimutaux en recollant le flux à la paroi.The stream continues to move in the nozzle by circulating through the intermediate diffusion chamber 50, the implementation of which makes it possible to avoid azimuth vortices by sticking the stream back to the wall.

Le flux passe ensuite dans la chambre de diffusion 60 dont la mise en œuvre permet de ralentir le flux en dissipant son énergie, tout en offrant un contact avec la paroi de la buse. Dissiper l'énergie permet une meilleure accroche floc-bulle en sortie de buse et permet d'éviter de briser les flocs. Le flux s'écoule le long des ailettes 70 dont la mise en œuvre lui permet de conserver son mouvement rotatif. Ceci améliore encore l'accroche ultérieure des microbulles avec les flocs.The flow then passes into the diffusion chamber 60, the implementation of which makes it possible to slow down the flow by dissipating its energy, while providing contact with the wall of the nozzle. Dissipating the energy allows a better floc-bubble grip at the nozzle outlet and avoids breaking the flocs. The flow flows along the fins 70, the implementation of which allows it to retain its rotary motion. This further improves the subsequent adhesion of the microbubbles with the flocs.

Un mélange d'eau et de microbulles, encore appelé eau blanche, sort alors de la buse par l'extrémité de la chambre de diffusion 60.A mixture of water and microbubbles, also called white water, then leaves the nozzle through the end of the diffusion chamber 60.

La mise en œuvre des lumières inclinées permet la production de microbulles de tailles dont le diamètre est compris entre 100 et 200 micromètres. Il faut que les lumières soient inclinées de telles sortes que les particules en suspension rencontrent forcément la surface supérieure de leur contour. L'angle d'inclinaison idéal est donc inférieur à 45° mais peut être compris entre 20 et 60°. La rotation induite par les lumières inclinées permet aussi de faire rencontrer les microbulles/particules moins violemment que dans un flux turbulent et ainsi de créer des microbulles plus grosses.The implementation of the inclined lights allows the production of microbubbles of sizes whose diameter is between 100 and 200 micrometers. The lights must be tilted in such a way that the particles in suspension inevitably meet the upper surface of their contour. The ideal angle of inclination is therefore less than 45° but can be between 20 and 60°. The rotation induced by the inclined lights also makes it possible to make the microbubbles/particles meet less violently than in a turbulent flow and thus to create larger microbubbles.

L'aiguillon n'est pas indispensable mais permet d'homogénéiser la production de microbulles en multipliant les sites de nucléation.The sting is not essential but makes it possible to homogenize the production of microbubbles by multiplying the nucleation sites.

On évite ainsi la formation de microbulles trop petites ou trop grosses qui ne permettent pas d'assurer une flottation rapide et efficace.This avoids the formation of too small or too large microbubbles which do not make it possible to ensure rapid and efficient flotation.

6.2.2. Buse du deuxième type6.2.2. Nozzle of the second type

Le fonctionnement d'une buse selon le deuxième mode de réalisation est identique à celui selon le premier mode de réalisation hormis le fait que sous l'effet du déplacement de l'eau pressurisée à l'intérieur de la buse, l'effluent à traiter environnant dans lequel baigne la buse est aspiré par dépression à l'intérieur de la buse au niveau des entrées d'eau latérales 100.The operation of a nozzle according to the second embodiment is identical to that according to the first embodiment except for the fact that under the effect of the displacement of the pressurized water inside the nozzle, the surrounding effluent to be treated in which the nozzle is immersed is sucked by vacuum inside the nozzle at the level of the side water inlets 100.

L'effluent à traiter contient des particules en suspension qui constituent à l'intérieur de la buse des sites de nucléation qui sont le siège de la formation de microbulles.The effluent to be treated contains particles in suspension which constitute, inside the nozzle, nucleation sites which are the site of the formation of microbubbles.

On augmente ainsi la formation de microbulles d'air.This increases the formation of air microbubbles.

6.3. Résultats6.3. Results

Des essais comparatifs ont été réalisés d'une part avec des buses selon l'art antérieur et d'autre part avec des buses selon le premier mode de réalisation.Comparative tests were carried out on the one hand with nozzles according to the prior art and on the other hand with nozzles according to the first embodiment.

Au cours de ces essais, le diamètre de la chambre d'arrivée des buses était égal à 27 millimètres, le diamètre de l'orifice était égal à 3,5 millimètres et le diamètre de l'aiguillon 80 était égal à 2 mm. La pression de l'eau pressurisée à son entrée dans la chambre d'arrivée était égale à 5 bars et son débit égal à 0.74m3/h.During these tests, the diameter of the inlet chamber of the nozzles was equal to 27 millimeters, the diameter of the orifice was equal to 3.5 millimeters and the diameter of the sting 80 was equal to 2 mm. The pressure of the pressurized water on entering the inlet chamber was equal to 5 bars and its flow equal to 0.74m 3 /h.

La courbe de la figure 11 illustrant les résultats obtenus permet de constater que les buses selon l'invention ont permis la production d'une majorité de microbulles de taille suffisamment importante pour permettre d'assurer de manière efficace une flottation avec une vitesse de passage de l'effluent à traiter dans le réacteur supérieure à 50 m/h. En effet, la majorité des microbulles formées par la buse selon l'invention ont une taille proche de la taille optimale pour une vitesse de 50 m/h calculée par la loi de Stokes ; les microbulles formées par les buses selon l'art antérieur possèdent une partie de la population en deçà de ce seuil et ne possèdent donc pas une flottabilité suffisante pour augmenter les vitesses de passage dans les ouvrages de flottation.The curve of the figure 11 illustrating the results obtained shows that the nozzles according to the invention have allowed the production of a majority of microbubbles of sufficiently large size to make it possible to effectively ensure flotation with a speed of passage of the effluent to be treated in the reactor above 50 m/h. Indeed, the majority of the microbubbles formed by the nozzle according to the invention have a size close to the optimum size for a speed of 50 m/h calculated by Stokes'law; the microbubbles formed by the nozzles according to the prior art have a part of the population below this threshold and therefore do not have sufficient buoyancy to increase the speeds of passage in the flotation structures.

Claims (12)

  1. Nozzle for injecting pressurized water containing a dissolved gas, said nozzle comprising:
    - a cylindrical intake chamber (20) for said water;
    - a cylindrical expansion chamber (30) comprising an inlet (301) communicating with said intake chamber (20) by an orifice (401) and an outlet;
    - a diffusion chamber (60) of truncated conical section communicating with the outlet of said expansion chamber (30) and widening out from said expansion chamber
    said nozzle comprising means for putting the stream of water that flows out of said expansion chamber (30) into rotation, said nozzle also comprising means (70) for sustaining the putting of said stream into rotation, said means for sustaining being housed in said diffusion chamber (60), said means for sustaining comprising at least two blades (70) extending from the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber (60) up to its peripheral contour and being distributed uniformly about this axis, each of said blades (70) extending in a plane passing through an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution of said diffusion chamber (60) and each of said blades (70) being tilted in the sense of rotation of said stream.
  2. Nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said outlet of said expansion chamber (30) comprises at least two apertures (901) crossing a wall (90) separating said expansion chamber (30) and said diffusion chamber (60), said at least two apertures (901) being distributed uniformly about the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber (30), each of said apertures (901) extending along an axis:
    - situated in a plane parallel to the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber (30), and
    - tilted relative to the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber (30), the axes of said apertures being tilted in a same sense so as to put the stream of water flowing out of said expansion chamber (30) into rotation along said sense.
  3. Nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the angle γ of said truncated conical diffusion chamber (60) relative to its axis of revolution and the angle α of tilt of the axis of said apertures (901) relative to the axis of revolution of said expansion chamber are chosen to maintain a bubble size essentially ranging from 100 to 200 micrometers at the exit from said diffusion chamber (60).
  4. Nozzle according to claim 2 or 3, comprising a sharped-pin (80) placed in said expansion chamber (30) facing said orifice (401) and pointing in its direction.
  5. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one truncated conical intermediate diffusion chamber (50) placed between said expansion chamber (30) and said diffusion chamber (60), and having a section that widens in the direction of the diffusion chamber (60).
  6. Nozzle according to claim 5, comprising lateral water inlets (100) situated between said diffusion chamber (60) and said intermediate diffusion chamber (50).
  7. Nozzle according to claim 6, wherein the inlet diameter of said diffusion chamber (60) is greater than the outlet diameter of said intermediate diffusion chamber (50), the inlet of said diffusion chamber (60) overlapping the outlet of said intermediate diffusion chamber (50) to create spaces between said chambers, said spaces constituting said lateral water inlets (100).
  8. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 5 to 7, wherein the angle γ of said truncated conical diffusion chamber (60) relative to its axis of revolution and the angle β of said truncated intermediate diffusion chamber (50) relative to its axis of revolution are identical.
  9. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 5 to 7, wherein the angle γ of said truncated conical diffusion chamber (60) relative to its axis of revolution is greater than the angle β of said truncated intermediate diffusion chamber (50) relative to its axis of revolution.
  10. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 5 to 9 wherein the value of the angles γ of said truncated conical diffusion chamber (60) relative to its revolution axis and β of said truncated intermediate diffusion chamber (50) relative to its revolution axis ranges from 0 to 30° and is different from 0.
  11. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 3 to10, wherein the angle α of tilt of the axis of said apertures (901) ranges from 20° to 60°.
  12. Nozzle according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein the angle ϕ of tilt of said blades (70) ranges from 20° to 60°.
EP15817869.9A 2014-12-24 2015-12-23 Injection nozzle for pressurised water containing dissolved gas Active EP3237336B1 (en)

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RU2017125940A3 (en) 2019-03-20
SG11201704955TA (en) 2017-07-28
MA41240A (en) 2017-10-31
PL3237336T3 (en) 2022-05-02
BR112017013276B1 (en) 2022-04-12
EP3237336A1 (en) 2017-11-01
ES2909918T3 (en) 2022-05-10
FR3031099B1 (en) 2019-08-30
JP6824170B2 (en) 2021-02-03
US10626024B2 (en) 2020-04-21
AR103274A1 (en) 2017-04-26
AU2015370940B2 (en) 2021-01-28
US20170349453A1 (en) 2017-12-07
CN107207287A (en) 2017-09-26
BR112017013276A2 (en) 2018-02-27
JP2018503506A (en) 2018-02-08
CN107207287B (en) 2021-02-02
MX2017008134A (en) 2017-09-18
WO2016102701A1 (en) 2016-06-30
AU2015370940A1 (en) 2017-07-13
DK3237336T3 (en) 2022-04-19
RU2017125940A (en) 2019-01-25
CA2971079C (en) 2021-11-23
FR3031099A1 (en) 2016-07-01
RU2701533C2 (en) 2019-09-27
TN2017000247A1 (en) 2018-10-19
NZ732887A (en) 2021-06-25
CA2971079A1 (en) 2016-06-30

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