EP3236171B1 - Smoke extractor box - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a smoke and heat extractor box. The invention finds its application in the safety of public places and collective dwellings, in which the regulations impose the use of fans capable of extracting high-temperature smoke likely to be present in an apartment of a collective dwelling or a room open to the public, for example in the event of fires.

It is known from FR 2 951 248 A1 , to have such smoke and heat extractor boxes comprising three zones delimited by the side walls, the bottom wall and the roof wall of the box, as well as by internal partitions arranged in the smoke extractor box. The third zone is called air suction zone via an air suction tapping connection formed in a first side wall of the box. The first zone, adjacent to the third, is said to be air discharge via an air discharge tapping connector formed in a second side wall of the box. A fan with axial air inlet coming from the suction zone and with radial air outlet towards the air discharge connection is housed in this first zone, and its function is to ensure the extraction of fumes and heat from the third suction zone to the first discharge zone. Finally, the fan's electric motor is housed in the second so-called technical area. This second zone is isolated from the other two so as to protect the electric motor from overheating. Indeed, the temperature of the first and third zones can be around 400° C. while the temperature of the second zone must not exceed a value compatible with the operation of the electric motor, that is to say around 80° C. .

However, faced with the high temperatures prevailing inside the first and third suction and discharge zones respectively, it is common for the roof wall to deform and bulge due to thermal expansion, creating a space between the edges of the internal partitions and the roof wall. Thermal leaks then occur between the first discharge zone and the second technical zone, causing a very significant increase in the temperature within the second technical zone, risking damage to the electric motor. In addition, the deformation of the roof wall also causes air leaks between the third suction zone and the first discharge zone, causing a drop in the flow rate of the fan and less efficient extraction of smoke and heat.

The present invention aims to overcome the above drawbacks of the prior art.

To achieve this object, the smoke and heat extractor box according to the invention is characterized in that the roof wall of the box comprises a sealing part which comprises a bracket, one branch of which is integral with the internal face of the wall. roof and whose other branch is in sliding contact with a lateral face of the partition separating the second technical zone from the first discharge zone, in the vicinity of the upper edge of this partition, even in the event of deformation by thermal expansion of the roof wall, to protect the electric motor from overheating.

According to another feature, the extractor casing comprises a second internal partition delimiting, in the space formed by the side walls of the casing, a third air suction zone via the air suction tapping connection formed in the first side wall of the box, this third suction zone being adjacent to the first discharge zone.

According to another particular feature, the roof wall comprises a second sealing part integral with the internal face of the roof wall, projecting from this face and being in permanent contact with the partition separating the suction and discharge zones. even in the event of deformation by thermal expansion of the roof wall, this sealing part comprising at least one bracket, one branch of which is integral with the internal face of the roof wall and the other branch of which is in sliding contact with a side face of the partition, in the vicinity of the upper edge of this partition.

According to another feature, the bracket is made of galvanized steel.

According to another feature, the temperature inside the first and third delivery and suction zones respectively is around 400° C., and the temperature inside the second technical zone is around 80° C. .

According to another feature, the fan is supported at one end by the partition separating the suction and discharge zones.

According to another feature, the two partitions are parallel to each other and arranged perpendicularly to the side walls and to the roof wall of the box so that the axis of the fan wheel is parallel to at least one of the axes suction and discharge fittings.

According to another feature, the partitions are arranged obliquely with respect to the side walls and to the roof wall of the box so that the axis of the fan wheel is oblique with respect to the axes of the suction and discharge tapping fittings .

According to another feature, the roof wall is removably fixed to the side walls of the box by means for rapid assembly and disassembly, comprising for example latches.

According to another feature, the roof wall comprises on its outer face a pair of handles to facilitate its handling.

• La figure 1A représente une vue plongeante en perspective d'un caisson extracteur selon un premier mode de réalisation, avec sa paroi de toit en transparence non fixée aux parois latérales ;
• La figure 1B représente le caisson de la figure 1A avec la paroi de toit fixée aux parois latérales du caisson ;
• La figure 2A représente une vue plongeante en perspective d'un caisson extracteur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, avec sa paroi de toit en transparence non fixée aux parois latérales ;
• La figure 2B représente le caisson de la figure 1A avec la paroi de toit fixée aux parois latérales du caisson ;
• La figure 3 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale du caisson de la figure 1A, la paroi de toit étant mise en place ;
• La figure 4 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale du caisson de la figure 1A, la paroi de toit étant mise en place et déformée à cause de la dilatation thermique ;
• La figure 5 représente une vue plongeante en perspective d'un caisson extracteur selon un troisième mode de réalisation, avec sa paroi de toit en transparence fixée aux parois latérales.

The invention will be better understood, and other aims, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the explanatory description which will follow made with reference to the appended drawings given solely by way of example illustrating three embodiments. of the invention and in which:

• The Figure 1A shows a perspective view from above of an extractor box according to a first embodiment, with its transparent roof wall not attached to the side walls;
• The figure 1B represents the box of the Figure 1A with the roof wall attached to the side walls of the box;
• The figure 2A shows a perspective view from above of an extractor box according to a second embodiment, with its transparent roof wall not attached to the side walls;
• The figure 2B represents the box of the Figure 1A with the roof wall attached to the side walls of the box;
• The picture 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the casing of the Figure 1A , the roof wall being put in place;
• The figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the casing of the Figure 1A , the roof wall being put in place and deformed due to thermal expansion;
• The figure 5 shows a perspective view from above of an extractor box according to a third embodiment, with its transparent roof wall attached to the side walls.

With reference to Figures 1A, 1B , 2A, 2B , 3, 4 and 5 , a smoke and heat extractor box 1 will now be described.

The smoke and heat extractor box 1, of parallelepiped shape, comprises in known manner a fan 10 whose wheel 10a is driven by an electric motor 10b, the fan 10 and the electric motor 10b being housed in the box delimited by a wall bottom 17, a roof wall 12 and four side walls 4, 5, 6, 7.

The smoke and heat extractor box 1 is housed in a room, for example a technical room, or else outside, for example on a roof terrace, and has the function of evacuating the air laden with smoke at high temperature, for example in the event of a fire.

In order to allow the extraction of smoke and heat from the room to be smoke-extracted by the fan 10 of the extractor box 1, the latter comprises at least two internal partitions 2, 3 making it possible to divide the internal space of the extractor box into three zones distinct z1, z2, z3.

The first zone, called the discharge zone z1, allows the discharge out of the room to be smoke-extracted of air laden with high temperature smoke by the fan 10. This discharge is also made possible by the presence of a circular tapping connection 9 formed in a second side wall 5 of the casing 1 and which opens into the first discharge zone z1. Alternatively, the tap fitting 9 is square or rectangular.

The third zone, called the suction zone z3, allows the suction of air laden with high temperature smoke thanks to the fan 10. This suction is also made possible by the presence of a circular tapping connection 8 formed in a first side wall 4 of box 1 and which opens into third suction zone z3. Alternatively, the tap fitting 8 is square or rectangular. Given the high temperature of the fumes loading the air sucked in and discharged by the fan 10, the temperature prevailing inside this first zone z1 is around 400° C. in the context of the extraction of this type of fumes.

The second zone, called technical zone z2, provides housing for the electric motor 10b driving the wheel 10a of the fan 10, and any electrical boxes for controlling, piloting and/or regulating the electric motor 10b. This second technical zone z2 is thermally insulated from the other two zones z1, z3 thanks to the roof wall 12 of the box 1 which bears against the upper edges of the two internal partitions 2, 3, so that the temperature prevailing inside this second zone z2 does not exceed 80°C. This thermal insulation of the second technical zone z2 makes it possible to accommodate a standard electric motor 10b therein. Preferably, this electric motor 10b is fixed to the internal partition 2 separating the discharge zone z2 from the technical zone z3. Alternatively, the electric motor 10b is fixed, via a suitable support, to the bottom wall 17 of the box 1.

To ensure the suction and the discharge of air from the third suction zone z3 towards the first discharge zone z1, the fan 10 is supported at one of its ends by the internal partition 3 separating the zones of suction z3 and discharge z1. Furthermore, the fan 10 comprises an axial air inlet coming from the third suction zone z3, and a radial air outlet towards the discharge zone z1.

The figures 1A and 1B illustrate a first embodiment of the extractor box 1. In this embodiment, the two internal partitions 2, 3 are flat, parallel to each other and arranged perpendicular to the side walls 4, 5, 6, 7 and to the bottom walls 17 and roof 12 of the box 1. In particular, each internal partition 2, 3 is secured by its edges on the one hand to the bottom wall 12 and on the other hand to the second side wall 5 in which is formed the connection of air discharge tapping as well as a third side wall 6 of the casing 1 opposite the second 5.

In addition, the first side wall 4 of the casing 1, in which the air suction tapping connection 8 is formed, is opposite the partition 3 separating the suction zone z3 from the zone of outlet z1 and is parallel to this partition 3, so that the axis of the wheel 10a of the fan 10 is parallel to the axis of this air intake tapping connector 8. The axis of the air intake tapping connector air discharge 9 formed in the second side wall 5 of the box 1, and communicating with the discharge zone z1, is itself perpendicular to the axis of the wheel 10a of the fan 10 to ensure optimal extraction of the fumes charging the the air discharged by the fan 10 via the first discharge zone z1. The axes of the two tapping fittings respectively suction 8 and discharge 9 are therefore mutually perpendicular.

In this first embodiment, the smoke and heat extractor box 1 according to the invention comprises a first sealing part 15 and a second sealing part 16 integral with the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box. 1. These first and second sealing parts 15, 16 protrude from the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box 1 and are in permanent and sliding contact respectively with the internal partition 2 separating the first discharge zone z1 from the second technical zone z2, and with the internal partition 3 separating the third suction zone z3 from the first discharge zone z1. In addition, these sealing parts 15, 16 extend transversely to the second side wall 5 of the box in which the air discharge tapping connector 9 is formed.

As we understand with the figures 3 and 4 , even in the event of deformation of the roof wall 12 by thermal expansion, these sealing parts 15, 16 remain in contact with the corresponding internal partitions 2, 3. Thus, the second sealing part 16 prevents air leaks from the third suction zone z3 to the first discharge zone z1, avoiding a drop in the flow rate of the fan 10 and therefore a less good extraction of fumes and the heat. The first sealing piece 15 prevents thermal leaks from the first discharge zone z1 to the second technical zone z2, protecting the electric motor 10b from overheating.

Each sealing part 15, 16 comprises a bracket preferably made of galvanized steel, one branch of which is for example riveted or welded to the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box 1, while the other branch is in contact sliding with a side face of the corresponding partition 2, 3, in the vicinity of the upper edge of this partition 2, 3, this upper edge being opposite the roof wall 12 of the box 1.

The figures 2A and 2B illustrate a second embodiment of the casing 1. In this embodiment, the extractor casing 1 is designed for an in-line arrangement of the respectively suction 8 and discharge 9 tapping fittings formed respectively in the first side wall 4 and the second side wall 5 of the casing 1. The suction 8 and discharge 9 tapping connections are preferably eccentric, and communicate respectively with the third suction zone z3 and the first discharge zone z1. The fan 10 is arranged obliquely in the box 1, so that the angle formed between the axis of the wheel 10a of the fan 10 and the axis of the suction 8 or discharge 9 connection or obtuse, preferably around 135°. In this way, the pressure drops are relatively low.

The internal partition 3 separating the third suction zone z3 from the first discharge zone z1 comprises a first plate 3a and a second plate 3b each integral with each other at one of their edges, while the internal partition 2 separating the second technical zone z2 of the first push-back zone z1 comprises a third plate 2a and a fourth plate 2b also integral with each other at one of their edges.

The first plate 3a extends obliquely in the box as far as a third side wall 6 of the extractor box 1, and the second plate 3b integral with the first plate 3a extends as far as a fourth side wall 7 of the box 1 perpendicularly to this one. Alternatively, this second plate 3b can also extend obliquely into the extractor box 1.

The third plate 2a extends obliquely in the casing as far as the second side wall 5 comprising the discharge connection 9 of the extractor casing 1, and the fourth plate 2b integral with the third plate 2a extends obliquely in the casing 1 up to the second plate 3b in the box 1. Preferably, the third and fourth plates 2a, 2b are mutually perpendicular. Alternatively, this fourth plate 2b extends as far as the fourth side wall 7 of the extractor box 1.

The first and fourth plates 3a, 2b of the internal partitions 2, 3 are parallel to each other. Such an arrangement of the internal partitions 2, 3 of the extractor box 1 in this second embodiment makes it possible to obtain a third suction zone z3 of a larger volume compared to this same zone z3 of the box 1 according to the first embodiment. of achievement represented in figures 1A and 1B , the external dimensions of the extractor box 1 remaining identical.

Finally, and preferably, the side walls 5, 7 of the box 1 forming the walls of the second technical area z2 are perforated to allow air circulation with the outside.

In this second embodiment, the smoke and heat extractor box 1 according to the invention comprises a first sealing part 15 and a second sealing part 16 integral with the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box. 1. These first and second sealing parts 15, 16 protrude from the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box 1 and are in permanent contact respectively with the internal partition 2 separating the first discharge zone z1 from the second technical zone z2, and with the internal partition 3 separating the third suction zone z3 from the first discharge zone z1. Even in the event of deformation of the roof wall 12 by thermal expansion, these sealing parts 15, 16 remain in contact with the corresponding internal partitions 2, 3 in the manner of the figure 4 relating to the first embodiment.

Preferably, each sealing part 15, 16 comprises two brackets 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b of galvanized steel, one branch of each bracket 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b of which is riveted or welded to the internal face 13 of the wall roof 12 of box 1, while the other branch of each bracket 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b is in sliding contact with a side face of one of the plates 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b constituting the internal partitions 2, 3, near the upper edge of this plate 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b. Thus, the two brackets 16a, 16b of the second sealing piece 16 prevent air leaks from the third suction zone z3 to the first discharge zone z1, avoiding a drop in the flow rate of the fan 10 and therefore poorer smoke and heat extraction. The two brackets 15a, 15b of the first sealing part 15 prevent thermal leaks from the first discharge zone z1 to the second technical zone z2, protecting the electric motor 10b from overheating.

In the two embodiments of the casing described above, the roof wall 12 of the casing 1 according to the invention is removably fixed to the side walls 4, 5, 6, 7 of the casing 1 by quick mounting and dismounting means 18 , comprising for example onesies. Preferably, these rapid assembly and disassembly means 18 provide four removable attachment points for the roof wall 12 to the side walls 4, 5, 6, 7 of the box 1, in the vicinity of the peaks of the roof wall 12. In addition, to facilitate handling of the roof wall 12, the latter comprises two handles 19 fixed to its outer face 14.

The figure 5 illustrates a third embodiment. This embodiment is close to the first, but comprises only one internal partition 2 separating a first discharge zone z1 from a second technical zone z2.

In this third embodiment, the smoke and heat extractor box 1 according to the invention comprises a first sealing part 15 and a second sealing part 16 as described above in relation to the first embodiment of the invention, and integral with the inner face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box 1. These first and second sealing parts 15, 16 protrude from the inner face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box 1 and are in permanent contact respectively with the internal partition 2 separating the first discharge zone z1 from the second technical zone z2, and with the first side wall 4 of the extractor box 1. In addition, these sealing parts 15, 16 extend transversely to the second side wall 5 of the box in which is formed the air discharge tapping connector 9 communicating with the discharge zone z1.

Even in the event of deformation of the roof wall 12 by thermal expansion, these sealing parts 15, 16 remain in contact respectively with the internal partition 2 and with the first side wall 4 of the box 1. Thus, the second part of sealing 16 prevents air leaks from the outside of box 1 towards the first discharge zone z1, avoiding a drop in the flow rate of fan 10 and therefore less effective extraction of fumes and heat. The first sealing piece 15 prevents thermal leaks from the first discharge zone z1 to the second technical zone z2, protecting the electric motor 10b from overheating.

As previously described in relation to the first embodiment, each sealing part 15, 16 comprises a bracket preferably made of galvanized steel, one branch of which is for example riveted or welded to the internal face 13 of the roof wall 12 of the box. 1, while the other branch is in sliding contact with a side face of the partition 2 or of the corresponding side wall 4, in the vicinity of the upper edge of this partition 2 or side wall 4, this upper edge being opposite - screws of the roof wall 12 of the box.

The configuration as described is not limited to the embodiments previously described and shown in the Figures 1A, 1B , 2A, 2B , 3 and 4 . It has been given only by way of non-limiting example. Multiple modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, one could imagine installing only the first sealing part 15, to avoid thermal leaks from the first discharge zone z1 to the second technical zone z2. One could also imagine installing more sealing parts, in particular sealing parts in permanent contact with the side walls 5, 7 of the extraction box 1, even in the event of deformation of the roof wall 12 by thermal expansion. , to reinforce the tightness of the first and second zones z1, z2, or even of the third zone z3. Finally, the air discharge connection (9), communicating with the first discharge zone z1, can be formed in the roof wall (12) of the box. In this case, the fan (10) is discharged vertically, the axes of the suction (8) and discharge (9) tapping connections respectively being mutually perpendicular.

Claims (10)

1. A smoke and heat extractor box (1), comprising at least one inner partition (2) delimiting, in the space formed by the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) of the box (1), two zones (z1, z2), respectively a first air discharge zone (z1) for sucking air via an air suction tapping connector (8) formed in a first lateral wall (4) of the box (1), the air being discharged from this zone (z1) to the outside via an air discharge tapping connector (9) formed in a second lateral wall (5) or in a roof wall (12) of the box (1) and in which discharge zone (z1) a fan (10) is housed with axial suction air inlet and radial air outlet toward the air discharge tapping connector (9), and a second technical zone (z2) in which an electric motor (10b) is housed for driving the fan (10), the second technical zone (z2) being isolated by the roof wall (12) fixed on the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) of the box (1) and bearing on the inner partition (2), characterized in that the roof wall (12) comprises a sealing part (15) that comprises at least one bracket whereof one branch is secured to the inner face of the roof wall (12) and whereof the other branch is in sliding contact with a lateral face of the partition (2) separating the second technical zone (z2) from the first discharge zone (z1), near the upper edge of this partition, even in case of deformation by thermal expansion of the roof wall (12), to protect the electric motor (10b) from overheating.
2. The extractor box (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second inner partition (3) delimiting, in the space formed by the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) of the box (1), a third air suction zone (z3) via the air suction tapping connector (8) formed in the first lateral wall (4) of the box (1), this third suction zone (z3) being adjacent to the first discharge zone (z1).
3. The extractor box (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the roof wall (12) comprises a second sealing part (16) secured to the inner face of the roof wall (12) while projecting from the space and while being in permanent contact with the partition (3) separating the suction (z3) and discharge (z1) zones even in case of deformation by thermal expansion of the roof wall (12), this sealing part (16) comprising at least one bracket whereof one branch is secured to the inner face of the roof wall (12) and whereof the other branch is in sliding contact with a lateral face of the partition (3), near the upper edge of this partition.
4. The extractor box (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bracket (15, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b) is made from galvanized steel.
5. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the temperature inside the first and third zones, respectively, for discharge (z1) and suction (z3) is about 400°C, and the temperature inside the second technical zone (z2) is about 80°C.
6. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that the fan (10) is supported at one end by the partition (3) separating the suction (z3) and discharge (z2) zones.
7. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 2, 3, 5 or 6, characterized in that the two partitions (2, 3) are parallel to one another and arranged perpendicularly relative to the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) and to the roof wall (12) of the box (1) such that the axis of the wheel (10a) of the fan (10) is parallel to at least one of the axes of the suction tapping (8) and discharge (9) connectors.
8. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 2, 3 5 or 6, characterized in that the partitions (2, 3) are arranged obliquely relative to the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) and to the roof wall (12) of the box (1) such that the axis of the wheel (10a) of the fan (10) is oblique relative to the axes of the suction tapping (8) and discharge (9) connectors.
9. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the roof wall (12) is removably fastened to the lateral walls (4, 5, 6, 7) of the box by quick assembly and disassembly means (18), for example comprising toggle latches.
10. The extractor box (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the roof wall (12) comprises, on its outer face (14), a pair of handles (19) for facilitating handling thereof.

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