Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
  • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/13—Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/24—Vector control not involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
  • H02P21/28—Stator flux based control

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of synchronous machines and, more specifically, to a method and a device for evaluation of operating parameters as well as a process and a control system for a synchronous machine. It also relates to an assembly comprising said control system and a synchronous machine such as a compressor adapted to be used within an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle.
• a synchronous electric machine comprises two concentric parts.
• the synchronous electric machine comprises a first fixed part such as a stator.
• the stator comprises several windings also called stator windings or winding phases located on the periphery of said stator.
• stator windings also called stator windings or winding phases located on the periphery of said stator.
• the synchronous electric machine comprises a second fixed part, such as a rotor, capable of rotating.
• the rotor comprises either a plurality of rotor windings or permanent magnets for producing a magnetic field.
• stator and the rotor are separated by a gap. In the presence of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field of the rotor, the rotor is rotated. In order, in particular, to control the energy consumed by a synchronous machine, it is necessary to determine the angular position of the rotor. Thus, the supply of the stator winding phases can be optimized to produce maximum torque.
• position sensors to determine the angular position of the rotor.
• These position sensors are, for example, Hall effect sensors fixed to the stator. Hall effect sensors are adapted to operate with a magnetic target to switch current in the stator winding phases during magnetic field reversals.
• Hall effect sensors are adapted to operate with a magnetic target to switch current in the stator winding phases during magnetic field reversals.
• the use of such position sensors is relatively expensive and complex given the size of said position sensors within the synchronous machine.
• the invention relates to a method of evaluating operating parameters of a synchronous machine comprising, on the one hand, a stator, configured to generate an electromagnetic field rotating relative to said stator, and, secondly, a rotor such that the rotating electromagnetic field drives the rotor in rotation, said evaluation method comprising, for a measurement cycle N, the following steps: receiving the value of first and second current components and first and second voltage components of a current applied to said stator;
• the step of determining an estimated value of the rotor speed comprises determining the value of the acceleration of the rotor.
• said method comprises a step of determining the value of the angular position of the rotor.
• said method comprises a step of correcting the value of the angular position of the rotor as a function of the result of the comparison of the value of the first and second components of the counter-electromotive force with the value of the first and second components of the rotor. the intensity I of a measuring cycle N to correct the angular position of the rotor for a measurement cycle N + 1.
• the invention relates to a process for controlling a synchronous machine comprising the following steps:
• the invention relates to a device for evaluating operating parameters of a synchronous machine comprising, on the one hand, a stator, configured to generate a field electromagnetic rotating relative to said stator, and, secondly, a rotor so that the rotating electromagnetic field drives the rotor in rotation, said device comprising a first observation device and a second observation device for carrying out the method of evaluation of operating parameters described above.
• the invention relates to a control system of a synchronous machine comprising a device for evaluating operating parameters as described above and a device for adapting the current applied to the stator in function. the estimated value of the rotor speed.
• the invention relates to an assembly comprising a control system as described above and a compressor controlled by said control system, said compressor being adapted to operate within an air conditioning system. 'a motor vehicle.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a control system comprising a control device. control according to the invention and used for a synchronous machine, according to one embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the steps of the control method performed by the control device according to FIG. 1;
• Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the estimated values of the rotor speed using an observation device, for an initial speed of 600 rpm, according to one embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 4 shows a graphical representation of the estimated velocity values using the observation device and a regulating device, for an initial speed of 600 revolutions per minute, according to one embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 5 shows a graphical representation of a first and a second phase subjected to a load and regulated by means of the control method, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a control system 10 for controlling a synchronous machine 12 such as a synchronous machine with permanent magnets.
• the synchronous machine 12 is a three-phase synchronous machine comprising a stator (not shown) provided with three stator windings and a rotor (not shown) provided with a plurality of permanent magnets.
• the rotor and the stator are separated by an air gap (not shown).
• the rotor is rotated according to an initial speed determined under the influence of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator.
• the number of rotations of the rotor corresponds to a plurality of measurement cycles.
• a measurement cycle corresponds to a duration of the order of 100 ⁇ (microsecond).
• the control system 10 comprises a speed control device 14 for receiving and transmitting information relating to a predetermined threshold speed or initial speed of rotation of the rotor of the synchronous machine 12.
• control receives as input an information corresponding to the difference between a setpoint value and an estimated value of the rotor speed. It outputs a torque setpoint value for matching the current applied to the stator.
• the control system 10 also includes an intensity control device 16 for receiving the information from the speed control device 14 and producing the voltages to be applied to the three stator windings.
• the control system 10 comprises a first conversion device 18 for converting a set of values of the voltage V relating to the direct and quadrature components Vd, Vq into a rotating reference mark (d, q) into a set of values relating to the corresponding components. Va, ⁇ in a fixed reference ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
• the control system 10 comprises a second conversion device 20 for converting the set of values of the components Va, ⁇ into a set of values relating to the corresponding components Va, Vb, Vc of the voltage V.
• the control system 10 comprises an electronic power device 22, such as an inverter, capable of receiving, as input, all the values of the components Va, Vb, Vc of the voltage V in order to provide, at the output, a set of values relative to the corresponding components of the intensity la, Ib, the.
• an electronic power device 22 such as an inverter
• the control system 10 also comprises a third measuring and conversion device 24 for measuring the set of values relating to the components Ia, Ib, and of the intensity and converting said values to obtain a set of values relating to the corresponding components ⁇ , ⁇ in the fixed reference ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
• the control system 10 also comprises a fourth conversion device 26 for converting the values of the components ⁇ , ⁇ into a set of corresponding component values Id, Iq in the rotating marker (d, q).
• a storage device (not shown) makes it possible to store the different values obtained for the set of values of the components Va, ⁇ of the voltage V and the set of values of the components ⁇ , ⁇ of the intensity I.
• Control system 10 according to the invention also includes an operating parameter evaluation device 28.
• the operating parameter evaluation device 28 comprises a first observation device 30, such as a sliding mode observer.
• the first observation device 30 receives, as input, the values stored in the storage device.
• the first observation device 30 makes it possible to calculate the estimated values ea, ⁇ of the first and the second component of the counter-electromotive force of the stator for a given measurement cycle N.
• the first observation device 30 also determines the value of the angular position ⁇ of the rotor for the measurement cycle N.
• the estimated values ea, ⁇ of the back EMF are stored within the storage device.
• the operating parameter evaluation device 28 also comprises a second observation device 32 comprising an integral proportional type controller 34, said PI controller 34, and a speed observer 36.
• the PI controller 34 receives as input the estimated value of the rotor acceleration transmitted by the speed observer 36 described below in order to calculate the corresponding value of the rotor speed.
• the PI controller 34 makes it possible to control the convergence dynamics of the estimated value of the rotational speed of the rotor.
• the speed observer 36 receives, as input, the estimated values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force of the stator for a measuring cycle N.
• the speed observer 36 also has the values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force of the stator for a measurement cycle N1 available within the storage device.
• the speed observer 36 can compare the values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the back electromotive force measured during a cycle N and during a cycle N1 to calculate a corrected value of said first and second components ea, ⁇ .
• the speed observer 36 also makes it possible to calculate, at the output, the estimated value of the rotor acceleration for a measurement cycle N.
• FIG. 2 shows the various steps of the method according to the invention relating to the operation of the device of FIG. evaluation of operating parameters 28 within the control system 10.
• the observation device 30 receives as input the values measured and stored in the memory device relating to the first and the second intensity component ⁇ , ⁇ , and the first and second voltage component Va, ⁇ for a measurement cycle N.
• the observation device 30 estimates the value of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the back electromotive force as well as the angular position of the rotor for a measurement cycle N.
• a step 220 the values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force are transmitted to the second observation device 32, intended for the observer of speed 36.
• step 230 the speed observer 36 calculates the value of the acceleration of the rotor by using the values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force of the measurement cycle N and those estimated during a previous measurement cycle Nl.
• the speed observer 36 transmits the value of the acceleration of the rotor to the controller PI 34.
• a step 240 the speed observer 36 calculates the corrected values of the first and second components of the counter electromotive force ea, ⁇ .
• the PI controller 34 calculates the estimated value fiest of the rotor speed.
• the PI controller 34 transmits the estimated value Oest of the rotor speed to the speed observer 36 and the first observation device 30.
• a correction step (not shown) is applied, so that iterative for each measurement cycle N, to the components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force to calculate the corrected values of said first and second components ea, ⁇ .
• the first observation device 30 calculates a corrected value of the position of the rotor.
• the first observation device 30 uses on the one hand the estimated value fiest of the rotor speed and, on the other hand, the result of the comparison of the values of the first and second components ea, ⁇ of the counter-electromotive force for a measurement cycle N with the values of the first and second components ⁇ , ⁇ of the intensity for a measurement cycle Nl.
• the value of the corrected rotor position thus obtained is then transmitted, as shown in FIG.
• Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the estimated values of the rotor speed using only the observation device 30, for a determined initial speed of 600 rpm.
• the signal shown in FIG. 3 shows the presence of a large number of oscillations when determining the estimated speed of the rotor.
• the synchronous machine 12 may be a compressor of a hybrid, electric or thermal motor vehicle.
• the compressor is adapted to operate within an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, in particular to cool the passenger compartment of said motor vehicle.
• the compressor also provides the functions of defrosting the windshield of the motor vehicle and cooling the electric battery.
• the control method according to the invention enables said compressor to operate by managing the large load variations, that is to say by rejecting the load variations, to start with a significant load which represents for example 80% of the maximum torque. , operating at low speed and with a large load, and operating, between a start phase and a slowdown phase, at a relatively fast transition speed.
• Figure 5 shows a graph showing the variations of a first phase at low speed and a second phase relating to a transition speed.
• a load S of a value of 2.5 Nm (Newton meter) which represents about 50% of the maximum torque is introduced during the first phase and during the second phase.
• the response speed of the control system according to the invention is relatively high, which means that the disturbance introduced by the load S is quickly rejected.
• this speed of adaptation of the control system according to the invention demonstrates the stability of the control provided by the control method according to the invention as well as the robustness of the system according to the invention in the presence of disturbances.
• the control method according to the invention is therefore an iterative process which makes it possible, in real time, to correct the position of the rotor for a measurement cycle N + 1, by using the data measured during a measurement cycle N and Nl.
• the invention includes algorithms of low complexity within the operating parameter evaluation device 28. Therefore, the method of control according to the invention can be used, advantageously, for embedded systems.
• control system according to the invention does not require specific hardware.
• manufacturing cost of such a control system is relatively small.
• control method according to the invention can be applied on a large scale of speed values, ranging for example from a few hundred to a few thousand revolutions per minute.
• control system according to the invention remains reliable for large phase transitions and does not depend on the variation of the parameters of the synchronous machine.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-12-17 WO PCT/IB2015/059705 patent/WO2016098032A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-12-17 EP EP15832955.7A patent/EP3235117A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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