EP3235022A1 - Accumulateur au lithium avec emballage isolant thermiquement a deux couches et avec caloduc pour la gestion thermique - Google Patents
Accumulateur au lithium avec emballage isolant thermiquement a deux couches et avec caloduc pour la gestion thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3235022A1 EP3235022A1 EP15810636.9A EP15810636A EP3235022A1 EP 3235022 A1 EP3235022 A1 EP 3235022A1 EP 15810636 A EP15810636 A EP 15810636A EP 3235022 A1 EP3235022 A1 EP 3235022A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- package
- heat pipe
- electrochemical
- accumulator according
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 styrenic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 60
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004412 Bulk moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003677 Sheet moulding compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002348 vinylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
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- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
- H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
- H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/296—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of lithium electrochemical generators, which operate according to the principle of insertion or deinsertion, or in other words intercalation-deintercalation, of lithium in at least one electrode.
- the invention particularly relates to a lithium electrochemical accumulator, in particular lithium-ion battery whose packaging is mechanically resistant and fireproof and thermally insulating, and whose thermal management is provided by a heat pipe, both in normal operation and in case of abnormal operation of the cell (s) electrochemical (s) of the accumulator.
- a lithium battery or accumulator usually comprises one or more electrochemical cells each consisting of an electrolyte constituent between a positive electrode or cathode and a negative or anode electrode, a current collector connected to the cathode, a current collector connected to a the anode and finally a package arranged to contain the electrochemical cell (s) with sealing while being traversed by a portion of the current collectors.
- the primary function of a package is to separate the inside of the battery from the outside.
- the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell must never come into contact with traces of moisture, at the risk of producing hydrofluoric acid and greatly degrading the performance of the cell.
- a package must also withstand high mechanical stresses coming either from the outside (shocks, vibrations) or from the inside (pressure in case of failure of the electrochemical cell).
- a packaging also has thermal protection functions: it must allow the battery to withstand an external fire sufficiently long. Furthermore, it must be avoided that the thermal runaway of a cell can spread to neighboring cells, or a module grouping several cells to neighboring modules.
- the cell (s) in normal operation gives off the heat that must be discharged outside the packaging, in order to avoid excessive temperature inside the packaging.
- the existing battery packs are most often metallic and rigid or flexible and in the form of laminated layers.
- the existing packages of module and battery-pack with several modules are most often metallic and rigid. In all these cases, the packages are thermally conductive, which is favorable in terms of operating conditions but unfavorable in terms of safety in the event of abnormal operation of the cell (s).
- a heat pipe consists of a sealed enclosure containing a heat transfer fluid which absorbs heat by vaporizing in an area called heated zone or evaporator, and restores it by liquefying in another zone called cooled zone or condenser.
- a heat pipe allows to passively exchange heat flows two orders of magnitude higher than the best metals in the same geometry.
- FIG. 1A describes a battery 100 according to this patent application by using new numerical references.
- This battery 100 comprises a housing and a plurality of electrochemical cells C arranged in the lower compartment 301 of the housing.
- the electrochemical cells are cooled by pulsed heat pipes 201 and are in contact with the heated zone 240 of the heat pipes.
- the cooled zone 230 of these pulsed heat pipes 201 is in the upper housing compartment which comprises a phase change material with high thermal inertia.
- the upper housing compartment is connected to a heatsink not shown.
- the patent application FR 2989323 A1 describes a battery module comprising cells arranged in a compartment, these cells being in direct contact with heat pipes operating by capillarity.
- the cooled zone of each heat pipe is integrated in a matrix with a phase change material.
- the phase change material is in contact with a heat sink.
- the patent application US 2011/0206965 A1 describes a battery with a plurality of electrochemical cells and heat pipes inserted between two individual cells, the cells and heat pipes being all arranged in the same housing.
- the cooled zone of each heat pipe is equipped with fins to improve the cooling and to homogenize the temperature inside the housing.
- the patent application US 2011/0000241 A1 describes a battery with a plurality of electrochemical cells and an associated heat pipe, arranged in the same housing, the cooled zone of the heat pipe being connected to an active cooling device which is a heat exchanger. .
- the patent application FR 2,539,919 describes a battery 100, reproduced in FIG. 1B, comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells C arranged inside a thermal protection envelope 300 and a heat pipe 200.
- the heated zone 240 of the heat pipe located inside the casing 300 while being heated by a catalytic converter.
- the heat pipe brings heat from outside to the electrochemical cells C which in this case use double chloride of sodium and aluminum (NaAICU) as the electrolyte and which require high operating temperatures, typically between 300 ° C and 400 ° C.
- the disclosed heat pipe 200 only serves to heat the electrochemical cells and is not intended to evacuate the heat inside the package.
- FR 2 539 919 does not disclose in any case a cooling system of the electrochemical cells.
- Nothing in this application relates to the thermal management of a lithium battery which differs from that of a NaAICLt accumulator since it must be provided with heat and not cool in operation.
- the object of the invention is to respond at least in part to this need.
- an electrochemical lithium battery comprising at least a first package housing at least one electrochemical cell, said first package comprising at least:
- the outer layer being mechanically resistant and fire-resistant
- a cooling device comprising at least one heat pipe whose enclosure passes through the first package (s) in a sealed manner and that the heated zone of the heat pipe (s) is located at inside the first package (s) and that the cooled area of the heat pipe (s) is located outside the first package (s).
- the term "heated zone of a heat pipe” denotes the usual technological meaning, namely the zone of the heat pipe where the heat transfer fluid of the heat pipe receives heat and evaporates.
- the heated zone is still usually called an evaporator.
- the term "cooled zone of a heat pipe” also refers to the usual technological meaning, namely the zone of the heat pipe where the heat transfer fluid of the heat pipe transmits heat and condenses.
- the cooled zone is still usually called a condenser.
- the accumulator according to the invention can house one or more electrochemical cells in a first package.
- a package according to the invention fulfills two functions: a function of mechanical protection and fire resistance, and a thermal insulation function.
- the thermal insulation must be sufficient to allow the electrochemical cell (s) to be protected from extreme heat outside, which can be caused in particular by the abnormal operation of a neighboring electrochemical cell outside. .
- ABSO "Abnormal operation” means an increase in temperature and pressure beyond that expected in normal operation, which is large enough to cause degradation of the cell and / or thermal runaway of the ) cell (s) around.
- the cooling device is adapted to evacuate the heat confined by the inner layer inside the accumulator even in case of abnormal operation of the electrochemical cell.
- Thermal management of the accumulator in normal or abnormal operation is therefore ensured by the cooling device.
- a heat pipe implemented in the invention comprises the following elements:
- a diphasic fluid inside the tubular casing, at the temperature of use such as, for example, water, ammonia, methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, heptane, .
- a porous capillary medium such as a sintered metal cloth or powder, or grooves inside the tubular envelope.
- the diameter of the heat pipe according to the invention is of the order of a few millimeters, preferably between 1 mm and 2 cm, more preferably between 2 mm and 2 cm. and 6 mm.
- the length of the heat pipe can be arbitrary, since it affects only very little thermal evacuation.
- the heat pipe may protrude from the package of 1 mm to 2 cm.
- the thermal conductivity K of the inner layer is less than 0,05W.m " ⁇ K" 1.
- a very low thermal conductivity of the inner layer makes it possible to confine with great efficiency the internal heat of the packaging according to the invention, in the event of abnormal operation of an electrochemical cell or to protect it from heat external to the packaging. .
- the outer layer provides fire resistance according to the SAE J2464 standard.
- the Young's modulus E of the outer protective layer is greater than 1GPa.
- the cooled zone of the heat pipe is located above the first package, the heat pipe thus constituting a thermosiphon or heat pipe assisted by gravity.
- a diphasic thermosiphon is a heat pipe that transfers heat by evaporation / condensation of a fluid inside an envelope without any capillary structure, that is to say with a gravity return of gravity inside the envelope.
- a gravity-assisted heat pipe [1] is a heat pipe in which there is a capillary structure, usually grooves, but the return of condensates from the condenser to the evaporator is ensured by the gravity, the evaporator of the heat pipe being at a position lower than the condenser.
- the capillary structure is therefore not intended to reduce the condensates; but to improve the exchange coefficients in evaporation and condensation, and to push back the training limit.
- At least one heat pipe constitutes a current output terminal of the accumulator. This advantageously makes it possible to dispense with a welding step of an output terminal on a part of the accumulator, as in the accumulators according to the state of the art.
- the (the) heat pipe (s) is (are) adapted (s) to limit or even eliminate the liquid phase within its (their) enclosure in case of abnormal operation of the cell (s) (s) ) electrochemical (s) from which it (s) receives (wind) heat at its (their) heated zone.
- a heat pipe configured in such a manner has a saturation phenomenon as illustrated in FIG. 2: when the temperature becomes too great, the heat pipe is dimensioned so that the liquid phase evaporates completely.
- the amount of heat transmitted by the heated zone to the cooled zone of the heat pipe reaches a maximum that does not increase significantly beyond the saturation temperature, which is chosen as the abnormal operating temperature of a cell. electrochemical. Excessive heat is thus completely confined by the packaging and the heat pipe.
- the inner layer comprises a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer matrix, this matrix being mainly loaded with silica airgel or other particulate filler.
- the material constituting the matrix of the inner layer is preferably chosen from urethane, acrylate, methacrylate, polyether and silicone, or is a vinylic polymer, in particular styrene, a polyolefin polymer which may or may not be crosslinked, a polymer of the type unsaturated polyester or an epoxy resin.
- the outer protective layer comprises a thermosetting matrix in which is embedded a fibrous reinforcement.
- the material constituting the matrix of the outer layer may advantageously be chosen from urethane, acrylate or methacrylate, or it may be a vinylic polymer, especially styrene, an unsaturated polyester polymer or an epoxy resin.
- the material constituting the fibrous reinforcement may advantageously be short or long fibers, preferably glass fibers, carbon, an aromatic polyamide, silicon carbide SiC, bamboo fibers, flax, coconut fibers or hemp fibers. .
- the enclosure (s) of the heat pipe (s) may be of circular or prismatic section.
- a heat pipe with such a chamber section may optionally be adapted to serve as a winding mandrel of a cell.
- the electrochemical cell C is in the form of a coil wound around the enclosure of the heat pipe.
- the enclosure of at least one heat pipe is arranged on the periphery of the electrochemical cell (s) C in a gap inside the first package.
- the electrochemical accumulator comprises a plurality of a number of n first packages, of which a number equal to n-1 of the first Each package houses an electrochemical cell, the (n-1) first packages being themselves housed inside the other first package.
- the accumulator comprises a second metal alloy package, such as an aluminum alloy, housing the electrochemical cell (s), the second package being itself even housed tightly in the first package.
- the invention can be applied to metal alloy packaging batteries according to the state of the art.
- the first package comprises, on the inner layer, an electrically conductive coating.
- the electrically conductive coating may preferably be based on photon sintered metal particles or conductive graphites, preferably deposited as a paint or aerosol. Its role is to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of the battery.
- the first package has on its inner face, a coating with a barrier function, adapted to ensure the chemical neutrality of the inner layer vis-à-vis the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell C
- the material of the barrier coating may be chosen from polypropylene, polyethylene, a polymer of the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family, preferably polyetheretherketone (PEEK TM), or a polymer of the polyimide family.
- PAEK polyaryletherketone
- PEEK TM polyetheretherketone
- FIG. 1A represents a lithium-ion accumulator with a cooling device according to the state of the art
- FIG. 1B represents a NaAICU accumulator according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 illustrates the phenomenon of saturation of a heat pipe
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the relative arrangement between the package in which an electrochemical cell is housed and a heat pipe of a lithium-ion accumulator according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a lithium-ion battery according to the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a lithium-ion battery according to the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of a lithium-ion battery according to the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of a lithium-ion battery according to the invention.
- the accumulator 1 As represented in FIG. 3, the accumulator 1 according to the invention comprises a package 3 which houses at least one lithium electrochemical cell.
- the package 3 comprises an outer layer 4 superimposed on an inner layer 5, thermally insulating.
- the outer layer 4 is mechanically resistant and provides fire resistance.
- the outer layer 4 is preferably epoxy resin polymer, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl resin, polyester resin, optionally with reinforcements of the glass fiber type or carbon fiber.
- the thickness of the layer 4 is preferably between 300 ⁇ and 2 mm, more preferably of the order of 1 mm.
- the inner layer 5 is preferably made of polyethylene (PE) or of polypropylene (PP), or of PTFE or of PFE, with possibly thermally insulating fillers of the type
- the thickness of the layer 5 is preferably less than 300 ⁇ preferably and greater than 20 nanometers (nm).
- a coating 6 covers the inner layer 5. This coating 6 may have different functions as explained below.
- the cooling device of the accumulator 1 comprises a heat pipe 2 comprising a sealed enclosure 21, inside which circulates a coolant 22.
- This heat transfer fluid is adapted to operate in linear mode at the operating temperature of a cell electrochemical lithium, and can typically be water.
- the heat pipe 2 passes through the package 3 in a sealed manner.
- the heated zone 24 is located within the package 3.
- the cooled zone 23 is located outside the package 3.
- the diameter of the heat pipe 2 is of the order of a few millimeters, preferably between 1 mm and 2 cm, more preferably between 2 and 6 mm.
- the length of heat pipe can be any, since it affects very little thermal evacuation.
- the heat pipe may protrude from the package of 1 mm to 2 cm.
- FIG. 4 An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4.
- a single electrochemical cell C is arranged inside the first package 3.
- the electrochemical cell is in the form of a coil wound around the heat pipe 2
- the enclosure 21 of the heat pipe 2 has a circular section.
- the positive 7 and negative 8 terminals also pass through the package 3 sealingly. According to one variant, it is possible to use the heat pipe itself as the output terminal of the current of the accumulator.
- the coating 6 ensures the neutrality of the inner layer 5 vis-à-vis the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell C.
- the first package 3 being very thermally insulating, with a thermal conductivity of the inner layer less than 0.05 Wm ⁇ .K "1 , the thermal management in normal operation of the cell 6 is provided by the heat pipe 2.
- the heated zone 24 is inside the hollow cylinder formed by the cell C wound on itself, and in thermal contact therewith. Thus, a large amount of heat is transmitted from the cell C to the heated zone 24.
- the heat transfer fluid 22 then follows an evaporation and condensation cycle: it evaporates at the heated zone 24, and condenses at the level of the cooled zone 23.
- This cooled zone 23 may optionally comprise a thermal diffuser in order to evacuate the heat transmitted during the condensation of the fluid 22.
- the heated zone 24 being located below the zone 23, the heat pipe 2 constitutes a thermosiphon and operates thanks to gravity: the condensed fluid falls by gravity to the heated zone 23 where it undertakes a new evaporation cycle and condensation.
- the inner layer 5 confines the heat inside the package 3.
- a heat pipe has a saturation limit as shown in FIG. 5. Beyond a certain temperature, it stops transmitting heat. Thus, in the event of abnormal operation of the cell C, the heat is also not transmitted by the heat pipe 2. The heat is thus effectively confined within the package 3 according to the invention.
- the inner layer 5 prevents degradation of the electrochemical cell C or in other words, protects the electrochemical accumulator 1.
- the accumulator illustrated in FIG. 3 is made by winding around the enclosure of the heat pipe 2 the electrochemical cell C.
- the enclosure 21 of the heat pipe 2 is thus adapted to serve as a mandrel during the manufacture of the cell.
- thermoplastic polymer a thermoplastic polymer and a low load K.
- thermoplastic-thermosetting bi-material injection process can be envisaged for producing the two layers 4, 5, in a single step.
- the positive 7 and negative 8 terminals may already be present at the beginning of the injection process. It is conceivable to produce the layers 4, 5 by the injection method described and claimed in the patent application FR 14 51546 in the name of the applicant.
- This example consists in the creation of two half-shells which will be gathered around the electrochemical cell C.
- the introduction of the electrolyte is made at the time of the gathering of the two half-shells by injection before plastic welding / final bonding.
- thermosetting material thermosetting areas to ensure homogeneity of reinforcement for fire resistance and mechanical reinforcement.
- the accumulator 1 comprises a plurality of electrochemical cells C.
- Each electrochemical cell is arranged in a sealed manner within a package 3 'according to FIG. state of the art.
- This 3 'package is metal alloy type, such as aluminum alloy, or plastic.
- This packaging 3 'according to the state of the art is housed in a sealed manner in the package 3 according to the invention.
- Several heat pipes 2 pass tightly through the package 3 and have one of their ends arranged in interstices 9 within the package 3. Their heated zones 24 are thus in contact with the packages 3 'according to the state of the package. art, which are thermally conductive and thus which diffuse the heat released by the electrochemical cells C.
- the thermal contact between a heated zone 24 of heat pipe and the 3 'packaging of an electrochemical cell can be improved by interposing thermally conductive grease .
- an electrically conductive coating 6 covers the inside of the inner layer 5 of the package 3, in order to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of the battery.
- the inner layer 5 confines the heat inside the package 3. Similarly, in case of heat outside the high packaging 3, the inner layer 5 prevents degradation electrochemical cells C and thus protects the electrochemical accumulator 1.
- Other variants and improvements may be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention.
- FIG. 6 it is possible to envisage an embodiment of an accumulator with several electrochemical cells C immersed in the same electrolyte in the package 3 according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 Such a mode is illustrated in FIG. 6, in which three cells arranged in parallel in the same package 3 are seen, with a single heat pipe 2 of pulsed type, the heated zones 24 of which are inside and its cooled zones 23 at the same time. outside.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous when it is desired to produce C cells of very large capacity.
- the electrochemical accumulator comprises a plurality of a number of n first packagings, of which a number equal to n-1 of the first packs each houses an electrochemical cell C, the (n -1) first packs being themselves housed inside the other first packaging.
- This mode is illustrated in FIG. 7, in which we see two cells arranged in parallel and each inside a package 3 according to the invention, a central heat pipe 2 being arranged between these two packages 3 themselves housed in a third peripheral package 3.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1462536A FR3030121B1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2014-12-16 | Accumulateur au lithium avec emballage isolant thermiquement a deux couches et avec caloduc pour la gestion thermique |
PCT/EP2015/079976 WO2016096974A1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Accumulateur au lithium avec emballage isolant thermiquement a deux couches et avec caloduc pour la gestion thermique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3235022A1 true EP3235022A1 (fr) | 2017-10-25 |
Family
ID=53398132
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15810636.9A Withdrawn EP3235022A1 (fr) | 2014-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | Accumulateur au lithium avec emballage isolant thermiquement a deux couches et avec caloduc pour la gestion thermique |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170352935A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3235022A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3030121B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016096974A1 (fr) |
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CN115241567A (zh) | 2016-11-18 | 2022-10-25 | 罗密欧系统公司 | 利用蒸气室对电池进行热管理的系统和方法 |
WO2018118976A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-28 | Romeo Systems, Inc. | Cellule de batterie à chambre à vapeur intégrée |
CN107275712A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏银基烯碳能源科技有限公司 | 电池组 |
US11482753B2 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2022-10-25 | Maersk Drilling A/S | Fire-resistant energy storage devices and associated systems and methods |
EP3959756B8 (fr) * | 2019-04-25 | 2024-02-28 | SoftBank Corp. | Conception de bloc-batterie avec protection contre un emballement thermique |
US20220231360A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2022-07-21 | Hefei Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. | A case having a thermal barrier layer for a single cell |
DE102020126088A1 (de) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-07 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Batteriezelle mit einem Zellverbund und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
TW202240962A (zh) | 2021-03-09 | 2022-10-16 | 美商羅傑斯公司 | 複合熱管理片材、製造方法、使用其之電池組之組件、及包含其之電池組 |
CN114552054A (zh) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-05-27 | 万向一二三股份公司 | 用于高能量密度电池模组的散热结构 |
DE102022213829A1 (de) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-06-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Heatpipe und Batterie |
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-
2014
- 2014-12-16 FR FR1462536A patent/FR3030121B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 WO PCT/EP2015/079976 patent/WO2016096974A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-12-16 US US15/536,397 patent/US20170352935A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-16 EP EP15810636.9A patent/EP3235022A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6146786A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-11-14 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Electrochemical storage cell having a central core providing mechanical, thermal, and electrical functions |
WO2010138197A1 (fr) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-02 | Searete Llc | Système et procédé permettant de modifier la température d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie électrique ou d'un dispositif de génération d'énergie électrochimique au moyen de matériaux à haute conductivité thermique |
WO2013110406A1 (fr) * | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Module de batterie pourvu d'au moins un élément de batterie comportant une isolation thermique, ainsi que véhicule à moteur |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO2016096974A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3030121B1 (fr) | 2017-01-20 |
US20170352935A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
WO2016096974A1 (fr) | 2016-06-23 |
FR3030121A1 (fr) | 2016-06-17 |
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