EP4237248A1 - Film multicouche comprenant une couche de gel aqueux pour le refroidissement d'au moins un accumulateur au sein d'un module de batterie, et module associe - Google Patents
Film multicouche comprenant une couche de gel aqueux pour le refroidissement d'au moins un accumulateur au sein d'un module de batterie, et module associeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4237248A1 EP4237248A1 EP21801939.6A EP21801939A EP4237248A1 EP 4237248 A1 EP4237248 A1 EP 4237248A1 EP 21801939 A EP21801939 A EP 21801939A EP 4237248 A1 EP4237248 A1 EP 4237248A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- multilayer film
- layer
- busbar
- accumulators
- accumulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002992 LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZRHANBBTXQZFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [K+].NC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=NC(C([O-])=O)=C1Cl ZRHANBBTXQZFSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
- B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/521—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
- H01M50/522—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/521—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
- H01M50/524—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/521—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
- H01M50/526—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/12—Gel
- B32B2266/122—Hydrogel, i.e. a gel containing an aqueous composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochemical accumulators, and more particularly to metal-ion accumulators.
- the invention relates to a multilayer film to be applied against a busbar in a battery module.
- a busbar is a strip (foil) or bar of electrically conductive material, optionally laminated with one or more electrically insulating materials, which is fixed, preferably screwed or welded, to an output terminal of at least one electrochemical accumulator to ensure the electrical connection with another electrochemical accumulator of a battery pack or another electrical input/output element.
- the main purpose of the invention is to optimize the cooling of the accumulators of a battery pack such that the energy of a thermal runaway of a given accumulator within the pack cannot be propagated to the other accumulators.
- the invention applies to any electrochemical metal-ion battery, that is to say also sodium-ion, magnesium-ion, aluminium-ion... or more generally to any electrochemical accumulator.
- a battery pack according to the invention can be embedded or stationary.
- the fields of electric and hybrid transport and storage systems connected to the network can be considered within the scope of the invention.
- a lithium-ion battery or accumulator usually comprises at least one electrochemical cell consisting of an electrolyte constituent 1 between a positive electrode or cathode 2 and a negative electrode or anode 3, a current collector 4 connected to the cathode 2, a current collector 5 connected to the anode 3 and finally, a packaging 6 arranged to contain the electrochemical cell with sealing while being crossed by part of the current collectors 4, 5.
- the architecture of conventional lithium-ion batteries includes an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte constituent 1 can be in solid, liquid or gel form.
- the component may comprise a polymer, ceramic or microporous composite separator soaked in organic electrolyte(s) or of the ionic liquid type which allows movement of the Lithium ion from the cathode to the anode for a charge and conversely for a discharge, which generates the current.
- the electrolyte is generally a mixture of organic solvents, for example carbonates to which a lithium salt, typically LiPF6, is added.
- the positive electrode or cathode 2 consists of lithium cation insertion materials which are generally composite, such as LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 .
- the negative electrode or anode 3 very often consists of graphite carbon or Li 4 TiO 5 O 12 (titanate material), optionally also based on silicon or a composite formed on the basis of silicon.
- the current collector 4 connected to the positive electrode is generally made of aluminum.
- the current collector 5 connected to the negative electrode is generally made of copper, nickel-plated copper or aluminum.
- a lithium-ion battery or accumulator can obviously comprise a plurality of electrochemical cells which are stacked on top of each other.
- a Li-ion battery or accumulator uses a couple of materials at the anode and at the cathode allowing it to operate at a high voltage level, typically equal to 3.6 Volt.
- the aim is to produce either a thin and flexible lithium-ion accumulator or a rigid accumulator: the packaging is then either flexible or rigid and constitutes in the latter case a kind of box.
- Flexible packaging is usually made from a multilayer composite material, consisting of a stack of aluminum layers covered by one or several polymer film(s) laminated by gluing.
- Rigid packaging is used when the intended applications are restrictive where a long service life is desired, with, for example, much higher pressures to withstand and a stricter level of tightness required, typically less than 10 -8 mbar.l/s, or in environments with strong constraints such as the aeronautical or space field.
- a rigid packaging used consists of a metal case, typically of stainless steel (316L stainless steel or 304 stainless steel) or aluminum (Al 1050 or Al 3003), or even titanium.
- the geometry of most rigid Li-ion battery packaging cases is cylindrical, because most of the electrochemical cells of the batteries are wound by winding according to a cylindrical geometry around a cylindrical mandrel.
- FIG. 3 A rigid box of prismatic shape is also shown in FIG. 4.
- Box 6 comprises a cylindrical side envelope 7 , a bottom 8 at one end, a cover 9 at the other end, the bottom 8 and the cover 9 being assembled to the casing 7.
- the cover 9 supports the current output poles or terminals 4, 5.
- One of the output terminals for example the negative terminal 5 is welded to the cover 9 while the other output terminal, for example the positive terminal 4, passes through the cover 9 with the interposition of a not shown seal which electrically isolates the positive terminal 4 of the cover.
- the widely manufactured type of rigid case also consists of a stamped cup and a cover, welded together on their periphery.
- the current collectors comprise a crossing with a part protruding from the top of the case and which forms a terminal also called the apparent pole of the battery.
- a battery pack P consists of a variable number of accumulators which can reach several thousand which are electrically connected in series or in parallel with each other and generally by connection bars, usually called busbars.
- FIG. 5 An example of a battery pack P is shown in FIG. 5.
- This pack consists of two modules M1, M2 of identical Li-ion accumulators A connected together in series, each module M1, M2 being made up of four rows of accumulators connected in parallel, each row consisting of a number equal to six Li-ion accumulators.
- the mechanical and electrical connection between two Li-ion accumulators of the same row is made by screwing busbars B1, advantageously made of copper, each connecting a positive terminal 4 to a negative terminal 5.
- the connection between two rows of accumulators in parallel within the same module M1 or M2 is ensured by a busbar B2, also advantageously made of copper.
- a busbar B3 also advantageously made of copper.
- sizing series/parallel electrical architectures, mechanical, thermal, etc.
- the safety of lithium-ion accumulators must be taken into consideration both on the scale of a single accumulator, of a module and of a battery pack.
- Various passive or active devices having a safety function can also be integrated at the level of a cell (accumulator), and/or of a module and/or of the battery pack to prevent problems, when the battery ends up in abusive operating conditions.
- a lithium electrochemical system whether at the cell (accumulator), module or pack scale, produces exothermic reactions regardless of the given cycling profile.
- An electrochemical accumulator must operate within a defined temperature range, typically generally less than 70° C. at its outer surface of the casing, under penalty of degrading its performance, or even physically degrading it to the point of destruction. Mention may be made, for example, of lithium accumulators with iron-phosphate chemistry which have an operating range generally between -20°C and +60°C. Above 60°C, the materials may undergo significant degradation reducing the performance of the cell.
- thermal runaway In English “Thermal Runaway”).
- a thermal runaway occurs in a cell (accumulator), when the energy released by the exothermic reactions that occur inside it exceeds the capacity to dissipate it outside. This runaway may be followed by the generation of gas and explosion and/or fire.
- maintaining a temperature below 70°C makes it possible to increase the life of an accumulator, because the higher the operating temperature of an accumulator, the more its life will be reduced.
- accumulators At the level of a cell (accumulator), the various known internal protection devices are: - a device with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC, Anglo-Saxon acronym for "Polymeric positive Temperature Coefficient"): currently, a large number of accumulators cylinders already marketed are equipped with it. Such a device is in the form of a polymer (polyethylene) ring laminated with a metal.
- PTC Positive temperature coefficient
- this polymer heats up, changes phase, becomes more resistive and thus limits the flow of current;
- a current interruption device CID: it interrupts the current if the gas pressure in the cell exceeds the specified limits;
- a circuit breaker device in English "shutdown" which prevents the generation of high currents;
- a vent consisting of a valve or a bursting disc, which opens when the pressure increases suddenly, and exceeds a determined critical pressure, in order to prevent the cell from exploding;
- a thermal fuse currently used in large storage batteries capacity, which cuts the current when the temperature in the accumulator is too high.
- the series or parallel connection of more or less different accumulators can have consequences on the resulting performance of the pack. It is thus recognized that in a battery pack, for example of an electric vehicle, the aging dispersions can be high depending for example on the position of the accumulators, following aging asymmetries between the accumulators or differences in use ( thermal variations between the core and the edges of the pack, current gradient, etc.). Also, in order to limit premature aging of the pack, it is necessary to optimize the operating temperature and the temperature dispersion from one accumulator to another. An accumulator (or accumulators) which age (age) faster than the others can (can) have a direct impact on the electrical performance of the complete battery pack.
- BMS Battery Management System
- Patent application WO2011/013997 proposes cooling fins arranged inside a stack of flat cells to drain the heat from the cells to a fluid circulating at the bottom of the stack.
- the second category concerns phase change material cooling.
- the boiling heat transfer liquid is directly in contact with the cells in the battery module, in order to control the temperature and to maintain it within a predetermined temperature range.
- the third category concerns solutions where a heat transfer fluid (gaseous or liquid) is circulated within a battery pack.
- Patent US5320190 thus proposes air circulation to cool a vehicle battery pack, either by directly using the air impacting the vehicle during driving, or by using a fan for phases when parked or just after driving. .
- Patent CN202259596U proposes a battery pack that incorporates air distributors.
- a system of air guide plates is proposed which, a priori, makes it possible to reduce the temperature difference between battery modules. Coolant can be used instead of air. Indeed, the notions of cost, size and additional mass can be preponderant factors depending on the application considered. For example, air cooling is the least expensive solution since, as indicated, it consists of forced air ventilation between the accumulators.
- the thermal performance of air cooling is of low quality due to the low exchange coefficient and the low thermal inertia Thus, in this type of cooling, the first accumulator will heat up despite everything on contact air and the air temperature will increase.
- Liquid cooling solutions are therefore much more efficient in terms of heat exchange: they consist of direct cooling by thermal conduction using a liquid, preferably dielectric.
- a liquid preferably dielectric.
- patent applications WO2008/156737 and US2013196184 propose a system of channels which each hug a part of the periphery of several cylindrical accumulators parallel to each other. A heat transfer liquid flows inside these channels to drain the heat.
- Patent US8877366 relates to a liquid cooling solution flowing in external pipes which cool by thermal conduction fins inserted between accumulators.
- Patent FR3010834 discloses a device for thermal regulation of a battery pack, comprising a tube heat exchanger in contact with the accumulators at the bottom of the casing (envelope) of the battery pack.
- the MERSEN company has proposed a battery pack with busbars on which pipes with several elbows are attached and welded, preferably glycolated water circulating inside these pipes during operation of the battery pack for the purpose of cooling.
- the pipes are intended to eliminate the hot spots of the pack in operation.
- patent application EP3293786 which describes a similar cooling plate system. As mentioned above, a cell or an accumulator of the battery pack can undergo thermal runaway.
- the invention relates, in one of its aspects, to a multilayer film, to be applied in a battery module (M), preferably against a busbar of the battery module (M), comprising at least one encapsulation layer of plastic material and one layer of aqueous gel, to be placed in the path of the hot gases released by an accumulator of the module (M) during thermal runaway, preferably facing each other at least a part of the busbar, encapsulated at least partially by the encapsulation layer.
- the multilayer film can be configured to allow the passage of hot gases when they are released and to form a thermal barrier between the hot gases that have passed through and the accumulators of the module (M).
- the multilayer film can be traversable only for gases at a pressure and/or a temperature at least equal to the pressure and/or the temperature of the hot gases when they are released.
- the plastic encapsulation layer can be configured to maintain the layer of aqueous gel, to prevent its drying and to allow the hot gases to pass through the multilayer film only during their degassing outside the accumulator in thermal runaway.
- the gel layer can be a continuous or discontinuous layer along the length of the film.
- length we mean a dimension of the film transverse to its thickness, which can therefore also be a surface depending on the shape of the zone(s) for the passage of the hot gases and/or the busbars which can be two-dimensional plates.
- the layer of gel according to the invention can be produced over the entire film or have an interruption in thickness at at least one point of the film.
- the layer of gel comprising one or more extra thicknesses over the length of the film.
- the extra thickness(es) is (are) preferably intended to be arranged facing the previously determined zone(s) of the module with the highest risk of thermal accumulation and/or close to the contacts between the busbar and the accumulators of the module and/or passage zones for the vent gases of the module.
- the gel layer is printed, in particular by additive manufacturing, directly on the encapsulation layer.
- the film comprises two encapsulation layers, one of which is intended to be applied directly against the busbar.
- the encapsulation layer intended to be applied directly against the busbar is adhesive on its external face.
- the film comprises a single encapsulation layer, the layer of aqueous gel being intended to be applied directly against the busbar, preferably printed, in particular by additive manufacturing on the busbar.
- the encapsulation layer(s) is made of a polymer chosen from polyethylene (PE) or polyether. the thickness of each encapsulation layer is preferably at most equal to 50 ⁇ m.
- the aqueous gel preferably comprises at least 90% deionized water and a gelling polymer having a high degree of polymerization.
- the gelling polymer is advantageously chosen from methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyurethanes, galactan or sodium polyacrylates.
- the thickness of the layer of gel is preferably at most equal to 10 mm.
- the encapsulation layer of plastic material intended to be facing at least a part of the busbar, comprises fracture initiators precut in said layer or cutouts leaving the layer visible. of gel from the outside of the film.
- the invention also relates to a battery module comprising: - a plurality of accumulators of prismatic geometry each comprising at least one electrochemical cell C formed of a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte interposed between the cathode and the anode, and a box arranged to contain the electrochemical cell with sealing and two output terminals projecting from the cover and/or from the bottom of the box; - Preferably at least one busbar fixed to one of the output terminals of at least part of the accumulators, in order to electrically connect them together; - at least one multilayer film as described above, the layer of aqueous gel being placed in at least one zone intended for the passage of the hot gases released by one of the accumulators during thermal runaway, preferably at least part of the multilayer film being applied against the busbar.
- the passage zone or zones for the hot gases released during thermal runaway of one of the accumulators of the module (M) is (are) determined beforehand.
- the multilayer film can advantageously make it possible to separate the hot gases degassing out of the trigger accumulator from the rest of the accumulators by forming a thermal barrier limiting the heat exchanges between the vent gases having passed through the film.
- the hot gases can pass through the multilayer film by piercing the gel layer and/or the encapsulation layer.
- At least one of the accumulators, preferably each accumulator may comprise at least one safety vent configured to release hot gases under pressure during thermal runaway of said accumulator, the gel layer being placed facing the safety vent.
- the multilayer film is arranged as close as possible to the safety vent.
- the safety vent(s) is (are) located on one of the output terminals of the accumulator(s), preferably on the positive output terminal. Degassing of hot gases can take place through the busbar.
- the layer of gel faces at least part of the busbar.
- the gel layer of the film comprises one or more extra thicknesses over the length of the film, the extra thickness or thicknesses being preferably arranged opposite the zone or zones of the module previously determined with the strongest risk of thermal accumulation and/or close to the contacts between the busbar and the module accumulators and/or the module vent gas passage areas.
- the gel layer is printed, in particular by additive manufacturing, directly on the busbar.
- the invention essentially consists of a multilayer film, arranged on the previously determined path of the hot gases released under pressure in the event of thermal runaway of one of the accumulators of a battery module, whose aqueous gel layer facing accumulators will limit the propagation of a thermal runaway from one of them to the others.
- the invention consists of a multilayer film applied against, preferably glued against, a busbar of a battery accumulator module, the aqueous gel layer facing the accumulators of which will limit the propagation of a thermal runaway of one of these to the others.
- the aqueous gel layer facing the accumulators of which will limit the propagation of a thermal runaway of one of these to the others.
- the evaporation of the water contained in the gel will make it possible to greatly limit the increase in the temperature of the accumulators. neighbors.
- the aqueous gel as such has very little action on limiting the thermal runaway of the trigger accumulator within the module.
- the temperature T1 typically 70°C, in figure 2 of the publication, is the temperature above which the accumulator heats up without an external source at a typical rate of 0.02°C/min under adiabatic conditions.
- thermal runaway one can thus understand here and within the framework of the invention, a ratio between the value of the derivative of the heating temperature and that of the time at least equal to 0.02° C. per min.
- the layer of gel according to the invention makes it possible to prevent the accumulators neighboring a trigger accumulator from also going into thermal runaway.
- the extra thickness(es) can also be arranged opposite and/or close to the contacts between the busbar and the accumulators of the module and/or zones for the passage of the vent gases of the module.
- the thickness of the film can be variable along its length with at least one or more excess thicknesses of the gel layer located according to the most critical thermal zones of a battery module for which the film is intended to be placed. implemented.
- the implementation of an aqueous gel according to the invention is simpler. Indeed, it does not require to have a container perfectly sealed throughout the runaway of an accumulator.
- the aqueous gel also makes it possible to limit the potential risks of short-circuit within a battery module.
- the invention provides many advantages, among which we can mention: - a simple to implement and effective safety solution to prevent the propagation of a thermal runaway within a module or a battery pack ; - A solution which is not to the detriment of the weight of a module or of a battery pack, a multilayer film according to the invention being able to be very light, which is very advantageous for on-board applications; - the possibility of setting up a multilayer film very quickly and easily in a module or a battery pack, from its design or, on the contrary, as a retrofit of an existing module or battery pack.
- each accumulator is a Li-ion accumulator in which: - the material of the negative electrode(s) is chosen from the group comprising graphite, lithium, titanate oxide Li 4 TiO 5 O 12 ; - the positive electrode material(s) is chosen from the group comprising LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 .
- the material of the negative electrode(s) is chosen from the group comprising graphite, lithium, titanate oxide Li 4 TiO 5 O 12
- the positive electrode material(s) is chosen from the group comprising LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 .
- FIG 2 Figure 2 is a front view showing a lithium-ion battery with its flexible packaging according to the state of the art.
- Figure 3 is a perspective view of a lithium-ion battery according to the state of the art with its rigid packaging consisting of a cylindrical case.
- Figure 4 is a perspective view of a lithium-ion battery according to the state of the art with its rigid packaging consisting of a box of prismatic shape.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of an assembly by means of lithium-ion battery busbars according to the state of the art, forming a battery pack.
- Figure 6 is a side view of a battery module equipped with a busbar against which is applied an example of multilayer film according to the invention.
- FIG 7 is a view of a module similar to Figure 6, equipped with its case, Figure 7 showing a thermal runaway situation of one of the accumulators of the module.
- Figure 7A is a detail view of Figure 7.
- Figure 8 is a photographic reproduction of an experimental assembly of an assembly of two Li-ion accumulators with a busbar which connects them electrically on which a multilayer film according to the invention.
- Figure 9 illustrates in the form of curves the temperature readings taken with the experimental setup, with and without a layer of aqueous gel of a film according to the invention.
- FIG 10 is a side view of a battery module equipped with its case and a busbar against which is applied an example of multilayer film according to a variant of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 5 relate to different examples of Li-ion accumulator, flexible packaging and accumulator cases as well as a battery pack according to the state of the art. These figures 1 to 5 have already been commented on in the preamble and are therefore not commented on further below. For the sake of clarity, the same references designating the same elements according to the state of the art and according to the invention are used for all of the figures 1 to 10.
- FIGS. 6, 7 and 7A show a first example of multilayer film 10 according to the invention applied against a busbar B3 of a module M of a Li-ion accumulator battery, A1, A2, A3, A4.
- the illustrated accumulators A1-A4 may have cases of cylindrical format, typically of 18650 or 21700 format.
- the accumulators A1-AA4 are electrically connected by their output terminal per group by the busbar B3.
- a multilayer film 10 is applied, preferably glued directly against the busbar B3.
- This film 10 consists of a layer 11 of aqueous gel, containing at least 90% water, preferably encapsulated by heat sealing between two encapsulation layers 12, 13 made of polymer, preferably polyethylene (PE) or polyether. .
- the thickness of each encapsulation layer 12, 13 is typically around 50 ⁇ m.
- the aqueous gel preferably comprises at least 90% deionized water and a gelling polymer having a high degree of polymerization (which may be up to several million). For example, polyethylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of 5 million can be diluted in water with a ratio of 4%.
- Polymers such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyurethanes, galactan or sodium polyacrylates can also be used.
- a gel whose viscosity increases with temperature.
- methyl cellulose can be favored as gelling agent.
- the thickness of the gel layer 11 can be around 10mm.
- the production of an aqueous gel according to the invention is done by slowly dissolving the polymers in water at 50°C. A commercial mixer is used for stirring at 2000 rpm, in order to obtain good homogenization of the gel.
- a multilayer film 10 according to the invention within a battery module M, it can be carried out in several steps.
- a first step consists in placing a plastic film 12 chosen on the busbar B3 of the positive terminals 4. Then the aqueous gel 10 is deposited by screen printing either continuously or occasionally in critical places. Finally, the aqueous gel layer 11 is encapsulated by heat sealing after the deposition of a second film 13 on top of the gel.
- approximately 80 kJ of thermal energy can be released. Generally, the energy released is shared between the gases and the ejected molten materials which represent approximately 70% of the heat, and the energy emitted by the case of the accumulator due to the materials retained in the realization of the accumulator. , which represents the remaining 30% heat.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an experimental setup for proving the effectiveness of an aqueous gel layer in accordance with the invention.
- Two accumulators A1, A2 are materialized by two aluminum rods which have a thermal behavior close to conventional boxes in Li-ion accumulators.
- the trigger accumulator A2 is surrounded by a copper heating wire (CF) to allow simulation of the rise in temperature during a thermal runaway.
- the second accumulator A1 is connected to the first by busbars B1, B2, respectively from the top and from the bottom, in the form of metal foils fixed to the two output terminals 4, 5.
- the aqueous gel is deposited vertically on the two foils. The fact that the gel is sufficiently viscous allows it to be maintained in this orientation.
- the test consists of measuring the temperature on the trigger accumulator A2 as well as on the foils B1, B2 and at two places of the accumulator A1.
- One of the indirect ways of limiting the thermal runaway of a gate accumulator A2 is for the thermal energy which is released to be shared by the adjacent accumulators A1, A3, A4. This without raising the temperature of the neighboring accumulators above a temperature of 120°C.
- the trigger accumulator when it is arranged on one edge of the module M, it can only exchange heat with a few neighboring accumulators, which considerably increases the risk that the latter also go into thermal runaway. Thus, to avoid this, it is possible to locally increase the thickness of the layer of gel on the most critical accumulators. This embodiment variant is illustrated in FIG. 10 where an extra thickness 14 of aqueous gel layer can be seen.
- the electrical contact points between the accumulators and the busbars constitute privileged places of thermal diffusion, during the abnormal heating of an accumulator. It is therefore advantageous to position extra thicknesses of the gel layer directly above these points.
- the possible rupture of the overpressure vents of an accumulator, during a thermal runaway causes the projection out of the accumulator, of high temperature gas along a degassing path.
- the positioning of extra thickness of the gel layer on the busbars close to each potential degassing path makes it possible to absorb part of the heat given off.
- the aqueous gel can be printed in 3D directly on the busbar, with screen printing for example with a viscosity between 5 and 20 pa.s.
- the multilayer film 10 systematically comprises two encapsulation layers 12, 13 of plastic material, it is possible to provide a film with a single layer 13, the layer of gel 11 being directly applied against a busbar. In the examples illustrated, the layer of gel 11 is a continuous layer over the length of the film 10.
- the accumulators are cylindrical, for example of the 18650 type, with a safety vent in the positive terminal of each accumulator.
- Other forms of accumulators and/or other arrangements of safety vents are possible.
- the plastic material encapsulation layer 12 can be pre-cut or else post-cut, for example by laser, in the zones to come facing said vents.
- the gas outlet pressures and temperatures through the vents are however such that the gelled barrier and the encapsulation layers according to the invention can be chosen so as not to represent significant barriers to their evacuation, by providing insufficient mechanical and thermal resistance. to oppose it.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2011196A FR3115724A1 (fr) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Film multicouches dont une couche de gel aqueux pour le refroidissement d’au moins un accumulateur au sein d’un module de batterie, notamment en cas d’emballement thermique, Module associé. |
PCT/EP2021/080412 WO2022090575A1 (fr) | 2020-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Film multicouche comprenant une couche de gel aqueux pour le refroidissement d'au moins un accumulateur au sein d'un module de batterie, et module associe |
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EP4237248A1 true EP4237248A1 (fr) | 2023-09-06 |
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EP21801939.6A Pending EP4237248A1 (fr) | 2020-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Film multicouche comprenant une couche de gel aqueux pour le refroidissement d'au moins un accumulateur au sein d'un module de batterie, et module associe |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20240006686A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4237248A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116490358A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3115724A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022090575A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (23)
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DE4018347A1 (de) | 1990-06-08 | 1991-12-12 | Audi Ag | Anordnung zur kuehlung der batterie eines kraftfahrzeuges |
US6777732B1 (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 2004-08-17 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Random access memory |
WO2002033767A1 (fr) | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Pile carree plate |
US7338733B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2008-03-04 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Battery pack |
US7335448B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 | 2008-02-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery |
JP4324794B2 (ja) | 2004-11-09 | 2009-09-02 | ソニー株式会社 | 負極活物質および二次電池 |
JP4251204B2 (ja) | 2006-08-31 | 2009-04-08 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電池モジュール |
JP5114036B2 (ja) | 2006-09-08 | 2013-01-09 | Necエナジーデバイス株式会社 | 積層型電池の製造方法 |
US20080311468A1 (en) | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-18 | Weston Arthur Hermann | Optimized cooling tube geometry for intimate thermal contact with cells |
US20100028758A1 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-04 | Eaves Stephen S | Suppression of battery thermal runaway |
EP2443687B1 (fr) | 2009-06-18 | 2017-05-31 | Johnson Controls Advanced Power Solutions LLC | Module de batterie ayant un plateau porte-éléments avec caractéristiques de gestion thermique |
US8399118B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2013-03-19 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Battery module and method for cooling the battery module |
US8877366B2 (en) | 2010-01-04 | 2014-11-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Cooling plate for lithium-ion battery pack |
KR101358762B1 (ko) | 2011-05-31 | 2014-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 냉각 시스템 및 이에 적용되는 배터리 랙 |
CN202259596U (zh) | 2011-10-19 | 2012-05-30 | 上海恒动汽车电池有限公司 | 模块自带风道电池包系统 |
US8906541B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2014-12-09 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Battery module with integrated thermal management system |
US20140224465A1 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-14 | Eric Andrasi | Hydrophilic polymer thermal barrier system |
FR3004292B1 (fr) | 2013-04-09 | 2016-06-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Accumulateur electrochimique au lithium avec boitier a dissipation thermique amelioree, pack-batterie et procedes de realisation associes. |
FR3010834B1 (fr) | 2013-09-18 | 2017-01-27 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Dispositif de regulation thermique d'un pack-batterie |
DE102013017396A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Daimler Ag | Batterievorrichtung mit verdampfender Kühlflüssigkeit |
US20180069212A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-08 | Thunder Power New Energy Vehicle Development Company Limited | Battery system housing with bonded rib fixation |
CN206422120U (zh) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-08-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 箱体及电池包 |
US20200403201A1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | All Cell Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and method for thermal runaway propagation prevention |
-
2020
- 2020-11-02 FR FR2011196A patent/FR3115724A1/fr active Pending
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2021
- 2021-11-02 WO PCT/EP2021/080412 patent/WO2022090575A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-11-02 EP EP21801939.6A patent/EP4237248A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-02 US US18/251,324 patent/US20240006686A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-02 CN CN202180074607.2A patent/CN116490358A/zh active Pending
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WO2022090575A1 (fr) | 2022-05-05 |
US20240006686A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
CN116490358A (zh) | 2023-07-25 |
FR3115724A1 (fr) | 2022-05-06 |
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