EP3234516A1 - Messaufnehmer vom vibrationstyp - Google Patents
Messaufnehmer vom vibrationstypInfo
- Publication number
- EP3234516A1 EP3234516A1 EP15791602.4A EP15791602A EP3234516A1 EP 3234516 A1 EP3234516 A1 EP 3234516A1 EP 15791602 A EP15791602 A EP 15791602A EP 3234516 A1 EP3234516 A1 EP 3234516A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measuring tube
- component
- sensor
- sensor according
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
- G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/8404—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters details of flowmeter manufacturing methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
- G01N11/162—Oscillations being torsional, e.g. produced by rotating bodies
- G01N11/167—Sample holder oscillates, e.g. rotating crucible
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
- G01N2009/006—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis vibrating tube, tuning fork
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sensor of the vibration type, in particular for detecting and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a guided in a pipeline flowable medium.
- the process variable can be a physical or chemical
- Be process variable and be given for example by the mass flow of the flowable medium through the pipe, but also the density or viscosity of the medium.
- the medium in turn may be a gas, a liquid, or a powder, but also another fluid.
- Mass flow / density meter not least because of their wide range of applications are widely used in process and / or automation technology and are manufactured by the applicant in great diversity and sold, for example, under the name PROMASS. They are usually integrated as in-line measuring devices in a compact design in the respective pipeline and have a housing module, which is mechanically coupled via an inlet-side end and an outlet end with the pipe.
- the sensors also include a
- a generic measuring device comprises at least one acting on the at least one measuring tube electromechanical, esp. Electro-dynamic, energizing arrangement for generating and / or maintaining mechanical vibrations of the at least one measuring tube, and at least one
- Vibrations of the at least one measuring tube reacting vibration sensor arrangement for detecting the vibrations of the at least one measuring tube and for generating at least one vibration signal representing the vibration.
- the at least one measuring tube is substantially straight and those in which it at least partially bent, in particular substantially U-, V- or trapezoidal, is described.
- the at least one measuring tube is usually made of a metal, in particular titanium, zirconium, tantalum or stainless steel, and at least partially within arranged the housing module.
- a metal in particular titanium, zirconium, tantalum or stainless steel
- For field devices with at least two measuring tubes is in the range of the inlet side and
- outlet side process connection each arranged a so-called manifold.
- These two manifolds are mechanically connected to the housing module, and serve to divide the flowable medium to the respective number of measuring tubes, and the inlet side and outlet side mechanical connection of the at least two measuring tubes with each other.
- so-called coupling elements are often used for field devices with at least two measuring tubes, by means of which the at least two measuring tubes are mechanically coupled on the inlet side and the outlet side, and which coupling elements form the
- field devices with only one measuring tube each comprise at least one counter-oscillator, which is embodied in one piece or in several parts and which is coupled to the measuring tube to form an inlet-side and an outlet-side coupling zone.
- the counteroscillator either rests, or else it is excited into oscillations in the same frequency but in opposite phase to the measuring tube.
- the counteroscillator may be formed as a substantially tubular hollow cylinder, such that the measuring tube is at least partially encased by the counteroscillator.
- the at least one measuring tube is excited to mechanical oscillations in the so-called drive or payload mode with the so-called useful frequency, which is usually given by a frequency corresponding to a vibration mode of the at least one measuring tube, so that the at least one measuring tube performs resonant oscillations.
- the mechanical vibrations in the payload mode are in the most common case that these
- Oscillations with the resonant frequency in the fundamental mode correspond, in particular in the case of a Coriolis mass flow and / or density meter, as a rule at least partially as lateral bending oscillations.
- a vibration node and formed in the intermediate region usually in the region of the two ends of the at least one measuring tube in each case a vibration node and formed in the intermediate region exactly one antinode.
- the torsional mode is excited have become known.
- reaction forces are induced within the measuring tube, which lead to additional oscillations in the so-called Coriolis mode which oscillate in frequency in the same frequency in the useful mode
- Vibrations are superimposed in the Nutzmode and thus incorporated into the vibration measurement signal.
- another reaction force Depending on the type of induced or detected reaction force, another
- Process size are recorded.
- the mass flow rate correlates with the Coriolis force, the density of the medium with the inertial forces, and the viscosity
- Frictional forces The measurement accuracy, and in part, along with it, the possible field of application of a generic field device of the type described above depend on many different factors.
- Housing module is attached. By movements of the end regions of the at least one measuring tube in the housing module, clamping forces can occur, for example, which can be felt on the
- Housing module can be reduced to the at least one measuring tube.
- the measurement accuracy also depends on the vibration characteristics of the at least one measuring tube.
- the frequency spectrum ie the location of the frequencies of the vibration modes of the at least one measuring tube. This depends, inter alia, on the size, geometry, rigidity, mass distribution and the material from which it is made, as well as, if appropriate, the instantaneous density, viscosity and / or the temperature of the respective medium.
- the positions of the individual vibration modes are influenced.
- these measures are set by the constructive side limits, as certain from the physical point of view advantageous geometries, eg. B. certain tube shapes, or radii of curvature of the at least one measuring tube, with common manufacturing processes are not or only with difficulty and / or very expensive feasible.
- the rigidity of the at least one measuring tube could be adapted specifically to the respective application.
- the amplitude of the vibration measurement signal depends on the rigidity of the measuring tube.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a transducer of the vibration type and a method for its production, which sensor is characterized by the highest possible accuracy of measurement with the simplest possible production.
- a vibration-type sensor in particular for detecting and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a flowable medium guided in a pipeline, which sensor comprises at least:
- a housing module which is mechanically coupled via an inlet-side end and an outlet-side end to the pipeline, and
- a sensor module having at least one measuring tube held at least partially capable of oscillating in the housing module and at least temporarily oscillated
- At least one component of the housing module and / or the sensor module is produced by means of a generative method.
- a generative or additive manufacturing process is to be understood as meaning such a process in which plastic parts are produced in a primary molding process.
- All generative manufacturing methods have in common that the desired three-dimensional workpiece is first designed and digitized by computer using a model or also freely by CAD. Subsequently, according to the digital data, the workpiece is built up in layers from one or more liquid or solid, in particular pulverulent, raw materials under the expiration of physical or chemical hardening or melting processes.
- Raw materials are plastics, synthetic resins, ceramics and metals, whereby depending on the material used another functional principle comes into play.
- the use of a generative method allows correspondingly individual components to be constructed with hitherto unrealizable shapes having particular technical advantages. So can for example the design of the measuring tube can be optimally adapted to the metrological conditions. Furthermore, the position of the vibration modes within the frequency spectrum of the at least one measuring tube can be matched to one another with its rigidity and mass distribution, also with respect to the housing. In addition, components that previously had to be manufactured individually and subsequently assembled had to be made in one piece. This optionally increases the stability and reduces the occurrence of interference due to external vibrations. It also speeds up assembly times.
- the senor further comprises
- At least one vibration sensor arrangement which reacts to vibrations of the at least one measuring tube and generates at least one oscillation measuring signal representing the oscillations of the at least one measuring tube, wherein the at least one exciter arrangement and the at least one vibration sensor arrangement are fastened to the at least one measuring tube in the outer region.
- the at least one component which is produced by means of a generative method can be, for example, the at least one measuring tube or the housing module. Either a single component can be manufactured in this way, or at least two components can be made in one piece. The latter saves in particular at least one step in the assembly of the sensor. Also, a joint-free connection of two parts is usually particularly stable and stiff, which also represents an advantage.
- the present invention is susceptible to a variety of configurations, some of which are the subject of the subclaims. Some embodiments can be applied to a variety of different components, some relate to individual specific components for which component-specific requirements are to be met. It should be noted that the examples given here are not exhaustive enumeration of design options, but that in addition to the mentioned a variety of other possibilities is conceivable, all of which are also covered by the present invention.
- the stiffness can be increased or reduced in a position-specific manner in such a way that it is different in regions of oscillation bellies compared to the useful mode along the measuring tube, in comparison to regions with oscillation nodes, which can also be advantageous for the measurement performance.
- the housing module may be advantageous for the housing module if the stiffness in areas in which the forces acting on the housing are particularly large, such as in
- Range of connection of the housing module with the process connections and possibly with the manifolds is greater than in other areas that are not exposed to large forces.
- the mass of the housing module should not or only slightly increased compared to a conventional design, especially for large diameters, since the empty weights generic field devices with large diameters already very high, especially in the range several hundred kilograms.
- the position of the frequency of the fundamental mode increases with increasing rigidity, so that the position of the oscillation modes of the frequency spectrum of the housing module can be selectively separated from that of the at least one measuring tube by varying the stiffness.
- the wall thickness, and / or the stiffness, and / or the mass distribution and / or the density of the at least one component vary along the direction parallel to the flow direction of the medium, and are in particular heterogeneous. In this way, it can be achieved that the at least one measuring tube has sections of different stiffnesses.
- a further embodiment of the invention includes that the wall of the at least one component, at least in the outer region at least in a partial region has a profile, in particular a groove profile, serrated profile or tooth profile. This measure also allows the rigidity of the at least one component to be influenced in a targeted manner. It is depending on Component of Messraufêts both conceivable to provide the wall with a corrugation, as well as to make an integration of openings / cavities within the wall.
- At least one capsule with enclosed powder, and / or at least one cavity is integrated within the wall of the at least one component.
- the inclusion of powder-filled capsules and / or cavities in the wall of the at least one component offers in particular a damping against external vibrations, but also other interference.
- Component for example, the raw material used in each case, in particular a powder, in individual smaller correspondingly distinguished areas, the capsules, not cured. During the curing of the respective component, the respective raw material is then enclosed within the specially designated areas.
- a further embodiment for the reduction of disturbing influences envisages that within the
- Wall of the at least one component at least one cavity channel or in at least a portion within the wall of an open-pore structure, in particular a porous structure or a honeycomb structure is integrated.
- the at least one measuring tube is produced by means of the generative method.
- the application of such a method allows a variety of new advantageous
- At least one measuring tube in the outer region of the wall of the at least one measuring tube, at least one connecting piece for fastening at least one component of the
- the cross-sectional area of the at least one measuring tube is round, star-shaped, square, oval, or niksegmentformig, in particular D-shaped, and / or the cross-sectional area of the at least one measuring tube varies along the direction parallel to the flow direction of the medium with respect to the surface area and the surface shape. Different geometries result in different stiffnesses of the measuring tube. For example, a
- segment-shaped cross-section additionally saves space, for example.
- certain geometries are more advantageous than others for exciting specific modes of vibration, such as the torsional mode.
- At least one flow-forming module in the inner region of the wall of the at least one measuring tube, is the module, in particular one into the inner wall surface
- the wall thickness of the at least one measuring tube is greater in such areas in which the deflection of the at least one measuring tube in the event that it performs mechanical oscillations in the first and / or second oscillation mode is greater than in such regions Regions in which nodes of the first and / or second vibration mode lie.
- the senor comprises at least one bypass line, through which flows a subset of the flowing medium, wherein the wall of the at least one
- Measuring tube and the at least one bypass line are made together by means of the generative method.
- a further sensor for detecting a further process variable, such as temperature may be integrated.
- Measuring tube at least one tension element, in particular a tension strut or a tension band is arranged, which tension element is attached to two contact areas on the inner wall of the at least one measuring tube. These have a stabilizing effect, such that the at least one measuring tube does not bulge or less in the case of a medium flowing under pressure.
- the at least one measuring tube is at least partially substantially curved, in particular U, V, trapezoidal or helical. Generative methods in this respect allow hitherto not possible radii of curvature of the measuring tube, but also completely new curvature arrangements, such as helical or helical measuring tubes.
- An embodiment includes that at least one mass element is arranged at the outer region of the wall of the at least one measuring tube, which at least one mass element by means of at least one fastening unit, in particular a parallel or perpendicular to the flow direction of the medium strut, a radially around the wall of the at least one measuring tube extending ring, or along the wall of the at least one measuring tube parallel to the flow direction extending comb, is attached to the outer wall of the at least one measuring tube, such that at least one of the two contact surfaces between the at least one fastening unit and the at least one mass element and / or the at least one fastening unit and the outer region of the wall of the at least one measuring tube is minimal, and wherein the at least one measuring tube, the at least one mass element, and the at least one fastening unit are manufactured together by means of the generative method.
- the mass distribution is changed or increased, whereby the position of the
- Vibration modes within the frequency spectrum ie the frequencies that stimulate certain vibration modes changed.
- the rigidity of the at least one measuring tube is only minimally changed by this measure, since the contact surfaces between the at least one fastening unit and the at least one measuring tube are minimized.
- the otherwise interdependent variables can be independently varied by means of a construction according to this embodiment. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions of the mass elements are conceivable, it being possible to tune the arrangement to the respective desired properties in a targeted manner.
- this embodiment allows for a variety of possible geometries, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention.
- At least two combs lying on opposite sides of the at least one measuring tube are attached to the outer wall of the at least one measuring tube, wherein the at least one measuring tube and the at least two combs are manufactured together by means of the generative method.
- This measure results in a directional dependence of rigidity. Since the oscillatory movements of the at least one measuring tube are different in different directions, the rigidity of the measuring tube can thus be different for different oscillation modes.
- the sensor module of the sensor comprises at least
- the measuring tube and at least one of the two process connections are manufactured together by means of the generative method.
- a Tilgerrohr is provided, wherein the Tilgerrohr and the at least one measuring tube are made together by means of the generative method.
- the absorber pipe for example, a larger diameter than the measuring tube, wherein the measuring tube without contact in the inner region of the absorber tube, in particular coaxially arranged.
- the sensor module of the measuring sensor has at least two measuring tubes,
- At least two coupling elements are provided which couple the at least two measuring tubes at least on the inlet side and the outlet side, wherein the at least two measuring tubes and the at least two coupling elements together by means of generative Process are made.
- each of the two distributor pieces has a multiply branched, continuous internal volume.
- the flow profile can be optimized.
- housing module produced by the generative process. Again, it should be pointed out that the following list of design options is by no means complete, but that many more variants fall under the present invention.
- a filling in particular a filling with a porous structure or honeycomb structure, arranged which filling either subsequently in the at least one
- Component of the housing module is introduced, or which filling and the at least one component of the housing module are made together by means of the generative method.
- the filling has a vibration-damping effect with respect to external vibrations and / or external vibrations
- At least one component of an electronics unit in particular a housing, at least one electrical feedthrough and / or a mechanical transition piece, in particular for an ex-protection implementation, is manufactured together with at least one component of the housing module by means of the generative method , This brings both advantages in terms of the assembly, as well as in terms of stability of the attachment of
- the housing module has a carrier, with which the at least one measuring tube is mechanically connected on the inlet side and the outlet side, and a casing, which surrounds the at least one measuring tube. Then it is advantageous if at least the carrier and / or at least one of the process connections and / or at least one of the distributor pieces are manufactured jointly by means of the generative method. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the carrier is designed as a laterally at least partially open, especially tubular, support cylinder which is connected to the at least one measuring tube in such a way that the at least one measuring tube protrudes partially laterally from the carrier cylinder.
- At least one further sensor element for detecting a further process variable is integrated in at least one of the subcomponents of the housing module and / or sensor module, wherein the at least one component of the housing module or sensor module and at least one
- At least one component of the housing module and / or the sensor module is made of a metal, in particular stainless steel or tantalum, a composite material, in particular a fiber composite material, a glass or a plastic. But other materials can be beneficial be used. At least process-contacting components are often adapted to the existing pipelines in which the sensor is to be integrated.
- a coating in particular for preventing corrosion, abrasion and / or deposit formation, is applied to at least one subregion of at least one surface of at least one component of the housing module and / or of the sensor module.
- the coating is melted or welded.
- a further embodiment finally provides that the at least one process variable is given by the mass flow rate, the density, or the viscosity of the medium.
- the object according to the invention is likewise achieved by a method for producing at least one component of a measuring transducer of the vibration type, in particular for detecting and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a flowable medium guided in a pipeline, in particular a measuring transducer according to one of the preceding claims, which sensor comprises at least :
- a sensor module with at least one measuring tube which is held in a swingable manner in the housing module and which is oscillated at least temporarily
- At least one component based on a digital data set, which indicates at least the shape and / or the material and / or the structure of the at least one component, in a primary molding process, in particular by means of a layered application and / or melting of a liquid or solid, in particular powdery, in particular a metal powder is produced.
- the at least one component is thus produced according to the invention by means of a generative process.
- a generative manufacturing process opens up, in particular, new advantageous possibilities of shaping and design of the respective workpieces produced by means of this method. It can be single or multiple
- Components of a sensor can be produced by means of such a method.
- the nature of the respective component can be optimized in relation to various metrologically relevant physical relationships.
- Metrologically or otherwise advantageous conditions for the construction of a component of a sensor according to the invention are mentioned below. However, it goes without saying that, depending on the application and the associated demands on the sensor, it may also be expedient to set up and to consider other conditions.
- the geometry, mass distribution, and / or rigidity of the at least one component is set in such a way for determining the shape and / or structure and / or the material of the at least one component, in particular by means of an iterative simulation, in particular a finite Elements Simulation that a predefinable condition is fulfilled.
- Simulation methods in particular iterative simulation methods such as the so-called finite element method, can be used to optimize the shaping of the respective workpiece with regard to its various characteristic variables such as density, mass, rigidity, and / or geometry.
- the fact that the component is first created digitally can save considerable time in finding the optimum geometry.
- An embodiment provides that the rigidity of the at least one component is kept constant, while at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the at least one component is set to a predefinable value.
- the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode depends on the stiffness and the mass or mass distribution of the respective component.
- the mass or mass distribution must be changed so that the rigidity is not mitver St by the respective measure simultaneously.
- the method described here offers, for example, in particular
- another variant of the method according to the invention provides that at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the at least one component is kept constant, while at least the rigidity is set to a predefinable value.
- the stiffness can be changed anisotropically, but can also be increased or decreased over the entire measuring tube. Which variant is more appropriate depends on the metrological
- An embodiment further provides that the mass distribution, rigidity and / or geometry of the at least one component is selected such that at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the housing module and at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the sensor module are different from each other.
- the mass distribution, rigidity and / or geometry of the at least one component is selected such that at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the housing module and at least one frequency corresponding to one of the vibration modes of the sensor module are different from each other.
- the at least one component is the at least one measuring tube through which the fluid flows, wherein the geometry, rigidity and / or mass distribution of the at least one measuring tube are selected, and wherein the flow profile is conditioned and at least a disruptive effect caused by the flow of the medium is minimized ,
- This can be achieved, for example, by means of flow-shaping modules described in connection with another embodiment.
- other measures such as special
- variable cross-sectional areas of the at least one measuring tube or the like may be adapted to influence the flow profile. Which measure is effective in which case, depends again on the nature of each
- the original molding process for producing the at least one component involves selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, laser deposition welding, metal powder application, fused deposition modeling, multi-jet modeling, color jet
- Rapid prototyping is sometimes also used as a generic term for various manufacturing methods for the rapid production of sample workpieces based on digital design data, in which electronic data of a three-dimensional model of the workpiece are implemented directly and quickly as possible without manual detours or shapes. All methods that have become known under this term have in common that the respective workpiece is built up in layers of shapeless or form-neutral raw material using physical and / or chemical effects.
- Machines for melt stratification belong to the machine class of 3D printers.
- the method is based on the liquefaction of a wire-shaped plastic or
- Wax material by heating. Upon subsequent cooling, the raw material solidifies.
- the raw material is applied by extrusion with a freely movable in the production level heating nozzle.
- the work piece is built up in layers by a printhead with multiple linear nozzles, similar to the printhead of an inkjet printer.
- Corresponding machines suitable for this method usually also belong to the machine class of the 3D printer. Due to the small size of the droplets generated during the process, even fine details can be incorporated into a workpiece.
- Suitable raw materials are, for example, UV-sensitive photopolymers. These raw materials in the form of monomers are polymerized immediately after the "printing" on the already existing layers by means of UV light and thereby from the liquid
- Selective laser sintering is a process in which a workpiece is layered by a sintering process from a powdery starting material, in particular
- Polyamide another plastic, a plastic-coated molding sand, or a metal or
- Ceramic powder is produced. Again, 3D printing machines are often used again.
- the powder is applied to a construction platform with the aid of a doctor blade or roller over the entire surface.
- the layers are successively sintered or melted into the powder bed by a position-selective irradiation of light by means of a laser, in particular a Co 2 laser, an Nd: YAG laser or a fiber laser according to the layer contour of the component.
- a laser in particular a Co 2 laser, an Nd: YAG laser or a fiber laser according to the layer contour of the component.
- Construction platform is now slightly lowered and raised a new layer.
- the powder will by raising a powder platform or stock in the squeegee provided.
- the processing is done layer by layer in the vertical direction.
- the energy that is supplied by the laser is absorbed by the powder and leads to a localized sintering or fusing of particles with reduction of the total surface area. In this way, any
- three-dimensional workpieces are produced, in particular those which are by means of
- SLM Selective Laser Melting
- Laser deposition welding is part of cladding, in which a surface is applied to a workpiece by means of melting and simultaneous application of virtually any desired raw material.
- This can be in powder form z. B. done as a metal powder or with a welding wire or -band.
- Laser deposition welding uses a high-power laser, primarily diode lasers or fiber lasers, formerly known as C02 and Nd: YAG lasers.
- the laser usually heats the workpiece defocused and melts it locally.
- an inert gas mixed with fine metal powder is supplied. The supply of the effective range with the metal / gas mixture via drag or coaxial nozzles. At the heated point, the metal powder melts and combines with the metal of the workpiece.
- metal powder and ceramic powder materials especially
- the laser cladding with wire or tape works analogously to the method with powder, but with wire or tape as additional material.
- a particularly preferred production method is the so-called LaserCUSING, which was or will be developed by the company CONCEPTLASER of the Hofmann Innovation Group. This is a melting process in which a workpiece is generated in layers using 3D CAD data. The peculiarity is that one
- Stochastic exposure strategy is used so that each layer is processed segment by segment and successively. This ensures a significant reduction of stresses in the resulting workpiece.
- plastic mold standard in which a so-called freeformer is used.
- the Freeformer melts like the
- Injection molding plastic granules and generates from the liquid melt droplets from which additiv - ie layer by layer - the container is built. This is the individual
- Raw material processing works in principle as in injection molding.
- the granules are filled into the machine.
- a heated plasticizing cylinder leads the plastic melt to one
- Discharge unit Their nozzle closure with high-frequency piezo technology enables fast opening and closing movements and thus creates the plastic droplets under pressure, from which the plastic part builds up dust-free and emission-free additively. With the Freeformer, however, the discharge unit with nozzle remains exactly in its vertical position. Instead, the moves
- Component carrier In addition to a component carrier that can be moved as standard over three axes, a variant with five axes is available as an option. Since the unit has two discharge units, it can also process two raw materials or colors in combination.
- the digital data record which indicates at least the shape and / or the material and / or the structure of the at least one component, is transmitted to the customer, and wherein the at least one component on site at the customer by means of a prototype process is manufactured. If the customer has an appropriate machine that can perform the respective generative process, time and storage costs can be saved in this way. Only the digital data record which describes the respective component must be transmitted electronically. This is particularly advantageous for special solutions, which are manufactured only in small quantities.
- An inventive sensor is used in particular in a measuring device for detecting and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a guided in a pipeline flowable medium.
- a measuring device for detecting and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a guided in a pipeline flowable medium.
- These are, for example, a Coriolis mass flowmeter or Coriolis mass flow / density meter.
- 1 shows a generic field device according to the prior art with two measuring tubes and a housing module with a carrier and a casing (a) in a sectional view, (b) in a perspective view in exploded view and (c) in a sectional view without
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment according to the invention with two measuring tubes
- FIG. 3 shows an inventive measuring tube (a) with variable wall thickness and cross-sectional area and (b) with different possibilities for the cross-sectional shape
- FIG. 3 shows an inventive measuring tube with vibration-damping cavity channels, a flow-forming module and two stiffness-influencing combs
- FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment according to the invention of a measuring tube in (a) perspective view and (b) in a sectional illustration
- FIG. 5 shows a distributor piece according to the invention with a plurality of branches
- FIG. 6 shows a curved measuring tube according to the invention with a bypass line
- FIG. 9 shows an anisotropic housing according to the invention with a passage for the electronics unit and a further sensor.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of a generic field device 1 according to the prior art with two measuring tubes 9a, 9b and a housing module 3 with a support 4 and a casing 5. It is shown in Fig. 1 a is an external view, while the figures 1 b and 1 c show interior views of the same field device 1.
- the housing module 3 is visible, which in the embodiment shown here is formed from a carrier 4 in the form of a laterally at least partially open, in particular tubular, support cylinder which is connected to the two measuring tubes (9a, 9b, see FIG , and an at least the two measuring tubes 9a, 9b surrounding, am Carrier 4 fastened casing 5.
- a neck tube 6 is also attached, via which an electronics unit 6a can be connected, which serves, for example, the signal detection, evaluation, and feed.
- the internal structure and in particular the sensor module 7 of the field device 1 can be better seen in the perspective view in Fig. 1 b.
- an inlet-side 8a and an outlet-side 8b (not visible, see Fig. 1c) distributor piece are integrated, which distributor pieces 8a, 8b are mechanically connected to the carrier 5 (not visible in this illustration).
- the stability of this connection is of great importance for the measuring accuracy of the field device 1.
- the manifolds 8a, 8b are also connected to the two measuring tubes 9a, 9b and distribute the flowing medium from the pipeline (not visible) to the two measuring tubes 9a, 9b.
- the two measuring tubes 9a, 9b which protrude on the inlet side and outlet side of the carrier 5, by means of a plurality of coupling elements 10 (the arrow shows only a coupling element, but there are along the measuring tube several equivalent elements, which for the sake of clarity not with other arrows are provided) mechanically coupled together.
- At least one electromechanical, in particular electro-dynamic, excitation arrangement 1 1 acting on at least one measuring tube 9 a, 9 b is shown for generating and / or maintaining mechanical vibrations of the at least one measuring tube 9 a, 9 b, and at least one for vibrations of the at least one measuring tube 9a, 9b reacting vibration sensor arrangement 12 for generating at least one vibration signal representing the vibrations of the at least one measuring tube.
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a sensor 13 according to the invention.
- the sensor 13 ' has two measuring tubes 9a', 9b ', which are made in one piece together with a carrier 4', two process connections 2a ', 2b' and two distributor pieces 15a ', 15b'.
- six are arranged in pairs
- FIG. 3 shows further embodiment variants according to the invention for a measuring tube 9a ", by way of example on the basis of a straight measuring tube 9a". As can be seen from Fig. 3a, the
- Wall thickness 17a, 17b of the measuring tube 9a " which is the thickness of the wall 16, along the
- the wall thickness 17a is smaller than the wall thickness 17b in a second subsection
- the cross sectional area 18a of the measuring tube 9a is larger than the cross sectional area 18b in the second subsection.
- the cross-sectional area is the area enclosed by the wall 16, the normal vector of which points in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the measuring tube 9a "The longitudinal axis runs parallel to the flow direction of the respective medium.
- the cross-sectional shape 19a-d may also be varied, meaning the geometry of the cross-sectional area 18a, 18b 9a "in FIG. 3a is round in both partial sections, further possible cross-sectional shapes 19b-d are sketched in FIG. 3b, but in each case without the complete measuring tube 9a" being drawn in.
- an oval 19b, a star-shaped 19d, or a circular-segment-shaped 19c cross-sectional shape are possible.
- the choice of a circular segment-shaped cross-sectional shape 19c is advantageous, inter alia, with respect to the associated space saving when using more than one measuring tube 9a ", 9b", which results from the possibility of positioning the at least two measuring tubes 9a ", 9b" side by side in that the straight regions of the surface circumferences are in each case opposite one another.
- a third exemplary embodiment of a measuring tube 9a '" is the subject of Fig. 4, wherein a perspective view is shown in Fig. 4a and a sectional view in Fig. 4b
- Two combs 21a, 21b, which effect a direction-dependent rigidity of the measuring tube 9a '', are arranged on opposite sides, and structures 20 incorporated with the wall thickness 17a 'are visible within the wall of the measuring tube 9a' '.
- These structures may be, for example, either parallel to the inner volume of the measuring tube 9a '"parallel
- a flow-forming module or a tensioning element 22 In the interior of the measuring tube 9a '"there is arranged a flow-forming module or a tensioning element 22.
- a flow-forming module this can be, for example, a dividing wall or a flow rectifier, or several such modules can be integrated in the same measuring tube 9a'".
- the internal volume of the measuring tube 9a '" can be subdivided into any number of fine individual tubes, similar to multichannel electrical cables
- the wall 17a' of the measuring tube 9a '", the two combs 21a, 21b, and the flow-forming module 22 are common made in one piece.
- the structures 20 have also been incorporated into the wall 17a 'measuring tube 9a''' Fig.
- FIG 5 shows a possible embodiment of a distributor 8a according to the invention, which measures the flow volume of the medium from the pipeline which enters the inlet 23 of the distributor 8a ", divides it into 6 individual tubes 24a-f.
- the distributor piece 8a" has a multiply branched contiguous internal volume 23.
- the individual branches 23a-e divide the respectively preceding section into two subsections in each case. For the example shown here, the five asymmetric branches 23a-e are shown. It goes without saying that too
- the walls 16a “, 16b" of the two measuring tubes 9a “", 9b “” are together with the two process connections 2a “and 2b", two distributor pieces (not visible in this figure) and with the wall 16c "one straight bypass line 24 made in one piece.
- a determinable subset of the flowing medium can be passed.
- a further sensor element 32 see FIG. 9) can then be integrated to detect a further process variable.
- an absorber tube 25 is integrated, as shown, for example, in FIG. 7.
- the Tilgerrohr a larger diameter, so a larger area of the cross-sectional area 18b "than the measuring tube 9a v.
- the measuring tube 9a is v-contact integrated in the inner area of the Tilgerrohrs 25, and is surrounded by the Tilgerrohr coaxial.
- the measuring tube 9a v , the absorber tube 25, and the two process connections 2a "', 2b" are made together and in one piece by means of the generative process.
- FIG. 7 Another way to specifically influence the properties of a measuring tube 9 a is sketched in FIG. 7.
- the mass or the mass distribution of the measuring tube 9a vl change, without thereby affecting the rigidity of the measuring tube. This allows the position of the respective vibration modes within the frequency spectrum of the measuring tube 9a vl vary.
- two mass elements 26a, 26b are arranged on the outer region of the wall 16 '''of the measuring tube 9a 1.
- the first mass element 26a is cut open in the selected representation in order to make visible the respectively used fastening unit 27a, 27b by means of which fastening unit 27a, 27b the mass element 26a is attached to the outer wall 16 "'of the measuring tube 9a vl .
- the fastening unit 27a, 27b is a ring radially surrounding the measuring tube 9a, vl .
- the contact surface 28a between the fastening unit 27a and the mass element 26a and / or the contact surface 28b between the fastening unit 27a and the outer region of the wall 16 "'of the measuring tube 9a vl should be kept minimal Both the measuring tube 9a vl and the mass elements 26a, 26b and the fastening units 27a, 27b are manufactured jointly in one piece by means of the generative method.
- transducer housing 3 ' are various advantageous possibilities conceivable, as shown by way of example in Fig. 9.
- Structures 20 ' are incorporated within the wall 16 "' of the receiver housing 3 ', similar to the measuring tube 9a'" of Fig. 4. These may, for example, be cavity channels or empty / filled capsules
- Transducer housing 3a 'of FIG. 9 has, for example, an anisotropic structure.
- a honeycomb structure 30 is arranged in a first subregion 29a within the wall 16 "", while a composite material 31 is incorporated in a second subregion 29b.
- anisotropic stiffness and possibly also mass distribution can be achieved such that areas which are exposed to an increased external force, for example, have a higher rigidity.
- Such areas are, for example, in particular the areas in which the process connections (2a, 2b) and / or distribution pieces (8a, 8b) (not shown) are integrated.
- the housing additionally comprises a neck tube 6 ', by means of which an electronic unit 6a (not shown) can be connected to the transducer housing 3'.
- This neck tube 6 ' is an optional component of the transducer housing 3'.
- an additional sensor element 32 which can be used to detect a further process variable, in particular the temperature or the pressure, can furthermore be integrated into the wall 16 "'of the sensor housing 3'.
- a corresponding sensor element 32 can also be integrated into other components of a measuring sensor 15, for example into a bypass line 24, as shown in FIG.
- cavities within the receiver housing 3 ' can optionally be provided with a filling 33, which in particular has damping properties.
- the filling may, for example, have a honeycomb structure or a porous structure.
- 16a, 16b wall of a component, for. B. wall of the measuring tube or transducer housing
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014119073.4A DE102014119073A1 (de) | 2014-12-18 | 2014-12-18 | Messaufnehmer vom Vibrationstyp |
PCT/EP2015/076023 WO2016096243A1 (de) | 2014-12-18 | 2015-11-09 | Messaufnehmer vom vibrationstyp |
Publications (1)
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EP3234516A1 true EP3234516A1 (de) | 2017-10-25 |
Family
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EP15791602.4A Withdrawn EP3234516A1 (de) | 2014-12-18 | 2015-11-09 | Messaufnehmer vom vibrationstyp |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US10533884B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3234516A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN107110687A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014119073A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016096243A1 (de) |
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WO2019040055A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | Micro Motion, Inc. | MULTI-CHANNEL FLOW TUBE WITH SUPPORTS |
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DE102017129634A1 (de) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-13 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Potentiometrischer Sensor zur pH-Wertbestimmung und Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer Verbindung zwischen einem Schaftrohr und einer Glasmembran eines potentiometrischen Sensors |
CN108871480B (zh) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-03-19 | 韩泽方 | 动密封铰链管式科里奥利质量流量计 |
CN111457972B (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2023-09-29 | 高准有限公司 | 用于高压质量流量计的歧管装置和歧管组件 |
DE102019001742A1 (de) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-17 | MFT Meister Flow Technology Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Vorrichtung zum Messen und/oder Regeln und Verfahren |
DE102019122210B3 (de) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-01-28 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Messrohr eines Coriolis-Messaufnehmers mit einer LTCC-Keramik, Coriolis-Messaufnehmer mit einem solchen Messrohr und Coriolis-Messgerät mit einem solchen Coriolis-Messaufnehmer. |
DE102019129747A1 (de) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-06 | Krohne Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Messeinheit und Messeinheit |
DE102019135303B4 (de) * | 2019-12-19 | 2024-03-14 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Messaufnehmer eines Messgerätes zum Erfassen eines Massedurchflusses, einer Viskosität, einer Dichte und/oder einer davon abgeleiteten Größe eines fließfähigen Mediums |
EP3974785A1 (de) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-30 | Heinrichs Messtechnik GmbH | Coriolis-durchflussmessgerät sowie verfahren zum betrieb des coriolis-durchflussmessgeräts |
US20240210295A1 (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2024-06-27 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Density meter having at least one measuring tube, and method for operating and method for adjusting a density meter of this type |
DE102023109943A1 (de) * | 2023-04-19 | 2024-10-24 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Coriolis-Massedurchfluss- und Dichtemessapparat |
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- 2015-11-09 EP EP15791602.4A patent/EP3234516A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-11-09 WO PCT/EP2015/076023 patent/WO2016096243A1/de active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US10533884B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 |
US20170343404A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
DE102014119073A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
WO2016096243A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
CN107110687A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
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