EP3232976A1 - System zur roboterunterstützten medizinischen behandlung - Google Patents
System zur roboterunterstützten medizinischen behandlungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3232976A1 EP3232976A1 EP15805132.6A EP15805132A EP3232976A1 EP 3232976 A1 EP3232976 A1 EP 3232976A1 EP 15805132 A EP15805132 A EP 15805132A EP 3232976 A1 EP3232976 A1 EP 3232976A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- medical
- visualization device
- manipulator
- instrument
- robot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/361—Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/30—Surgical robots
- A61B34/32—Surgical robots operating autonomously
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
- A61B8/0841—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2055—Optical tracking systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
- A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
- A61B2034/2063—Acoustic tracking systems, e.g. using ultrasound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
- A61B2090/065—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3937—Visible markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3983—Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and method for robot assisted medical treatment of a patient.
- An example of such a medical treatment is a special biopsy, which is monitored by ultrasound to make the extraction of a tissue sample from lymph nodes of the neck by means of a fine needle for cytological examination in case of suspicion of a tumor (for example Hodgkin's lymphoma).
- the practicing physician holds the biopsy needle in one hand and the ultrasound probe in the other hand to ultrasonically monitor the reaching of the target region (e.g., suspected tumor), and to protect structures as they approach the target region, e.g. Blood vessels, not to hurt.
- Robot is guided.
- a robot system is already known in which a probe is attached to the hand flange of the robot and can be moved by the robot. Compared to manual operation of the probe allows the
- a robot is described with a medical visualization device (e.g., ultrasound probe).
- the aim of this application is the representation of a structure of interest inside the body.
- the system allows the user (doctor) to change the position of the apparatus when it is in the way, and the robot controller will then automatically set the position
- Ultrasonic probe is attached to a robot and the robot via a joystick o. Manually controlled by the surgeon.
- a disadvantage of some of the above methods is that while the medical device is positioned with the help of the robot, it is the correct one
- Transducer on the body surface can change greatly.
- the implementation of image information in compensatory motion is relatively difficult for a human because a complex transfer step is necessary in the implementation of eye-hand coordination.
- the invention relates to a system for robot-assisted
- a manipulator in particular a multi-axis articulated arm robot
- a medical visualization device which is mounted on the manipulator to be moved by the manipulator.
- a medical instrument is provided which is provided with at least one marker in order to be able to detect the position of the medical instrument, as well as a control device which is set up to determine the position of the medical instrument with the aid of the marker and around the manipulator to move with the medical visualization device depending on the particular position of the medical instrument.
- the medical instrument such as a biopsy needle, a catheter, a radiation source, etc., is preferably performed by the surgeon directly by hand, it However, it can also be attached to a further manipulator and guided by means of this further manipulator.
- the marker on the medical instrument is detected, for example, by a suitable sensor in order to be able to detect the position of the marker in the room, and thus - since the offset of marker and instrument is known - the position of the instrument.
- the sensor is assigned to the control device, ie, for example part of the control device, so that the position of the instrument can be determined by the control device with the aid of the detected position of the marker.
- the term "marker" is understood herein in its broadest sense and may, for example, also the
- the controller moves the manipulator depending on the particular position of the instrument.
- the manipulator follows a movement of the instrument such that the
- Visualization always makes a desired area visualizable or visualization device is always a desired area can be visualized.
- the medical visualization device itself is here to be understood only as an element or device,
- the data transmission is preferably wireless or wired.
- the manipulator is moved such that the medical visualization device detects at least a part of the instrument, such as the tip of a biopsy needle.
- the medical visualization device detects at least a part of the instrument, such as the tip of a biopsy needle.
- a Transducer is eg the optimal position of the head with respect to the (biopsy) needle within a tolerance range fix.
- Tolerance range is given by the spatial extent of (biopsy) needle and scarf level. For this (relatively) fixed
- the optimal position of the ultrasound head can be determined. This position represents the target position of the manipulator and the
- Manipulator is further preferably controlled so that these
- Target position is adjusted (changed) when the (biopsy) needle or instrument is moved. That is, the control device is preferably configured to move the manipulator with the medical visualization device such that the medical
- Visualization device follows a movement of the instrument (trackt).
- a further marker is assigned to the location of the medical
- Visualization device to capture and the control device is further set to the location of the medical
- the location of the visualization device is known per se, since the arrangement of the device is known on the manipulator and thus the spatial coordinates of the device can be determined at any time on the basis of the manipulator position. Sensors are also known, with which the position of the marker in space, and thus in relation to the sensor, can be determined very accurately.
- An additional marker helps to determine the relative spatial arrangement of visualization device and instrument to each other, especially if the position of the manipulator and / or the sensor with which the marker is detected, not fixed to each other.
- the use of two markers, ie on the visualization device and on the instrument allows the determination of the relative position of the two markers (and thus of the instrument and instrument) to one another. This is especially the case when both have the same type of marker detected by the same sensors.
- the system detects, for example, the markers and returns the origin of the marker coordinate systems to the
- the markers are optical markers
- the control device is associated with a sensor in the form of a camera device, which is set up to detect the optical markers and their position in space.
- the markers are optical markers
- the control device is associated with a sensor in the form of a camera device, which is set up to detect the optical markers and their position in space.
- the camera device a stereo camera.
- the stereo camera With the help of the stereo camera, the position and orientation of the instrument, and possibly the
- Visualization device if this also has a corresponding optical marker, determine in space, so that the position can be calculated.
- the manipulator is a multi-axis articulated arm robot whose axes are provided with sensors for detecting the forces and / or torques acting on the axles.
- the sensors it is possible to define force limits for the manipulator, which he must not exceed when, for example, he presses the visualization device against the body of a patient.
- the control device is set up to control the robot or articulated-arm robot such that the medical visualization device is pressed against the body of the patient with a defined force.
- the defined force is preferably an area to ensure that the device is indeed conducted with sufficient force against the body of the patient, but certain maximum forces are not exceeded.
- the medical includes or is
- the surgical instrument comprises or is a needle and in particular a biopsy needle.
- the present invention further relates to a method for
- robot-assisted medical treatment of a patient comprising the following steps:
- Visualization device for example, preferably an ultrasound probe and the medical instrument a (biopsy) needle, a catheter, a radiation source, etc.
- the method further comprises moving the manipulator in dependence on the relative position of the medical instrument and medical visualization device such that the medical visualization device detects at least a part of the instrument and follows a movement of this part of the instrument.
- Visualization device or the manipulator "tracks" the instrument so that it is not absolutely necessary that the instrument is completely covered by the image plane of the device, but in practice it is usually sufficient if the essential parts of the instrument, such as Tip of a needle, captured by the visualization device and
- the method further comprises:
- Visualization device is aligned to capture the target point in space.
- a target may be a particular site in the patient's body, such as lymph nodes or a tumor or the like, to be treated.
- This target point is detected (defined) and stored in e.g. the control device of the manipulator deposited so that the manipulator at any time on command, the visualization device can align so that the target point detected, i. is displayed or visualized.
- This may be advantageous for certain interventions on the patient, since, for example, with a sufficient approximation of the instrument to the desired target point, focusing the visualization device on this target point is more helpful to the surgeon than focusing on a part of the instrument.
- the present system and method offer the advantage that the operator is relieved of the orientation and adjustment of the visualization device, as this is taken over by the control device and the manipulator. As a result, the surgeon or doctor can concentrate on his actual task, such as puncturing a structure of interest.
- the invention offers the possibility of increasing the quality of navigated, image-supported biopsies by using a manipulator which holds the visualization device and moves it so that the information of interest is always visible in the image. 4th embodiment
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a system according to the invention for
- FIG. 2 shows the system of Fig. L with the manipulator and the
- the system includes a controller 10 having a robot controller 11, a computer 12 and a stereo camera 14.
- the patient 50 lies on an operating table 55 and in the illustration shown 51 is intended to indicate a sectional view through the neck of the patient 50.
- a target point 52 to be examined or treated such as a tumor or the like.
- Treatment is intended by means of a surgical instrument 40,
- a biopsy needle 40 take place, which is performed in the example shown manually by an operator.
- the biopsy needle 40 could also be guided by a further manipulator.
- the biopsy needle 40 should be guided to the destination point 52. To facilitate the surgeon the guidance of the biopsy needle 40, or
- Visualization device 30 in the form of an ultrasound probe 30 (in this case, preferably in conjunction with a computer / a computing unit and an HMI or monitor over which the captured (image) data of the medical visualization device 30 are actually output) used.
- the robot controller 11 is used to control a multi-axis articulated arm robot 20 (or manipulator 20).
- the controller 11 and the articulated arm robot 20 are connected via data lines 21 in FIG.
- the articulated arm robot 20 carries and moves the ultrasound probe 30.
- the ultrasound probe 30 is pressed by the articulated arm robot 20 against the body of the patient 50 to take ultrasound images of the interior of the patient's body. The ultrasound images are taken over the
- Transfer data lines 21, processed in the computer 12 and then on Monitor 13 is displayed.
- the image plane (switching plane) of the ultrasound probe 30 should be displayed.
- the image or sound plane of the probe is usually only a few millimeters thick, so that the probe must be aligned very accurately to
- the alignment of the probe and the pressing of the probe is performed by the manipulator or articulated arm robot 20, so that an operator is relieved of these tasks.
- the robot or articulated arm robot 20 is provided with force sensors and operates in force control, so that it presses the ultrasonic probe 30 with a defined force on the skin surface of the patient 50.
- the robot controller 11 calculates the path to the target position and orientation with the boundary conditions "maintain skin contact with defined force", “no collision with ultrasound needle", “no collision with marker” etc.
- the biopsy needle 40 is provided with an optical marker 41.
- the stereo camera 14 of the control device 10 detects the marker 41 and provides the origin of the
- Marker coordinate system to the robot controller 11 and to the computer 12 to determine the position of the biopsy needle 40.
- the robot controller 11 then calculates the optimum position of the
- Ultrasound probe 30 target position and orientation as a function of the position of the biopsy needle 40th Because the position of the ultrasonic probe 30 due to the current (articulated arm) robot position or
- Manipulator position is fixed or can be calculated from it, and the course and the orientation of the sound plane 32 is also known, it is thus possible to automatically align the probe 30.
- the probe 30 is directed onto the tip of the biopsy needle 40 and the needle tip (or biopsy needle tip) is detected by the scarf plane 32.
- the operator can follow the movement of the needle tip through the body of the patient 50 on the monitor 13 and guide the biopsy needle 40 to the target point 52 accordingly.
- the biopsy needle 40 punctures the target point 52 in order, for example, to take a tissue sample at this point.
- the manipulator 20 has moved the probe 30 in accordance with, so that the sound plane 32 is further directed to the needle tip and thus detected, so that the position of the biopsy needle 40 can be displayed on the screen 13.
- This reversal is made automatically by the robot controller 11 on the basis of the changed position of the biopsy needle 40.
- the stereo camera 14 detects the marker 41 and thus the changed position of the biopsy needle 40, so that the control device 10 causes the corresponding movements of the articulated arm robot 20.
- the ultrasound probe 30 is also provided with a further marker 31, which advantageously operates on the same principle as the marker 41.
- the further marker 31 can be the marker 31
- the update rate of the system is analogous to the update rate of the tracking system (such as 30-90 Hz, or preferably 40-80 Hz) so that the articulated arm robot or manipulator can maintain the biopsy needle 40 representation in the ultrasound plane throughout the procedure.
- the articulated arm robot thus follows even the smallest movements of the biopsy needle 40, i.
- the biopsy needle 40 is tracked by the articulated arm robot and thus the ultrasound probe.
- the high update rate has the advantage that only small movements of the articulated arm robot are to be expected because strong movements must be prevented for safety reasons.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102014226240.2A DE102014226240A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2014-12-17 | System zur roboterunterstützten medizinischen Behandlung |
PCT/EP2015/077779 WO2016096366A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2015-11-26 | System zur roboterunterstützten medizinischen behandlung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3232976A1 true EP3232976A1 (de) | 2017-10-25 |
Family
ID=54783575
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15805132.6A Withdrawn EP3232976A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2015-11-26 | System zur roboterunterstützten medizinischen behandlung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170319289A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3232976A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20170093200A (de) |
CN (1) | CN106999250A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102014226240A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016096366A1 (de) |
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- 2014-12-17 DE DE102014226240.2A patent/DE102014226240A1/de not_active Ceased
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- 2015-11-26 US US15/534,758 patent/US20170319289A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-26 WO PCT/EP2015/077779 patent/WO2016096366A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-11-26 KR KR1020177018509A patent/KR20170093200A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-26 CN CN201580069080.9A patent/CN106999250A/zh active Pending
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WO2016096366A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
KR20170093200A (ko) | 2017-08-14 |
US20170319289A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
CN106999250A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
DE102014226240A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
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