EP3230531B1 - Procédés et dispositifs d'amélioration de terrain - Google Patents

Procédés et dispositifs d'amélioration de terrain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3230531B1
EP3230531B1 EP15825602.4A EP15825602A EP3230531B1 EP 3230531 B1 EP3230531 B1 EP 3230531B1 EP 15825602 A EP15825602 A EP 15825602A EP 3230531 B1 EP3230531 B1 EP 3230531B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling tool
hollow
subsoil
turbine
drilling
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EP15825602.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3230531A1 (fr
Inventor
Maik KETTNER
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/074—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/56—Screw piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing bored piles and a boring tool. Furthermore, a deep vibrator and a method for displacing and solidifying a building material are objects of the present invention.
  • a building site survey usually describes the properties of the soil. Dead loads, payloads and climatically-related loads must be transferred permanently, safely and with little settlement to the subsoil. If the subsoil is not suitable to withstand the planned loads, a technical adaptation of the properties of the subsoil to the requirements can be considered.
  • One way to improve the properties of the subsoil in construction projects is to produce pile-like foundation elements in the subsoil, which can be used to transfer relatively high loads.
  • the manufacture of bored piles is one way of making pile foundations.
  • a drilling tool is sunk into the ground with the application of a vertical force and a drilling torque. Additional material that forms the bored pile is introduced into the resulting bore.
  • the additional material can be introduced through a hollow core of the drilling tool, in this case also called a hollow drilling tool, or can be filled separately into the bore.
  • a continuous hollow auger is used in the partial displacement drilling process.
  • This consists of a drill pipe, which is provided on the outside with a screw helix and is closed at a lower end by a footplate.
  • Conventional hollow augers for such applications are about 3 to 50 m long and have a diameter of about 300 to 1100 mm. Applying a vertical force and a torque, the hollow auger is sunk into the ground. The surrounding ground is displaced and compacted at the same time. Due to the external helix attached to the drill pipe, also called hollow core, there is additional conveyance of building material.
  • a so-called reinforcement is sometimes inserted into the hollow core.
  • concrete or an alternative filling material such as mortar for the displacement bored pile is pumped in or filled in while simultaneously withdrawing the hollow auger.
  • the base plate usually remains in the ground if the reinforcement is to be installed before pulling.
  • a drill pipe at the end of which a beginner tip, usually with screw gears, is attached, is sunk into the ground by exerting a vertical force and a torque.
  • Conventional full displacement drilling tools for such applications are about 3 to 50 m long and have a diameter of about 200 to 1000 mm.
  • the tip almost completely displaces the ground in a lateral direction, thereby compacting the soil that surrounds the later pile. There is no significant vertical soil extraction to the surface of the earth. If the drill pipe has penetrated into the load-bearing subsurface, some reinforcement is introduced into the drill pipe. The concrete is then pumped in or poured while pulling the drill pipe.
  • the diameter of displacement bored piles is usually in the range of 200 to 1000 mm.
  • drilling tools in which the tip can remain in the ground or in which the tip can be pulled out of the ground with the drilling tool.
  • drilling tools in which the drill helix is optionally provided at the tip, the drill pipe or at the tip and the drill pipe. Drilling tools without a helix are also possible, in which the drilling torque can be transferred to the ground, for example, via an outer surface with corresponding friction properties. Any combinations of these and other known variants are also conceivable.
  • Deep vibration processes Another way to improve the properties of the subsoil in construction projects is in so-called deep vibration processes. These generally relate to methods for compacting and consolidating subsoil, with a tool, a so-called deep vibrator, displacing the subsoil and thereby consolidating it.
  • This method and the associated tools, the deep vibrators are generally known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the deep vibrator is sunk into the ground with the application of a vertical force and generates horizontal vibrations during the sinking.
  • Conventional deep vibrators for such purposes are about 2 to 5 m long, have a diameter of about 300 to 900 mm and weigh about 1 to 6 t. Its length is adapted to the intended working depth using attachment tubes.
  • the deep vibrators are guided by cranes, excavators or specially developed carrier devices.
  • a frequency of the vibrations generated by conventional deep vibrators is in the range of the natural frequency of the subsoil, typically between 25 and 60 Hz.
  • the vibrations exist both as a dynamic horizontal deflection of the deep vibrator and in the form of a dynamic horizontal force that is exerted by the deep vibrator on the surrounding area Soil is exercised. Since such mechanical relationships are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art, no distinction will be made in the following between a force and a deflection vibration, because a force that acts on a body always exerts an acceleration on this body, which leads to a certain deflection of the body Consequence. The horizontal vibrations are therefore transmitted to the surrounding ground. If the material of the subsoil is compressible, the horizontal vibrations lead to displacement and thus compaction of the subsoil itself. The compaction results in a consolidation of the subsoil.
  • the so-called vibrating pressure method an embodiment of the deep vibrating method, is discussed, in which the deep vibrator is sunk into the ground several times and at certain intervals and then withdrawn again.
  • the vibrations of the deep vibrator briefly reduce the frictional force between the building blocks.
  • the grains of the building ground material can then change to a denser storage state as soon as the deep vibrator is withdrawn from an area of the building ground displaced by it.
  • existing voids in the ground can be reduced or closed completely.
  • Coarse-grained building sites which consist for example of coarse sand, gravel or small stones, are particularly suitable for such compaction. Since there is a decrease in volume as a result of the compression, this usually has to be compensated for by superficial refilling of material. The result is a solidified subsoil with the same height level, which is suitable for carrying larger loads.
  • the so-called vibrating plug process is described as an example. It is suitable for building materials with small grain sizes, such as silt or clay, as well as organic materials. With such materials, it is no longer possible to sufficiently compact the subsoil itself.
  • a deep vibrator is used in alternating steps. With the deep vibrator sunk into the subsoil, an additional material, such as gravel or crushed stone or concrete, is introduced into the subsoil, which after completion has a higher rigidity than the surrounding soil. The additional material emerges at the tip of the deep vibrator when it is lifting.
  • the additional material on the surface of the earth is fed into the deep vibrator through a lock and guided into the working depth of the deep vibrator by an external hollow core.
  • the leaked additional material is compacted during the lowering movement of the deep vibrator following the lifting movement and displaced laterally into the ground. In this way, so-called stuffing columns are gradually created, which, together with the ground, are suitable for transferring the loads.
  • Deep vibrators are well known to those skilled in the art. They have a linkage that consists of one or several extension tubes. Through them, the deep vibrator can be sunk to the desired depth. In the case of deep vibrators for the vibrating tamping process, a hollow core can additionally be provided for guiding the additional material.
  • the head of the deep vibrator is connected to the linkage via an elastic coupling.
  • the head usually consists of an elongated housing, in the interior of which a mechanism and a drive energy source for generating horizontal vibrations are arranged.
  • the mechanics consist of a mass with an eccentric center of gravity, in other words an unbalance as well as a bearing and a drive shaft.
  • the bearing limits the degrees of freedom of the drive shaft and imbalance to a rotational degree of freedom.
  • an electric or hydraulic motor is provided as the drive energy source, which is usually operatively connected to the drive shaft via a positive-locking gear.
  • the motor with gearbox and the mechanics together form a drive train. If the motor supplies drive energy to the drive shaft with the unbalance, it begins to rotate. Dynamic centrifugal forces occur on the mass with an eccentric center of gravity, which result in lateral acceleration of the entire mechanics. The mechanics are thus set in horizontal vibrations. The vibrations are transferred to the housing of the deep vibrator via the bearing.
  • DE 10 006 973 A1 discloses an apparatus for the manufacture of bored piles using the displacement rotary drilling method.
  • a vibration generator is arranged at an end end of a drill pipe, which is separated from an upper section of the pipe via an elastic joint.
  • DE 199 30 884 A1 discloses a method for compacting soils using a deep vibrator.
  • a size of the moved unbalance mass is changed to change the effective impact force during the vibration process.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing To supply bored piles and a corresponding boring tool of the type mentioned at the outset for the production of bores and bored piles, the boring tool also being designed to be simple and adaptable flexibly to the respective building ground, and the efficiency of the method and of the boring tool being improved.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for displacing and consolidating building material and a deep vibrator of the aforementioned types, which is simple in construction and can be flexibly adapted to the respective building ground.
  • the present invention relates to a method for producing bored piles.
  • a drilling tool is sunk into the ground with the application of a drilling torque and a vertical force, withdrawn again and an additional material is introduced into the resulting hole.
  • the drilling tool is vibrated by one or more actuators while it is being sunk into the ground and / or while the drilling tool is being withdrawn, a resulting oscillation amplitude having at least a horizontal portion.
  • Actuators are preferably used which generate an oscillation with an amplitude in the range from 0.01 mm to 5 mm, further preferably 0.02 mm to 3 mm and particularly preferably 0.03 mm to 2 mm with respect to a horizontal or radial deflection of the drilling tool .
  • An amplitude with respect to a horizontal or radial force is preferably 0.5 kN to 1000 kN, further preferably 1 kN to 700 kN and particularly preferably 25 kN to 400 kN.
  • the actuators are preferably designed as one or more independent flow machines, particularly preferably as one or more pneumatic turbines, in each of which one or more imbalances are integrated.
  • the pneumatic turbines are preferably operated at speeds of 1 rpm to 100,000 rpm, particularly preferably 1 rpm to 50,000 rpm and particularly preferably 1 rpm to 30,000 rpm.
  • pneumatic turbines are to be operated at different speeds, for example turbines with adjustable turbine blades can be used.
  • Means for influencing the air flow can also be used, such as valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements of the drilling tool. Fundamentally, the person skilled in the art is aware of procedures for operating several turbines that are independent of one another.
  • a hollow drilling tool is used as the drilling tool, which has at least one hollow core and that the additional material is filled into the bore through the hollow core of the hollow drilling tool, before the start and / or during and / or after the withdrawal of the hollow drilling tool.
  • reinforcement is introduced into the hollow core of the hollow drilling tool before the filling material is filled into the hollow core of the hollow drilling tool.
  • the drilling tool has at least one turbomachine, at least one imbalance being integrated in at least one rotor of the at least one turbomachine and the rotor being rotatably mounted in the drilling tool about a longitudinal axis of the drilling tool, so that a resulting oscillation can be generated, the oscillation of which Vibration amplitude has at least a horizontal portion.
  • a drilling tool is any device with which a drilling torque, in other words a circumferential force, can be transmitted to the surrounding ground via an outer surface of the device.
  • the turbomachine can preferably be operated at speeds from 1 rpm to 100,000 rpm, particularly preferably from 1 rpm to 50,000 rpm and particularly preferably from 1 rpm to 30,000 rpm.
  • the unbalance is preferably designed and integrated in the rotor of the turbomachine in such a way that the drilling tool is designed, in operation a vibration with an amplitude in the range from 0.01 mm to 5 mm, further preferably 0.02 mm to 3 mm and particularly preferably 0.03 mm to 2 mm with respect to a horizontal or radial deflection of the drilling tool or an oscillation with an amplitude with respect to a horizontal or radial force of preferably 0.5 kN to 1000 kN, further preferably 1 kN to 700 kN and particularly preferably 25 kN up to 400 kN.
  • This offers the advantage that the turbomachine can be operated at a high speed, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of the turbomachine.
  • the drilling tool is provided at least in sections with a helix and / or a tip with screw threads.
  • the drilling tool is a hollow drilling tool, having at least one hollow core.
  • the at least one turbomachine is designed as at least one pneumatic turbine.
  • pneumatic turbines are to be operated at different speeds, they can have, for example, adjustable turbine blades.
  • Means for influencing the air flow can also be provided in the drilling tool, such as valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements.
  • valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements In principle, the person skilled in the art knows how to design turbines or the system that provides the operating fluid so that they can be operated at different speeds.
  • At least one impeller with turbine blades is mounted on a hollow shaft which is designed as a hollow core.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to a deep vibrator for displacing and solidifying a building material, having at least one rotationally movable unbalance, the deep vibrator having at least one turbo machine as a drive for the unbalance and the at least one turbo machine comprising at least one pneumatically driven turbine.
  • the at least a pneumatically driven turbine with which at least one imbalance is operatively connected via at least one induction clutch is provided.
  • a pneumatic turbine can advantageously be designed to be operated permanently with a maximum torque. Differences in speed between the turbine and imbalance can advantageously be compensated for by the induction coupling, so that no mechanical gearbox based on positive locking is required. Frictional losses can thereby advantageously be avoided. This also leads to a reduced maintenance effort.
  • the design for air as the operating fluid for the turbine also offers the advantage that storage and permanent processing of the operating fluid can be omitted.
  • the induction coupling belongs to the class of externally operated switchable couplings with a force-locking principle.
  • the transmission of force or moment is based on the principle of a changing magnetic field that acts on a passive electrical conductor.
  • the drive side of the clutch can generate the magnetic field, for example, and is referred to below as the active side.
  • Both permanent magnets and electromagnets can be used to generate the magnetic field. If an electromagnet is used, it can consist of one or more electrical conductors through which a controllable current can flow.
  • the passive side With induction couplings, there is no physical contact between the drive side (active side) and the output side (passive side), hereinafter referred to as the passive side.
  • the passive side can preferably have a short-circuited electrical conductor that is not actively supplied with an electrical voltage. If there is a speed difference between the active and passive side, this results in a relative movement between the active and passive side. The magnetic field generated by the active side is thus moved relative to the short-circuited conductor on the passive side. As a result, the Lorenz force acts on the short-circuited conductor, whereby a torque can be transmitted from the drive side (active side) to the output side (passive side) of the induction coupling. The torque can preferably be achieved by regulating the electrical current that flows through the electrical conductor of the active drive side. Swapping the active and passive side is also possible. It is also possible to use two active pages. These constructive modifications are carried out independently by the specialist if required.
  • the induction coupling enables operation with a permanent speed difference between the input and output side.
  • An induction clutch is preferably used, which is designed to transmit torques of more than 1 Nm on the drive side.
  • the torque values that can be transmitted on the drive side are preferably in the range from 5 Nm to 100 Nm, particularly preferably from 10 Nm to 40 Nm.
  • the induction clutch is preferred in the speed range on the drive side between 500 rpm (revolutions per minute) and 50,000 rpm, preferably between 10,000 rpm and 40,000 rpm and particularly preferably between 10,000 rpm and 30,000 rpm operated.
  • a mechanical power that can be transmitted by the induction coupling is preferably in the range from 5 kW to 200 kW, particularly preferably from 10 kW to 60 kW and particularly preferably from 20 kW to 50 kW.
  • An induction coupling with permanent magnets is preferably used.
  • an induction coupling with an electromagnet is preferably used.
  • the drive side of the induction clutch in other words the side of the induction clutch facing the pneumatic turbine, is designed as a passive side and that the driven side, that is to say the side facing the unbalance, is designed as an active side.
  • An arrangement of a plurality of induction clutches connected in series is also preferred.
  • a mass of the rotationally movable unbalance is preferably between 1 kg and 200 kg, particularly preferably between 5 kg and 60 kg.
  • a center of gravity of the rotationally movable unbalance is, based on an axis of rotation, preferably at a maximum radial distance from the axis of rotation. An available installation space acts as a limiting boundary condition.
  • the pneumatic turbine can preferably be operated at speeds of 500 rpm and 50,000 rpm, preferably between 10,000 rpm and 40,000 rpm and particularly preferably between 10,000 rpm and 30,000 rpm.
  • a torque that can be generated by the pneumatic turbine is preferably in the range from 1 Nm to 100 Nm, particularly preferably from 10 Nm to 40 Nm, particularly preferably from 15 Nm to 25 Nm.
  • a pressure difference of an amount of air that can be used to operate the pneumatic turbine, from a turbine inlet to a turbine outlet, is preferably between 1 bar and 30 bar, further preferably 2 bar and 20 bar and particularly preferably between 3 bar and 15 bar. This has the advantage that the pneumatic turbine can provide high torque with high efficiency.
  • the induction coupling is designed with rotational frequencies on the drive side (drive shaft) in rotational frequencies of preferably between 5 Hz and 120 Hz, particularly preferably between 15 Hz and 90 Hz and particularly preferably between 25 Hz and 60 Hz on the To convert shaft on the output side (output shaft) of the induction coupling.
  • a method for displacing and solidifying a building material wherein a deep vibrator is sunk into the ground by applying a vertical force and the deep vibrator is set in vibration during the sinking, a resulting vibration amplitude having at least a horizontal portion ,
  • vibrations are generated by at least two kinematically independent, rotationally moved unbalances, the resulting vibration being adjustable by superimposing the individual vibrations of the independent unbalances.
  • the rotational frequencies of the respective rotationally moved unbalances are preferably between 20 Hz and 600 Hz, particularly preferably between 30 Hz and 500 Hz and particularly preferably between 50 Hz and 450 Hz.
  • the frequency of the resulting superimposed vibration is preferably between 5 Hz and 120 Hz, particularly preferably between 15 Hz and 90 Hz and particularly preferably between 25 Hz and 60 Hz.
  • a dynamic resulting centrifugal force is furthermore preferably generated by the rotating unbalances.
  • a maximum amount of the resulting centrifugal force is preferably 25 kN to 700 kN, further preferably 50 kN to 600 kN and particularly preferably 100 kN to 500 kN.
  • the rotational movement of the unbalances is brought about by at least one turbomachine.
  • turbomachines offer particular advantages when generating high centrifugal forces.
  • At least one pneumatic turbine is used as the at least one turbomachine.
  • the pneumatic turbine is preferably operated at speeds from 500 rpm to 50,000 rpm, particularly preferably from 10,000 rpm to 40,000 rpm and particularly preferably from 10,000 rpm to 30,000 rpm.
  • a torque generated by the pneumatic turbine is preferably in the range from 1 Nm to 100 Nm, particularly preferably from 10 Nm to 40 Nm and particularly preferably from 15 Nm to 25 Nm.
  • a pressure difference from an amount of air used to operate the pneumatic turbine, from a turbine inlet to a turbine outlet, is preferably between 1 bar and 30 bar, further preferably between 2 bar and 20 bar and particularly preferably between 3 bar and 15 bar.
  • pneumatic turbines are to be operated at different speeds, for example turbines with adjustable turbine blades can be used.
  • Means can also be used to influence the air flow, such as valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements of the deep vibrator. Fundamentally, the person skilled in the art is aware of procedures for operating several turbines that are independent of one another.
  • a deep vibrator for displacing and solidifying a building material which has one or more rotationally movable unbalances. According to the invention it is provided that the unbalances are integrated in an associated pneumatic turbine.
  • the unbalances are arranged in one or more impellers of the pneumatic turbine. It is also possible to arrange the unbalances in one shaft each, in the event that all turbine stages are mounted on a separate shaft.
  • Both variants offer the advantage that a mass distribution of the unbalances can be designed specifically and precisely. Furthermore, a decentralized arrangement of the unbalances in the turbine enables a partial conversion in order to specifically change the mass properties of the turbine or the unbalances.
  • pneumatic turbines are to be operated at different speeds, they can have, for example, adjustable turbine blades.
  • Means for influencing the air flow in the deep vibrator can also be provided, such as valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements.
  • valves, flaps or suitably designed housing elements In principle, the person skilled in the art knows how to design turbines or the system that provides the operating fluid so that they can be operated at different speeds.
  • the masses of the rotationally movable unbalances are preferably between 0.1 kg and 3 kg, particularly preferably between 0.2 kg and 2 kg.
  • a center of gravity of the rotationally movable unbalance is, with respect to an axis of rotation, preferably at a maximum radial distance from the axis of rotation.
  • An available installation space acts as a limiting boundary condition.
  • the pneumatic turbines with the unbalances can preferably be operated at speeds of 1 rpm to 100,000 rpm, particularly preferably from 1 rpm to 50,000 rpm and particularly preferably from 1 rpm to 30,000 rpm.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for the production of displacement bored piles in a schematic representation.
  • a hollow drilling tool 47 is sunk into the ground 28 by applying a drilling torque 48 about an axis of rotation R and a vertical force 50 along an axis of rotation R.
  • the hollow drilling tool 47 is moved by actuators 56 in the form of two mutually independent pneumatic turbines 42 with integrated unbalances 76 while it is in the ground 28 is sunk, set into vibration 58. Initially, a plurality of vibrations 36 are generated by the two unbalances 76 which are rotated with the turbines 42.
  • the resulting vibration 58 can be set by superimposing the individual vibrations 36 of the independently rotating unbalances 76.
  • a resulting oscillation amplitude has a horizontal component 62, which makes up more than 95% of the total oscillation amplitude.
  • the rotational frequencies of the two rotationally moved unbalances 76 are 200 Hz and 300 Hz, the assignment being freely selectable in a design.
  • an oscillation 58 is generated which corresponds to a dynamic resulting centrifugal force F which has a maximum amount of 175 kN.
  • the vibration 58 corresponds to a dynamic radial or horizontal deflection W of the hollow drilling tool 47 with a maximum amount of 0.2 mm.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a hollow drilling tool 47 according to the invention.
  • the hollow drilling tool is particularly suitable for the in Figure 1 described method.
  • the hollow drilling tool 47 is provided with a drilling helix 66 over an outer surface and has a hollow core 54.
  • the hollow drilling tool 47 also has two independent pneumatic turbines 80, the impellers 82 of which are supported with turbine blades on a common longitudinal axis 78 which forms the hollow core 54.
  • An unbalance 76 is integrated into the impellers 82 of the turbines 80.
  • the turbines 80 are designed for a nominal speed of 25,000 rpm.
  • the unbalances 76 are designed and integrated into the impellers 82 of the turbines 80 in such a way that the hollow drilling tool 47 is designed to carry out an oscillation with a maximum amplitude of 0.4 mm during operation with respect to a horizontal or radial deflection of the hollow drilling tool 47, or an oscillation with a maximum amplitude with regard to a horizontal or radial force of 150 kN.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a deep vibrator 10 according to the invention with a pneumatic turbine 16 and induction coupling 18.
  • the deep vibrator 10 has a rotationally movable imbalance 12.
  • the unbalance is 12 driven by a turbomachine, which is designed as a two-stage pneumatically driven turbine 16.
  • Two impellers 84 of the turbine 16 are arranged on a common shaft 86 with an axis of rotation R.
  • One end of the shaft 86 is a drive shaft 20 for the induction clutch 18.
  • the induction clutch 18 is designed to transmit a nominal torque of 25 Nm, at a nominal speed of 20,000 rpm on the drive shaft 20 and 50 Hz on an output shaft 22.
  • a mechanical power which can be transmitted by the induction clutch 18 is in the range of 60 kW.
  • the induction coupling 18 has permanent magnets in the active side 88, which are designed to generate an induction magnetic field.
  • a mass of the rotationally movable imbalance 12 is 20 kg.
  • the pneumatic turbine 16 is designed for a nominal speed of 20,000 rpm and a nominal torque of 25 Nm.
  • a nominal power that can be provided by the pneumatic turbine 16 is 60 kW.
  • a pressure difference of an air volume flow 100 that can be used to operate the pneumatic turbine 16 is 7 bar at a nominal operating point.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention for displacing and solidifying a building material.
  • the chronological sequence of the method steps is evident from the description below.
  • a deep vibrator 24 is sunk into the ground 28 by applying a vertical force 26.
  • the deep vibrator 24 is set in vibration 30 during the sinking.
  • Several vibrations 36 are generated by two kinematically independent rotational imbalances 38.
  • the rotational movement of the unbalances 38 is brought about by two pneumatic turbines 42.
  • the resulting vibration 30 can be set by superimposing the individual vibrations 36 of the independent unbalances 38.
  • a resulting oscillation amplitude has a horizontal component 34, which makes up more than 95% of the total oscillation amplitude.
  • a resulting vibration 30 is generated, which corresponds to a dynamic resulting centrifugal force F of the rotating unbalance 38 with an amount of 150 kN. Furthermore, the resulting vibration 30 corresponds to a dynamic radial or horizontal deflection W of the deep vibrator 24. A maximum amount of the resulting radial or horizontal deflection W of the deep vibrator 24 is 8 mm.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a deep vibrator 44 according to the invention with two independent pneumatic turbines 42 with integrated unbalances 38.
  • the unbalances 38 are integrated in an associated pneumatic turbine 42 or are each integrated in an impeller 118 of the associated turbine 42.
  • the wheels 118 are mounted on a common axis of rotation R.
  • Masses of the rotationally movable unbalances 38 are 0.25 kg and 0.5 kg, the assignment of the masses to the unbalances 38 being freely selectable in a design.
  • a resulting center of gravity S of the rotationally movable unbalances 38 lies in relation to the axis of rotation R at a maximum possible radial distance d, which is limited by an available installation space.

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de pieux forés, dans lequel un outil de forage est foncé dans un terrain (28) moyennant l'application d'un couple de forage (48) et d'une force verticale (50), en est retiré à nouveau et un matériau d'apport (52) est introduit dans le trou ainsi creusé,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'outil de forage est intégralement soumis à une vibration (58) par un ou plusieurs actionneurs (56) pendant qu'il est foncé dans le terrain (28) et/ou qu'il en est retiré, dans lequel une amplitude de vibration résultante présente au moins une composante horizontale (62).
  2. Procédé de fabrication de pieux forés selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'un outil de forage creux (47) sert d'outil de forage, lequel présente au moins une âme creuse (54) et que le matériau d'apport (52) est rempli dans le trou à travers l'âme creuse (54) de l'outil de forage creux (47), avant le début et/ou durant et/ou après le retrait de l'outil de forage creux (47).
  3. Procédé de fabrication de pieux forés selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'une armature est introduite dans l'âme creuse (54) de l'outil de forage creux (47), avant que le matériau d'apport (52) ne soit versé dans l'âme creuse (54) de l'outil de forage creux (47).
  4. Outil de forage destiné à la fabrication de trous ou de pieux forés dans un terrain (28),
    dans lequel l'outil de forage présente un axe longitudinal (78) et au moins une turbomachine, dans lequel au moins un balourd (76) est intégré à au moins un rotor de ladite turbomachine au moins,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rotor est monté dans l'outil de forage de manière à pouvoir totalement pivoter autour d'un axe longitudinal (78) de l'outil de forage, de sorte qu'une vibration résultante (58) peut être générée, dont l'amplitude présente au moins une composante horizontale (62).
  5. Outil de forage selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'outil de forage est pourvu au moins par endroits d'une tarière (66) et/ou d'une pointe avec des pas de vis.
  6. Outil de forage selon la revendication 4 ou 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'outil de forage est un outil de forage creux (47), présentant au moins une âme creuse (54).
  7. Outil de forage selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite turbomachine au moins présente au moins une turbine pneumatique (80).
  8. Outil de forage selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins une roue mobile (82) à aubes de turbine est montée sur un axe creux, qui est réalisé sous la forme d'une âme creuse (54).
EP15825602.4A 2014-12-12 2015-12-11 Procédés et dispositifs d'amélioration de terrain Active EP3230531B1 (fr)

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DE102014225726.3A DE102014225726A1 (de) 2014-12-12 2014-12-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Baugrundverbesserung
PCT/EP2015/079428 WO2016092075A1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2015-12-11 Procédés et dispositifs d'amélioration de terrain

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EP3230531B1 true EP3230531B1 (fr) 2020-02-12

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EP (1) EP3230531B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014225726A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016092075A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3230531A1 (fr) 2017-10-18
DE102014225726A1 (de) 2016-06-16
WO2016092075A1 (fr) 2016-06-16
US20170370067A1 (en) 2017-12-28
US10774494B2 (en) 2020-09-15

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