EP3228389B1 - Method for forming a three-dimensional structure strand - Google Patents

Method for forming a three-dimensional structure strand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3228389B1
EP3228389B1 EP17164535.1A EP17164535A EP3228389B1 EP 3228389 B1 EP3228389 B1 EP 3228389B1 EP 17164535 A EP17164535 A EP 17164535A EP 3228389 B1 EP3228389 B1 EP 3228389B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strand
coating
bodies
structural
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17164535.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3228389A1 (en
Inventor
Niklas Andreas Wilm WEISEL
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B+M Textil GmbH and Co KG
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B+M Textil GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3228389A1 publication Critical patent/EP3228389A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/20—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B05D1/22—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping using fluidised-bed technique
    • B05D1/24—Applying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
    • B05D1/322—Removable films used as masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/30—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by gravity only, i.e. flow coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2254/00—Tubes
    • B05D2254/02—Applying the material on the exterior of the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2256/00—Wires or fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional strand, the strand being passed through a fluidized bed chamber or a powder cloud in which swirled powder particles of at least one coating material are applied to the strand and attach to it to form a coating.
  • the known method is suitable for those applications in which the surface of the strand or cable to be coated essentially consists of one and the same material and is homogeneous.
  • EP 0 814 916 B1 describes a method for producing flexible, pre-impregnated cables, coating with powder particles by using a fluidized bed.
  • the publication DE 26 19 491 A1 discloses a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, wherein a powdery polymer material is electrostatically deposited on a wire-shaped conductor, which has a layer formed from heat-resistant material, heat is supplied to the conductor for fusing the polymer material and forming an outer insulation layer, and the polymer-coated conductor is cooled becomes.
  • a method for producing a coated fiber strand is in the document DE 699 07 881 T2 described.
  • the fiber strand has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary coating, the tertiary coating being applied by means of a fluidized bed.
  • the publication DE 198 14 632 C1 involves a method of applying a protective layer to an elongated body.
  • the body is preferably coated by means of vortex sintering, the coating being applied only to selected sections of the body.
  • the sections of the body that are not to be coated are covered with a U-shaped cap or an expandable clamp during the coating process.
  • the fluidized bed device consists of a fluidized bed, a funnel-shaped tube widening (elutriator) arranged above the fluidized bed, compressed air lines, a metering device for supplying an impregnating powder and transport means in the form of deflection rollers for transporting the threads to be impregnated through the fluidized bed device.
  • the threads that are treated with the process are threads, ribbons, filaments or yarns.
  • the publication US 4,839,199 A describes a method and an apparatus for coating fiber bundles, the fiber bundle to be coated being fed into a coating system.
  • the coating material is fed through one or more liquid or gas lines to coating heads which are aligned from the fiber bundle.
  • the coating material can be, for example, a powder fed directly to a gas stream or a powder bound in a gas.
  • the publication GB 702 829 A discloses a method and apparatus for coating a thread, which may be formed from metal or another material.
  • the coating is applied to the thread by passing the thread through a bath having the coating.
  • the thickness of the coating adhering to the thread can be varied, thereby producing a thread whose coating is thicker in certain areas.
  • a method of the type mentioned in the introduction in which the strand is passed through a fluidized bed chamber or a powder cloud, in which swirled powder particles of at least one coating material are applied to the strand and adhere to it with the formation of a coating, as a strand one from the other spaced on or in a basic strand, a structural strand comprising structural bodies is used, which is a cord or a hose with structural bodies threaded thereon and / or inserted therein, the basic strand and the structural bodies consisting of different material or of the same material with different surface properties, the powder particles in the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud react chemically and / or physically with the base strand and / or the structural bodies and / or with a primer applied to the base strand and / or the structural bodies and / o which are thermally bound in or on the surface of the structural body and / or the primer.
  • a different material can also mean a different material mixture ratio.
  • a three-dimensional structural strand can be produced, in which, depending on the strand, structural body and coating material used and on the process used, either only the structural bodies, that is only the three-dimensional components of the structural strand, only the basic strand, that is to say only the two-dimensional component of the structural strand, or both are coated.
  • the method can be used to apply a wide variety of coatings, which can lead to a refinement and / or functionalization of the components of the structural strand, on the structural strand.
  • the structural bodies are threaded onto and / or introduced into the structural strand formed as a cord or tube.
  • a textile thread, a textile thread or fiber composite, a textile strip, a hose, a mesh hose, a wire, a rubber, a cord, a braid-like structure or the like can be used as the basic strand.
  • the structural bodies can be designed, inter alia, as lead balls, plastic beads or frozen ice bodies.
  • the structural strand coated with the coating material from the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud is preferably passed continuously into a post-treatment chamber in which the coating applied to the structural strand is stabilized and / or fixed and / or solidified.
  • the structural strand in the aftertreatment device and / or at least one of the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud in the structural strand conveying direction upstream of the pretreatment chamber is guided over deflection rollers.
  • the relative distance between the opposite deflection rollers can be changed depending on the required dwell times in the process steps of the method and / or the length and / or geometry and / or material composition and / or tension of the structural strand during the pretreatment and / or aftertreatment of the structural strand become.
  • the structural bodies are removed from the structural strand after the coating has been applied, for example by means of dissolving or thawing.
  • a two-dimensional strand structure can be produced from the three-dimensional structural strand by removing or detaching the three-dimensional structural bodies, in which an untreated basic strand is present at the locations at which the structural bodies were previously, while the intermediate areas are coated with the coating .
  • the structural bodies are pretreated physically and / or chemically and / or mechanically in a pretreatment chamber upstream of the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud in a structural strand conveying direction and / or applied to the base strand.
  • the structural bodies can be applied to the base strand, for example by means of drop application.
  • Figure 1 shows in cross section an embodiment of a three-dimensional structural strand 1 to be coated in the method according to the invention.
  • the structural strand 1 has a basic strand 2, on or in which structural bodies 3 are provided at intervals from one another.
  • the structural strand 1 can be, for example, a cord or a hose with structural bodies 3, such as lead balls, plastic beads or also frozen ice bodies, threaded thereon, fastened and / or inserted therein or thereon, or a string of pearls.
  • the structural bodies 3 can consist of different material from the material of the base bar 2 or of the same material as the base bar 2, but with different surface properties than the base bar 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the structural bodies 3 consist of a different material than the basic strand 2.
  • the basic strand 2 can be, for example, a textile thread, textile thread or fiber composite, textile strip, hose, net hose, wire, rubber, a cord, a braid-like structure or the like.
  • the structural body 3 can consist of the same or different materials.
  • the structural body 3 can also have the same or different properties, such as the same or different heat capacity, electrical conductivity, gloss, weight, magnetizability, shape, porosity, melting temperature, piezoactivity, radioactivity, taste, solubility, ionizability, strength, etc.
  • a coating 4 can be applied not only to the structural bodies 3, but also to the base strand 2 located between the structural bodies 3.
  • the coating 4 can be provided on the structural strand 1 for various purposes or for various reasons.
  • the coating 4 can serve for surface functionalization, surface refinement, sealing, activation, passivation, coloring, ionization, doping, magnetization, metallization, plasticization etc. of the structural strand 1.
  • the coating 4 takes place completely on the entire structural strand 1.
  • the coating 4 encases the structural strand 1, it being possible that the coating 4 penetrates into the structural strand 1 and / or between the basic strand 2 and the structural body 3.
  • the initially untreated structural strand 1 or only the basic rod 2 first passes through a pretreatment chamber 5.
  • the provision of the pretreatment chamber 5 is optional.
  • the structural bodies 3 can be applied to the base rod 2, for example by means of drop application.
  • a method is used in the pretreatment chamber 5 which prepares the base strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3 for the subsequent coating step.
  • one or more devices for preparing the functionalization and / or refinement which takes place in the fluidized bed chamber 10 described below or in a powder cloud, can be integrated in the pretreatment chamber 5.
  • the structural strand 1 can be thermally pretreated in the pretreatment chamber 5.
  • at least one heating source 6 and / or at least one electromagnetic radiation source can be provided in the pretreatment chamber 5.
  • at least one gas inlet, at least one gas outlet and / or at least one cooling device or another pretreatment device 5 can be provided in or on the pretreatment chamber 5, with which the structural strand 1 prepares for the subsequent coating step in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or for this can be prepared.
  • heat distribution devices 7 such as fans, are provided in order to be able to achieve a homogeneous heat distribution in the pretreatment chamber 5.
  • a structural strand 1 which consists of a basic strand 2 made of cotton with structural bodies 3 in the form of lead balls, is to be completely coated
  • the basic strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 have different heat capacities, which means that the basic strand 2 and the Structural bodies 3 heat up at different speeds during a thermal pretreatment in the pretreatment chamber 5 and store the heat for different lengths of time. This effect is also dependent on the respective dimensions of the base strand 2 and the structural body 3.
  • an adhesive can be applied and / or nebulized in the pretreatment chamber 5, with which both Base strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 react in the same way and which forms a primer on the base strand 2 and the structural bodies 3, with which a subsequent coating can govern well or in which a subsequent coating can be thermally incorporated.
  • the structural strand 1 in the pretreatment chamber 5 is guided around a plurality of deflection rollers 8, 8 ′, so that the entire chamber size of the pretreatment chamber 5 can be used in a suitable manner for the pretreatment of the largest possible amount of the structural strand 1.
  • the deflection rollers 8, 8 ' can also be omitted.
  • the relative distance between the mutually opposite deflection rollers 8, 8 ' is adjustable by means of a distance adjustment device 9.
  • the height H of the upper deflection rollers 8 can be changed for this purpose.
  • the upper guide rollers 8 are located on a common, height-adjustable bar. The same is also possible with the lower deflection rollers 8 '.
  • the pretreated structural strand 1 leaving the pretreatment chamber 5 is then continuously guided further into the fluidized bed chamber 10 or a powder cloud.
  • pulverized particles are fluidized or swirled by means of a gas stream.
  • the powder cloud can be generated by various measures, for example by the action of sound pressure or vibration on powder particles and / or by spraying, pouring, trickling and / or mixing powder particles.
  • the powder particles are in the embodiment of Figure 2 via a powder feed device 12, which can be, for example, a powder storage silo that enables continuous powder tracking, an interior of the Fluidized bed chamber 10 supplied.
  • a constant fluidized bed density can be ensured by the powder feed device 12.
  • the powder particles can, for example, but not exclusively, be formed from a polymer powder, such as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or PES (polyether sulfone).
  • a polymer powder such as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or PES (polyether sulfone).
  • the powder particles can consist of different materials and / or can be formed from materials with different densities and / or can have different particle sizes.
  • a mixed functionalization of the components of the structural strand 1 can be carried out in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud.
  • the surface of the structural strand 1 can, for example, be electrically conductive and / or hydrophobic and / or white and / or magnetic and / or corrosion-resistant and / or piezoactive.
  • porous base plate 13 in a lower region of the fluidized bed chamber 10, which serves to introduce air into the fluidized bed chamber 10.
  • Gas such as air, is introduced through the gas-permeable base plate 13 to whirl up the powder particles from below through a gas inlet 14 into the fluidized bed chamber 10.
  • a filter 15 is also placed on the fluidized bed chamber 10.
  • the filter 15 prevents the powder particles from being discharged.
  • an aftertreatment device 16 in Form of an aftertreatment chamber is provided, into which the coated structural strand 1 coming out of the fluidized bed chamber 10 is continuously guided.
  • the coating 4 applied to the structural strand 1 in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud is stabilized and / or solidified.
  • the coating 4 is solidified in the in Figure 2 Embodiment shown by means of at least one heat source 6, for the heat distribution at least one heat distribution device 7, such as at least one fan, is provided.
  • At least one heating source 6 instead of or in addition to the at least one heating source 6, at least one other radiation source, at least one infrared treatment device, at least one paint coating device and / or at least one ionization device can be provided in the aftertreatment chamber 16.
  • aftertreatment chamber 16 at least one gas inlet, at least one gas outlet and / or at least one cooling device.
  • the structural strand 1 in the aftertreatment chamber 16 is likewise guided around a plurality of deflection rollers 8, 8 ′, so that the entire chamber size of the aftertreatment chamber 16 can be used for the aftertreatment of as large a quantity of the coated structural strand 1 as possible with high throughput quantities or short dwell times.
  • the deflection rollers 8, 8 'in the aftertreatment chamber 16 can also be omitted.
  • the relative spacing of the opposite deflection rollers 8, 8 ′ can also be adjusted in the aftertreatment chamber 16 by means of a spacing adjustment device 9.
  • the height H of the upper deflection rollers 8 can be changed for this purpose.
  • the upper guide rollers 8 are located on a common, height-adjustable bar. The same is also possible with the lower deflection rollers 8 '.
  • FIG Figure 2 are both the basic strand 2 and the structural body 3 with the coating 4 to form the in FIG Figure 6 schematically shown coated structural strand 1c coated.
  • the structural body 3 can be coated with the formation of the coated structural strand 1 a or only the base strand 2 with the coating 4 with the formation of the coated structural strand 1 b.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically another possible device for realizing a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the structural strand feed unit 17 contains at least one structural strand storage device and at least one drive, unwinding and conveying unit for the structural strand 1.
  • the structural strand feed unit 17 has a roller 18 from which the unprocessed structural strand 1 is unwound and fed to the pretreatment chamber 5.
  • a post-treatment device 19 which can have, for example, at least one heating source or at least one other radiation source, such as at least one IR or at least one UV radiation source.
  • the coating 4 applied to the structural strand 1 is solidified in the aftertreatment device 19.
  • the aftertreatment device 19 is in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 3 an air cooling or a gas exhaust 20 downstream with a heat distribution device 7 in the form of a fan. In this way, heat recovery can be realized.
  • the coated structural strand 1a, 1b or 1c is subsequently shown in the in Figure 3
  • the embodiment shown is wound in at least one roll 22 in a winding unit 21.
  • the winding unit 21 is connected to a drive unit 23, such as a motor.
  • the winding unit 21 can be designed as a cabinet for absorbing waste heat.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a first variant of a structural strand 1a coated with the method according to the invention.
  • the coating 4 is only on the structural bodies 3.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a second variant of a structural strand 1b coated with another embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the coating 4 is only on the base strand 2.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a third variant of a structural strand 1c coated with a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which both the basic strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 are provided with the coating 4.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows an embodiment of a structural strand 1d coated with the method according to the invention, from which the structural bodies 3 have been removed or detached after the coating 4 has been applied.
  • the structural bodies 3 can be removed or detached, for example, by means of dissolving with solvent or, if the structural bodies 3 are, for example, ice cubes or balls, by thawing away the structural bodies 3.
  • the result is, as in Figure 7 to see a structural strand 1d on the basis of the base strand 2 with a surface sequenced by the spaced apart coating 4.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines dreidimensionalen Stranges, wobei der Strang durch eine Wirbelbettkammer oder eine Pulverwolke geführt wird, in der verwirbelte Pulverpartikel wenigstens eines Beschichtungsmaterials auf den Strang aufgebracht werden und sich daran unter Ausbildung einer Beschichtung anlagern.The present invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional strand, the strand being passed through a fluidized bed chamber or a powder cloud in which swirled powder particles of at least one coating material are applied to the strand and attach to it to form a coating.

Aus der Druckschrift DE 29 48 650 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines feuchtigkeitsgeschützten kunststoffisolierten elektrischen Energiekabels bekannt, bei dem das Kabel mit einer klebrigen Flüssigkeit benetzt und anschließend das so vorbehandelte Kabel in einem Wirbelbett mit einem bei Feuchtigkeitszutritt quellenden Pulver bestäubt wird.From the publication DE 29 48 650 A1 A method for producing a moisture-protected, plastic-insulated electrical power cable is known, in which the cable is wetted with a sticky liquid and the cable, which has been pretreated in this way, is then dusted in a fluidized bed with a powder which swells when exposed to moisture.

Das bekannte Verfahren eignet sich für solche Anwendungen, in welchen die Oberfläche des zu beschichtenden Stranges oder Kabels im Wesentlichen aus ein und demselben Material besteht und homogen ist.The known method is suitable for those applications in which the surface of the strand or cable to be coated essentially consists of one and the same material and is homogeneous.

In der Druckschrift EP 0 814 916 B1 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen flexibler, vorimprägnierter Kabel angegeben, wobei eine Beschichtung mit Pulverpartikeln durch Verwendung eines Wirbelbettes erfolgt.In the publication EP 0 814 916 B1 describes a method for producing flexible, pre-impregnated cables, coating with powder particles by using a fluidized bed.

Die Druckschrift DE 26 19 491 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Leiters, wobei auf einem drahtförmigen Leiter, welcher eine aus wärmeresistentem Material ausgebildete Schicht aufweist, ein pulverförmiges Polymermaterial elektrostatisch abgeschieden wird, dem Leiter zur Verschmelzung des Polymermaterials und Ausbildung einer äußeren Isolationsschicht Wärme zugeführt und der polymerbeschichtete Leiter abgekühlt wird.The publication DE 26 19 491 A1 discloses a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, wherein a powdery polymer material is electrostatically deposited on a wire-shaped conductor, which has a layer formed from heat-resistant material, heat is supplied to the conductor for fusing the polymer material and forming an outer insulation layer, and the polymer-coated conductor is cooled becomes.

Ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines beschichteten Faserstrangs ist in der Druckschrift DE 699 07 881 T2 beschrieben. Der Faserstrang weist eine primäre, eine sekundäre und eine tertiäre Beschichtung auf, wobei die tertiäre Beschichtung mittels eines Wirbelbettes aufgebracht wird.A method for producing a coated fiber strand is in the document DE 699 07 881 T2 described. The fiber strand has a primary, a secondary and a tertiary coating, the tertiary coating being applied by means of a fluidized bed.

Die Druckschrift DE 198 14 632 C1 beinhaltet ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schutzschicht auf einem langgestreckten Körper. Die Beschichtung des Körpers erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels Wirbelsintern, wobei die Beschichtung lediglich auf ausgewählte Abschnitte des Körpers aufgebracht wird. Die nicht zu beschichtenden Abschnitte des Körpers werden hierzu während des Beschichtungsprozesses mit einer U-förmig ausgebildeten Kappe oder einer spreizbaren Klammer abgedeckt.The publication DE 198 14 632 C1 involves a method of applying a protective layer to an elongated body. The body is preferably coated by means of vortex sintering, the coating being applied only to selected sections of the body. For this purpose, the sections of the body that are not to be coated are covered with a U-shaped cap or an expandable clamp during the coating process.

In der Druckschrift US 5,328,736 A ist eine Wirbelbettvorrichtung zum Imprägnieren von Fäden beschrieben. Die Wirbelbettvorrichtung besteht aus einem Wirbelbett, einer oberhalb des Wirbelbetts angeordneten trichterförmigen Rohraufweitung (Elutriator), Druckluftleitungen, einer Dosiervorrichtung zum Zuführen eines Imprägnierpulvers sowie Transportmitteln in Form von Umlenkrollen zum Transport der zu imprägnierenden Fäden durch die Wirbelbettvorrichtung. Die Fäden, die mit dem Verfahren behandelt werden, sind Zwirne, Bänder, Filamente oder Garne.In the publication US 5,328,736 A describes a fluidized bed device for impregnating threads. The fluidized bed device consists of a fluidized bed, a funnel-shaped tube widening (elutriator) arranged above the fluidized bed, compressed air lines, a metering device for supplying an impregnating powder and transport means in the form of deflection rollers for transporting the threads to be impregnated through the fluidized bed device. The threads that are treated with the process are threads, ribbons, filaments or yarns.

Die Druckschrift US 4,839,199 A beschreibt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Faserbündeln, wobei das zu beschichtende Faserbündel in eine Beschichtungsanlage geführt wird. Das Beschichtungsmaterial wird durch eine oder mehrere Flüssigkeits- oder Gasleitungen Beschichtungsköpfen zugeführt, welche aus das Faserbündel ausgerichtet sind. Das Beschichtungsmaterial kann beispielsweise ein direkt einem Gasstrom zugeführtes Pulver oder ein in ein Gas gebundenes Pulver sein.The publication US 4,839,199 A describes a method and an apparatus for coating fiber bundles, the fiber bundle to be coated being fed into a coating system. The coating material is fed through one or more liquid or gas lines to coating heads which are aligned from the fiber bundle. The coating material can be, for example, a powder fed directly to a gas stream or a powder bound in a gas.

Die Druckschrift GB 702 829 A offenbart ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten eines Fadens, welcher aus Metall oder einem anderen Material ausgebildet sein kann. Die Beschichtung wird durch Durchführen des Fadens durch ein die Beschichtung aufweisendes Bad auf den Faden aufgebracht. Durch Ändern der Durchführgeschwindigkeit des Fadens durch das Bad kann die Dicke der an dem Faden anhaftenden Beschichtung variiert werden, wodurch ein Faden erzeugt wird, dessen Beschichtung in bestimmten Bereichen dicker ist.The publication GB 702 829 A discloses a method and apparatus for coating a thread, which may be formed from metal or another material. The coating is applied to the thread by passing the thread through a bath having the coating. By changing the speed at which the thread passes through the bath, the thickness of the coating adhering to the thread can be varied, thereby producing a thread whose coating is thicker in certain areas.

In der Druckschrift US 3,919,437 A sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung eines Faserstranges beschrieben. Der Faserstrang wird zur Beschichtung durch einen Container geführt, welcher ein Imprägnierpulver aufweist. Zur Imprägnierung wird der Faserstrang vor dem Einbringen in den Container vereinzelt und nach dem Aufbringen des Imprägniermittels wieder zusammengeführt. Mittels des Verfahrens bzw. der Vorrichtung können beispielsweise Glasfaserstränge beschichtet werden, wobei hierzu verschiedene Beschichtungsmaterialien zum Einsatz kommen können.In the publication US 3,919,437 A describes a method and an apparatus for coating a fiber strand. The fiber strand is passed through a container for coating, which has an impregnating powder. For impregnation, the The fiber strand is separated before being introduced into the container and brought together again after the impregnating agent has been applied. By means of the method or the device, for example, glass fiber strands can be coated, various coating materials being able to be used for this.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung vorzuschlagen, das auch bei aus verschiedenen Komponenten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien mit unterschiedlicher Struktur bestehenden, dreidimensionalen Struktursträngen eine vollumfängliche, hochqualitative und langzeitstabile Beschichtung gezielt einzelner dieser Komponenten oder aller dieser Komponenten ermöglicht.It is the object of the present invention to propose a method of the type mentioned at the outset which, even in the case of three-dimensional structural strands consisting of different components made of different materials with a different structure, enables a comprehensive, high-quality and long-term stable coating of individual components or all of these components.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung gelöst, bei dem der Strang durch eine Wirbelbettkammer oder eine Pulverwolke geführt wird, in der verwirbelte Pulverpartikel wenigstens eines Beschichtungsmaterials auf den Strang aufgebracht werden und sich daran unter Ausbildung einer Beschichtung anlagern, als Strang ein voneinander beabstandet auf oder in einem Grundstrang aufgereihte Strukturkörper aufweisender Strukturstrang verwendet wird, der eine Kordel oder ein Schlauch mit darauf aufgefädelten und/oder darin eingebrachten Strukturkörpern ist, wobei der Grundstrang und die Strukturkörper aus unterschiedlichem Material oder aus gleichem Material mit unterschiedlichen Oberflächeneigenschaften bestehen, die Pulverpartikel in der Wirbelbettkammer oder der Pulverwolke mit dem Grundstrang und/oder den Strukturkörpern und/oder mit einer auf den Grundstrang und/oder die Strukturkörper aufgebrachten Grundierung chemisch und/oder physikalisch reagieren und/oder thermisch in oder an die Oberfläche der Strukturkörper und/oder die Grundierung gebunden werden.This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the strand is passed through a fluidized bed chamber or a powder cloud, in which swirled powder particles of at least one coating material are applied to the strand and adhere to it with the formation of a coating, as a strand one from the other spaced on or in a basic strand, a structural strand comprising structural bodies is used, which is a cord or a hose with structural bodies threaded thereon and / or inserted therein, the basic strand and the structural bodies consisting of different material or of the same material with different surface properties, the powder particles in the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud react chemically and / or physically with the base strand and / or the structural bodies and / or with a primer applied to the base strand and / or the structural bodies and / o which are thermally bound in or on the surface of the structural body and / or the primer.

Mit einem unterschiedlichen Material kann erfindungsgemäß auch ein unterschiedliches Materialmischungsverhältnis gemeint sein.According to the invention, a different material can also mean a different material mixture ratio.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann ein dreidimensionaler Strukturstrang hergestellt werden, bei dem, je nach verwendetem Strang-, Strukturkörper- und Beschichtungsmaterial sowie je nach verwendeter Verfahrensführung, entweder nur die Strukturkörper, also nur die dreidimensionalen Komponenten des Strukturstranges, nur der Grundstrang, also nur die zweidimensionale Komponente des Strukturstranges, oder beide beschichtet ist/sind. Es lassen sich mit dem Verfahren unterschiedlichste Beschichtungen, die zu einer Veredelung und/oder einer Funktionalisierung der Komponenten des Strukturstranges führen können, auf den Strukturstrang aufbringen.With the method according to the invention, a three-dimensional structural strand can be produced, in which, depending on the strand, structural body and coating material used and on the process used, either only the structural bodies, that is only the three-dimensional components of the structural strand, only the basic strand, that is to say only the two-dimensional component of the structural strand, or both are coated. The method can be used to apply a wide variety of coatings, which can lead to a refinement and / or functionalization of the components of the structural strand, on the structural strand.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die Strukturkörper auf den als Kordel oder Schlauch ausgebildeten Strukturstrang aufgefädelt und/oder in diesem eingebracht werden. Als Grundstrang kann hierbei beispielsweise ein textiler Faden, ein textiler Faden- oder Faserverbund, ein textiler Streifen, ein Schlauch, ein Netzschlauch, ein Draht, ein Gummi, eine Kordel, eine zopfähnliche Struktur oder ähnliches verwendet werden. Die Strukturkörper können unter anderem als Bleikugeln, Kunststoffperlen oder auch gefrorene Eiskörper ausgebildet sein.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the structural bodies are threaded onto and / or introduced into the structural strand formed as a cord or tube. For example, a textile thread, a textile thread or fiber composite, a textile strip, a hose, a mesh hose, a wire, a rubber, a cord, a braid-like structure or the like can be used as the basic strand. The structural bodies can be designed, inter alia, as lead balls, plastic beads or frozen ice bodies.

Vorzugsweise wird der mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial beschichtete Strukturstrang aus der Wirbelbettkammer oder der Pulverwolke kontinuierlich weiter in eine Nachbehandlungskammer geführt, in der die auf den Strukturstrang aufgebrachte Beschichtung stabilisiert und/oder fixiert und/oder verfestigt wird.The structural strand coated with the coating material from the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud is preferably passed continuously into a post-treatment chamber in which the coating applied to the structural strand is stabilized and / or fixed and / or solidified.

In einer Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Strukturstrang in der Nachbehandlungseinrichtung und/oder wenigstens einer der Wirbelbettkammer oder der Pulverwolke in der Strukturstrangförderrichtung vorgeordneten Vorbehandlungskammer über Umlenkrollen geführt.In a variant of the method according to the invention, the structural strand in the aftertreatment device and / or at least one of the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud in the structural strand conveying direction upstream of the pretreatment chamber is guided over deflection rollers.

Dabei kann der Relativabstand der einander gegenüber liegenden Umlenkrollen in Abhängigkeit von den benötigten Verweilzeiten in den Prozessschritten des Verfahrens und/oder der Länge und/oder Geometrie und/oder Materialzusammensetzung und/oder Spannung des Strukturstranges bei der Vor- und/oder Nachbehandlung des Strukturstranges verändert werden.The relative distance between the opposite deflection rollers can be changed depending on the required dwell times in the process steps of the method and / or the length and / or geometry and / or material composition and / or tension of the structural strand during the pretreatment and / or aftertreatment of the structural strand become.

In einer optionalen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Strukturkörper von dem Strukturstrang nach Aufbringen der Beschichtung, beispielsweise mittels Auflösens oder Wegtauens, entfernt. Auf diese Weise kann aus dem dreidimensionalen Strukturstrang durch Entfernen bzw. Herauslösen der dreidimensionalen Strukturkörper eine zweidimensionale Strangstruktur hergestellt werden, bei der an den Stellen, an welchen sich vorher die Strukturkörper befanden, ein unbehandelter Grundstrang vorliegt, während die zwischenliegenden Bereiche mit der Beschichtung beschichtet sind.In an optional embodiment of the method according to the invention, the structural bodies are removed from the structural strand after the coating has been applied, for example by means of dissolving or thawing. In this way, a two-dimensional strand structure can be produced from the three-dimensional structural strand by removing or detaching the three-dimensional structural bodies, in which an untreated basic strand is present at the locations at which the structural bodies were previously, while the intermediate areas are coated with the coating .

In einer speziellen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Strukturkörper in einer der Wirbelbettkammer oder der Pulverwolke in einer Strukturstrangförderrichtung vorgeordneten Vorbehandlungskammer physikalisch und/oder chemisch und/oder mechanisch vorbehandelt und/oder auf den Grundstrang aufgebracht.In a special embodiment of the method according to the invention, the structural bodies are pretreated physically and / or chemically and / or mechanically in a pretreatment chamber upstream of the fluidized bed chamber or the powder cloud in a structural strand conveying direction and / or applied to the base strand.

Dabei können die Strukturkörper auf den Grundstrang beispielsweise mittels Tropfenauftragung aufgebracht werden.The structural bodies can be applied to the base strand, for example by means of drop application.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung, deren Aufbau, Funktion und Vorteile werden im Folgenden anhand von Figuren näher erläutert, wobei,

Figur 1
schematisch ein in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu beschichtender Strukturstrang in einer Querschnittsansicht zeigt;
Figur 2
schematisch eine mögliche Vorrichtung zur Realisierung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigt;
Figur 3
schematisch eine weitere mögliche Vorrichtung zur Realisierung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeigt;
Figur 4
schematisch eine erste Variante eines mit einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichteten Strukturstranges zeigt;
Figur 5
schematisch eine zweite Variante eines mit einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichteten Strukturstranges zeigt;
Figur 6
schematisch eine dritte Variante eines mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichteten Strukturstranges zeigt, und
Figur 7
schematisch eine Ausführungsform eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschichteten Strukturstranges zeigt, von dem im Folgenden die Strukturkörper entfernt wurden.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention, their structure, function and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to figures,
Figure 1
schematically shows a structural strand to be coated in the method according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
Figure 2
schematically shows a possible device for realizing an embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Figure 3
schematically shows a further possible device for implementing a further embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Figure 4
schematically shows a first variant of a structural strand coated with an embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Figure 5
schematically shows a second variant of a structural strand coated with another embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Figure 6
schematically shows a third variant of a structural strand coated with a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, and
Figure 7
schematically shows an embodiment of a structural strand coated with the method according to the invention, from which the structural bodies have been removed in the following.

Figur 1 zeigt im Querschnitt eine Ausführungsform eines in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zu beschichtenden dreidimensionalen Strukturstranges 1. Der Strukturstrang 1 weist einen Grundstrang 2 auf, auf oder in dem in Abständen voneinander Strukturkörper 3 vorgesehen sind. Das Strukturstrang 1 kann beispielsweise eine Kordel oder ein Schlauch mit darauf aufgefädelten, daran befestigten und/oder darin eingebrachten oder darauf aufgebrachten Strukturkörpern 3, wie Bleikugeln, Kunststoffperlen oder auch gefrorenen Eiskörpern, oder eine Perlenkette sein. Figure 1 shows in cross section an embodiment of a three-dimensional structural strand 1 to be coated in the method according to the invention. The structural strand 1 has a basic strand 2, on or in which structural bodies 3 are provided at intervals from one another. The structural strand 1 can be, for example, a cord or a hose with structural bodies 3, such as lead balls, plastic beads or also frozen ice bodies, threaded thereon, fastened and / or inserted therein or thereon, or a string of pearls.

Die Strukturkörper 3 können aus im Vergleich zum Material des Grundstanges 2 unterschiedlichem Material oder aus gleichem Material wie der Grundstrang 2, aber mit anderen Oberflächeneigenschaften als der Grundstang 2 bestehen. Die Strukturkörper 3 bestehen in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem anderen Material als der Grundstrang 2.The structural bodies 3 can consist of different material from the material of the base bar 2 or of the same material as the base bar 2, but with different surface properties than the base bar 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the structural bodies 3 consist of a different material than the basic strand 2.

Der Grundstrang 2 kann beispielsweise ein textiler Faden, textiler Faden- oder Faserverbund, textiler Streifen, Schlauch, Netzschlauch, Draht, Gummi, eine Kordel, eine zopfähnliche Struktur oder ähnliches sein.The basic strand 2 can be, for example, a textile thread, textile thread or fiber composite, textile strip, hose, net hose, wire, rubber, a cord, a braid-like structure or the like.

Die Strukturkörper 3 können aus gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen. Die Strukturkörper 3 können ferner gleiche oder unterschiedliche Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel gleiche oder unterschiedliche Wärmekapazität, elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Glanz, Gewicht, Magnetisierbarkeit, Form, Porosität, Schmelztemperatur, Piezoaktivität, Radioaktivität, Geschmack, Löslichkeit, lonisierbarkeit, Festigkeit usw. aufweisen.The structural body 3 can consist of the same or different materials. The structural body 3 can also have the same or different properties, such as the same or different heat capacity, electrical conductivity, gloss, weight, magnetizability, shape, porosity, melting temperature, piezoactivity, radioactivity, taste, solubility, ionizability, strength, etc.

In dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann nicht nur auf die Strukturkörper 3, sondern auch auf den zwischen den Strukturkörpern 3 befindlichen Grundstrang 2 eine Beschichtung 4 aufgebracht werden. Die Beschichtung 4 kann zu verschiedenen Zwecken bzw. Aus verschiedenen Gründen auf dem Strukturstrang 1 vorgesehen sein. Beispielsweise, aber nicht darauf beschränkt, kann die Beschichtung 4 einer Oberflächenfunktionalisierung, Oberflächenveredelung, Versiegelung, Aktivierung, Passivierung, Färbung, Ionisierung, Dotierung, Magnetisierung, Metallisierung, Plastifizierung usw. des Strukturstranges 1 dienen. Die Beschichtung 4 erfolgt vollständig auf dem gesamten Strukturstrang 1. Die Beschichtung 4 ummantelt den Strukturstrang 1, wobei es sein kann, dass die Beschichtung 4 in den Strukturstrang 1 und/oder zwischen den Grundstrang 2 und die Strukturkörper 3 eindringt.In the method according to the invention, a coating 4 can be applied not only to the structural bodies 3, but also to the base strand 2 located between the structural bodies 3. The coating 4 can be provided on the structural strand 1 for various purposes or for various reasons. For example, but not limited to, the coating 4 can serve for surface functionalization, surface refinement, sealing, activation, passivation, coloring, ionization, doping, magnetization, metallization, plasticization etc. of the structural strand 1. The coating 4 takes place completely on the entire structural strand 1. The coating 4 encases the structural strand 1, it being possible that the coating 4 penetrates into the structural strand 1 and / or between the basic strand 2 and the structural body 3.

In der Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt ist, durchläuft der zunächst unbehandelte Strukturstrang 1 oder nur der Grundstang 2 zunächst eine Vorbehandlungskammer 5. Das Vorsehen der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 ist optional. In der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 können beispielsweise die Strukturkörper 3 auf den Grundstang 2, beispielsweise mittels Tropfenauftragung, aufgebracht werden.In the embodiment of the method according to the invention, which in Figure 2 is shown schematically, the initially untreated structural strand 1 or only the basic rod 2 first passes through a pretreatment chamber 5. The provision of the pretreatment chamber 5 is optional. In the pretreatment chamber 5, for example, the structural bodies 3 can be applied to the base rod 2, for example by means of drop application.

In der Vorbehandlungsammer 5 wird je nachdem, ob nur der Grundstrang 2 oder die Strukturkörper 3 oder beide funktionalisiert und/oder veredelt werden sollen, ein Verfahren angewendet, das den Grundstrang 2 und/oder die Strukturkörper 3 für den nachfolgende Beschichtungsschritt vorbereitet. In der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 können hierfür ein oder mehreren Einrichtungen zur Vorbereitung der Funktionalisierung und/oder Veredelung, die in der nachfolgend beschriebenen Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder in einer Pulverwolke erfolgt, integriert sein.Depending on whether only the base strand 2 or the structural bodies 3 or both are to be functionalized and / or refined, a method is used in the pretreatment chamber 5 which prepares the base strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3 for the subsequent coating step. For this purpose, one or more devices for preparing the functionalization and / or refinement, which takes place in the fluidized bed chamber 10 described below or in a powder cloud, can be integrated in the pretreatment chamber 5.

Beispielsweise kann in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 eine thermische Vorbehandlung des Strukturstranges 1 erfolgen. Dafür kann/können in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 beispielsweise wenigstens eine Heizquelle 6 und/oder wenigstens eine elektromagnetische Strahlenquelle vorgesehen sein. Darüber hinaus kann/können in bzw. an der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 wenigstens ein Gaseinlass, wenigstens ein Gasauslass und/oder wenigstens eine Kühleinrichtung oder eine andere Vorbehandlungseinrichtung 5 vorgesehen sein, mit der das Strukturstrang 1 auf den nachfolgenden Beschichtungsschritt in der Wirbelbettkammer 10 vorbereitet bzw. für diesen präpariert werden kann.For example, the structural strand 1 can be thermally pretreated in the pretreatment chamber 5. For this purpose, at least one heating source 6 and / or at least one electromagnetic radiation source can be provided in the pretreatment chamber 5. Furthermore, at least one gas inlet, at least one gas outlet and / or at least one cooling device or another pretreatment device 5 can be provided in or on the pretreatment chamber 5, with which the structural strand 1 prepares for the subsequent coating step in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or for this can be prepared.

Neben den Heizquellen 6 sind in der Ausführungsform von Figur 1 zusätzlich Wärmeverteilungseinrichtungen 7, wie beispielsweise Ventilatoren, vorgesehen, um eine homogenen Wärmeverteilung in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 realisieren zu können.In addition to the heat sources 6 are in the embodiment of Figure 1 In addition, heat distribution devices 7, such as fans, are provided in order to be able to achieve a homogeneous heat distribution in the pretreatment chamber 5.

Wenn beispielsweise ein Strukturstrang 1, der aus einem Grundstrang 2 aus Baumwolle mit darauf aufgebrachten Strukturkörpern 3 in Form von Bleikugeln besteht, vollständig beschichtet werden soll, ist zu beachten, dass der Grundstrang 2 und die Strukturkörper 3 unterschiedliche Wärmekapazitäten besitzen, wodurch der Grundstrang 2 und die Strukturkörper 3 sich bei einer thermischen Vorbehandlung in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 unterschiedlich schnell erwärmen und unterschiedlich lange die Wärme speichern. Dieser Effekt ist auch abhängig von den jeweiligen Dimensionen des Grundstranges 2 und der Strukturkörper 3. In diesem Fall kann allein oder zusätzlich zu der oben beschriebenen thermischen Vorbehandlung des Strukturstranges 1 in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 ein Kleber aufgetragen und/oder vernebelt werden, mit dem sowohl der Grundstrang 2 als auch die Strukturkörper 3 gleich reagieren und welcher auf dem Grundstrang 2 und den Strukturkörpern 3 eine Grundierung ausbildet, mit welcher eine nachfolgende Beschichtung gut regieren kann bzw. in welche sich eine nachfolgende Beschichtung gut thermisch einlagern kann.If, for example, a structural strand 1, which consists of a basic strand 2 made of cotton with structural bodies 3 in the form of lead balls, is to be completely coated, it should be noted that the basic strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 have different heat capacities, which means that the basic strand 2 and the Structural bodies 3 heat up at different speeds during a thermal pretreatment in the pretreatment chamber 5 and store the heat for different lengths of time. This effect is also dependent on the respective dimensions of the base strand 2 and the structural body 3. In this case, alone or in addition to the thermal pretreatment of the structural strand 1 described above, an adhesive can be applied and / or nebulized in the pretreatment chamber 5, with which both Base strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 react in the same way and which forms a primer on the base strand 2 and the structural bodies 3, with which a subsequent coating can govern well or in which a subsequent coating can be thermally incorporated.

Wie in Figur 2 zu sehen, ist der Strukturstrang 1 in der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 um mehrere Umlenkrollen 8, 8' geführt, sodass die gesamte Kammergröße der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 geeignet für die Vorbehandlung einer möglichst großen Menge des Strukturstranges 1 genutzt werden kann. In anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung können die Umlenkrollen 8, 8' auch weggelassen werden.As in Figure 2 can be seen, the structural strand 1 in the pretreatment chamber 5 is guided around a plurality of deflection rollers 8, 8 ′, so that the entire chamber size of the pretreatment chamber 5 can be used in a suitable manner for the pretreatment of the largest possible amount of the structural strand 1. In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, the deflection rollers 8, 8 'can also be omitted.

Wie es außerdem aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, ist der Relativabstand der einander gegenüber liegenden Umlenkrollen 8, 8' mittels einer Abstandsverstelleinrichtung 9 einstellbar. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist hierfür zum Beispiel die Höhe H der oberen Umlenkrollen 8 veränderbar. Dafür befinden sich die oberen Umlenkrollen 8 an einem gemeinsamen, höhenveränderbaren Balken. Gleiches ist auch mit den unteren Umlenkrollen 8' möglich.As it also looks Figure 2 is apparent, the relative distance between the mutually opposite deflection rollers 8, 8 'is adjustable by means of a distance adjustment device 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the height H of the upper deflection rollers 8 can be changed for this purpose. For this purpose, the upper guide rollers 8 are located on a common, height-adjustable bar. The same is also possible with the lower deflection rollers 8 '.

Der die Vorbehandlungskammer 5 verlassende vorbehandelte Strukturstrang 1 wird daraufhin kontinuierlich weiter in die Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder eine Pulverwolke geführt.The pretreated structural strand 1 leaving the pretreatment chamber 5 is then continuously guided further into the fluidized bed chamber 10 or a powder cloud.

In der Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder der Pulverwolke werden pulverisierte Partikel mittels eines Gasstromes fluidisiert bzw. verwirbelt. Die Pulverwolke lässt sich durch verschiedene Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise durch Einwirkung von Schalldruck oder Vibration auf Pulverpartikel und/oder durch Versprühen, Schütten, Rieseln und/oder Vermischen von Pulverpartikeln, erzeugen. Die Pulverpartikel werden in der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 über eine Pulverzuführeinrichtung 12, die beispielsweise ein Pulvervorratssilo, das eine kontinuierliche Pulvernachführung ermöglicht, sein kann, einem Innenraum der Wirbelbettkammer 10 zugeführt. Durch die Pulverzuführeinrichtung 12 kann eine gleichbleibende Wirbelbettdichte gewährleistet werden.In the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud, pulverized particles are fluidized or swirled by means of a gas stream. The powder cloud can be generated by various measures, for example by the action of sound pressure or vibration on powder particles and / or by spraying, pouring, trickling and / or mixing powder particles. The powder particles are in the embodiment of Figure 2 via a powder feed device 12, which can be, for example, a powder storage silo that enables continuous powder tracking, an interior of the Fluidized bed chamber 10 supplied. A constant fluidized bed density can be ensured by the powder feed device 12.

Die Pulverpartikel können beispielsweise, aber nicht ausschließlich, aus einem Polymerpulver, wie beispielsweise Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polyester oder PES (Polyethersulfon), ausgebildet sein.The powder particles can, for example, but not exclusively, be formed from a polymer powder, such as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester or PES (polyether sulfone).

Die Pulverpartikel können aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen und/oder können aus Materialien mit unterschiedlicher Dichte ausgebildet sein und/oder können unterschiedliche Partikelgrößen aufweisen. Auf diese Weise kann in der Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder der Pulverwolke eine Mischfunktionalisierung der Komponenten des Strukturstranges 1 vorgenommen werden. Die Oberfläche des Strukturstranges 1 kann nach einer solchen Mischfunktionalisierung beispielsweise elektrisch leitfähig und/oder hydrophob und/oder weiß und/oder magnetisch und/oder korrosionsresistent und/oder piezoaktiv sein.The powder particles can consist of different materials and / or can be formed from materials with different densities and / or can have different particle sizes. In this way, a mixed functionalization of the components of the structural strand 1 can be carried out in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud. After such a mixed functionalization, the surface of the structural strand 1 can, for example, be electrically conductive and / or hydrophobic and / or white and / or magnetic and / or corrosion-resistant and / or piezoactive.

Zusätzlich befindet sich in einem unteren Bereich der Wirbelbettkammer 10 eine poröse Bodenplatte 13, die einem Lufteintrag in die Wirbelbettkammer 10 dient. Durch die gasdurchlässige Bodenplatte 13 wird Gas, wie beispielsweise Luft, zur Aufwirbelung der Pulverpartikel von unten durch einen Gaseinlass 14 in die Wirbelbettkammer 10 eingeleitet.In addition, there is a porous base plate 13 in a lower region of the fluidized bed chamber 10, which serves to introduce air into the fluidized bed chamber 10. Gas, such as air, is introduced through the gas-permeable base plate 13 to whirl up the powder particles from below through a gas inlet 14 into the fluidized bed chamber 10.

In dem gezeigten Beispiel ist zudem auf die Wirbelbettkammer 10 ein Filter 15 aufgesetzt. Der Filter 15 verhindert einen Austrag der Pulverpartikel.In the example shown, a filter 15 is also placed on the fluidized bed chamber 10. The filter 15 prevents the powder particles from being discharged.

Das sich in der Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder der Pulverwolke aus den Pulverpartikeln ausbildende Wirbelbett 11 umwirbelt den Strukturstrang 1 und lässt die Pulverpartikel mit dem Grundstrang 2 und/oder den Strukturkörpern 3 und/oder einer auf dem Grundstrang 2 und/oder den Strukturkörpern 3 vorgesehenen Grundierung reagieren oder sorgt dafür, dass sich Pulverpartikel in oder an den Grundstrang 2 und/oder die Strukturkörper 3 und/oder eine auf dem Grundstrang 2 und/oder den Strukturkörpern 3 vorgesehene Grundierung thermisch einlagern.The fluidized bed 11 formed in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud from the powder particles whirls around the structural strand 1 and allows the powder particles to react with the basic strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3 and / or a primer provided on the basic strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3 or ensures that powder particles are thermally embedded in or on the base strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3 and / or a primer provided on the base strand 2 and / or the structural bodies 3.

Wie es ferner aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, ist nach der Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder in anderen Ausführungsformen nach der Pulverwolke eine Nachbehandlungseinrichtung 16 in Form einer Nachbehandlungskammer vorgesehen, in die der aus der Wirbelbettkammer 10 heraus kommende beschichtete Strukturstrang 1 kontinuierlich weiter geführt wird. In der Nachbehandlungseinrichtung 16 wird die auf den Strukturstrang 1 in der Wirbelbettkammer 10 oder der Pulverwolke aufgebrachte Beschichtung 4 stabilisiert und/oder verfestigt.How it further out Figure 2 can be seen, after the fluidized bed chamber 10 or in other embodiments after the powder cloud is an aftertreatment device 16 in Form of an aftertreatment chamber is provided, into which the coated structural strand 1 coming out of the fluidized bed chamber 10 is continuously guided. In the aftertreatment device 16, the coating 4 applied to the structural strand 1 in the fluidized bed chamber 10 or the powder cloud is stabilized and / or solidified.

Die Verfestigung der Beschichtung 4 erfolgt in der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform mittels wenigstens einer Heizquelle 6, für deren Wärmeverteilung wenigstens eine Wärmeverteilungseinrichtung 7, wie beispielsweise wenigstens ein Ventilator, vorgesehen ist.The coating 4 is solidified in the in Figure 2 Embodiment shown by means of at least one heat source 6, for the heat distribution at least one heat distribution device 7, such as at least one fan, is provided.

In anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann/können in der Nachbehandlungskammer 16 anstelle oder zusätzlich zu der wenigstens einen Heizquelle 6 auch wenigstens eine andere Strahlenquelle, wenigstens eine Infrarotbehandlungseinrichtung, wenigstens eine Lackbeschichtungseinrichtung und/oder wenigstens eine lonisierungseinrichtung vorgesehen sein.In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, instead of or in addition to the at least one heating source 6, at least one other radiation source, at least one infrared treatment device, at least one paint coating device and / or at least one ionization device can be provided in the aftertreatment chamber 16.

Wie die Vorbehandlungskammer 5 weist die in der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 verwendete Nachbehandlungskammer 16 wenigstens einen Gaseinlass, wenigstens einen Gasauslass und/oder wenigstens eine Kühleinrichtung auf.Like the pretreatment chamber 5, in the embodiment of FIG Figure 2 used aftertreatment chamber 16 at least one gas inlet, at least one gas outlet and / or at least one cooling device.

Darüber hinaus ist der Strukturstrang 1 in der Nachbehandlungskammer 16 ebenfalls um mehrere Umlenkrollen 8, 8' geführt, sodass die gesamte Kammergröße der Nachbehandlungskammer 16 für die Nachbehandlung einer möglichst großen Menge des beschichteten Strukturstranges 1 bei hohen Durchsatzmengen bzw. kurzen Verweilzeiten genutzt werden kann. In anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung können die Umlenkrollen 8, 8' in der Nachbehandlungskammer 16 auch weggelassen werden.In addition, the structural strand 1 in the aftertreatment chamber 16 is likewise guided around a plurality of deflection rollers 8, 8 ′, so that the entire chamber size of the aftertreatment chamber 16 can be used for the aftertreatment of as large a quantity of the coated structural strand 1 as possible with high throughput quantities or short dwell times. In other, not shown embodiments of the present invention, the deflection rollers 8, 8 'in the aftertreatment chamber 16 can also be omitted.

Ferner ist auch in der Nachbehandlungskammer 16 der Relativabstand der einander gegenüber liegenden Umlenkrollen 8, 8' mittels einer Abstandsverstelleinrichtung 9 einstellbar. In dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist hierfür zum Beispiel die Höhe H der oberen Umlenkrollen 8 veränderbar. Dafür befinden sich die oberen Umlenkrollen 8 an einem gemeinsamen, höhenveränderbaren Balken. Gleiches ist auch mit den unteren Umlenkrollen 8' möglich.Furthermore, the relative spacing of the opposite deflection rollers 8, 8 ′ can also be adjusted in the aftertreatment chamber 16 by means of a spacing adjustment device 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the height H of the upper deflection rollers 8 can be changed for this purpose. For this purpose, the upper guide rollers 8 are located on a common, height-adjustable bar. The same is also possible with the lower deflection rollers 8 '.

In der Ausführungsform von Figur 2 sind auf dem Strukturstrang 1 sowohl der Grundstrang 2 als auch die Strukturkörper 3 mit der Beschichtung 4 unter Ausbildung des in Figur 6 schematisch gezeigten beschichteten Strukturstranges 1c beschichtet. In anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann/können, wie es schematisch in den Figuren 4 und 5 dargestellt ist, auch nur die Strukturkörper 3 unter Ausbildung des beschichteten Strukturstranges 1a oder nur der Grundstrang 2 mit der Beschichtung 4 unter Ausbildung des beschichteten Strukturstranges 1b beschichtet sein.In the embodiment of Figure 2 are both the basic strand 2 and the structural body 3 with the coating 4 to form the in FIG Figure 6 schematically shown coated structural strand 1c coated. In other, not shown embodiments of the invention, as shown schematically in the Figures 4 and 5 is shown, only the structural body 3 can be coated with the formation of the coated structural strand 1 a or only the base strand 2 with the coating 4 with the formation of the coated structural strand 1 b.

Figur 3 zeigt schematisch eine weitere mögliche Vorrichtung zur Realisierung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Dabei sind gleiche Komponenten der Vorrichtung von Figur 3 mit gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in Figur 2 versehen, wobei auf die oben erfolgte Beschreibung dieser Komponenten vollumfänglich verwiesen wird. Figure 3 shows schematically another possible device for realizing a further embodiment of the method according to the invention. The same components of the device of Figure 3 with the same reference numerals as in Figure 2 provided, reference being made in full to the above description of these components.

Im Unterschied zu der Vorrichtung von Figur 2 weist die in Figur 3 gezeigte Vorrichtung vor der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 eine Strukturstrangzuführungseinheit 17 auf. Die Strukturstrangzuführungseinheit 17 beinhaltet wenigstens eine Strukturstrangaufbewahrungseinrichtung und wenigstens eine Antriebs-, Abwickel- und Fördereinheit für das Strukturstrang 1. Die Strukturstrangzuführungseinheit 17 weist hierfür in dem gezeigten Beispiel eine Rolle 18 auf, von der das unprozessierte Strukturstrang 1 abgewickelt und der Vorbehandlungskammer 5 zugeführt wird.In contrast to the device of Figure 2 indicates the in Figure 3 shown device in front of the pretreatment chamber 5 a structural strand feed unit 17. The structural strand feed unit 17 contains at least one structural strand storage device and at least one drive, unwinding and conveying unit for the structural strand 1. In the example shown, the structural strand feed unit 17 has a roller 18 from which the unprocessed structural strand 1 is unwound and fed to the pretreatment chamber 5.

Ferner ist im Unterschied zu der in Figur 2 gezeigten Vorrichtung bei der in Figur 3 gezeigten Vorrichtung in einer Strukturstrangförderrichtung A nach der Wirbelbettkammer 10 eine Nachbehandlungseinrichtung 19 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise wenigstens eine Heizquelle oder wenigstens eine anderer Strahlenquelle, wie wenigstens eine IRoder wenigstens eine UV-Strahlenquelle, aufweisen kann. In der Nachbehandlungseinrichtung 19 wird die auf den Strukturstrang 1 aufgebrachte Beschichtung 4 verfestigt.Furthermore, in contrast to that in Figure 2 device shown in the in Figure 3 shown in a structural strand conveying direction A after the fluidized bed chamber 10, a post-treatment device 19 is provided, which can have, for example, at least one heating source or at least one other radiation source, such as at least one IR or at least one UV radiation source. The coating 4 applied to the structural strand 1 is solidified in the aftertreatment device 19.

Der Nachbehandlungseinrichtung 19 ist in dem Ausführungsbeispiel von Figur 3 eine Luftkühlung oder ein Gasabzug 20 mit einer Wärmeverteilungseinrichtung 7 in Form eines Lüfters nachgeordnet. Hierdurch kann eine Wärmerückgewinnung realisiert werden.The aftertreatment device 19 is in the exemplary embodiment of FIG Figure 3 an air cooling or a gas exhaust 20 downstream with a heat distribution device 7 in the form of a fan. In this way, heat recovery can be realized.

In der Ausführungsform von Figur 3 sind auf dem Strukturstrang 1 nur die Strukturkörper 3 mit der Beschichtung 4 unter Ausbildung des in Figur 4 schematisch gezeigten beschichteten Strukturstranges 1a beschichtet. In anderen, nicht gezeigten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann/können, wie es schematisch in den Figuren 5 und 6 dargestellt ist, auch nur der Grundstrang 2 des Strukturstranges 1 mit der Beschichtung 4 unter Ausbildung des beschichteten Strukturstranges 1 oder der gesamte Strukturstrang 1, einschließlich Grundstrang 2 und Strukturkörper 3, mit der Beschichtung 4 unter Ausbildung des beschichteten Strukturstranges 1c beschichtet sein.In the embodiment of Figure 3 are only on the structural strand 1, the structural body 3 with the coating 4 to form the in Figure 4 schematically shown coated structural strand 1a coated. In other, not shown embodiments of the invention, as shown schematically in the Figures 5 and 6 is shown, only the base strand 2 of the structure strand 1 can be coated with the coating 4 to form the coated structure strand 1, or the entire structure strand 1, including the base strand 2 and structure body 3, can be coated with the coating 4 to form the coated structure strand 1c.

Der beschichtete Strukturstrang 1a, 1b oder 1c wird nachfolgend in der in Figur 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform in einer Aufwickeleinheit 21 auf wenigstens einer Rolle 22 aufgewickelt. Die Aufwickeleinheit 21 ist hierfür mit einer Antriebseinheit 23, wie einem Motor, verbunden. Die Aufwickeleinheit 21 kann als ein Schrank zur Abwärmeaufnahme ausgebildet sein.The coated structural strand 1a, 1b or 1c is subsequently shown in the in Figure 3 The embodiment shown is wound in at least one roll 22 in a winding unit 21. For this purpose, the winding unit 21 is connected to a drive unit 23, such as a motor. The winding unit 21 can be designed as a cabinet for absorbing waste heat.

Figur 4 zeigt schematisch eine erste Variante eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschichteten Strukturstranges 1a. Die Beschichtung 4 befindet sich bei dieser ersten Variante nur auf den Strukturkörpern 3. Figure 4 schematically shows a first variant of a structural strand 1a coated with the method according to the invention. In this first variant, the coating 4 is only on the structural bodies 3.

Figur 5 zeigt schematisch eine zweite Variante eines mit einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichteten Strukturstranges 1b. Dabei befindet sich die Beschichtung 4 nur auf dem Grundstrang 2. Figure 5 shows schematically a second variant of a structural strand 1b coated with another embodiment of the method according to the invention. The coating 4 is only on the base strand 2.

Figur 6 zeigt schematisch eine dritte Variante eines mit einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens beschichteten Strukturstranges 1c, bei welchem sowohl der Grundstrang 2 als auch die Strukturkörper 3 mit der Beschichtung 4 versehen sind. Figure 6 shows schematically a third variant of a structural strand 1c coated with a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which both the basic strand 2 and the structural bodies 3 are provided with the coating 4.

Figur 7 zeigt schematisch eine Ausführungsform eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschichteten Strukturstranges 1d, von dem nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung 4 die Strukturkörper 3 entfernt bzw. abgelöst wurden. Das Entfernen bzw. Ablösen der Strukturkörper 3 kann beispielsweise mittels Lösens mit Lösungsmittel oder dann, wenn die Strukturkörper 3 beispielsweise Eiswürfel oder -kugeln sind, mittels Wegtauens der Strukturkörper 3 erfolgen. Im Ergebnis entsteht, wie in Figur 7 zu sehen, ein Strukturstrang 1d auf Basis des Grundstranges 2 mit durch die voneinander beabstandete Beschichtung 4 sequentierter Oberfläche. Figure 7 schematically shows an embodiment of a structural strand 1d coated with the method according to the invention, from which the structural bodies 3 have been removed or detached after the coating 4 has been applied. The structural bodies 3 can be removed or detached, for example, by means of dissolving with solvent or, if the structural bodies 3 are, for example, ice cubes or balls, by thawing away the structural bodies 3. The result is, as in Figure 7 to see a structural strand 1d on the basis of the base strand 2 with a surface sequenced by the spaced apart coating 4.

Claims (10)

  1. Method for forming a three-dimensional strand, wherein the strand is led through a fluidized bed chamber (10) or a powder cloud, in which swirled powder particles of at least one coating material are applied to the strand and accumulate thereon while forming a coating (4),
    characterized in that
    a structure strand (1), which is a cord or a tube with structure bodies (3) strung thereon and/or inserted therein and comprising structure bodies (3) being strung spaced apart from each other on or in a base strand (2) comprising, is used as a strand, wherein the base strand (2) and the structure bodies (3) consist of different material or of the same material with different surface properties, the powder particles in the fluidized bed chamber (10) or the powder cloud react chemically and/or physically with the base strand (2) and/or the structure bodies (3) and/or with a primer applied to the base strand (2) and/or the structure bodies (3) and/or are thermally bonded in or on the surface of the structure bodies (3) and/or the primer and thus form the coating (4).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure strand (1) coated with the coating (4) is continuously led out of the fluidized bed chamber (10) or the powder cloud in a structure strand conveying direction (A) on into an aftertreatment device (16, 19), in which the coating (4) applied to the structure strand (1) is stabilized and/or fixed and/or strengthened.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating (4) is only applied to the base strand (2) or only to the structure bodies (3) or only to the base strand (2) and the structure bodies (3).
  4. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure strand (1) is led in an aftertreatment device (16, 19) provided downstream the fluidized bed chamber (10) or the powder cloud in a structure strand conveying direction (A) and/or at least a pretreatment chamber (5) provided upstream the fluidized bed chamber (10) or the powder cloud in the structure strand conveying direction (A) via deflection pulleys (8, 8').
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the relative distance of the opposing deflection pulleys (8, 8') is changed in dependence of the required dwelling times in the process steps of the method and/or the length and/or geometry and/or material composition and/or tension of the structure strand (1) during the pretreatment and/or aftertreatment of the structure strand (1).
  6. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure bodies (3) are removed from the structure strand (1) after applying the coating (4).
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the structure bodies (3) are removed from the structure strand (1) after applying the coating by means of dissolving or thawing.
  8. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure bodies (3) are physically and/or chemically and/or mechanically pretreated in a pretreatment chamber (5) provided upstream to the fluidized bed chamber (10) or the powder cloud in a structure strand conveying direction (A) and/or applied to the base strand (2).
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the structure bodies (3) are applied to the base strand (2) by means of drop application.
  10. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that lead balls, plastic beads and/or frozen ice bodies are used as structure bodies (3).
EP17164535.1A 2016-04-08 2017-04-03 Method for forming a three-dimensional structure strand Active EP3228389B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016106480.7A DE102016106480A1 (en) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Method for forming a three-dimensional structure strand

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EP3228389B1 true EP3228389B1 (en) 2020-03-11

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GB702829A (en) * 1950-05-05 1954-01-27 North British Rayon Ltd Improvements in or relating to coated threads
US3919437A (en) * 1972-02-22 1975-11-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method for electrostatically impregnating strand
US4131690A (en) * 1975-05-05 1978-12-26 Northern Electric Company Limited Method of powder coating an insulated electrical conductor
DE2948650A1 (en) 1979-12-04 1981-06-11 Kabel- und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshütte AG, 3000 Hannover Plastic insulated cable - produced with copper wire braiding applied over viscous fluid film followed by methylcellulose powder
NL8502947A (en) * 1985-07-16 1987-02-16 Flexline Services Ltd METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPREGNATING THREADS OF DIFFERENT FILAMENTS, RIBBONS OR THE LIKE WHICH, IF POSSIBLE, IN A FABRIC OR KNITTLE, E.D. BE PROCESSED.
FR2659595B1 (en) * 1990-03-15 1992-09-04 Inst Nat Rech Chimique METHOD OF IMPREGNATION OF FIBERS USING POLYMER POWDER, IN A FLUIDIZED BED, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.
US5756206A (en) * 1995-03-15 1998-05-26 Custom Composite Materials, Inc. Flexible low bulk pre-impregnated tow
EP1060142B1 (en) * 1998-03-03 2003-05-14 PPG Industries Ohio, Inc. Glass fiber strands coated with thermally conductive inorganic particles and products including the same
DE19814632C1 (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-10-14 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for applying a protective layer on an elongated body, in particular wire or tube

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DE102016106480A1 (en) 2017-10-12
EP3228389A1 (en) 2017-10-11

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