EP3225922B1 - Kühl-, klimatisierungs- oder heizsystem - Google Patents

Kühl-, klimatisierungs- oder heizsystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3225922B1
EP3225922B1 EP17164347.1A EP17164347A EP3225922B1 EP 3225922 B1 EP3225922 B1 EP 3225922B1 EP 17164347 A EP17164347 A EP 17164347A EP 3225922 B1 EP3225922 B1 EP 3225922B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
tank
temperature
hot water
deicing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17164347.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3225922A1 (de
Inventor
Damien CASTELEYN
Luc Saisset
Emmanuel ANTOINE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS
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Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS
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Application filed by Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS filed Critical Societe Industrielle de Chauffage SIC SAS
Priority to SI201730719T priority Critical patent/SI3225922T1/sl
Priority to PL17164347T priority patent/PL3225922T3/pl
Publication of EP3225922A1 publication Critical patent/EP3225922A1/de
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Publication of EP3225922B1 publication Critical patent/EP3225922B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling, air conditioning or heating system for a building based on the heat pump principle and using outside air as a source of thermal energy.
  • the system is of the type with separate heat exchange units in which, on the one hand, the compressor, the expansion member and the first exchanger in which the outside air circulates and, on the other hand, the second exchanger are distributed in two separate heat exchange units at a distance from each other.
  • one of the heat exchange units When such a system is installed for the purpose of cooling, air conditioning or heating a building (dwelling, etc.), one of the heat exchange units, called the outdoor unit, is placed outside the building while the The other unit is placed inside the building.
  • this type of outdoor unit has an evaporator, an air inlet on a first face and an air outlet on a second face opposite the first.
  • defrost can be provided by a cycle reversal by means of a 4-way valve on the refrigeration circuit. Said valve performs the changeover between the evaporator and the condenser of the refrigeration circuit. During this operation, energy must be supplied to the condenser which has turned into an evaporator.
  • Other examples are disclosed in the documents EP 2103890A1 and EP2940407A1 .
  • the strategy in the event of defrost of the evaporator of the outdoor unit is to reverse the refrigeration cycle and to take the defrost energy from at least one hydraulic circuit of the heating network.
  • the hydraulic design of the installation must provide for a system ensuring circulation of the heating fluid and a minimum volume thereof in all situations.
  • a usual solution is to indicate a minimum volume of water for the installation and if necessary to place a buffer tank on the return of the condenser.
  • the operational safety of the device is also associated with a water flow control.
  • the rules of the art stipulate that a heating installation with a centralized controller, which is for example the case of a heat pump system, must include at least one heat emitter, usually a radiator, fitted with a non-thermostatic valve, which does not prevent the user from closing said valve but avoids its automatic closing by raising the air temperature in the room.
  • a cooling, air conditioning or heating system according to the invention overcomes the drawbacks noted in the state of the art, by proposing in particular to ensure the defrosting of the outdoor unit, regardless of the geometry and the characteristics. the hydraulic environment of the condenser.
  • the subject of the invention is a system for cooling, air conditioning or heating a building comprising a circuit for modifying the temperature of said building and a hot water heating circuit provided with a hot water tank, said system being based on the principle of the heat pump using air as an external source and comprising an external heat exchange unit equipped with an evaporator and an internal unit having a condenser and intended to heat a secondary fluid circulating alternately in the heating circuit heating and the hot water heating circuit where it ensures the heating of a tertiary fluid supplying the tank, through an exchanger thermally connecting the secondary and tertiary fluids.
  • the main characteristic of a system according to the invention is that it comprises an automatic control device making it possible, during evaporator defrosting operations carried out by a cycle inversion of the outdoor unit, to stop the circulation of the fluid. secondary in the temperature modification circuit, and to redirect said secondary fluid to the exchanger in order to maintain the secondary fluid at a certain temperature by means of a withdrawal of the heat energy necessary for said cycle in the hot water tank via the condenser of the indoor unit.
  • the building temperature modification circuit can for example consist of a heating circuit, a cooling circuit or an air conditioning circuit. Depending on its use, the temperature modification circuit can either lower or increase the temperature of the building. However, such a temperature modification circuit is essentially used as a heating circuit in the context of the present invention.
  • the outdoor heat exchange unit provides heat exchange with the outdoor air and includes at least one heat exchanger in the form of an evaporator.
  • a system according to the invention is thus able to ensure defrosting of this evaporator by drawing off the heat energy from the hot water tank via the condenser of the internal unit. Defrosting of this evaporator is usually carried out by means of the indoor unit condenser connected to the temperature modification circuit, which presents a risk of freezing if it is too small. By using the hot water stored in the tank, the condenser of the temperature modification circuit is no longer exposed to freezing. However, it is not excluded that the temperature modification circuit can be totally or partially substituted for the domestic hot water circuit to provide transient defrosting of the evaporator of the outdoor heat exchange unit. .
  • the temperature modification circuit is a hydraulic circuit.
  • a control unit controls the various hot water flows present in the building, in particular in order to convey the hot water stored in the balloon to the condenser transformed into an evaporator.
  • the hot water circuit is a domestic hot water circuit.
  • a system according to the invention comprises a directional valve capable of managing the two circuits, the defrosting of the evaporator of the outdoor unit being carried out jointly with the reversal of the refrigeration cycle, by tilting the valve making it possible to redirect the secondary fluid to the heat exchanger in communication with the tertiary fluid of the balloon, ensuring the permutation of the hot sources of said cycle.
  • a control unit controls the valve so as to send hot water stored in the tank.
  • the hot water stored in the tank can be sent to the condenser via an intermediate exchanger, such as for example a coil.
  • said system comprises two separate pumps able to manage the two circuits, the defrost of the evaporator of the outdoor unit being carried out jointly with the reversal of the refrigeration cycle. , by switching the pump of the temperature modification circuit to the pump of the hot water circuit making it possible to redirect the secondary fluid to the heat exchanger in communication with the tertiary fluid of the tank, ensuring the changeover of the hot sources of said cycle.
  • a system according to the invention comprises means for controlling the temperature of the water stored in the balloon.
  • the temperature of the water present in the tank can be adjusted as necessary in relation to the needs of the moment, in terms of defrosting.
  • Another subject of the invention is a method for defrosting an evaporator of an outdoor unit of a system according to the invention.
  • the switching of the two circuits to the hot water circuit can for example be carried out by means of a valve and / or pumps.
  • a method according to the invention comprises a step of controlling the temperature of the sanitary water stored in the tank.
  • This step of controlling the temperature of the domestic hot water stored in the tank aims to verify that said water is indeed able to ensure the defrosting of the evaporator in a complete and satisfactory manner.
  • the control step can for example be carried out by means of measurements, carried out with conventional temperature probes.
  • a method according to the invention comprises a step of preliminary heating of the water present in the tank, if the temperature controlled in the tank is below a predetermined threshold value. Indeed, if the control step reveals that the temperature of the water is not high enough, then a defrosting process according to the invention implements an additional step of heating the water to bring it to a temperature. sufficient temperature and enable it to ensure satisfactory defrosting of the evaporator.
  • the stage of preliminary heating of the balloon is carried out by means of an electrical resistance device. It is a simple, proven and well-mastered heating method.
  • said method comprises a step of using the temperature modification circuit as a hot source. to ensure defrosting of the evaporator of the outdoor unit. Indeed, if the conditions are not met at the level of the hot water tank, then the temperature modification circuit can be requested to temporarily ensure the defrost of the evaporator, while waiting for the hot water tank to become operational.
  • the threshold temperature of the tank depends on at least one parameter to be chosen from the characteristics of the external heat exchange unit, the capacity of the tank and a condenser placed on the water circuit and the circuit for modifying the temperature. temperature.
  • This threshold temperature is set taking into account the environment of the temperature modification circuit and the domestic hot water, the structural and functional characteristics of the external heat exchange unit, the tank capacity and the characteristics. of the indoor unit condenser.
  • Another object of the invention is a building comprising a system in accordance with the invention and allowing the implementation of a method according to the invention.
  • the main characteristic of a building according to the invention is that the step of defrosting the outdoor unit is carried out from a control unit which is able to select the temperature modification circuit or the circuit d. hot water to ensure said defrosting.
  • a building thus has a double possibility of defrosting the outdoor unit, one via the temperature modification circuit, the other via the hot water circuit.
  • these two circuits can thus be used alternately, to ensure the same phase of defrosting the evaporator.
  • one of the two circuits may be preferred to the other circuit to ensure the entire defrosting phase, as a function of economic parameters or for reasons of efficiency and yield. Indeed, in the event of a forecast of a strong need for hot water, it is the temperature modification circuit which will be favored to ensure the defrost of the evaporator and thus to preserve the hot water for its use. original.
  • the selection of the circuit is a function of at least one parameter to be chosen from among the temperature of the hot water, the temperature of the temperature modification circuit, the heating flow rate, and the time range of use of said circuit.
  • a building 1 comprises a cooling, air conditioning or heating system comprising a circuit in which a secondary fluid circulates, said circuit comprising a heating circuit 2 and a domestic hot water circuit 3 in communication with a heat exchanger 12 immersed in a domestic hot water tank 4, in which a tertiary fluid 13 circulates, said system being based on the principle of the heat pump, using air as an external source.
  • the tertiary fluid 13 therefore supplies the hot water tank 4 from a source forming an integral part of the water supply network of the building 1.
  • This heat pump also uses a thermodynamic cycle based on compression, condensation, the expansion and evaporation of a fluid primary 11, such as for example R410A, and is intended to heat the secondary fluid of the heating circuit 2 and of the domestic hot water circuit 3, and the tertiary fluid 13 of the tank 4.
  • a fluid primary 11 such as for example R410A
  • Such a system conventionally comprises a three-way valve 5 capable of controlling the secondary fluid between the heating circuit 2 and the domestic hot water circuit 3 towards the tertiary fluid 13 of the tank 4.
  • the building 1 comprises an exchange unit 6. external thermal allowing to ensure a thermal exchange with the outside air, said unit 6 comprising at least one heat exchanger in the form of an evaporator and a cycle reversal valve.
  • Said building 1 also comprises an indoor unit having a condenser 8.
  • the heating circuit 2 comprises the condenser 8 and is able to supply hot water to heating elements such as for example radiators 10 of building 1.
  • the evaporator of the The outdoor unit 6 being liable to undergo phases of accumulation of frost during the various operating phases of the cooling, air conditioning or heating system, must undergo defrost phases in order to remain operational.
  • the defrosting process described above is carried out exclusively by using, at the hot source of the refrigeration circuit, hot water stored in tank 4. It should be noted that such a process is controlled by a suitable control unit. to take into account all the parameters inherent in the operation of the tank 4, such as for example the temperature, the pressure and the volume of the water present in the said tank 4, as well as the parameters characterizing at a given moment, all the different elements constituting the heat pump, and in particular the outdoor unit 6. This control unit also allows the valve 5 to be controlled in order to operate the heating circuit 2 and / or the domestic hot water circuit 3.
  • building 1 has a heating circuit 2 and a domestic hot water circuit 3, the defrosting of the outdoor unit 6 can be carried out using the said two circuits as a hot source indifferently 2, 3.
  • the two circuits 2, 3 can be used alternately over a given period, to ensure the same defrost phase for the outdoor unit 6 over said period.
  • only one of said circuits 2, 3 is retained to ensure the defrosting of the outdoor unit 6, the choice of said circuit 2, 3 being dictated by constraints, such as for example the forecast of significant sanitary use, significant heating of building 1, for example in cold weather.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Kühl-, Klimatisierungs- oder Heizsystem eines Gebäudes (1), umfassend einen Temperaturänderungskreis des Gebäudes (2) und einen Warmwasserheizkreis (3) mit einem Warmwasserspeicher (4), wobei das System auf dem Prinzip der Wärmepumpe basiert, die Luft als Quelle von außen verwendet und aufweisend eine äußere Wärmetauschereinheit (6), die mit einem Verdampfer versehen ist, und eine innere Einheit, die einen Kondensator (8) besitzt und bestimmt ist, ein sekundäres Fluid zu erhitzen, das alternativ in dem Temperaturänderungskreis (2) und dem Warmwasserheizkreis (3) zirkuliert, wo es ein tertiäres Fluid (13) erhitzt, das den Speicher (4) versorgt, über einen Tauscher (12), der das sekundäre und tertiäre Fluid thermisch verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine automatische Steuervorrichtung umfasst, die ausgelegt ist, um bei Enteisungsoperationen des Verdampfers, die durch eine Zyklusumkehr der äußeren Einheit (6) durchgeführt werden, die Zirkulation des sekundären Fluids im Temperaturänderungskreis (2) zu stoppen und das sekundäre Fluid zum Tauscher (12) zurückzuleiten, um das sekundäre Fluid auf einer bestimmten Temperatur zu halten, mittels einer Entnahme von Wärmeenergie, die für den Zyklus im Warmwasserspeicher (4) notwendig ist, über den Kondensator (8) der inneren Einheit.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (12) in den Warmwasserspeicher (4) eingetaucht ist.
  3. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Richtungsventil (5) umfasst, das imstande ist, die zwei Kreise (2, 3) zu verwalten, und dass die Enteisung des Verdampfers der äußeren Einheit (6) gemeinsam mit der Umkehr des Kühlzyklus durch eine Umstellung des Ventils (5) durchgeführt wird, was erlaubt, das sekundäre Fluid zum Tauscher (12) in Kommunikation mit dem tertiären Fluid (13) umzuleiten, wodurch das Vertauschen der warmen Quellen des Zyklus sichergestellt wird.
  4. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es zwei separate Pumpen umfasst, die imstande sind, die zwei Kreise (2, 3) zu verwalten, und dass die Enteisung des Verdampfers der äußeren Einheit (6) gemeinsam mit der Umkehr des Kühlzyklus durch eine Umstellung von der Pumpe des Temperaturänderungskreises (2) zur Pumpe des Warmwasserkreises (3) durchgeführt wird, was erlaubt, das sekundäre Fluid zum Tauscher (12) in Kommunikation mit dem tertiären Fluid (13) umzuleiten, wodurch das Vertauschen der warmen Quellen des Zyklus sichergestellt wird.
  5. System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Steuermittel der Temperatur des in dem Speicher gespeicherten Wassers umfasst.
  6. Verfahren zum Enteisen eines Verdampfers einer äußeren Einheit (6) eines Systems nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - einen Schritt des Umstellens der Kreise (2, 3) zum Warmwasserkreis (3),
    - einen Enteisungsschritt durch Umkehr des Zyklus des Verdampfers der äußeren Wärmetauschereinheit (6) mit der dem Kondensator (8) durch das im Speicher (4) gespeicherte warme Wasser zugeführten Energie.
  7. Enteisungsverfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Steuerschritt der Temperatur des in dem Speicher (4) gespeicherten Wassers umfasst.
  8. Enteisungsverfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen vorherigen Heizschritt des in dem Speicher (4) vorhandenen Wassers umfasst, wenn die in dem Speicher (4) gesteuerte Temperatur unter einem vorher festgelegten Grenzwert liegt.
  9. Enteisungsverfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorherige Heizschritt des Speichers (4) mittels einer elektrischen Widerstandsvorrichtung (9) durchgeführt wird.
  10. Enteisungsverfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die in dem Speicher (4) gesteuerte Temperatur unter einem vorher festgelegten Grenzwert liegt, das Verfahren einen Schritt der Verwendung des Temperaturänderungskreises (2) als warme Quelle umfasst, um die Enteisung des Verdampfers der äußeren Einheit (6) sicherzustellen.
  11. Enteisungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenztemperatur des Speichers (4) von mindestens einem Parameter abhängt, der aus den Merkmalen der äußeren Wärmetauschereinheit (6), der Kapazität des Speichers (4) und einem Kondensator (8) auszuwählen ist, der auf dem Wasserkreis (3) und dem Temperaturänderungskreis (2) platziert ist.
  12. Gebäude (1), umfassend ein System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, das die Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10 gestattet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Enteisungsschritt der äußeren Einheit (6) ab einer Steuereinheit durchgeführt wird, die imstande ist, den Temperaturänderungskreis (2) oder den Warmwasserkreis (3) auszuwählen, um die Enteisung sicherzustellen.
  13. Gebäude nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auswahl des Kreises (2, 3) von mindestens einem Parameter abhängt, der aus der Temperatur des warmen Wassers, dem Heizdurchsatz, der Temperatur des Temperaturänderungskreises (2) und dem Zeitbereich der Verwendung des Kreises (2, 3) auszuwählen ist.
EP17164347.1A 2016-04-01 2017-03-31 Kühl-, klimatisierungs- oder heizsystem Active EP3225922B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201730719T SI3225922T1 (sl) 2016-04-01 2017-03-31 Sistem za hlajenje, klimatiziranje ali segrevanje
PL17164347T PL3225922T3 (pl) 2016-04-01 2017-03-31 Układ chłodzenia, klimatyzacji lub ogrzewania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1652882A FR3049697B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Systeme de rafraichissement, climatisation ou chauffage a unites separees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3225922A1 EP3225922A1 (de) 2017-10-04
EP3225922B1 true EP3225922B1 (de) 2021-02-17

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EP17164347.1A Active EP3225922B1 (de) 2016-04-01 2017-03-31 Kühl-, klimatisierungs- oder heizsystem

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3225922B1 (de)
DK (1) DK3225922T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2861577T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3049697B1 (de)
PL (1) PL3225922T3 (de)
PT (1) PT3225922T (de)
SI (1) SI3225922T1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020180737A (ja) * 2019-04-25 2020-11-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 暖房給湯システム
DE102021104741A1 (de) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-01 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Heizeinrichtung, Heizsystem und Verfahren
CN114963525B (zh) * 2022-01-17 2024-01-05 青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司 热泵热水器、热泵热水器的除霜方法及存储介质

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2926356B1 (fr) 2008-01-16 2010-01-22 Atlantic Climatisation & Venti Dispositif d'echange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant a deux circuits.
EP2103890B1 (de) * 2008-03-20 2013-09-04 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heizung und Steuerverfahren für die Heizung
JP2010144938A (ja) * 2008-12-16 2010-07-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ヒートポンプ給湯装置およびその運転方法
EP2940407B1 (de) * 2012-12-26 2018-11-14 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Wärmepumpenwarmwasserbereiter
NO2990737T3 (de) * 2013-04-26 2018-10-27

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3049697A1 (fr) 2017-10-06
ES2861577T3 (es) 2021-10-06
SI3225922T1 (sl) 2021-06-30
DK3225922T3 (da) 2021-05-03
PT3225922T (pt) 2021-04-07
FR3049697B1 (fr) 2019-08-02
EP3225922A1 (de) 2017-10-04
PL3225922T3 (pl) 2021-08-23

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