EP3223957A1 - Anti-extrusion hydrocyclone - Google Patents

Anti-extrusion hydrocyclone

Info

Publication number
EP3223957A1
EP3223957A1 EP15805419.7A EP15805419A EP3223957A1 EP 3223957 A1 EP3223957 A1 EP 3223957A1 EP 15805419 A EP15805419 A EP 15805419A EP 3223957 A1 EP3223957 A1 EP 3223957A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrocyclone
section
frustoconical
underflow
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15805419.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Robert
Thomas Thouvenot
Nathalie VIGNERON-LAROSA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
Original Assignee
Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS filed Critical Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
Publication of EP3223957A1 publication Critical patent/EP3223957A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B04C5/13—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits formed as a vortex finder and extending into the vortex chamber; Discharge from vortex finder otherwise than at the top of the cyclone; Devices for controlling the overflow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of the design and manufacture of hydrocyclones conventionally used in the effluent treatment sector in order to separate the liquid phase and the solid phase of a mixture.
  • Hydrocyclones are commonly used during the treatment of certain effluents in order to proceed to a liquid-solid separation.
  • the Applicant uses hydrocyclones in the example implementation of the process marketed under the name of Actiflo ® for the treatment of water. These same hydrocyclones are used in other water treatment processes or industrial effluents.
  • a water treatment process of the Actiflo ® type comprises a weighted flocculation step during which the previously coagulated and / or flocculated water is brought into contact with ballast, such as microsand, in order to decant rapidly. the flocs it contains during a subsequent decantation step.
  • ballast such as microsand
  • This decantation step leads to the production of at least partially treated water and a mixture of sludge and ballast.
  • the ballast concentration In order to maintain the performance level of such a treatment process, the ballast concentration must be kept substantially constant during the course of treatment.
  • the ballast is recycled during the treatment.
  • the mixture of sludge and ballast is conveyed to a hydrocyclone inside which the solid phase composed of ballast is essentially separated from the liquid phase.
  • the mixture of liquid, sludge and ballast is introduced under pressure laterally inside the body of the hydrocyclone which has a cylindro-frustoconical internal cavity whose diameter decreases towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
  • a vortex is created inside the internal cavity tending to press the solid phase against the peripheral wall of the cavity.
  • the solid phase then flows towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises towards the overflow of hydrocyclone.
  • a mixture of sand and a small amount of liquid and sludge is withdrawn to be at least partially recycled to reintroduce the ballast into the process.
  • a mixture of liquid, sludge and a small amount of ballast is extracted in overflow.
  • the present hydrocyclones are sensitive to the fluctuations in the concentration of suspended matter (SS) of the water to be treated.
  • SS suspended matter
  • the SS load of the water to be treated varies greatly over the course of a year.
  • the hydrocyclone then has difficulty evacuating the mixture of sludge and ballast underflow: this phenomenon is called "extrusion".
  • Part of the sludge and ballast is then discharged in overflow with the treated water which induces losses in ballast and a drop in the quality of the treated water.
  • the invention particularly aims to provide an effective solution to at least some of these different problems.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a hydrocyclone which is insensitive to fluctuations in the concentration of MES of the effluent to be treated.
  • the object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which is not very sensitive to the phenomenon of extrusion.
  • Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which induces low energy consumption, at least compared to the hydrocyclones according to the prior art.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a hydrocyclone which can operate efficiently with a low feed pressure, at least compared to the hydrocyclones of the prior art.
  • Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which is reliable and / or robust and / or simple in design.
  • the invention provides a hydrocyclone comprising:
  • a body defining a hollow interior cavity, said hollow interior cavity having an upper portion of cylindrical section extended by a lower portion of frustoconical section, the diameter of said frustoconical section decreasing in the direction of the lower portion of said body;
  • an underflow outlet for discharging said substantially separate solids from said liquid, communicating with the lower end of said interior cavity
  • an overflow outlet for discharging said liquid substantially separated from said solids, communicating with the upper end of said interior cavity
  • underflow outlet extends from the lower end of said lower portion of frusto-conical section and has a frustoconical section whose diameter increases toward the lower portion of said hydrocyclone.
  • the implementation of a frustoconical section underflow whose diameter widens towards the bottom of the hydrocyclone helps to maintain the swirling motion of the fluid.
  • a hydrocyclone according to the invention is thus less sensitive to variations in the MES concentration of the effluent to be treated.
  • the outline of said underflow comprises at least one helical groove whose winding direction is identical to the direction of winding (or circulation) of the liquid inside said internal cavity.
  • said at least one groove extends in part on the contour of said lower portion of said interior cavity.
  • said helical groove forms a hollow.
  • the groove could also project into the interior cavity.
  • the length of said underflow is greater than three times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
  • the length of said underflow will preferably be less than or equal to ten times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
  • a shorter length would limit the effect expected by the implementation of the frustoconical underflow, ie improve the liquid-solid separation and make the hydrocyclone less sensitive to changes in the concentration of MES of the effluent to be treated while reducing the supply pressure. Too long a length would however induce a significant loss of load.
  • the angle a of the frustoconical section of the underflow relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 25 °.
  • said overflow outlet comprises a frustoconical pipe which extends in the extension of said cylindrical portion and whose diameter increases in the direction of the upper part of said hydrocyclone.
  • said frustoconical tubing comprises an inlet which communicates with said internal cavity and an outlet which opens into a peripheral housing formed in said body, said overflow further comprising a discharge pipe which extends laterally to said body, said tubing discharge device comprising an inlet which communicates with said peripheral housing and an outlet which opens out of said body.
  • the overflow of the hydrocyclone is of the overflow type.
  • the liquid phase from the inner cavity flows overflow into the peripheral housing constituting a collection box before flowing thereof through the lateral discharge pipe.
  • the sludge has an anisotropic flow, that is to say it is different (direction and speed) depending on the location of the hydrocylone where this flow is measured. This results in particular from the rotational movement of the sludge inside the hydrocyclone and the nature of the sludge (layers not perfectly homogeneous). If the evacuation was different from an overflow (eg a pipe), the flow would then be forced and would strongly constrain the vortex that one wishes to maintain.
  • the overflow box (overflow collection box) therefore makes it possible not to constrain the flow.
  • the angle ⁇ of the frustoconical tubing of the overflow relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 30 °.
  • said inlet comprises an inlet pipe which extends along a spiral about the longitudinal axis of said body.
  • said inlet pipe extends along said spiral over a length between 1 ⁇ 2 and 3 ⁇ 4 of a turn of said body.
  • said inlet pipe extends inclined downwards from said body.
  • the angle of inclination of said inlet pipe with respect to the transverse axis of said body is less than or equal to 30 °.
  • connection of said inlet pipe to said cylindrical portion of said inner cavity is made tangentially. This allows the mixture to be pressed against the peripheral wall of the internal cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, to improve the liquid-solid separation and to reduce the supply pressure.
  • the section of said inlet pipe gradually decreases in the direction of said cylindrical portion.
  • the largest section of said inlet pipe is between 30 and 50% of the section of said cylindrical portion, and the smallest section of said inlet pipe is between 20 and 30% of the section. of said cylindrical portion.
  • said inlet pipe has a circular section, the connection of said inlet pipe to said cylindrical portion of said inner cavity being made elliptically.
  • This also contributes to pressing the mixture against the peripheral wall of the interior cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, to improve the liquid-solid separation and to reduce the supply pressure.
  • the ratio between the small radius and the large radius of said elliptical shaped connection is between 1 and 2.
  • the passage of the circular section of said inlet tube to the elliptical shape of the connection thereof to said cylindrical portion of the inner cavity is progressively made.
  • the upper contour of said cylindrical portion of said internal cavity extends in a helical manner with a direction of winding identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside said internal cavity.
  • said upper contour of said cylindrical portion of said interior cavity helically extends from the top to the bottom of said elliptical shaped connection.
  • said hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting operating water into said internal cavity, at the junction between said frustoconical lower portion and said underflow.
  • Such injection means can act as a fuse if, in an extreme case, the hydrocyclone was to close it.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of a hydrocyclone according to the invention
  • - Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view along a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone and the axis of the discharge pipe of a hydrocyclone according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic partial view of the inner contour of the inlet pipe and the upper portion of cylindrical section of a hydrocyclone according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view from above of the inlet pipe and of the upper portion of cylindrical section of a hydrocyclone according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a view from above of a hydrocyclone according to the invention, the upper part of which has been removed;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a side view in transparency of the underflow of a hydrocyclone according to the invention
  • Figure 7 illustrates a front view of a variant of a hydrocyclone according to the invention, the inlet pipe is inclined.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 an example of a hydrocyclone according to the invention is presented.
  • such a hydrocyclone comprises a body 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis.
  • This body 10 comprises a hollow interior cavity 11.
  • This hollow interior cavity 11 comprises:
  • the frustoconical section here is the trunk of a cone of revolution. Its diameter tends to decrease towards the bottom of the hydrocyclone.
  • the hydrocyclone comprises an inlet 12 for a mixture of liquid and solid, for example a mixture of water, sludge and ballast.
  • This inlet 12 comprises an inlet pipe 120.
  • the axis of this inlet pipe 120 is inclined downwards relative to a transverse axis of the body of the hydrocyclone, that is to say with respect to an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10, an angle ⁇ less than or equal to 30 ° (see Figure 7).
  • the inlet of this pipe 120 is thus higher than its outlet. In a variant, it may not be inclined (see Figures 1 and 2). In this case, it will extend along an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10.
  • the inlet pipe 120 forms a spiral around the longitudinal axis of the body 10. This spiral extends over between 1 ⁇ 2 and 3 ⁇ 4 of the periphery of the body 10.
  • the connection 17 of the inlet pipe 120 to the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 10 is made tangentially.
  • the section of the inlet pipe 120 gradually decreases towards the cylindrical portion 110.
  • the largest section of the inlet manifold i.e. the section of its inlet, is between 30 and 50% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110, and the smallest section of the tubing of the inlet 120 is between 20 and 30% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110.
  • the inlet pipe 120 has a circular section. Its connection to the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 10 is preferably made elliptically. In other words, the connection 17 has the shape of an ellipse.
  • the ratio between the small radius and the large radius of the elliptically shaped connection 17 between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110 is between 1 and 2.
  • the upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 11 extends helically with a direction of winding identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11, and preferably from the top 171 down to the bottom 172 of the elliptical shaped connection 17 between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110.
  • the hydrocyclone comprises an underflow outlet 13 for discharging the solids essentially separated from the liquid of the mixture introduced into the hydrocyclone via the inlet pipe 120.
  • This underflow 13 communicates with the lower end of the inner cavity 11, plus precisely with the lower end of the frustoconical portion 111.
  • the underflow outlet 13 extends from the lower end of the lower portion of frustoconical section 111. It has a frustoconical section 130 whose diameter increases towards the lower part of the hydrocyclone.
  • This frustoconical portion is in this embodiment the trunk of a cone of revolution. It opens out of the body 10.
  • the length L of the underflow 13 is greater than three times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow outlet of the hydrocyclone.
  • the angle ⁇ of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13 with respect to its longitudinal or revolving axis is between 10 and 25 °.
  • the underflow 13 comprises at least one helical groove 14 whose winding direction is identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11, that is to say the liquid mixture composed of solids and liquid which is introduced inside the hydrocyclone.
  • the number of grooves will preferably be even. It may for example be equal to two or four.
  • the grooves will be uniformly distributed at the periphery of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13.
  • the groove or grooves will preferably be hollowed out on the surface of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13. Alternatively, they may protrude on the surface of the frustoconical section of the underflow, that is to say forming an extra thickness inside the underflow 13.
  • the groove or grooves 14 extend in part over the contour of the lower portion of the inner cavity.
  • the hydrocyclone comprises an overflow outlet 15 for discharging the liquid essentially separated from the solids of the mixture introduced into the hydrocyclone via the inlet manifold.
  • This overflow communicates with the upper end of the inner cavity 11, more precisely with the upper end of the cylindrical upper portion 110.
  • the overflow outlet 15 comprises a frustoconical pipe 151 which extends in the extension of the cylindrical portion 110. Its diameter increases. towards the upper part of the hydrocyclone. In this embodiment, it constitutes the trunk of a cone of revolution.
  • the frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow 15 comprises an inlet 1510 which communicates with the internal cavity 11, in this case with its cylindrical upper portion 110, and an outlet 1511 which opens into a peripheral recess 16 formed in the body 10.
  • This housing device is a collection box.
  • the overflow 15 further comprises a discharge pipe 152 which extends laterally to the body 10 along an axis substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10.
  • This lateral evacuation pipe 152 comprises an inlet 1521 which communicates with the housing 16 and an outlet 1522 which opens out of the body 10.
  • the overflow 15 is an overflow overflow to the extent that the liquid from the frustoconical pipe 151 overflows into the peripheral housing 16 and flows into the discharge pipe 152 .
  • the angle of the frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow relative to its longitudinal or revolving axis is between 10 and 30 °.
  • the hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting operating water into the internal cavity, at the junction between the frustoconical lower portion and the underflow.
  • injection means may for example comprise a service water injection pipe 60.
  • a hydrocyclone according to the invention can conventionally be used to carry out the separation of a liquid phase and a solid phase from a mixture, such as for example a mixture of water and sludge containing ballast. .
  • a mixture such as for example a mixture of water and sludge containing ballast.
  • such a mixture is introduced inside the hydrocyclone via the inlet pipe 120 at a low pressure preferably between 0.3 and 1.5 bar.
  • the inlet manifold is inclined towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
  • the fluid is thus oriented as it enters the hydrocyclone in the direction of its flow inside the inner cavity 11 of the hydrocyclone. This further reduces the supply pressure by avoiding the "dead volume" at the top of the internal cavity that traps solid and adversely affect the quality of the separation.
  • the fluid enters the interior of the cylindrical upper portion 110 through the elliptical shaped connection between the inlet manifold 120 and the cylindrical upper section.
  • this connection is made tangentially to the inner peripheral contour of the upper cylindrical portion 110. Because of the geometric characteristics of this connection, the solids and the liquid remain plated near the inner wall of the inner cavity 11 as soon as they entry into it.
  • the fluid flows along the upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 11 which extends helically with a direction of winding identical to the direction of flow of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11 from the top to the bottom of the elliptical shaped connection between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110. This makes it possible to avoid the dead zones in the upper region of the cylindrical upper portion 110, to cause the fluid to flow towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone and to reduce the supply pressure.
  • the fluid continues to flow inside the inner cavity 11 passing through the frustoconical lower portion 111.
  • the solid phase then flows to the underflow 13 of the hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises to the overflow 15 of the hydrocyclone.
  • the solid phase flows from the frustoconical lower section 111 towards the underflow 13. It then flows along the grooves 14 which extend over the peripheral contour of the lower region of the frustoconical section 111.
  • the implementation of the grooves 14 in this zone makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid and to reduce the sensitivity of the hydrocyclone to the load in MES of the mixture introduced into it.
  • the solid part of the fluid flows inside the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13.
  • the implementation of a frustoconical section underflow whose diameter widens downwards makes it possible to avoid the induced flows therefrom. which makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid inside the hydrocyclone. This reduces the supply pressure.
  • Grooving 14 inside the frusto-conical section 130 makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid and consequently to make the hydrocyclone less sensitive to the change in the charge in MES of the mixture introduced into it.
  • the liquid phase rises inside the interior cavity 11, passing from the frustoconical lower portion 111 to the cylindrical upper portion 110 and then to the frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow 15.
  • the implementation of the frustoconical tubing 151 whose diameter widens upwards keeps the anisotropy of the flow overflow. This keeps the rotation of the fluid. This also reduces the supply pressure.
  • the liquid then overflows from the upper part of the frustoconical pipe 151 inside the peripheral housing 16. It then flows from the peripheral housing 16 inside the evacuation pipe 152.
  • the technique according to the invention makes it possible to facilitate the rotation of the fluid inside the hydrocyclone and to maintain this rotation by the implementation, independently or in combination:
  • the technique according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the supply pressure of the hydrocyclone by the implementation, independently or in combination: of the spiral-shaped inlet pipe;
  • the technique according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the hydrocyclone to the variations in MES charge of the mixture introduced inside thereof and thus to limit the phenomenon of bottlenecks of the underflow, by the implementation of , independently or in combination:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydrocyclone which includes: a body (10) defining a hollow inner recess (11), said hollow inner recess (11) having an upper portion having a cylindrical cross-section (110) extended by a lower portion having a frusto-conical cross-section (111), the diameter of said frusto-conical cross-section (111) decreasing towards the lower portion of said body (10); an intake (12) for a mixture of liquid and solids leading into said cylindrical portion (110); an underflow outlet (13), for discharging said solids essentially separated from said liquid, wherein said underflow outlet is in communication with the lower end of said inner recess (11); an overflow outlet (15), for discharging said liquid essentially separated from said solids, wherein said overflow outlet is in communication with the upper end of said inner recess (11). Said overflow outlet (13) extends from the lower end of said lower portion having a frusto-conical cross-section (111) and has a frusto-conical cross-section, the diameter of which increases towards the lower portion of said hydrocyclone.

Description

Hydrocyclone anti-boudinage  Anti-coil hydrocyclone
1. Domaine de l'invention 1. Field of the invention
Le domaine de l'invention est celui de la conception et de la fabrication des hydrocyclones classiquement mis en œuvre dans le secteur du traitement des effluents afin de séparer la phase liquide et la phase solide d'un mélange.  The field of the invention is that of the design and manufacture of hydrocyclones conventionally used in the effluent treatment sector in order to separate the liquid phase and the solid phase of a mixture.
2. Art antérieur  2. Prior Art
Les hydrocyclones sont couramment mis en œuvre au cours du traitement de certains effluents afin de procéder à une séparation liquide-solide.  Hydrocyclones are commonly used during the treatment of certain effluents in order to proceed to a liquid-solid separation.
La Demanderesse utilise des hydrocyclones lors de la mise en œuvre par exemple de son procédé commercialisé sous le nom d'Actiflo® pour le traitement de l'eau. Ces mêmes hydrocyclones sont utilisés dans d'autres procédés de traitement d'eau ou d'effluents industriels. The Applicant uses hydrocyclones in the example implementation of the process marketed under the name of Actiflo ® for the treatment of water. These same hydrocyclones are used in other water treatment processes or industrial effluents.
Un procédé de traitement d'eau du type d'Actiflo® comprend une étape de floculation lestée au cours de laquelle l'eau préalablement coagulée et/ou floculée est mise en contact avec du lest, tel que du microsable, afin de faire décanter rapidement les flocs qu'elle contient lors d'une étape ultérieure de décantation. A water treatment process of the Actiflo ® type comprises a weighted flocculation step during which the previously coagulated and / or flocculated water is brought into contact with ballast, such as microsand, in order to decant rapidly. the flocs it contains during a subsequent decantation step.
Cette étape de décantation conduit à la production d'une eau au moins en partie traitée et d'un mélange de boues de décantation et de lest.  This decantation step leads to the production of at least partially treated water and a mixture of sludge and ballast.
Dans le but de maintenir le niveau de performance d'un procédé de traitement de ce type, la concentration en lest doit être conservée essentiellement constante au cours du traitement.  In order to maintain the performance level of such a treatment process, the ballast concentration must be kept substantially constant during the course of treatment.
Pour garantir le maintien du niveau de performance tout en limitant la consommation en lest et ainsi réduire les coûts d'exploitation, le lest est recyclé au cours du traitement. Pour cela, le mélange de boues et de lest est acheminé vers un hydrocyclone à l'intérieur duquel la phase solide composée de lest est essentiellement séparée de la phase liquide.  To guarantee the maintenance of the level of performance while limiting the ballast consumption and thus reducing operating costs, the ballast is recycled during the treatment. For this, the mixture of sludge and ballast is conveyed to a hydrocyclone inside which the solid phase composed of ballast is essentially separated from the liquid phase.
Le mélange de liquide, de boues et de lest est introduit sous pression latéralement à l'intérieur du corps de l'hydrocyclone qui présente une cavité intérieure de forme cylindro-tronconique dont le diamètre diminue vers la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. Sous l'effet de la pression d'alimentation, il se créé à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure un vortex tendant à plaquer la phase solide contre la paroi périphérique de la cavité. La phase solide s'écoule alors vers la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone alors que la phase liquide remonte vers la surverse de l'hydrocyclone. The mixture of liquid, sludge and ballast is introduced under pressure laterally inside the body of the hydrocyclone which has a cylindro-frustoconical internal cavity whose diameter decreases towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone. Under the effect of the supply pressure, a vortex is created inside the internal cavity tending to press the solid phase against the peripheral wall of the cavity. The solid phase then flows towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises towards the overflow of hydrocyclone.
Un mélange de sable et d'une faible quantité de liquide et de boues est extrait en sousverse en vue d'être au moins en partie recyclé afin de réintroduire le lest dans le procédé. Un mélange de liquide, de boues et d'une faible quantité de lest est extrait en surverse.  A mixture of sand and a small amount of liquid and sludge is withdrawn to be at least partially recycled to reintroduce the ballast into the process. A mixture of liquid, sludge and a small amount of ballast is extracted in overflow.
La mise en œuvre de tels hydrocyclones permet de récupérer de manière efficace le lest en vue de le recycler dans le procédé. Leur mise en œuvre concourt ainsi à réduire la consommation en lest ainsi que les coûts inhérents à celle-ci.  The use of such hydrocyclones makes it possible to efficiently recover the ballast with a view to recycling it in the process. Their implementation thus contributes to reducing the ballast consumption as well as the costs inherent to it.
Pour assurer une séparation efficace de la phase liquide et de la phase solide du mélange d'eau, de boues et de lest, celui-ci doit être introduit dans l'hydrocyclone avec une forte pression généralement de l'ordre de 2 bars. Il est pour cela nécessaire d'employer des pompes de puissance élevée. De telles pompes sont toutefois énergivores.  To ensure effective separation of the liquid phase and the solid phase of the mixture of water, sludge and ballast, it must be introduced into the hydrocyclone with a high pressure generally of the order of 2 bars. It is necessary for that to use high power pumps. Such pumps, however, are energy-consuming.
Par ailleurs, les hydrocyclones actuels sont sensibles aux fluctuations de concentration en Matières En Suspensions (MES) des eaux à traiter. Pourtant, la charge en MES des eaux à traiter varie fortement au cours d'une année. Durant les périodes au cours desquelles les eaux à traiter présentent une concentration en MES élevée, la sousverse de l'hydrocycle peut avoir tendance à s'engorger. L'hydrocyclone a alors des difficultés à évacuer le mélange de boues et de lest en sousverse : ce phénomène est appelé « boudinage ». Une partie des boues et du lest est alors évacuée en surverse avec l'eau traitée ce qui induit des pertes en lest et une baisse de la qualité de l'eau traitée.  In addition, the present hydrocyclones are sensitive to the fluctuations in the concentration of suspended matter (SS) of the water to be treated. However, the SS load of the water to be treated varies greatly over the course of a year. During the periods during which the waters to be treated have a high concentration of SS, the underflow of the hydrocyclic can tend to become engorged. The hydrocyclone then has difficulty evacuating the mixture of sludge and ballast underflow: this phenomenon is called "extrusion". Part of the sludge and ballast is then discharged in overflow with the treated water which induces losses in ballast and a drop in the quality of the treated water.
3. Objectifs de l'invention  3. Objectives of the invention
L'invention a notamment pour objectif d'apporter une solution efficace à au moins certains de ces différents problèmes.  The invention particularly aims to provide an effective solution to at least some of these different problems.
En particulier, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, un objectif de l'invention est de fournir un hydrocyclone qui soit peu sensible aux fluctuations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter.  In particular, according to at least one embodiment, an object of the invention is to provide a hydrocyclone which is insensitive to fluctuations in the concentration of MES of the effluent to be treated.
Notamment, l'invention a pour objectif, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir un tel hydrocyclone qui soit peu sensible au phénomène de boudinage.  In particular, the object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which is not very sensitive to the phenomenon of extrusion.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir un tel hydrocyclone qui induise une consommation en énergie faible, à tout le moins comparativement aux hydrocyclones selon l'art antérieur. Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which induces low energy consumption, at least compared to the hydrocyclones according to the prior art.
En particulier, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, un objectif de l'invention est de fournir un hydrocyclone qui puisse fonctionner de manière efficace avec une pression d'alimentation faible, à tout le moins comparativement aux hydrocyclones de l'art antérieur.  In particular, according to at least one embodiment, an object of the invention is to provide a hydrocyclone which can operate efficiently with a low feed pressure, at least compared to the hydrocyclones of the prior art.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est, selon au moins un mode de réalisation, de fournir un tel hydrocyclone qui soit fiable et/ou robuste et/ou simple de conception.  Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a hydrocyclone which is reliable and / or robust and / or simple in design.
4. Présentation de l'invention  4. Presentation of the invention
Pour ceci, l'invention propose un hydrocyclone comprenant :  For this, the invention provides a hydrocyclone comprising:
un corps définissant une cavité intérieure creuse, ladite cavité intérieure creuse présentant une portion supérieure de section cylindrique prolongée par une portion inférieure de section tronconique, le diamètre de ladite section tronconique diminuant en direction de la partie inférieure dudit corps ;  a body defining a hollow interior cavity, said hollow interior cavity having an upper portion of cylindrical section extended by a lower portion of frustoconical section, the diameter of said frustoconical section decreasing in the direction of the lower portion of said body;
une entrée pour un mélange de liquide et de solides débouchant dans ladite portion cylindrique ;  an inlet for a mixture of liquid and solids opening into said cylindrical portion;
une sortie de sousverse, pour l'évacuation desdits solides essentiellement séparés dudit liquide, communiquant avec l'extrémité inférieure de ladite cavité intérieure ;  an underflow outlet, for discharging said substantially separate solids from said liquid, communicating with the lower end of said interior cavity;
une sortie de surverse, pour l'évacuation dudit liquide essentiellement séparé desdits solides, communiquant avec l'extrémité supérieure de ladite cavité intérieure ;  an overflow outlet, for discharging said liquid substantially separated from said solids, communicating with the upper end of said interior cavity;
dans lequel ladite sortie de sousverse s'étend depuis l'extrémité inférieure de ladite portion inférieure de section tronconique et présente une section tronconique dont le diamètre croît en direction de la partie inférieure dudit hydrocyclone. wherein said underflow outlet extends from the lower end of said lower portion of frusto-conical section and has a frustoconical section whose diameter increases toward the lower portion of said hydrocyclone.
Ainsi, selon cet aspect de l'invention, la mise en œuvre d'une sousverse de section tronconique dont le diamètre s'élargit vers le bas de l'hydrocyclone aide à conserver le mouvement tourbillonnant du fluide.  Thus, according to this aspect of the invention, the implementation of a frustoconical section underflow whose diameter widens towards the bottom of the hydrocyclone helps to maintain the swirling motion of the fluid.
Ceci participe à favoriser la séparation des phases liquide et solide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone et à limiter le phénomène d'engorgement de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. Un hydrocyclone selon l'invention est ainsi moins sensible aux variations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter. This helps to promote the separation of the liquid and solid phases inside the hydrocyclone and to limit the phenomenon of waterlogging. underflow of the hydrocyclone. A hydrocyclone according to the invention is thus less sensitive to variations in the MES concentration of the effluent to be treated.
Ceci permet également de réduire la pression d'alimentation tout en conservant un bon niveau de séparation de la phase liquide et de la phase solide d'un mélange. On réduit de ce fait la consommation en énergie ainsi que le coût inhérent à la mise en œuvre d'une séparation liquide-solide par hydrocyclonage.  This also reduces the supply pressure while maintaining a good level of separation of the liquid phase and the solid phase of a mixture. This reduces the energy consumption and the cost of implementing a liquid-solid separation by hydrocycloning.
Selon une variante, le contour de ladite sousverse comprend au moins une rainure hélicoïdale dont le sens d'enroulement est identique au sens d'enroulement (ou de circulation) du liquide à l'intérieur de ladite cavité intérieure.  According to a variant, the outline of said underflow comprises at least one helical groove whose winding direction is identical to the direction of winding (or circulation) of the liquid inside said internal cavity.
La mise en œuvre d'une telle rainure permet d'entretenir la rotation du fluide dans la partie inférieure de l'hydrocyclone. Ceci participe à éviter l'engorgement de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone et à le rendre moins sensible aux variations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter  The implementation of such a groove makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid in the lower part of the hydrocyclone. This helps to avoid clogging of the hydrocyclone underflow and to make it less sensitive to changes in the concentration of MES of the effluent to be treated.
Selon une variante, ladite au moins une rainure se prolonge en partie sur le contour de ladite portion inférieure de ladite cavité intérieure.  According to a variant, said at least one groove extends in part on the contour of said lower portion of said interior cavity.
Ceci permet également d'entretenir la rotation du fluide dans la partie inférieure de l'hydrocyclone, et participe à éviter l'engorgement de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone et à le rendre moins sensible aux variations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter  This also makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid in the lower part of the hydrocyclone, and helps to avoid clogging the underflow of the hydrocyclone and to make it less sensitive to changes in the concentration of MES of the effluent at treat
Selon une variante, ladite rainure hélicoïdale forme un creux.  According to a variant, said helical groove forms a hollow.
Ceci permet d'assurer un bon guidage de fluide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone. Dans une variante, la rainure pourrait également former saillie à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure.  This ensures a good fluid guide inside the hydrocyclone. Alternatively, the groove could also project into the interior cavity.
Selon une variante, la longueur de ladite sousverse est supérieure au triple du diamètre de la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique de la cavité intérieure et la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone.  According to one variant, the length of said underflow is greater than three times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
La longueur de ladite sousverse sera préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à dix fois le diamètre de la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique de la cavité intérieure et la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. Une longueur plus courte conduirait à limiter l'effet escompté par la mise en œuvre de la sousverse tronconique, à savoir améliorer la séparation liquide-solide et rendre moins sensible l'hydrocyclone aux variations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter tout en réduisant la pression d'alimentation. Une longueur trop importante induirait toutefois une perte de charge importante. The length of said underflow will preferably be less than or equal to ten times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow of the hydrocyclone. A shorter length would limit the effect expected by the implementation of the frustoconical underflow, ie improve the liquid-solid separation and make the hydrocyclone less sensitive to changes in the concentration of MES of the effluent to be treated while reducing the supply pressure. Too long a length would however induce a significant loss of load.
Selon une variante, l'angle a de la section tronconique de la sousverse par rapport à son axe de révolution est compris entre 10 et 25°.  According to a variant, the angle a of the frustoconical section of the underflow relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 25 °.
Selon une variante, ladite sortie de surverse comprend une tubulure tronconique qui s'étend dans le prolongement de ladite portion cylindrique et dont le diamètre croît en direction de la partie supérieure dudit hydrocyclone.  According to a variant, said overflow outlet comprises a frustoconical pipe which extends in the extension of said cylindrical portion and whose diameter increases in the direction of the upper part of said hydrocyclone.
Cela participe à réduire la pression d'alimentation et à entretenir la rotation du fluide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone.  This helps reduce the supply pressure and maintain fluid rotation inside the hydrocyclone.
Selon une variante, ladite tubulure tronconique comprend une entrée qui communique avec ladite cavité intérieure et une sortie qui débouche dans un logement périphérique ménagé dans ledit corps, ladite surverse comprenant en outre une tubulure d'évacuation qui s'étend latéralement audit corps, ladite tubulure d'évacuation comprenant une entrée qui communique avec ledit logement périphérique et une sortie qui débouche en dehors dudit corps.  According to a variant, said frustoconical tubing comprises an inlet which communicates with said internal cavity and an outlet which opens into a peripheral housing formed in said body, said overflow further comprising a discharge pipe which extends laterally to said body, said tubing discharge device comprising an inlet which communicates with said peripheral housing and an outlet which opens out of said body.
Selon cette variante, la surverse de l'hydrocyclone est du type à débordement. En effet, la phase liquide provenant de la cavité intérieure s'écoule par débordement dans le logement périphérique constituant une boite de collecte avant de s'écouler de celle-ci à travers la tubulure d'évacuation latérale. Ceci permet de conserver l'anisotropie et donc la rotation de l'écoulement en surverse. Les boues ont un écoulement anisotropique, c'est-à- dire qu'il est différent (sens et vitesse) en fonction de l'endroit de l'hydrocylone où l'on mesure cet écoulement. Ceci résulte notamment du mouvement de rotation des boues à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone et de la nature des boues (couches pas parfaitement homogènes). Si l'évacuation était différente d'un débordement (par exemple une conduite), l'écoulement serait alors forcé et viendrait fortement contraindre le tourbillon que l'on souhaite maintenir. La boite de débordement (boite de collecte à débordement) permet donc de ne pas contraindre l'écoulement. According to this variant, the overflow of the hydrocyclone is of the overflow type. Indeed, the liquid phase from the inner cavity flows overflow into the peripheral housing constituting a collection box before flowing thereof through the lateral discharge pipe. This makes it possible to preserve the anisotropy and thus the rotation of the overflow flow. The sludge has an anisotropic flow, that is to say it is different (direction and speed) depending on the location of the hydrocylone where this flow is measured. This results in particular from the rotational movement of the sludge inside the hydrocyclone and the nature of the sludge (layers not perfectly homogeneous). If the evacuation was different from an overflow (eg a pipe), the flow would then be forced and would strongly constrain the vortex that one wishes to maintain. The overflow box (overflow collection box) therefore makes it possible not to constrain the flow.
Selon une variante, l'angle β de la tubulure tronconique de la surverse par rapport à son axe de révolution est compris entre 10 et 30°.  According to one variant, the angle β of the frustoconical tubing of the overflow relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 30 °.
Ceci permet d'obtenir une faible perte de charge de la surverse tout en maintenant le mouvement de rotation.  This allows to obtain a low pressure drop of the overflow while maintaining the rotational movement.
Selon une variante, ladite entrée comprend une tubulure d'entrée qui s'étend le long d'une spirale autour de l'axe longitudinal dudit corps.  According to a variant, said inlet comprises an inlet pipe which extends along a spiral about the longitudinal axis of said body.
Ceci permet d'augmenter la vitesse d'entrée du mélange à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure et d'augmenter l'effet centrifuge. A contrario, pour un niveau d'effet centrifuge équivalent, le débit et la pression d'alimentation peuvent être réduits. This makes it possible to increase the speed of entry of the mixture into the interior cavity and to increase the centrifugal effect. On the other hand, for an equivalent centrifugal effect level, the flow rate and the supply pressure can be reduced.
Selon une variante, ladite tubulure d'entrée s'étend le long de ladite spirale sur une longueur comprise entre ½ et ¾ de tour dudit corps.  According to a variant, said inlet pipe extends along said spiral over a length between ½ and ¾ of a turn of said body.
Cela permet de conférer un bon niveau d'accélération de la vitesse du mélange de liquide et de solide et d'augmenter l'effet centrifuge à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone.  This makes it possible to confer a good level of acceleration of the speed of the mixture of liquid and solid and to increase the centrifugal effect inside the hydrocyclone.
Selon une variante, ladite tubulure d'entrée s'étend de manière inclinée vers le bas dudit corps.  According to a variant, said inlet pipe extends inclined downwards from said body.
Ceci permet d'orienter le mélange vers la sousverse dès son entrée dans l'hydrocyclone. On favorise ainsi la circulation des solides vers la partie inférieure de l'hydrocyclone ce qui réduit la pression d'alimentation sans nuire à la séparation liquide solide.  This makes it possible to direct the mixture towards the underflow as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone. This promotes the circulation of solids to the lower part of the hydrocyclone which reduces the supply pressure without harming the solid liquid separation.
Selon une variante, l'angle d'inclinaison de ladite tubulure d'entrée par rapport à l'axe transversal dudit corps est inférieur ou égal à 30°.  According to a variant, the angle of inclination of said inlet pipe with respect to the transverse axis of said body is less than or equal to 30 °.
Selon une variante, le raccordement de ladite tubulure d'entrée à ladite portion cylindrique de ladite cavité intérieure est réalisé de manière tangentielle. Ceci permet de plaquer le mélange contre la paroi périphérique de la cavité intérieure dès son entrée dans l'hydrocyclone, d'améliorer la séparation liquide-solide et de diminuer la pression d'alimentation. According to a variant, the connection of said inlet pipe to said cylindrical portion of said inner cavity is made tangentially. This allows the mixture to be pressed against the peripheral wall of the internal cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, to improve the liquid-solid separation and to reduce the supply pressure.
Selon une variante, la section de ladite tubulure d'entrée diminue progressivement en direction de ladite portion cylindrique.  According to a variant, the section of said inlet pipe gradually decreases in the direction of said cylindrical portion.
Ceci permet d'accélérer l'écoulement du mélange et participe à plaquer le mélange contre la paroi périphérique de la cavité intérieure dès son entrée dans l'hydrocyclone, d'améliorer la séparation liquide-solide et de diminuer la pression d'alimentation.  This makes it possible to accelerate the flow of the mixture and contributes to pressing the mixture against the peripheral wall of the internal cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, to improve the liquid-solid separation and to reduce the supply pressure.
Selon une variante, la plus grande section de ladite tubulure d'entrée est comprise entre 30 et 50 % de la section de ladite portion cylindrique, et la plus petite section de ladite tubulure d'entrée est comprise entre 20 et 30 % de la section de ladite portion cylindrique.  According to a variant, the largest section of said inlet pipe is between 30 and 50% of the section of said cylindrical portion, and the smallest section of said inlet pipe is between 20 and 30% of the section. of said cylindrical portion.
Selon une variante, ladite tubulure d'entrée présente une section circulaire, le raccordement de ladite tubulure d'entrée à ladite portion cylindrique de ladite cavité intérieure étant réalisé de manière elliptique.  According to a variant, said inlet pipe has a circular section, the connection of said inlet pipe to said cylindrical portion of said inner cavity being made elliptically.
Ceci participe également à plaquer le mélange contre la paroi périphérique de la cavité intérieure dès son entrée dans l'hydrocyclone, à améliorer la séparation liquide-solide et à diminuer la pression d'alimentation.  This also contributes to pressing the mixture against the peripheral wall of the interior cavity as soon as it enters the hydrocyclone, to improve the liquid-solid separation and to reduce the supply pressure.
Selon une variante, le rapport entre le petit rayon et le grand rayon dudit raccordement de forme elliptique est compris entre 1 et 2.  According to one variant, the ratio between the small radius and the large radius of said elliptical shaped connection is between 1 and 2.
Selon une variante, le passage de la section circulaire de ladite tubulure d'entrée à la forme elliptique du raccordement de celle-ci à ladite portion cylindrique de la cavité intérieure se fait de manière progressive.  According to a variant, the passage of the circular section of said inlet tube to the elliptical shape of the connection thereof to said cylindrical portion of the inner cavity is progressively made.
Ceci participe à réduire la pression d'alimentation de l'hydrocyclone.  This helps to reduce the supply pressure of the hydrocyclone.
Selon une variante, le contour supérieur de ladite portion cylindrique de ladite cavité intérieure s'étend de manière hélicoïdale avec un sens d'enroulement identique au sens de circulation du liquide à l'intérieur de ladite cavité intérieure. Ceci permet d'entretenir la mise en rotation du fluide dès l'entrée à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone, d'orienter l'écoulement vers la sousverse et d'éliminer le volume mort en haut de la partie cylindrique, et ainsi de favoriser la séparation des phases liquide et solide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone et de limiter le phénomène d'engorgement de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. L'hydrocyclone est ainsi moins sensibles aux variations de concentration en MES de l'effluent à traiter. Ceci permet également de réduire la pression d'alimentation de l'hydrocyclone. According to a variant, the upper contour of said cylindrical portion of said internal cavity extends in a helical manner with a direction of winding identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside said internal cavity. This makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid as soon as it enters the interior of the hydrocyclone, to direct the flow towards the underflow and to eliminate the dead volume at the top of the cylindrical part, and thus to to promote the separation of the liquid and solid phases inside the hydrocyclone and to limit the phenomenon of clogging of the underflow of the hydrocyclone. The hydrocyclone is thus less sensitive to variations in the MES concentration of the effluent to be treated. This also reduces the supply pressure of the hydrocyclone.
Selon une variante, ledit contour supérieur de ladite portion cylindrique de ladite cavité intérieure s'étend de manière hélicoïdale depuis le haut jusqu'au bas dudit raccordement de forme elliptique.  Alternatively, said upper contour of said cylindrical portion of said interior cavity helically extends from the top to the bottom of said elliptical shaped connection.
Ceci permet de maximiser les effets de la mise en œuvre du contour supérieur de la cavité intérieure de forme hélicoïdale.  This maximizes the effects of the implementation of the upper contour of the helical inner cavity.
Selon une variante, ledit hydrocyclone comprend des moyens d'injection d'eau de service dans ladite cavité intérieure, à la jonction entre ladite portion inférieure tronconique et ladite sousverse.  According to a variant, said hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting operating water into said internal cavity, at the junction between said frustoconical lower portion and said underflow.
De tels moyens d'injection peuvent agir comme un fusible si, dans un cas extrême, l'hydrocyclone venait à sa boucher.  Such injection means can act as a fuse if, in an extreme case, the hydrocyclone was to close it.
5. Liste des figures  5. List of figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation particulier, donné à titre de simple exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :  Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment, given by way of a simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings in which:
la figure 1 illustre une vue de face d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention ; - la figure 2 illustre une vue en coupe selon un plan passant par l'axe longitudinal de l'hydrocyclone et l'axe de la tubulure d'évacuation d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention ;  FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of a hydrocyclone according to the invention; - Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view along a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the hydrocyclone and the axis of the discharge pipe of a hydrocyclone according to the invention;
la figure 3 illustre une vue partielle schématique du contour intérieur de la tubulure d'entrée et de la portion supérieure de section cylindrique d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention ;  3 illustrates a schematic partial view of the inner contour of the inlet pipe and the upper portion of cylindrical section of a hydrocyclone according to the invention;
la figure 4 illustre une vue schématique de dessus de la tubulure d'entrée et de la portion supérieure de section cylindrique d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention ; FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view from above of the inlet pipe and of the upper portion of cylindrical section of a hydrocyclone according to the invention;
la figure 5 illustre une vue de dessus d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention dont la partie supérieure a été ôtée ;  FIG. 5 illustrates a view from above of a hydrocyclone according to the invention, the upper part of which has been removed;
la figure 6 illustre une vue de côté en transparence de la sousverse d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention ;  FIG. 6 illustrates a side view in transparency of the underflow of a hydrocyclone according to the invention;
la figure 7 illustre une vue de face d'une variante d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention dont la tubulure d'entrée est inclinée.  Figure 7 illustrates a front view of a variant of a hydrocyclone according to the invention, the inlet pipe is inclined.
6. Description d'un mode de réalisation particulier  6. Description of a particular embodiment
6.1. Architecture  6.1. Architecture
On présente, en relation avec les figures 1 à 7, un exemple d'un hydrocyclone selon l'invention.  With reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, an example of a hydrocyclone according to the invention is presented.
Ainsi que cela est représenté sur ces figures, un tel hydrocyclone comprend un corps 10 qui s'étend le long d'un axe longitudinal. Ce corps 10 comprend une cavité intérieure creuse 11.  As shown in these figures, such a hydrocyclone comprises a body 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis. This body 10 comprises a hollow interior cavity 11.
Cette cavité intérieure creuse 11 comprend :  This hollow interior cavity 11 comprises:
une portion supérieure de section cylindrique 110, et  an upper portion of cylindrical section 110, and
une position inférieure de section tronconique 111, cette portion de section tronconique étant ménagée dans le prolongement de la section cylindrique vers le bas de l'hydrocyclone.  a lower position of frustoconical section 111, this portion of frustoconical section being formed in the extension of the cylindrical section downwards of the hydrocyclone.
La section tronconique est ici le tronc d'un cône de révolution. Son diamètre tend à diminuer en direction du bas de l'hydrocyclone.  The frustoconical section here is the trunk of a cone of revolution. Its diameter tends to decrease towards the bottom of the hydrocyclone.
L'hydrocyclone comprend une entrée 12 pour un mélange de liquide et de solide, par exemple un mélange d'eau, de boues de décantation et de lest.  The hydrocyclone comprises an inlet 12 for a mixture of liquid and solid, for example a mixture of water, sludge and ballast.
Cette entrée 12 comprend une tubulure d'entrée 120. Celle-ci présente une section circulaire. L'axe de cette tubulure d'entrée 120 est incliné vers le bas par rapport à un axe transversal du corps de l'hydrocyclone, c'est-à-dire par rapport à une axe orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du corps 10, d'un angle β inférieur ou égal à 30° (cf. figure 7). L'entrée de cette tubulure 120 est ainsi plus haute que sa sortie. Dans une variante, celle-ci pourra ne pas être inclinée (cf. figures 1 et 2). Dans ce cas, elle s'étendra selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du corps 10.  This inlet 12 comprises an inlet pipe 120. This has a circular section. The axis of this inlet pipe 120 is inclined downwards relative to a transverse axis of the body of the hydrocyclone, that is to say with respect to an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10, an angle β less than or equal to 30 ° (see Figure 7). The inlet of this pipe 120 is thus higher than its outlet. In a variant, it may not be inclined (see Figures 1 and 2). In this case, it will extend along an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10.
La tubulure d'entrée 120 forme une spirale autour de l'axe longitudinal du corps 10. Cette spirale s'étend sur entre ½ et ¾ de la périphérie du corps 10. Le raccordement 17 de la tubulure d'entrée 120 à la portion cylindrique 110 de la cavité intérieure 10 est réalisé de manière tangentielle. The inlet pipe 120 forms a spiral around the longitudinal axis of the body 10. This spiral extends over between ½ and ¾ of the periphery of the body 10. The connection 17 of the inlet pipe 120 to the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 10 is made tangentially.
La section de la tubulure d'entrée 120 diminue progressivement en direction de la portion cylindrique 110.  The section of the inlet pipe 120 gradually decreases towards the cylindrical portion 110.
La plus grande section de la tubulure d'entrée, c'est-à-dire la section de son entrée, est comprise entre 30 et 50 % de la section de la portion cylindrique 110, et la plus petite section de la tubulure d'entrée 120 est comprise entre 20 et 30 % de la section de la portion cylindrique 110.  The largest section of the inlet manifold, i.e. the section of its inlet, is between 30 and 50% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110, and the smallest section of the tubing of the inlet 120 is between 20 and 30% of the section of the cylindrical portion 110.
La tubulure d'entrée 120 présente une section circulaire. Son raccordement à la portion cylindrique 110 de la cavité intérieure 10 est préférentiellement réalisé de manière elliptique. En d'autres termes, le raccordement 17 présente la forme d'une ellipse.  The inlet pipe 120 has a circular section. Its connection to the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 10 is preferably made elliptically. In other words, the connection 17 has the shape of an ellipse.
Le rapport entre le petit rayon et le grand rayon du raccordement 17 de forme elliptique entre la tubulure d'entrée 120 et la portion cylindrique 110 est compris entre 1 et 2.  The ratio between the small radius and the large radius of the elliptically shaped connection 17 between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110 is between 1 and 2.
Le passage de la section circulaire de la tubulure d'entrée 120 à la forme elliptique du raccordement de celle-ci à la portion cylindrique 110 de la cavité intérieure 11 se fait de manière progressive.  The passage from the circular section of the inlet pipe 120 to the elliptical shape of the connection thereof to the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 11 is progressively made.
Le contour supérieur 112 de la portion cylindrique 110 de la cavité intérieure 11 s'étend de manière hélicoïdale avec un sens d'enroulement identique au sens de circulation du liquide à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11, et ce préférentiellement depuis le haut 171 jusqu'au bas 172 du raccordement 17 de forme elliptique entre la tubulure d'entrée 120 et la portion cylindrique 110.  The upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 11 extends helically with a direction of winding identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11, and preferably from the top 171 down to the bottom 172 of the elliptical shaped connection 17 between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110.
L'hydrocyclone comprend une sortie de sousverse 13 pour l'évacuation des solides essentiellement séparés du liquide du mélange introduit dans l'hydrocyclone via la tubulure d'entrée 120. Cette sousverse 13 communique avec l'extrémité inférieure de la cavité intérieure 11, plus précisément avec l'extrémité inférieure de la portion tronconique 111. La sortie de sousverse 13 s'étend depuis l'extrémité inférieure de la portion inférieure de section tronconique 111. Elle présente une section tronconique 130 dont le diamètre croît en direction de la partie inférieure de l'hydrocyclone. Cette portion tronconique est dans ce mode de réalisation le tronc d'un cône de révolution. Elle débouche à l'extérieur du corps 10. The hydrocyclone comprises an underflow outlet 13 for discharging the solids essentially separated from the liquid of the mixture introduced into the hydrocyclone via the inlet pipe 120. This underflow 13 communicates with the lower end of the inner cavity 11, plus precisely with the lower end of the frustoconical portion 111. The underflow outlet 13 extends from the lower end of the lower portion of frustoconical section 111. It has a frustoconical section 130 whose diameter increases towards the lower part of the hydrocyclone. This frustoconical portion is in this embodiment the trunk of a cone of revolution. It opens out of the body 10.
La longueur L de la sousverse 13 est supérieure au triple du diamètre de la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique de la cavité intérieure et la sortie de sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. L'angle a de la section tronconique 130 de la sousverse 13 par rapport à son axe longitudinal ou de révolution est compris entre 10 et 25°.  The length L of the underflow 13 is greater than three times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity and the underflow outlet of the hydrocyclone. The angle α of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13 with respect to its longitudinal or revolving axis is between 10 and 25 °.
La sousverse 13 comprend au moins une rainure hélicoïdale 14 dont le sens d'enroulement est identique au sens de circulation du liquide à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11, c'est-à-dire du mélange liquide composé de solides et de liquide qui est introduit à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone. Le nombre de rainure sera préférentiellement pair. Il pourra par exemple être égal à deux ou à quatre. Les rainures seront réparties de manière uniforme à la périphérie de la section tronconique 130 de la sousverse 13. La ou les rainures seront préférentiellement ménagées en creux à la surface de la section tronconique 130 de la sousverse 13. De manière alternative, elles pourraient former saillie à la surface de la section tronconique de la sousverse, c'est-à-dire former une surépaisseur à l'intérieur de la sousverse 13.  The underflow 13 comprises at least one helical groove 14 whose winding direction is identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11, that is to say the liquid mixture composed of solids and liquid which is introduced inside the hydrocyclone. The number of grooves will preferably be even. It may for example be equal to two or four. The grooves will be uniformly distributed at the periphery of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13. The groove or grooves will preferably be hollowed out on the surface of the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13. Alternatively, they may protrude on the surface of the frustoconical section of the underflow, that is to say forming an extra thickness inside the underflow 13.
La ou les rainures 14 se prolongent en partie sur le contour de la portion inférieure de la cavité intérieure.  The groove or grooves 14 extend in part over the contour of the lower portion of the inner cavity.
L'hydrocyclone comprend une sortie de surverse 15 pour l'évacuation du liquide essentiellement séparé des solides du mélange introduit dans l'hydrocyclone via la tubulure d'entrée. Cette surverse communique avec l'extrémité supérieure de la cavité intérieure 11, plus précisément avec l'extrémité supérieure de la portion supérieure cylindrique 110.  The hydrocyclone comprises an overflow outlet 15 for discharging the liquid essentially separated from the solids of the mixture introduced into the hydrocyclone via the inlet manifold. This overflow communicates with the upper end of the inner cavity 11, more precisely with the upper end of the cylindrical upper portion 110.
La sortie de surverse 15 comprend une tubulure tronconique 151 qui s'étend dans le prolongement de la portion cylindrique 110. Son diamètre croît en direction de la partie supérieure de l'hydrocyclone. Elle constitue dans ce mode de réalisation le tronc d'un cône de révolution. The overflow outlet 15 comprises a frustoconical pipe 151 which extends in the extension of the cylindrical portion 110. Its diameter increases. towards the upper part of the hydrocyclone. In this embodiment, it constitutes the trunk of a cone of revolution.
La tubulure tronconique 151 de la surverse 15 comprend une entrée 1510 qui communique avec la cavité intérieure 11, en l'occurrence avec sa portion supérieure cylindrique 110, et une sortie 1511 qui débouche dans un logement périphérique 16 ménagé dans le corps 10. Ce logement périphérique constitue une boite de collecte. La surverse 15 comprend en outre une tubulure d'évacuation 152 qui s'étend latéralement au corps 10 selon un axe essentiellement orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du corps 10. Cette tubulure d'évacuation latérale 152 comprend une entrée 1521 qui communique avec le logement périphérique 16 et une sortie 1522 qui débouche en dehors du corps 10. La surverse 15 constitue une surverse à débordement dans la mesure où le liquide provenant de la tubulure tronconique 151 déborde dans le logement périphérique 16 et se déverse dans la tubulure d'évacuation 152.  The frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow 15 comprises an inlet 1510 which communicates with the internal cavity 11, in this case with its cylindrical upper portion 110, and an outlet 1511 which opens into a peripheral recess 16 formed in the body 10. This housing device is a collection box. The overflow 15 further comprises a discharge pipe 152 which extends laterally to the body 10 along an axis substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the body 10. This lateral evacuation pipe 152 comprises an inlet 1521 which communicates with the housing 16 and an outlet 1522 which opens out of the body 10. The overflow 15 is an overflow overflow to the extent that the liquid from the frustoconical pipe 151 overflows into the peripheral housing 16 and flows into the discharge pipe 152 .
L'angle de la tubulure tronconique 151 de la surverse par rapport à son axe longitudinal ou de révolution est compris entre 10 et 30°.  The angle of the frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow relative to its longitudinal or revolving axis is between 10 and 30 °.
Selon une variante, l'hydrocyclone comprend des moyens d'injection d'eau de service dans la cavité intérieure, à la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique et la sousverse. Ces moyens d'injection peuvent par exemple comprendre une canalisation d'injection d'eau de service 60.  According to one variant, the hydrocyclone comprises means for injecting operating water into the internal cavity, at the junction between the frustoconical lower portion and the underflow. These injection means may for example comprise a service water injection pipe 60.
Le fait d'injecter de l'eau de service à la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique et la sousverse peut agir comme un fusible si, dans un cas extrême, l'hydrocyclone venait à sa boucher, et ainsi permettre de le déboucher.  The fact of injecting the service water at the junction between the frustoconical lower portion and the underflow may act as a fuse if, in an extreme case, the hydrocyclone clogs it, and thus makes it possible to open it.
6.2. Fonctionnement  6.2. Operation
Un hydrocyclone selon l'invention peut classiquement être mis en œuvre pour réaliser la séparation d'une phase liquide et d'une phase solide d'un mélange, comme par exemple d'un mélange d'eau et de boues de décantation contenant du lest. Pour cela, un tel mélange est introduit à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone via la tubulure d'entrée 120 sous une faible pression préférentiellement comprise entre 0,3 et 1,5 bars. A hydrocyclone according to the invention can conventionally be used to carry out the separation of a liquid phase and a solid phase from a mixture, such as for example a mixture of water and sludge containing ballast. . For this, such a mixture is introduced inside the hydrocyclone via the inlet pipe 120 at a low pressure preferably between 0.3 and 1.5 bar.
Du fait de la forme en spirale de cette tubulure d'entrée le fluide accélère à l'intérieur de la tubulure d'entrée et l'effet centrifuge augmente. A contrario, pour un même effet centrifuge, le débit d'alimentation et la perte de charge peuvent être plus faible. Il est ainsi possible de réduire la pression d'alimentation.  Due to the spiral shape of this inlet manifold the fluid accelerates inside the inlet manifold and the centrifugal effect increases. Conversely, for the same centrifugal effect, the feed rate and the pressure drop can be lower. It is thus possible to reduce the supply pressure.
Du fait que la section de la tubulure d'entrée diminue, le fluide est accéléré, ce qui produit le même effet que celui mentionné au paragraphe précédent. L'effet centrifuge tend à plaquer les solides contre la paroi externe.  Because the section of the inlet manifold decreases, the fluid is accelerated, producing the same effect as that mentioned in the previous paragraph. The centrifugal effect tends to press the solids against the outer wall.
La tubulure d'entrée est inclinée vers la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone. Le fluide est ainsi orienté dès son entrée dans l'hydrocyclone selon le sens de son écoulement à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11 de l'hydrocyclone. Ceci permet encore de diminuer la pression d'alimentation en évitant le « volume mort » en haut de cavité interne qui piégerait du solide et nuirait à la qualité de la séparation.  The inlet manifold is inclined towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone. The fluid is thus oriented as it enters the hydrocyclone in the direction of its flow inside the inner cavity 11 of the hydrocyclone. This further reduces the supply pressure by avoiding the "dead volume" at the top of the internal cavity that traps solid and adversely affect the quality of the separation.
Le fluide pénètre à l'intérieur de la portion supérieure cylindrique 110 en passant à travers le raccordement de forme elliptique entre la tubulure d'entrée 120 et la section supérieure cylindrique. En outre, ce raccordement se fait de manière tangentielle au contour périphérique intérieur de la portion supérieure cylindrique 110. Du fait des caractéristiques géométriques de ce raccordement, les solides ainsi que le liquide restent plaqués près de la paroi intérieure de la cavité intérieure 11 dès leur entrée dans celle-ci.  The fluid enters the interior of the cylindrical upper portion 110 through the elliptical shaped connection between the inlet manifold 120 and the cylindrical upper section. In addition, this connection is made tangentially to the inner peripheral contour of the upper cylindrical portion 110. Because of the geometric characteristics of this connection, the solids and the liquid remain plated near the inner wall of the inner cavity 11 as soon as they entry into it.
Le fluide s'écoule le long du contour supérieur 112 de la portion cylindrique 110 de la cavité intérieure 11 qui s'étend de manière hélicoïdale avec un sens d'enroulement identique au sens de circulation du liquide à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11, depuis le haut jusqu'au bas du raccordement de forme elliptique entre la tubulure d'entrée 120 et la portion cylindrique 110. Ceci permet d'éviter les zones mortes dans la région supérieure de la portion supérieure cylindrique 110, d'amener le fluide à circuler en direction de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone et de réduire la pression d'alimentation. The fluid flows along the upper contour 112 of the cylindrical portion 110 of the inner cavity 11 which extends helically with a direction of winding identical to the direction of flow of the liquid inside the inner cavity 11 from the top to the bottom of the elliptical shaped connection between the inlet pipe 120 and the cylindrical portion 110. This makes it possible to avoid the dead zones in the upper region of the cylindrical upper portion 110, to cause the fluid to flow towards the underflow of the hydrocyclone and to reduce the supply pressure.
Le fluide poursuit de s'écouler à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11 en passant dans la portion inférieure tronconique 111. La phase solide s'écoule alors vers la sousverse 13 de l'hydrocyclone alors que la phase liquide remonte vers la surverse 15 de l'hydrocyclone.  The fluid continues to flow inside the inner cavity 11 passing through the frustoconical lower portion 111. The solid phase then flows to the underflow 13 of the hydrocyclone while the liquid phase rises to the overflow 15 of the hydrocyclone.
La phase solide s'écoule depuis la section inférieure tronconique 111 vers la sousverse 13. Elle s'écoule alors le long des rainures 14 qui s'étendent sur le contour périphérique de la région inférieure de la section tronconique 111. La mise en œuvre des rainures 14 dans cette zone permet d'entretenir la rotation du fluide et de diminuer la sensibilité de l'hydrocyclone à la charge en MES du mélange introduit dans celui-ci.  The solid phase flows from the frustoconical lower section 111 towards the underflow 13. It then flows along the grooves 14 which extend over the peripheral contour of the lower region of the frustoconical section 111. The implementation of the grooves 14 in this zone makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid and to reduce the sensitivity of the hydrocyclone to the load in MES of the mixture introduced into it.
La partie solide du fluide s'écoule à l'intérieur de la section tronconique 130 de la sousverse 13. La mise en œuvre d'une sousverse de section tronconique dont le diamètre s'élargit vers le bas permet d'y éviter les écoulements induits ce qui permet de maintenir la rotation du fluide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone. Ceci permet de diminuer la pression d'alimentation.  The solid part of the fluid flows inside the frustoconical section 130 of the underflow 13. The implementation of a frustoconical section underflow whose diameter widens downwards makes it possible to avoid the induced flows therefrom. which makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid inside the hydrocyclone. This reduces the supply pressure.
Le rainurage 14 à l'intérieur de la section tronconique 130 permet d'entretenir la rotation du fluide et de rendre en conséquence moins sensible l'hydrocyclone à la variation de charge en MES du mélange introduit dans celui-ci.  Grooving 14 inside the frusto-conical section 130 makes it possible to maintain the rotation of the fluid and consequently to make the hydrocyclone less sensitive to the change in the charge in MES of the mixture introduced into it.
La phase liquide remonte à l'intérieur de la cavité intérieure 11 en passant de la portion inférieure tronconique 111 à la portion supérieure cylindrique 110 puis à la tubulure tronconique 151 de la surverse 15.  The liquid phase rises inside the interior cavity 11, passing from the frustoconical lower portion 111 to the cylindrical upper portion 110 and then to the frustoconical tubing 151 of the overflow 15.
La mise en œuvre de la tubulure tronconique 151 dont le diamètre s'élargit vers le haut permet de conserver l'anisotropie de l'écoulement en surverse. Ceci permet de maintenir la rotation du fluide. Ceci permet également de diminuer la pression d'alimentation.  The implementation of the frustoconical tubing 151 whose diameter widens upwards keeps the anisotropy of the flow overflow. This keeps the rotation of the fluid. This also reduces the supply pressure.
Le liquide déborde ensuite depuis la partie supérieure de la tubulure tronconique 151 à l'intérieur du logement périphérique 16. Il s'écoule ensuite depuis le logement périphérique 16 à l'intérieur de la tubulure d'évacuation 152.  The liquid then overflows from the upper part of the frustoconical pipe 151 inside the peripheral housing 16. It then flows from the peripheral housing 16 inside the evacuation pipe 152.
Du fait que la phase liquide déborde depuis la tubulure tronconique 151 à l'intérieur du logement périphérique 16, permet de maintenir une hauteur d'eau faible et constante dans la surverse, et ainsi de ne pas contraindre l'écoulement en sousverse. Because the liquid phase overflows from the frustoconical tubing 151 inside the peripheral housing 16, maintains a water height low and constant in the overflow, and so not to constrain the flow underflow.
6.3. Avantages  6.3. Advantages
La technique selon l'invention permet de faciliter la mise en rotation du fluide à l'intérieur de hydrocyclone et de conserver cette mise en rotation par la mise en œuvre, de manière indépendante ou combinée :  The technique according to the invention makes it possible to facilitate the rotation of the fluid inside the hydrocyclone and to maintain this rotation by the implementation, independently or in combination:
de la tubulure d'entrée inclinée ;  inclined inlet tubing;
de la forme hélicoïdale de la surface supérieure de la portion supérieure cylindrique ;  of the helical shape of the upper surface of the cylindrical upper portion;
- de la section tronconique de la sousverse ; - the frustoconical section of the underflow;
de la tubulure tronconique de la surverse ;  the frustoconical tubing of the overflow;
de l'évacuation de la phase liquide par débordement ;  evacuation of the liquid phase by overflow;
du rainurage à l'intérieur de la section tronconique de la sousverse ;  grooving inside the frustoconical section of the underflow;
du rainurage dans la zone inférieure de la portion inférieure tronconique de la cavité intérieure ;  grooving in the lower zone of the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity;
Tout ceci participe à favoriser la séparation des phases liquide et solide à l'intérieur de l'hydrocyclone et à limiter le phénomène d'engorgement de la sousverse de l'hydrocyclone.  All this helps to promote the separation of the liquid and solid phases inside the hydrocyclone and to limit the phenomenon of clogging of the underflow of the hydrocyclone.
La technique selon l'invention permet de réduire la pression d'alimentation de l'hydrocyclone par la mise en œuvre, de manière indépendante ou combinée : de la tubulure d'entrée en forme de spirale ;  The technique according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the supply pressure of the hydrocyclone by the implementation, independently or in combination: of the spiral-shaped inlet pipe;
du raccordement de forme elliptique et tangentielle entre la tubulure d'entrée et la portion supérieure cylindrique ;  an elliptical and tangential connection between the inlet pipe and the cylindrical upper portion;
de la réduction de la section de la tubulure d'entrée en direction de la cavité intérieure ;  reducing the section of the inlet manifold towards the inner cavity;
du changement de forme progressif de circulaire à elliptique entre la tubulure d'entrée et son raccordement à la cavité intérieure ;  progressive circular to elliptical shape change between the inlet manifold and its connection to the interior cavity;
de l'inclinaison de la tubulure d'entrée ;  the inclination of the inlet tubing;
de la forme hélicoïdale de la surface supérieure de la portion supérieure cylindrique ;  of the helical shape of the upper surface of the cylindrical upper portion;
de la section tronconique de la sousverse ;  the frustoconical section of the underflow;
de la tubulure tronconique de la surverse ;  the frustoconical tubing of the overflow;
de l'évacuation de la phase liquide par débordement. La technique selon l'invention permet de réduire la sensibilité de l'hydrocyclone aux variations de charge en MES du mélange introduit à l'intérieur de celui-ci et ainsi de limiter le phénomène d'engorgement de la sousverse, par la mise en œuvre, de manière indépendante ou combinée : the evacuation of the liquid phase by overflow. The technique according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the hydrocyclone to the variations in MES charge of the mixture introduced inside thereof and thus to limit the phenomenon of bottlenecks of the underflow, by the implementation of , independently or in combination:
- du rainurage à l'intérieur de la section tronconique de la sousverse ; grooving inside the frustoconical section of the underflow;
du rainurage dans la zone inférieure de la portion inférieure tronconique de la cavité intérieure ;  grooving in the lower zone of the frustoconical lower portion of the inner cavity;
de l'évacuation de la phase liquide par débordement.  the evacuation of the liquid phase by overflow.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Hydrocyclone comprenant :  1. Hydrocyclone comprising:
un corps (10) définissant une cavité intérieure creuse (11), ladite cavité intérieure creuse (11) présentant une portion supérieure de section cylindrique (110) prolongée par une portion inférieure de section tronconique (111), le diamètre de ladite section tronconique (111) diminuant en direction de la partie inférieure dudit corps (10) ;  a body (10) defining a hollow interior cavity (11), said hollow interior cavity (11) having an upper portion of cylindrical section (110) extended by a lower portion of frustoconical section (111), the diameter of said frustoconical section ( 111) decreasing towards the lower part of said body (10);
une entrée (12) pour un mélange de liquide et de solides débouchant dans ladite portion cylindrique (110) ;  an inlet (12) for a mixture of liquid and solids opening into said cylindrical portion (110);
- une sortie de sousverse (13), pour l'évacuation desdits solides essentiellement séparés dudit liquide, communiquant avec l'extrémité inférieure de ladite cavité intérieure (11) ; an underflow outlet (13) for discharging said solids essentially separated from said liquid, communicating with the lower end of said internal cavity (11);
une sortie de surverse (15), pour l'évacuation dudit liquide essentiellement séparé desdits solides, communiquant avec l'extrémité supérieure de ladite cavité intérieure (11) ;  an overflow outlet (15) for discharging said liquid essentially separated from said solids, communicating with the upper end of said interior cavity (11);
dans lequel ladite sortie de sousverse (13) s'étend depuis l'extrémité inférieure de ladite portion inférieure de section tronconique (111) et présente une section tronconique dont le diamètre croît en direction de la partie inférieure dudit hydrocyclone, wherein said underflow outlet (13) extends from the lower end of said frustoconical section lower portion (111) and has a frustoconical section whose diameter increases toward the lower portion of said hydrocyclone,
caractérisé en ce que le contour de ladite sousverse (13) comprend au moins une rainure hélicoïdale (14) dont le sens d'enroulement est identique au sens d'enroulement du liquide à l'intérieur de ladite cavité intérieure (11). characterized in that the contour of said underflow (13) comprises at least one helical groove (14) whose winding direction is identical to the winding direction of the liquid inside said inner cavity (11).
2. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite au moins une rainure (14) se prolonge en partie sur le contour de ladite portion inférieureThe hydrocyclone according to claim 1, wherein said at least one groove (14) extends in part over the contour of said lower portion
(111) de ladite cavité intérieure (11). (111) of said inner cavity (11).
3. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite rainure hélicoïdale (14) forme un creux. The hydrocyclone according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said helical groove (14) forms a recess.
4. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la longueur de ladite sousverse (13) est supérieure au triple du diamètre de la jonction entre la portion inférieure tronconique (111) de la cavité intérieure (11) et la sousverse (13) de l'hydrocyclone. 4. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of said underflow (13) is greater than three times the diameter of the junction between the frustoconical lower portion (111) of the inner cavity (11) and the underflow (13) of the hydrocyclone.
5. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'angle a de la section tronconique (130) de la sousverse (13) par rapport à son axe de révolution est compris entre 10 et 25°. 5. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the angle of the frustoconical section (130) of the underflow (13) relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 25 °.
6. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel ladite sortie de surverse (15) comprend une tubulure tronconique (151) qui s'étend dans le prolongement de ladite portion cylindrique (110) et dont le diamètre croît en direction de la partie supérieure dudit hydrocyclone. 6. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said overflow outlet (15) comprises a frustoconical pipe (151) which extends in the extension of said cylindrical portion (110) and whose diameter increases in diameter. direction of the upper part of said hydrocyclone.
7. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite tubulure tronconique (151) comprend une entrée (1511) qui communique avec ladite cavité intérieure (11) et une sortie (1512) qui débouche dans un logement périphérique (16) ménagé dans ledit corps (10), ladite surverse (15) comprenant en outre une tubulure d'évacuation (152) qui s'étend latéralement audit corps (10), ladite tubulure d'évacuation (152) comprenant une entréeThe hydrocyclone according to claim 6, wherein said frustoconical tubing (151) comprises an inlet (1511) which communicates with said interior cavity (11) and an outlet (1512) which opens into a peripheral housing (16) formed in said body (10), said overflow (15) further comprising an exhaust manifold (152) extending laterally of said body (10), said exhaust manifold (152) including an inlet
(1521) qui communique avec ledit logement périphérique (16) et une sortie(1521) which communicates with said peripheral housing (16) and an outlet
(1522) qui débouche en dehors dudit corps (10). (1522) which opens out of said body (10).
8. Hydrocyclone la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel l'angle de la tubulure tronconique (151) de la surverse (15) par rapport à son axe de révolution est compris entre 10 et 30°. 8. Hydrocyclone according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the angle of the frustoconical tubing (151) of the overflow (15) relative to its axis of revolution is between 10 and 30 °.
9. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel ladite entrée (12) comprend une tubulure d'entrée (120) qui s'étend le long d'une spirale autour de l'axe longitudinal dudit corps (10). The hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said inlet (12) comprises an inlet manifold (120) extending along a spiral about the longitudinal axis of said body (10). ).
10. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) s'étend le long de ladite spirale sur une longueur comprise entre ¾. et ¾ de tour dudit corps. 10. Hydrocyclone according to claim 9, wherein said inlet pipe (120) extends along said spiral for a length between ¾. and ¾ turn of said body.
11. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 9 ou 10 dans lequel ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) s'étend de manière inclinée vers le bas dudit corps (10). The hydrocyclone according to claim 9 or 10 wherein said inlet manifold (120) extends inclined downwardly of said body (10).
12. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'angle d'inclinaison β de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) par rapport à un axe transversal dudit corpsThe hydrocyclone according to claim 11, wherein the angle of inclination β of said inlet manifold (120) with respect to a transverse axis of said body
(10) est inférieur ou égal à 30°. (10) is less than or equal to 30 °.
13. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12 dans lequel le raccordement de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) à ladite portion cylindrique (110) de ladite cavité intérieure (11) est réalisé de manière tangentielle. 13. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 9 to 12 wherein the connection of said inlet pipe (120) to said cylindrical portion (110) of said inner cavity (11) is made tangentially.
14. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13 dans lequel la section de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) diminue progressivement en direction de ladite portion cylindrique (11). 14. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 9 to 13 wherein the section of said inlet pipe (120) decreases progressively towards said cylindrical portion (11).
15. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la plus grande section de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) est comprise entre 30 et 50 % de la section de ladite portion cylindrique (110), et la plus petite section de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) est comprise entre 20 et 30 % de la section de ladite portion cylindrique (110). The hydrocyclone according to claim 14, wherein the largest section of said inlet manifold (120) is between 30 and 50% of the section of said cylindrical portion (110), and the smallest section of said manifold the inlet (120) is between 20 and 30% of the section of said cylindrical portion (110).
16. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 15 dans lequel ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) présente une section circulaire, le raccordement (17) de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) à ladite portion cylindrique (110) de ladite cavité intérieure (11) étant réalisé de manière elliptique. 16. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 9 to 15 wherein said inlet pipe (120) has a circular section, the connecting (17) said inlet tubing (120) to said cylindrical portion (110) of said interior cavity (11) being elliptically formed.
17. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 16, dans lequel le rapport entre le petit rayon et le grand rayon dudit raccordement (17) de forme elliptique est compris entre 1 et 2. 17. Hydrocyclone according to claim 16, wherein the ratio between the small radius and the large radius of said connection (17) of elliptical shape is between 1 and 2.
18. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 17 dans lequel le passage de la section circulaire de ladite tubulure d'entrée (120) à la forme elliptique du raccordement (17) de celle-ci à ladite portion cylindrique (110) de la cavité intérieure (11) se fait de manière progressive. 18. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 14 to 17 wherein the passage of the circular section of said inlet pipe (120) to the elliptical shape of the connection (17) thereof to said cylindrical portion (110) of the inner cavity (11) is progressive.
19. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 18 dans lequel le contour supérieur (112) de ladite portion cylindrique (110) de ladite cavité intérieure (11) s'étend de manière hélicoïdale avec un sens d'enroulement identique au sens de circulation du liquide à l'intérieur de ladite cavité intérieure (11). 19. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 9 to 18 wherein the upper contour (112) of said cylindrical portion (110) of said inner cavity (11) extends helically with a direction of winding identical to the direction of circulation of the liquid inside said inner cavity (11).
20. Hydrocyclone selon la revendication 19, dans lequel ledit contour supérieur (112) de ladite portion cylindrique (110) de ladite cavité intérieureThe hydrocyclone according to claim 19, wherein said upper contour (112) of said cylindrical portion (110) of said interior cavity
(11) s'étend de manière hélicoïdale depuis le haut (171) jusqu'au bas (172) dudit raccordement de forme elliptique (17). (11) extends helically from the top (171) to the bottom (172) of said elliptical shaped connection (17).
21. Hydrocyclone selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 20, comprenant des moyens d'injection (60) d'eau de service dans ladite cavité intérieure (11), à la jonction entre ladite portion inférieure tronconique (111) et ladite sousverse (13). 21. Hydrocyclone according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising means (60) for injecting service water into said internal cavity (11) at the junction between said frustoconical lower portion (111) and said underflow. (13).
EP15805419.7A 2014-11-28 2015-11-27 Anti-extrusion hydrocyclone Withdrawn EP3223957A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1461630A FR3029192A1 (en) 2014-11-28 2014-11-28 ANTI-BUDDING HYDROCYCLONE.
PCT/EP2015/077967 WO2016083603A1 (en) 2014-11-28 2015-11-27 Anti-extrusion hydrocyclone

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KR (1) KR20170087894A (en)
CN (1) CN107107077A (en)
AU (1) AU2015352424A1 (en)
BR (1) BR112017010986A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2967535A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3029192A1 (en)
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MX (1) MX2017006680A (en)
RU (1) RU2017122415A (en)
SG (1) SG11201704223YA (en)
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KR20170087894A (en) 2017-07-31
SG11201704223YA (en) 2017-06-29
MA41015A (en) 2017-10-03
ZA201703235B (en) 2018-05-30
WO2016083603A1 (en) 2016-06-02
CA2967535A1 (en) 2016-06-02
UA117073C2 (en) 2018-06-11
BR112017010986A2 (en) 2018-02-14
JP2017535419A (en) 2017-11-30
FR3029192A1 (en) 2016-06-03
TN2017000189A1 (en) 2018-10-19
AU2015352424A1 (en) 2017-06-08
US20170312764A1 (en) 2017-11-02
RU2017122415A (en) 2018-12-29
CN107107077A (en) 2017-08-29
MX2017006680A (en) 2017-10-04

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