EP3221492B1 - Matériau de lame - Google Patents

Matériau de lame Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3221492B1
EP3221492B1 EP15807821.2A EP15807821A EP3221492B1 EP 3221492 B1 EP3221492 B1 EP 3221492B1 EP 15807821 A EP15807821 A EP 15807821A EP 3221492 B1 EP3221492 B1 EP 3221492B1
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layers
layer
metal
blade
cutter
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EP3221492A1 (fr
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Alexiou ATHANASSIOS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/325—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with layers graded in composition or in physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/343—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one DLC or an amorphous carbon based layer, the layer being doped or not
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/347—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a blade with a multi-layer material.
  • the usually longer service life, ie the increased edge retention, of ceramic and amorphous cutting materials is known to result from the lack of ductility compared to metals and the higher hardness of the materials used.
  • the lower fracture toughness and breaking strength of ceramic or amorphous materials means that cutting edge geometries have to be adapted to the values of the aforementioned mechanical parameters or similarly important material parameters, which means, for example, only coarser cutting radii and more obtuse wedge and grinding angles at the tip of the blades than those possible when cutting with a metal or metal alloy substrate/core.
  • An example would be razor blades made of steel, which have a high level of cutting ability (cf.
  • the hard metal insert body As a tool or for use in correspondingly stressed areas of tools, especially those with Riding and impact loads, for example for the processing of rock, concrete, ceramics or similar material, as well as for machine wear parts, are known, the hard metal insert body consists of firmly connected spatial parts, which are preferably arranged in layers, in parts, in sections or alternately to form a unit are.
  • the layers or spatial parts can alternately consist of hard and tough material, with the material layers in the vicinity of the tool tip being designed to be thinner than layers in the central area of the hard metal insert body.
  • the WO 2005/005110 A1 describes a razor blade with alternating layers with a mostly constant layer thickness in the area of the cutting edge, namely metal layers and DLC layers.
  • This object is achieved, among other things, by a multi-layer material with at least three layers, in the multi-layer material metal layers (this is understood to mean unalloyed or alloyed metallic layers - e.g. alloyed steels, unalloyed or alloyed titanium (e.g. Ti6Al7Nb) etc. - the following, regardless of whether alloyed or unalloyed, simply referred to as metal layers) and hard material layers (ceramic or amorphous layers), are arranged alternately.
  • the present invention relates to a blade with a cutting edge, the blade having such a multi-layer material at least in the area of the cutting edge.
  • this multi-layer material is not a subsequent superficial coating or superficial treatment of a blade or cutting edge previously produced from a single substrate, as is the case, for example, in WO 2013/010072 A1 knows. Instead, this multi-layer material is the actual material of the cutting edge, ie the material from which the cutting edge itself is made and from which at least part of the cutting edge geometry is made. The cutting edge produced from this material can then be coated on the surface in the same way as is usual with steel blades.
  • the present invention is based, among other things, on the idea of providing a corrosion-resistant multi-layer or multi-layer material made of nano-, micro- (layers on the cutting edge) and/or macro-lamellae (edge layer(s), carrier material) which, unlike homogeneous blade materials, its heterogeneous structure has advantageous mechanical properties.
  • Blades or cutters made of this material can be used in everyday use, for example for chipless cutting or shearing of relatively soft materials (e.g. biological tissue, textile lines, etc.), but also for machining manufacturing processes (e.g. according to DIN 8580) of materials low hardness (e.g. wood, plastic and especially hair, etc.) can be used.
  • the cutting edges of the blades according to the invention are characterized not only by an increased edge retention compared to cutting edges made of the uncoated, single-coated or multi-coated steels usually used for this purpose (like these, for example, US 5,056,227A , US 6,684,513 B1 and WO 2013/010072 A1 are known), but also due to an increased cutting ability compared to cutting edges made of technical ceramics (cf. e.g US 3,543,402A , US 5,077,901A and U.S. 7,140,113 B2 ).
  • the present invention makes it possible to realize blades with cutting edges with a higher edge retention than with conventional razor blades and higher cutting ability than with ceramics. This results in a combination of cutting ability and edge retention that has not existed before and that has not yet been technically realized.
  • the properties of metals are often technically combined with the properties of ceramics or amorphous layers in the form of two-dimensional lamellae so that optimal cutting edge geometries at the tip of the blade, similar to those of steel razor blades, for example, can be realized. At the same time, the mechanical properties of those are exceeded.
  • MMCs metal matrix composite materials
  • a binder metal phase in the case of hard metal e.g. cobalt, iron or nickel, in the case of cermets the aforementioned but also e.g. molybdenum
  • hard materials usually particles of e.g. tungsten or titanium/tantalum carbide, but also diamond etc.
  • fibers e.g. made of silicon carbide, with the MMCs
  • glass cutting edges such as those used in US 4,702,004A and US 3,831,466A be suggested.
  • filigree structures in the area of the cutting edge such as are necessary for use as a razor blade, or cutting edges for knives, are associated with the material glass due to the mechanical characteristics (fracture toughness and breaking strength) that are usually even worse than steel and most technical high-performance ceramics not useful to realize, as you can easily understand.
  • the use of cutting edges made of glass in connection with use as blades in the field of body care for example, is associated with a higher risk of injury for the user, or is not really recommended for knives due to the rapid formation of splinters. It is therefore understandable that the decades ago in US 4,702,004A and US 3,831,466A proposed solutions could not prevail or ever establish.
  • Steel cutting edges reinforced with superficial amorphous or ceramic layers can have a higher edge retention compared to uncoated steel blades, but still have the decisive disadvantage that the metallic substrate gives way after prolonged dynamic or static loading of the cutting edge and becomes mechanically unstable, which causes the hard outer coating to break and is therefore not responsible for maintaining the blade edge retention of the blade alone can provide.
  • Functional maintenance of the cutting edge geometry of steel blades can be extended by high-quality coatings to around ten times the service life of steel blades without a coating.
  • the plastic deformability of the metallic substrate which is initially an advantage in the production of the filigree blade geometry, is then, however, also responsible for the continuous destruction of the blade when used accordingly.
  • the blade with the multi-layer material of the present invention combines metal (any metallic alloys or elemental metals) and hard material (ceramic or amorphous material) in such a way that a breakage of the blade caused by the external forces when Cutting is counteracted effectively and in the long term.
  • the present invention has about 100 times the resistance to external dynamic loads compared to uncoated steel blades.
  • Martensitic steels also contain the finest hard materials (carbides), but these are evenly distributed over the volume in the form of compact particle clusters with diameters in the range of a few nanometers and more. Although this increases the hardness of the material and very fine cutting edges can still be made from it, these carbides do not block the movement of lattice defects in the volume effectively enough, and the blade can undergo plastic deformation. However, if the blade contains too many carbides, the material will easily break (as is the case with ceramic materials) because it is then brittle.
  • the blade with the multi-layer material of the present invention is able to stop this crack propagation over several layers due to its lamellar or layered structure of alternating metallic, ceramic or amorphous layers and thereby prevent the complete functional failure of the material.
  • the neighboring metallic layers not only delay the propagation of cracks within the layer in which the crack has formed by reducing stresses at the site of crack formation at the boundary layers to the neighboring metal layers, but they also prevent the cracks from propagating to the next hard material layers.
  • the microcrack within a layer also remains in this. This is possible because when cracks form, local dislocation movements occur at the Interfaces to the metal take place.
  • the entire material reacts elastically to bending forces due to the laminar bond and therefore does not break as easily as, for example, ceramic blades.
  • another decisive advantage that results from the lamellar multi-layer structure is the possibility of adjusting the hardness of the blade, within material-related limits, by varying the layer thickness ratios and the choice of the materials of the layers.
  • the mechanical and physical properties of the multi-layer material can be influenced not only by the choice of materials for the metal or hard material layers, but also by the layer thicknesses, the layer thickness ratios, and by adjusting the course of the layer thicknesses over the cross section of the cutting edge.
  • the layer thicknesses should preferably be relatively small at this point, ie in the range of a few nanometers. However, this is not absolutely necessary, but depends on the respective application and the desired cutting edge geometry.
  • adjacent layers should preferably be connected to one another in the best possible way in order to prevent the layers from flaking off from one another.
  • a suitable choice of the adjacent materials is advantageous for the stability and the functionality of the multi-layer material.
  • individual layers within the multi-layer material should preferably not be too thick in order not to forfeit the aforementioned advantages of nano- and microstructuring. Because if the layer thickness is too great, the macro-mechanical properties of the individual layers become more apparent again, which can turn out to be a disadvantage if, for example, cracks or plastic deformations can become more apparent again. Thicker layers also tend to detach from the rest due to internal tension, which should advantageously be avoided.
  • the present invention relates to a blade with a cutting edge, the blade having a multi-layer material with at least five layers, at least in the area of the cutting edge, metal layers and metal-ceramic layers being arranged alternately in the multi-layer material. At least one metal layer and at least one adjacent metal-ceramic layer have at least one metal element in common. This has the advantage that adjacent metal and metal-ceramic layers on the cutting edge of the blade are connected to one another particularly well, which can effectively prevent the layers from flaking off from one another. Atomic layers can also be used to promote adhesion between metal and hard material layers, if necessary. While these intermediate layers are part of the layering system, when considering the sequence of successive layers, they are considered only to be adhesive layers and not essential layers of the layering system.
  • solder layers are located within the material, e.g. in order to be able to subsequently connect/combine layer systems that have been produced independently of one another. These layers are also part of the layer system, but when considering the sequence of successive layers, they are only considered as solder or connection layers, not as essential layers of the multi-layer system.
  • the multi-layer material preferably has at least seven, more preferably at least nine and particularly preferably at least 11 layers. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to an odd total number of layers. Rather, four, six, eight or ten layers can also be provided.
  • the cutting edge has a cutting edge that is formed by a first and a second cutting surface that enclose a wedge angle.
  • the first cutting surface forms a first angle with the layers of the multi-layer material and the second cutting surface forms a second angle with the layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the first and/or second angle is at least 1°, preferably at least 3°, more preferably at least 5° and particularly preferably at least 10°.
  • the two angles should not exceed 80° and preferably 70°.
  • the first and/or second angle is preferably in the range between 3° and 33°; more preferably in the range between 5° and 25°.
  • the layers of the multi-layer material preferably run parallel to one another. If this is not the case, the included angles mentioned between the cutting surface(s) and the layers preferably apply to all layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the cutting edge of the blade preferably has a rake face and a clearance face.
  • the rake face and/or the flank preferably encloses an angle of at least 1°, more preferably of at least 5° and particularly preferably of at least 10° with the layers of the multilayer material.
  • the layers of the multi-layer material preferably run parallel to one another. If this is not the case, the included angles mentioned apply between rake face and layers preferred for all layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the thickness of the individual layers increases from the cutting edge towards the edge of the blade.
  • the thickness of a few layers e.g. only the surface layer(s)/carrier layer(s) or the thickness of all layers can increase. Exceptions to this are solder or connection layers, which are only added to the layer system later and which, for example, are not produced under the same manufacturing process conditions as a large part of the layer system, and adhesive layers, which are generally only a few atomic layers thick.
  • the thickness of the individual layers is between 1 nm and 800 nm, preferably between 1.5 nm and 600 nm and particularly preferably between 2 nm and 500 nm.
  • the thickness of at least three central layers in the area of the cutting edge is preferably less than 150 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of at least two outer layers is preferably greater than 150 nm and particularly preferably greater than 200 nm.
  • the cutting edge can have one or more additional outer, ie superficial, layers of hard material. If this layer(s) is/are metal-ceramic(s), then at least one metal-ceramic layer contains at least one of the metals contained in the multi-layer material. It is then particularly preferred that the innermost of the outer ceramic layers, ie that metal-ceramic which is in direct contact with the other layers of the multi-layer material, contains at least one of the metals contained in the multi-layer material. In addition or as an alternative to the outer hard material layers, an additional DLC layer can also be provided, if necessary with suitable adhesion promoters (eg based on tungsten, titanium, etc.), which particularly preferably forms the outermost layer.
  • suitable adhesion promoters eg based on tungsten, titanium, etc.
  • One or more of the metal layers preferably comprise one or a combination of the following materials: titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), tantalum (Ta), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al) , hafnium (Hf), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), boron (B) and optionally other additives/alloying elements (e.g. silicon, molybdenum, carbon, nitrogen, etc.) and all possible mixtures or alloys of these elements in any mixing ratio (e.g. TiAl, ZrAl, HfAl, CrAl, TiAlZr, TiAIV, AISi, ZrHf, TiZr, FeCr and all other possible combinations).
  • TiAl, ZrAl, HfAl, CrAl, TiAlZr, TiAIV AISi, ZrHf, TiZr, FeCr and all other possible combinations.
  • One or more of the hard material layers preferably have one or a combination of the following materials: carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, borides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, oxycarbonitrides, oxides, boron nitrides, boron carbides, diborides, boron carbonitrides, oxyborides, oxyboron nitrides, oxyboron carbides and oxyboron carbonitrides of the aforementioned Metals (such as WC, TiC, TiN, TiCN, TiBN, TiB 2 , TiBON, TiBCN, TiAlN, TiAlCN, TiCON, TiZrN, TiZrCN, ZrO 2 , ZrN, NbC, Nb 2 C, HfC, Al 2 O 3 , CrN , CrCN, AlSiN, and all other possible combinations) when it comes to metal-ceramic layers.
  • aforementioned Metals such as WC, TiC, Ti
  • metal-ceramic layers contain a metal or alloy element of their neighboring layers to a significant extent and, accordingly, like native nitride, carbide or oxide, can merge seamlessly into the neighboring metallic layers.
  • TiAl layers adjacent to TiAlC or TiAlN layers would be a possible combination of materials.
  • Another example would be chromium steel on chromium nitride layers. As already mentioned, this does not apply to solder or connecting layers made of soft or hard solder.
  • the materials or the material composition of the metallic or hard material layers can therefore of course also vary from layer to layer and also vary within one and the same layer - this can hardly be avoided depending on the type of production and the thickness of the individual layers - and does not have to, but can also, be constant over the course of the layer system.
  • less hard metal-ceramic layers can be considered for the outer areas of the layer system than for the inner layers, or vice versa.
  • metal-ceramic layers also contain any concentration gradients of the aforementioned metals as well as non-metals, but may therefore also be specifically shifted from, for example, a nitride to a carbide, or from a metal to a metal-ceramic etc. (including any combinations), from one phase to the next or layer, pass.
  • the present invention also encompasses all layer systems that can be realized, regardless of the course of the layer thickness over the cross section of the layer system. Also, there is in no way a requirement for a possible periodicity of the layers.
  • the layer thicknesses can be chosen arbitrarily and vary from layer to layer. This invention also encompasses all layer systems, regardless of whether they are symmetrical with respect to the middle of the layer or not.
  • a Heat treatment of the layer system produced with temperatures between 400 ° C to 1100 ° C and a duration between 1 and 18 hours, to initiate annealing of possible lattice defects within and at the interfaces of the individual layers, and to initiate grain growth in the to control metallic layers in a targeted manner.
  • the present invention is not limited with regard to how the cutting edge geometries have to be formed in detail (angles, widths, etc.) and accordingly leaves room for design freedom for end-user-specific requirements of the same.
  • the cutting edges of the blades according to the invention are able to outperform ceramic cutting edges in terms of cutting ability and metallic cutting edges in terms of edge retention, which makes these cutting edges suitable for use in knives, razor blades and other cutting tools such as scalpels. At the same time, their production is not uneconomical, but in terms of costs is in the range of the production of high-quality steel or ceramic cutting edges.
  • figure 1 shows a cross-section through a portion of a multi-layer material according to the present invention.
  • the multi-layer material shown consists of regularly alternating metal 1 and hard material layers 2. All metal layers 1 of the section shown have a constant thickness dM and all hard material layers 2 of the section shown have a constant thickness dK. A uniform arrangement of parallel layers with a constant thickness is thus obtained.
  • dM and dK can also have different thicknesses and also vary in the vertical course.
  • figure 2 shows a cross-section through a multi-layer material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-layer material shown has 23 layers (including the two outermost edge or carrier layers), metal layers 1 and hard material layers 2 being arranged alternately in the multi-layer material. Apart from the two outermost metal layers 1a, all metal layers 1 have a constant thickness dM and all hard material layers have a constant thickness dK, as in figure 1 is also shown. This results in a symmetrical arrangement of parallel layers with a constant thickness.
  • the thickness dM of the metal layers is also the same as the thickness dK of the hard material layers. Only the thickness of the two outermost layers 1a is significantly greater than the thickness of the remaining layers.
  • the features of this preferred embodiment are in no way to be regarded as limiting or necessary for the invention.
  • more or fewer layers than the 23 layers shown may be provided.
  • the thickness dM of the metal layers does not have to be identical to the thickness dK of the hard material layers, but can be larger or smaller than this. It is also not necessary for all metal layers or all hard material layers to have the same thickness. Rather, for example, the thickness of the metal layers can increase (or decrease) from the inside to the outside. The thickness of the hard material layers can also increase (or decrease) from the inside to the outside. Even if it is advantageous if the two outermost metal (or hard material) layers 1a, as in figure 2 shown, have a greater thickness, this is not necessary.
  • the thickness of the individual layers does not have to remain constant within a layer either, but can increase from one side to the other, for example, or vary in any other way, but also as a result of production.
  • figure 3 shows a cross section through a further preferred embodiment of the multilayer material according to the invention.
  • This multi-layer material has a total of 15 layers (including the carrier or edge layers), with metal layers 1 and hard material layers 2 being arranged in an alternating manner.
  • different layer thicknesses are provided in this embodiment.
  • the innermost 7 layers 1a and 2a have a thickness d3, the two adjacent layers 1b and 2b have a layer thickness d2 and the metal-ceramic layers 2c adjoining them on the outside have a layer thickness d1.
  • the layer thicknesses increase from the inside to the outside, so that the following applies to the exemplary embodiment shown: d1>d2>d3.
  • the layer thickness for the innermost metal and hard material layers 1a and 2a is the same. The same applies to the subsequent middle metal and hard material layers 1b and 2b. However, this is how already with regard to figure 2 explained, not necessary. Rather, the layer thickness of the individual metal layers of that of the individual Distinguish hard material layers.
  • the layer thickness can also increase more evenly from layer to layer. It is also possible that the layer thickness decreases from the inside to the outside.
  • the layer thickness can also vary within an individual layer and, for example, increase from one side to the other side or vary in any other way, but also as a result of production.
  • FIG 4 1 is a cross section through a portion of a blade according to the present invention.
  • the cutting edge 10 has a first cutting surface 11 and a second cutting surface 12 which meet at a cutting edge 13 and enclose a wedge angle (not designated). Furthermore, the first cutting surface 11 encloses the angle ⁇ with the layers of the multi-layer material. This is preferably at least 1°, more preferably at least 3°, even more preferably at least 5° and particularly preferably at least 10°. Since the cutting edge is symmetrical (and accordingly the first and second cutting surfaces cannot really be distinguished from one another), the second cutting surface 12 also encloses the same angle ⁇ with the layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the cutting edge 10 in figure 4 consists of a multi-layer material as described in figure 1 is shown. Accordingly, the above applies to the sequence and layer thickness of the metal layers 1 and hard material layers 2 figure 1 Executed.
  • the alternating layers have the same thickness over the entire illustrated cross-section of the cutting edge.
  • the cutting edge geometry shown therein is only to be understood as an example.
  • the cutting edge geometry does not have to be symmetrical and the wedge angle can deviate from the angle shown
  • FIG 5 1 is a cross section through a blade according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cutting edge 10 has a first cutting surface 11 and a second cutting surface 12 which meet at a cutting edge 13 and enclose a wedge angle (not designated). Furthermore, the first cutting surface 11 encloses the angle ⁇ with the layers of the multi-layer material. This is preferably at least 1°, more preferably at least 3°, even more preferably at least 5° and most preferably at least 10°. Since the illustrated embodiment is a symmetrical cutting edge (and accordingly the first and second cutting surfaces cannot really be distinguished from one another), the second cutting surface 12 also encloses the same angle ⁇ with the layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the cutting edge 10 in figure 5 consists of a multi-layer material as described in figure 2 is shown. Accordingly, the above applies to the sequence and layer thickness of the metal layers 1 and hard material layers 2 figure 2 Executed. As in figure 5 As can be seen clearly, the outermost metal layers 1a with a significantly greater layer thickness are preferably only arranged in that area of the cutting edge 10 which is far enough away from the two cutting surfaces that these layers 1a are not significantly mechanically stressed. In the area of the two cutting surfaces and in particular in the vicinity of the cutting edge 13, however, there is preferably a close layering of alternating metal and hard material layers. At least three layers, more preferably at least five layers and particularly preferably at least seven layers are preferably provided in the area of the cutting surfaces, as is stated in figure 5 is shown.
  • the cutting edge geometry shown therein is only to be understood as an example.
  • the cutting edge geometry does not have to be symmetrical and the wedge angle can deviate from the angle shown.
  • FIG figure 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of a cutting edge 10 according to the invention.
  • This cutting edge is made of the multi-layer material according to FIG figure 3 manufactured.
  • This embodiment makes it particularly clear why a multi-layer material with a layer thickness increasing from the inside to the outside can be used particularly advantageously for a cutting edge:
  • seven alternating metal layers 1a and hard material layers 2a with a particularly small layer thickness d3 are arranged here.
  • the cutting ability and edge retention of the cutting edge 10 in the area of the cutting edge 13 is particularly high.
  • This tight layering which at the same time makes production more complex, is not absolutely necessary in the outer layers 1b and 2b and in particular 1c and 2c, since these are far enough away from the cutting edge 13 and are therefore not exposed to the same mechanical loads.
  • the cutting edge 10 has an additional, outer hard material layer 3, which preferably has at least one of the metals contained in the multi-layer material if the hard material layer is a metal ceramic.
  • an additional hard material layer 4 is applied to the outer hard material layer 3, for example a DLC layer.
  • the outer hard material layer 3 and/or the hard material layer 4 can also be used in the embodiment according to FIG figure 5 be provided. It is also possible to provide several outer hard material layers that are different from one another.
  • FIG 7 shows a further cutting edge 10 not according to the invention.
  • the cutting edge 10 has a first cutting face 11 and a second cutting face (or rake face) 12 which meet at a cutting edge 13 and enclose a wedge angle. Furthermore, the first cutting surface 11 encloses the angle ⁇ 1 with the layers of the multi-layer material. This is preferably at least 1°, more preferably at least 3°, even more preferably at least 5° and particularly preferably at least 10°.
  • the second cutting face (or rake face) 12 encloses the angle a2 with the layers of the multi-layer material.
  • this is an asymmetrical cutting edge with ⁇ 1 > ⁇ 2, where in the example shown ⁇ 1 > 0° and ⁇ 2 0°, so that the wedge angle corresponds to ⁇ 1.
  • the second cutting face (or rake face) 12 is arranged parallel to the layers of the multi-layer material.
  • the first cutting surface 11 can also be arranged parallel to the layers of the multi-layer material, as is shown in figure 8 is shown.
  • the first and second cutting surfaces can each enclose different angles with the layers of the multi-layer material are each greater than 0°.
  • Such an example is in figure 9 shown where ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2, ⁇ 1 > 0° and ⁇ 2 > 0°, so that the wedge angle corresponds to the sum of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Lame à au moins un tranchant, où ladite lame présente au moins au niveau du tranchant un matériau multicouche ayant au moins cinq couches, où des couches métalliques et des couches métallocéramiques sont disposées de manière alternée dans le matériau multicouche, où au moins une couche métallique et au moins une couche métallocéramique adjacente ont au moins un élément métallique en commun, où l'épaisseur des différentes couches du matériau multicouche est comprise entre 1 nm et 800 nm et augmente à partir du tranchant dans la direction du bord de la lame, où le tranchant présente une arête de coupe formée par une première et par une deuxième faces de coupe, et où la première face de coupe forme un premier angle avec les couches du matériau multicouche et la deuxième face de coupe forme un deuxième angle avec les couches du matériau multicouche, le premier et/ou le deuxième angle étant d'au moins 1°.
  2. Lame selon la revendication 1, où le tranchant présente au moins une couche extérieure de matériau dur additionnelle, laquelle comprend au moins un des métaux contenus dans le matériau multicouche, et où une couche en carbone de type diamant (DLC) additionnelle est préférentiellement appliquée sur la couche de matériau dur extérieure.
  3. Lame selon la revendication 1, où le tranchant présente au moins une couche DLC extérieure additionnelle.
  4. Lame selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où au moins une couche métallique, préférentiellement toutes les couches métalliques, contiennent un métal X, et où au moins une couche métallocéramique adjacente à une couche métallique comprend une des céramiques suivantes, ou une combinaison de celles-ci : carbure, nitrure, carbonitrure, borure, oxyde, oxynitrure, oxycarbure, oxycarbonitrure, nitrure de bore, carbure de bore, diborure, carbonitrure de bore, oxyborure, oxynitrure de bore, oxycarbure de bore, oxycarbonitrure de bore sur la base du métal X.
  5. Lame à au moins un tranchant, où ladite lame présente au moins au niveau du tranchant un matériau multicouche ayant au moins cinq couches, où des couches métalliques formatrices de carbure et des couches en carbone de type diamant (DLC) sont disposées de manière alternée dans le matériau multicouche, où l'épaisseur des différentes couches du matériau multicouche est comprise entre 1 nm et 800 nm et augmente à partir du tranchant dans la direction du bord de la lame, où le tranchant présente une arête de coupe formée par une première et par une deuxième faces de coupe, et où la première face de coupe forme un premier angle avec les couches du matériau multicouche et la deuxième face de coupe forme un deuxième angle avec les couches du matériau multicouche, le premier et/ou le deuxième angle étant d'au moins 1°.
  6. Lame selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le matériau multicouche comprend au moins sept, préférentiellement au moins neuf, tout particulièrement au moins onze couches.
  7. Lame selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le premier et/ou le deuxième angle est d'au moins 3°, préférentiellement d'au moins 5° et tout particulièrement d'au moins 10°.
  8. Lame selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où l'épaisseur d'au moins trois couches centrales au niveau du tranchant est inférieure à 150 nm, préférentiellement inférieure à 100 nm, et où l'épaisseur d'au moins deux couches extérieures est supérieure à 150 nm, préférentiellement supérieure à 200 nm.
  9. Lame selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où au moins une partie de la surface du tranchant est formée par le matériau multicouche.
EP15807821.2A 2014-11-18 2015-11-17 Matériau de lame Active EP3221492B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014016983.9A DE102014016983A1 (de) 2014-11-18 2014-11-18 Klingenmaterial
PCT/EP2015/076874 WO2016079148A1 (fr) 2014-11-18 2015-11-17 Matériau de lame

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3221492A1 EP3221492A1 (fr) 2017-09-27
EP3221492B1 true EP3221492B1 (fr) 2022-11-09

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EP15807821.2A Active EP3221492B1 (fr) 2014-11-18 2015-11-17 Matériau de lame

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EP (1) EP3221492B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014016983A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016079148A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017102059A1 (de) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-02 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Schichtsystem und Bauteil
EP4135952A2 (fr) 2020-04-16 2023-02-22 The Gillette Company LLC Revêtements pour lame de rasoir
JP2023518358A (ja) 2020-04-16 2023-05-01 ザ ジレット カンパニー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー かみそり刃のための多層コーティング
WO2021211811A1 (fr) 2020-04-16 2021-10-21 The Gillette Company Llc Lame de rasoir

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB426489A (en) * 1933-03-10 1935-04-04 Gillette Safety Razor Co Improvements in fine edged blades and method of making the same
US3543402A (en) 1968-04-15 1970-12-01 Coors Porcelain Co Ceramic cutting blade
US3761373A (en) * 1971-07-09 1973-09-25 Gillette Co Process for producing an improved cutting tool
US3831466A (en) 1972-02-08 1974-08-27 J Hicks Glass blade and glass blade blank
DE3347501C3 (de) * 1983-12-29 1993-12-02 Uwe Christian Seefluth Bohrwerkzeug mit Hartmetalleinsatzkörper, Herstellverfahren für Hartmetalleinsatzkörper
US4702004A (en) 1985-07-24 1987-10-27 Haythornthwaite James Alan Glass razor blade and handle
US5056227A (en) 1990-03-19 1991-10-15 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US5077901A (en) 1990-05-18 1992-01-07 Warner Joseph A Ceramic blades and production methodology therefor
WO1999055929A1 (fr) * 1998-04-29 1999-11-04 Unaxis Trading Ag Outil ou element de machine et procede pour en augmenter la resistance a l'usure
US6684513B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2004-02-03 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
WO2002083374A2 (fr) 2001-04-17 2002-10-24 Lazorblades, Inc. Lame en ceramique et procede de fabrication
CN1822928A (zh) * 2003-07-15 2006-08-23 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 具有氮化硬化底板的带镀层的剃削件
WO2006079360A1 (fr) * 2005-01-27 2006-08-03 Bic Violex Sa Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede pour fabriquer une lame de rasoir
EP2072637B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2018-08-15 Sandvik Intellectual Property AB Outil de coupe avec revêtement et procédé de fabrication
IL198916A0 (en) * 2009-05-25 2010-02-17 Iscar Ltd Cutting tool coated with a diamond-like carbon multilayer
IL205090A0 (en) * 2010-04-14 2010-11-30 Iscar Ltd Hard carbon coating and method of forming the same
US20130014396A1 (en) 2011-07-14 2013-01-17 Kenneth James Skrobis Razor blades having a wide facet angle
DE102012007763A1 (de) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Ulrich Schmidt Modularer Rahmen für Steckdosen und Schalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3221492A1 (fr) 2017-09-27
DE102014016983A1 (de) 2016-05-19
WO2016079148A1 (fr) 2016-05-26

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