EP3212904A1 - Systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique d'une soupape de moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents
Systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique d'une soupape de moteur a combustion interneInfo
- Publication number
- EP3212904A1 EP3212904A1 EP15788457.8A EP15788457A EP3212904A1 EP 3212904 A1 EP3212904 A1 EP 3212904A1 EP 15788457 A EP15788457 A EP 15788457A EP 3212904 A1 EP3212904 A1 EP 3212904A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- coil
- actuating
- actuator
- control device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2103—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids comprising one coil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
- F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
- F01L2009/2115—Moving coil actuators
Definitions
- the invention relates to the control of the valves in an internal combustion engine. It relates more specifically, a system for actuating a valve in such an engine.
- An internal combustion engine is supplied during each cycle with a mixture comprising air and fuel (or fuel mixture).
- Such an engine comprises at least one cylinder defining a combustion chamber, this combustion chamber being delimited, in an upper part, by a cylinder head, and in a lower part, by a piston movable within the cylinder.
- the engine comprises, for each cylinder, at least one intake valve and an exhaust valve.
- a valve comprises a rod at the end of which is formed a head.
- Each valve is movable in translation relative to the engine cylinder head between a closed position in which the valve head rests against a seat to close an intake duct (or, respectively, an exhaust duct) and a open position in which the head is spaced from the seat for communicating the combustion chamber with the intake duct (or respectively with the exhaust duct).
- the control of the valves must meet the following constraints. First, the movement of the valves must be fast and precise, to facilitate the admission respectively the evacuation of gases. Then, the valve stroke must be sufficient to ensure a high flow of gas, whether admission or evacuation. In addition, the forces transmitted to the valves must be important (especially evacuation) to overcome the pressure in the combustion chamber. Finally, the control system must be reliable to avoid any loss of power due to a malfunction thereof.
- valves in the internal combustion engines are performed mechanically by an actuating system comprising one or more camshaft (s) which drive the valves, either directly or indirectly by through rockers.
- a camshaft is rotatably coupled to the crankshaft by a timing belt or chain.
- An alternative valve control technique is electromagnetic actuation.
- each valve is driven by means of an electromagnetic actuator.
- Each actuator thus comprises one or more magnets which generate a magnetic field in which there is a coil traversed by an electric current, the valve thus being able to move linearly in one direction, by Laplace force, when the coil is energized. by a positive current and respectively in the opposite direction when it is supplied with a negative current.
- An actuation system controls all of the engine valves, the actuating system comprising, for each valve, an electromagnetic actuator actuating the valve and a control device driving this actuator.
- the various control devices associated with the engine valves are themselves under control of a computer (also called engine control).
- the computer is connected to different sensors that provide real-time data on the engine and in particular on the position of the crankshaft and the position of each valve relative to the cylinder head.
- the actuator makes it possible to synchronize the valves with other engine components such as pistons.
- the electromagnetic actuator described in the Japanese document, mentioned above, comprises a fixed coil relative to the yoke, the coil surrounding a movable magnet on which is fixed the valve.
- the large mass of the moving equipment makes the deceleration of the latter problematic, especially at high engine speed where the inertia of the crew is such that the effort produced from the current induced, to decelerate the valve is insufficient, with the main consequence of the occurrence of shocks when the valve arrives at the end of the race.
- the repetition of the shocks causes premature degradation of the mobile equipment requiring the replacement of the mobile crew (s) defective, or the replacement of the complete engine in the event of a breakage of a moving equipment. when the engine is running.
- a first objective is to provide a reliable valve actuating system and having a low power consumption.
- a second objective is to provide a motor vehicle comprising an actuating system meeting the above stated objective.
- this system comprising an electromagnetic actuator and a control device controlling the actuator, the valve comprising a head and being movable. , relative to a cylinder head of the engine, between a closed position in which the head rests against a seat of the cylinder head and an open position in which the head is spaced from the seat, this actuator comprising:
- control device being operable in two configurations:
- the device does not electrically power the coil to provide deceleration to the valve, and collects electrical energy induced by the coil; the coil being secured to the valve and the magnet being fixed relative to the cylinder head.
- the coil is wound on a carcass on which the valve is fixed;
- the carcass comprises a base and a body projecting axially from the base, the valve being fixed on the base and the coil being wound on the body;
- the magnet is sandwiched between an upper pole piece and a lower pole piece;
- the actuator comprises a core concentrically housed in a bore of the magnet
- the body of the carcass is between the core and the magnet;
- the actuation system comprises a plurality of electromagnetic actuators each actuating a valve and each controlled by a control device, a control device using the electrical energy collected during a deceleration of a valve to electrically power another actuator associated with another valve;
- the electrical energy collected by the control device is stored within the control device.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating a vehicle (dashed) equipped with an internal combustion engine (solid line);
- Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the position of a valve of the internal combustion engine during a lift cycle
- Figure 3 is a schematic partial sectional view illustrating the engine, equipped with valves controlled by an actuating system;
- Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing an electromagnetic actuator.
- Figure 1 is shown a vehicle 1 automobile - here a vehicle 1 particular but it could be any other type of vehicle 1: utility, truck, construction equipment or helicopter.
- the vehicle 1 is equipped with an internal combustion engine 2 provided with cylinders 3 defining combustion chambers 4 and in which are slidably mounted pistons 5 connected, by connecting rods 6, to a crankshaft 7 whose rotation causes the wheels 8 of the vehicle 1 via a transmission (not shown).
- an internal combustion engine 2 provided with cylinders 3 defining combustion chambers 4 and in which are slidably mounted pistons 5 connected, by connecting rods 6, to a crankshaft 7 whose rotation causes the wheels 8 of the vehicle 1 via a transmission (not shown).
- the engine 2 comprises, for each cylinder 3, at least one intake valve 9 and an exhaust valve 10.
- Each valve 9, 10 comprises a rod 11 which extends along a central axis X which defines an axial direction. At one end of the rod 11 is formed a head 12.
- Each valve 9, 10 is movable in translation relative to a cylinder head 13 of the engine 2 between a closed position PF in which the head 12 of the valve 9, 10 is supported. against a seat 14 to close an intake duct 15 (or, respectively, an exhaust duct 16) and an open position PO in which the head 12 is spaced from the seat 14 to put the combustion chamber 4 in communication with the intake duct (or, respectively, with the exhaust duct 16).
- the engine 2 is of the diesel direct injection type and comprises, for this purpose, an injector 17 which opens directly into the combustion chamber 4, but it could be any other type of internal combustion engine 2: gasoline, indirect injection, hybrid.
- an actuating system 18 controls all of the valves 9, 10 of the internal combustion engine 2.
- This actuating system 18 comprises, for each valve 9, 10, an electromagnetic actuator 19 actuating the valve 9, 10 and a control device 20 controlling said actuator 19.
- the various control devices associated with the engine valves 9, 10 2 being themselves under control of a computer 21 (also called engine control).
- a single control device 20 can control the electromagnetic actuators 19 associated, each, with a valve 9, 10.
- the computer 21 is connected to different sensors that provide real-time data on the engine 2 and in particular on the position of the crankshaft 7 (via for example a position sensor) and the position of each valve 9, 10 by relative to the cylinder head 13 (via, for example, a dynamic valve lift sensor).
- the computer 21 independently controls each electromagnetic actuator 19 via the control device 20 with which it is associated to synchronize the valves 9, 10 with the other elements of the engine 2 such as the pistons 5 .
- the pistons of an internal combustion engine are generally out of phase with each other.
- an internal combustion engine comprising four cylinders may have two external pistons set at 180 ° with the two internal pistons, this timing to optimize the operation of the engine.
- the setting of the pistons in pairs mentioned above emphasizes the fact that the intake valves (or respectively the exhaust valves) are actuated in a manner offset in time.
- the computer 21 makes it possible, in this case, thanks to feedback from the various sensors, to drive the electromagnetic actuators 19 via the control devices 20 in a time-shifted manner according to the architecture of the engine 2 chosen.
- Each electromagnetic actuator 19 comprises at least one fixed magnet 22 with respect to the yoke 13 generating a magnetic field and at least one coil 23, immersed in this field, electrically connected to the control device 20, this coil 23 being integral with the valve 9, 10.
- each actuator 19 comprises, firstly, a frame 24 defining a magnetic circuit 25, and secondly, a mobile 26.
- the magnetic circuit includes the magnet 22, this magnet 22 is annular and extends symmetrically about the central X axis.
- the magnet 22 is of the rare earth type, for example neodymium-iron-boron, which has the advantage of offering a high energy density.
- the magnetic circuit 25 also includes an upper annular pole piece 27 and a lower annular pole piece 28, which pieces 27, 28 are polar and symmetrical about the central axis X, sandwiching the magnet 22.
- parts 27, 28 are made of a ferromagnetic material, for example a mild steel.
- the magnetic circuit 25 further comprises a central core 29 which is in the form of a cylinder of revolution about the central axis X.
- the core 29 extends from an upper end, located at the right of the upper pole piece 27, to a lower end, located in line with the lower pole piece 28.
- the central core 29 is made of a ferromagnetic material, for example a mild steel.
- the assembly of the magnetic circuit 25 is preferably carried out by gluing, this method of assembly having the advantage of not altering the magnetic field.
- the core 29 is housed concentrically in a bore 30 defined internally and jointly by the magnet 22 and the parts 27, 28 polar.
- the magnet 22 and the pole pieces 27, 28 extend annularly around the core 29.
- the outer diameter of the core 29 is smaller than the internal diameter of the bore 30, so that defined, between the core 29 and the parts 27, 28 polar, an air gap, that is to say a space in which the magnetic field is directed substantially radially.
- the parts 27, 28 polar and the core 29 advantageously have chamfers so as to concentrate the magnetic field.
- the magnet 22 and more precisely the magnetic circuit 25 generates a magnetic field whose field lines are toric around the central axis X.
- Field lines are thus sketched in phantom in Figure 3, as well as black arrows superimposed on the dashed lines indicating the direction of the field lines.
- the "+” and “-” signs also shown in Figure 4, respectively represent, by convention, a north pole and a south pole.
- the armature 24 further comprises a cover 33 which overcomes the magnetic circuit to which it is attached.
- This cover 33 is made of a non-magnetic material for example in a composite material or a stainless steel.
- the mobile equipment 26 includes a carcass 34 which comprises a base 35 extending out of the frame 24 and a tubular body 36 extending in axial projection from the base 35.
- This carcass 34 is made of a non-magnetic material for example in a composite material or a stainless steel.
- the body 36 extends substantially over the entire height of the frame 24 between the core 29 and the magnet 22.
- the body 36 has an upper section 37 dipped in the gap 31 upper and a lower section 38 dive in the gap 32 lower.
- the mobile equipment 26 further comprises the coil 23 made by helically winding a wire made of an electrically conductive material (with round or rectangular section), this coil 23 comprising:
- valve 9, 10 is integrated with the mobile equipment 26 being integral with the carcass 34, for example by means of screws 41.
- a second magnetic circuit is superimposed on the first and / or the magnetic circuit comprises two superimposed magnets 22, this embodiment making it possible to increase the force transmitted to the valve 9. , 10.
- the circulation of a current in the coil 23 generates, by the interaction with the magnetic field, a force known as "Laplace force" which produces a displacement of the coil 23 driving with it the valve 9 , 10.
- the "Laplace force” is proportional to the magnetic field, the intensity of the current and the length of the solenoid constituting the coil 23.
- the supply of the coil 23 with a positive current allows the displacement of the valve 9, 10 in one direction and respectively in a reverse direction when the coil 23 is supplied with a negative current.
- the supply of the coil 23 with a positive current allows the displacement of the valve 9, 10 of the closed position PF to the open position PO, and vice versa, the supply of the coil 23 with a current negative allows the displacement of the valve 9, 10 from the open position PO to the closed position PF.
- the control of a valve 9, 10 during a lift cycle is divided into four phases, this cycle corresponding to the opening of the valve 9, 10 c ' that is to say when the valve 9 passes from a closed position PF to an open position PO, and when the valve 9 is closed, that is to say the passage of the valve 9, 10 of the open position PO at the closed position PF.
- the positions PU and PI2 correspond to intermediate positions between the open position PO and the closed position PF, these intermediate positions PU and PI2 will be used to explain below the control of a valve 9, 10 via an electromagnetic actuator 19.
- the control device 20 operates in two configurations:
- the device 20 does not electrically feed the coil 23 to provide a deceleration to the valve 9, 10, and collects electrical energy induced by the coil 23.
- FIG. 2 presents, in an upper part, a diagram representing the evolution of the position P of the valve 9, 10 during time T and more precisely during the different phases of the lifting cycle, and in parallel in a lower part so to illustrate the diagram, the position of the head 12 relative to the seat 14.
- a first phase PH1 (from PF to PU) in which the coil 23 of the actuator 19 is supplied with a positive current to provide the acceleration of the valve 9, 10 towards the open position PO;
- a second phase PH2 (from PU to PO) in which the coil 23, upstream of the open position PO, is not electrically powered to collect a negative induced current resulting from the inertia stored by the valve 9, 10, this negative current reciprocally allowing to decelerate the valve 9, 10;
- a third phase PH3 (from PO to PI2) in which the coil 23 of the actuator 19 is supplied with a negative current to provide acceleration of the valve 9, 10 towards the closed position PF;
- a fourth phase PH4 (from PI2 to PF) in which the coil 23, upstream of the closed position PF, is not electrically powered to collect a positive induced current resulting from the inertia stored by the valve 9, 10 this positive current reciprocally allowing the valve 9, 10 to decelerate.
- the displacement of the coil 23 by inertia within the magnetic field generates, by the " Lenz-Faraday principle ", a potential difference from which an induced current is created.
- This induced current circulating in the coil 23 generates reciprocally by interaction with the magnetic field a "Laplace force" opposing the movement of the valve 9, 10, this force for decelerating the valve 9, 10.
- the induced current created by an electromagnetic actuator 19, during the second phase PH2 and / or during the fourth phase PH4, can be stored typically in a capacitor within the control device, for supplying this electromagnetic actuator 19 during the next lift cycle.
- the induced current created by an electromagnetic actuator 19 during the second phase PH2 and / or during the fourth phase PH4, that is to say during a deceleration phase is used to electrically power a Another electromagnetic actuator 19 which is in the first phase PH1 or in the third phase PH3, that is to say in an acceleration phase.
- a dashed line the various control devices 20 are electrically connected to each other.
- the inductive energy present in the winding of an electromagnetic actuator 19 can also be recovered by the control device 20 in order to supply another electromagnetic actuator 19 that is in an acceleration phase.
- the actuation system 18, described above, offers the following advantages.
- the fact of having a movable coil 23 integral with the valve 9, 10 can greatly reduce the mass of the mobile crew 26 to the benefit of the energy requirement for the control of the valve 9, 10 and more overall, to the set of valves 9, 10.
- a light material for example a composite material, typically based on fiberglass or carbon
- the decrease in the mass of the mobile crew 26 increases the speed of the valve 9, 10 and in other words to reduce the opening and closing times thereof.
- the decrease in the mass of the mobile crew 26 allows optimal control of the valve 9, 10 for each regime to avoid shocks when the valve 9, 10 reaches the end of the race for the benefit of the reliability of the actuating system 18 and more generally of the internal combustion engine 2.
- the energy requirement necessary for the control of the valves 9, 10 is also reduced by making the different control devices communicate, that is to say by re-injecting the energy recovered by a control device 20 when of the second phase PH2 and / or during the fourth phase PH4 in a control device 20 controlling an actuator 19 which is then in the first phase PH1 or in the third phase PH3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1460452A FR3027952B1 (fr) | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Systeme d’actionnement d’une soupape de moteur a combustion interne |
| PCT/FR2015/052443 WO2016066912A1 (fr) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-09-14 | Systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique d'une soupape de moteur a combustion interne |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3212904A1 true EP3212904A1 (fr) | 2017-09-06 |
Family
ID=52392001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15788457.8A Withdrawn EP3212904A1 (fr) | 2014-10-30 | 2015-09-14 | Systeme d'actionnement electromagnetique d'une soupape de moteur a combustion interne |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3212904A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN107075985B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3027952B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016066912A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4908731A (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1990-03-13 | Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Company | Electromagnetic valve actuator |
| JP2759358B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-11 | 1998-05-28 | 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 | 誘導式電磁力バルブ駆動装置 |
| JPH10131726A (ja) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-05-19 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 電磁駆動バルブ駆動回路 |
| EP0972912A1 (fr) * | 1998-07-15 | 2000-01-19 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Dispositif électrique de commande de soupape pour moteur a combustion interne |
| FR2797297B1 (fr) * | 1999-08-06 | 2002-08-23 | Renault | Dispositif d'actionnement de soupape electrodynamique |
| BRPI0409774B1 (pt) * | 2003-04-26 | 2017-07-18 | Camcon Auto Limited | Electromagnetic actuator, combination of valve and actuator and internal combustion engine |
-
2014
- 2014-10-30 FR FR1460452A patent/FR3027952B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-09-14 WO PCT/FR2015/052443 patent/WO2016066912A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-09-14 CN CN201580057010.1A patent/CN107075985B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-09-14 EP EP15788457.8A patent/EP3212904A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2016066912A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3027952B1 (fr) | 2016-12-09 |
| WO2016066912A1 (fr) | 2016-05-06 |
| CN107075985B (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
| FR3027952A1 (fr) | 2016-05-06 |
| CN107075985A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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