EP3211135B1 - High-stretch sackpaper - Google Patents
High-stretch sackpaper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3211135B1 EP3211135B1 EP16157913.1A EP16157913A EP3211135B1 EP 3211135 B1 EP3211135 B1 EP 3211135B1 EP 16157913 A EP16157913 A EP 16157913A EP 3211135 B1 EP3211135 B1 EP 3211135B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- sack
- iso
- clupak unit
- stretchability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006320 anionic starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of highly stretchable sack paper.
- the paper sacks need to hold a considerable material weight, i.e. have high strength.
- Kraft paper is a suitable sack wall material.
- the sacks typically have two or more walls, i.e. layers of paper material, to further strengthen the sack construction.
- a wall layer of a sack is often referred to as a ply. Production of ply material (i.e. sack paper) is for example disclosed in WO 99/02772 .
- the paper sack should vent air during filling.
- the air that accompanies the powdered material shall efficiently vent from the sack as the filling machines that delivers the material run at high throughput rates.
- the venting capability of the sack is the actual limiting factor for the filling rate.
- Efficient venting also prevents air from being trapped in the sack. Such trapped air may otherwise cause under-weight packs, sack rupture and problems when sacks are stacked for transportation.
- the "venting” is also referred to as "deaeration”.
- the table of Fig 3 belong to the Examples section below and presents the speed of the paper web at various positions on the paper machine from the pressing section to the pope reel winding the paper into a paper roll.
- a sack paper normally has a grammage (according to ISO 536) of 50-140 g/m 2 .
- the stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect is exceptionally high.
- the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably 70-140 g/m 2 , such as 80-140 g/m 2 , such as 90-140 g/m 2 .
- Grammages above 130 g/m 2 are rather unusual.
- the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect may be 70-130 g/m 2 , such as 80-130 g/m 2 , such as 90-130 g/m 2 .
- Gurley is a measurement of the time (s) taken for 100 ml of air to pass through a specified area of a paper sheet. Short time means highly porous paper. As discussed above, highly porous paper enables high filling rates.
- the sack paper of the present disclosure has a Gurley value (ISO 5636-5) of 15 s or lower. Preferably, it is 13 s or lower, such as 12 s or lower. A sack paper having a Gurley value below 3 s often has an insufficient strength. Typical Gurley value ranges for the present disclosure are thus 3-15 s, preferably 3-13 s, such as 3-12 s.
- the present inventors have realized that there is a need for improved stretchability in the machine direction.
- the inventors' efforts have resulted in the sack paper of the first aspect, which is characterized by a stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the MD of above 10 %, preferably above 11 %, more preferably above 12 %. How to obtain such a stretchable paper is described in connection with the second aspect and in EXAMPLES section below.
- the stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect is typically above 6 %, preferably above 7 %, more preferably above 8 % or 9 %.
- a typical (practical) upper limit for the stretchability in the CD is 11 %.
- the treatment substantially increasing the MD stretchability also results in a slight increase in CD stretchability.
- Tensile energy absorption is often considered to be the paper property that best represents the relevant strength of the paper sack wall. This is supported by the correlation between TEA and drop tests. When a sack is dropped, the filling goods move inside the sack when it hits the floor. This movement strains the sack wall. To withstand the strain, the TEA should be high; a combination of high tensile strength and good stretch in the paper absorbs the energy.
- the tensile strength is the maximum force that a paper will withstand before breaking.
- ISO 1924-3 a stripe having a width of 15 mm and a length of 100 mm is used with a constant rate of elongation.
- the tensile strength is one parameter in the measurement of the TEA and the other parameter is stretchability.
- the tensile strength, the stretchability and the TEA value are obtained in the same test.
- the TEA index is the TEA value divided by the grammage. In the same manner, the tensile index is obtained by dividing the tensile strength by the grammage.
- the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably a Kraft paper, which means that is formed from a pulp prepared according to the Kraft process.
- the starting material used for preparing the pulp that is used for forming the sack paper preferably comprises softwood (which has long fibers and forms a strong paper).
- the sack paper is preferably formed from a paper pulp comprising at least 50 % softwood pulp, preferably at least 75 % softwood pulp and more preferably at least 90 % softwood pulp. The percentages are based of the dry weight of the pulp.
- the sack paper may comprise at least one dry strength agent to improve the tensile strength.
- the at least one dry strength agent preferably comprises starch, preferably cationic starch.
- the sack paper may comprise anionic and/or amphoteric starch.
- the added amount of starch may be 2-15 kg/ton paper, such as 3-14 kg/ton paper.
- the tensile index of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably at least 50 kNm/kg, such as at least 55 kNm/kg, in the MD and at least 40 kNm/kg, such as at least 45 kNm/kg, in the MD.
- the exceptional stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect results in high TEA values.
- the TEA according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 300 J/m 2 , such as at least 330 J/m 2 , such as at least 350 J/m 2 .
- the TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 3.4 J/g, such as at least 3.5 J/g.
- the TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.6 J/g.
- the sack paper of the first aspect may be bleached, which means that its brightness may be least 78 % or at least 80 % according to ISO 2470-1.
- the brightness of a bleached sack paper according o the first aspect is at least 83 %.
- the sack paper of the first aspect preferably provides a satisfactory printing surface. Satisfactory printing properties are for example reflected by a relatively low surface roughness. It might have been expected that the heavy creping/compacting in the Clupak unit described below would drastically increase the surface roughness, but the present inventors have demonstrated that this is not the case. In fact, the surface roughness of the wire side (particularly suitable for printing) was increased by only 7 % (from 895 ml/min to 957 ml/min) when the stretchability in the MD was more than doubled (see table 1 of the EXAMPLES section).
- the Bendtsen roughness according to ISO 8791-2 of at least one side of the sack paper of the first aspect may thus be below 1200 ml/min, preferably below 1100 ml/min, such as below 1000 ml/min.
- the sack paper of the first aspect may be treated to form a barrier, for example on a surface of the paper.
- the barrier is preferably a moisture barrier and/or a water barrier.
- the barrier may also be a grease barrier.
- a barrier chemical or barrier composition is applied, e.g. by blade coating, curtain coating or spraying. It is also possible to add a barrier-forming agent to the pulp.
- a method of producing a sack paper comprises drying a paper web in a drying section comprising a Clupak unit and a dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit.
- a dryer group refers to a drying arrangement comprising at least one dryer screen and at least one drying cylinder against which the dryer screen(s) holds the paper web passing through the drying group.
- the components of a drying group are coupled or such that the paper web moves with substantially constant speed through the dryer group.
- a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series upstream the Clupak unit of the second aspect.
- the second aspect is not limited to any particular design of such dryer groups as long as the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 %.
- a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series downstream the Clupak unit.
- the drying section is typically arranged downstream a pressing section.
- Figure 1 illustrates a pressing section 100 comprising two press nips 101 and 102. Further, figure 1 illustrates a drying section part 103 comprising a first dryer group 104 arranged directly upstream a Clupak unit 105 and a second dryer group 106 arranged directly downstream the Clupak unit 105.
- the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 % according to the method of the second aspect.
- the inventors have found that such relatively high moisture levels facilitate the increase in stretchability.
- the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 32-40 %.
- the inventors have found that the increase in stretchability is facilitated by a relatively high nip bar line load, i.e. at least 20 kN/m, in the Clupak unit.
- the nip bar line load is at least 21 kN/m or at least 22 kN/m. A typical upper limit may be 30 kN/m.
- the nip bar line load is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar.
- the nip bar is sometimes referred to as the "nip roll".
- the present inventors have shown that the stretchability in the machine direction to a large extent depends on the relative speed over the Clupak unit.
- the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit should be 8-14 % lower than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
- the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak is 9-14 % lower, such as 9-13 % lower, than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
- the rubber belt tension in the Clupak unit is at least 5 kN/m (such as 5-9 kN/m), preferably at least 6 kN/m (such as 6-9 kN/m), such as about 7 kN/m.
- the rubber belt tension is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the tension roll stretching the rubber belt.
- the Clupak unit typically comprises a steel cylinder.
- the release liquid may be water or water-based.
- the water-based release liquid may comprise a friction-reducing agent, such as polyethylene glycol or a silicone-based agent.
- the release liquid is water comprising at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 %, such as 1-4 %, polyethylene glycol.
- Fig 2 illustrates a Clupak unit 205, comprising an endless rubber belt 207 (sometimes referred to as a "rubber blanket") contacted by two blanket rolls 208, 209, a guide roll 210, a tension roll 211 and a nip bar 212.
- a first hydraulic arrangement 213 exerts pressure on the tension roll 211 to stretch the rubber belt 207.
- a second hydraulic arrangement 214 exerts pressure on the nip bar 212 to press the rubber belt 207, which in turns presses the paper web 217 against a steel cylinder 215.
- a release liquid spray nozzle 216 is arranged to apply a release liquid to the steel cylinder 215.
- a sack comprising a ply composed of the sack paper of the first aspect.
- the sack of the third aspect may comprise a hydraulic binder, such as a hydraulic binder for the production of a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
- a hydraulic binder such as a hydraulic binder for the production of a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
- the sack of the third aspect may comprise a chemical product, a mineral or mineral mixture, a garden fertilizer, a foodstuff, animal feed or pet food.
- the sack of the third aspect may for example be a multiple-ply sack.
- at least two, such as all, plies of such a multiple ply sack may be composed of a sack paper of the first aspect.
- the sack is a one-ply sack, wherein the only ply is composed of a sack paper of the first aspect having a grammage of 90-140 g/m 2 , such as 95-130 g/m 2 .
- a one-ply sack could replace prior art sacks having two plies of 70-80 g/m 2 sack paper and thus lower costs.
- the sack is a two-ply sack, wherein the plies are composed of a sack paper according to any one of the preceding claims having a grammage of 70-110 g/m 2 , such as 80-110 g/m 2 , such as 80-100 g/m 2 .
- Such a two-ply sack would be stronger (e.g. have a higher TEA value) than corresponding prior art sacks.
- the dimensions of the sack of the third aspect may for example be such that it has a volume of 8-45 liters, preferably 12-45 liters in a filled configuration.
- the amount of the hydraulic binder may for example be 17-60 kg. 25 kg sacks, 35 kg sacks and 50 kg sacks are demanded on the market and may thus be prepared according to the present disclosure.
- the dimensions of a filled 25 kg sack may for example be 400x450x110 mm.
- a "25 kg sack” typically can be filled with about 17.4 liters of material, while a “50 kg sack” is typically can be filled with about 35 liters of material.
- a bleached softwood Kraft pulp was provided.
- the pulp was subjected to high consistency (HC) refining (180 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 35 % and low consistency (LC) refining (20 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 4 %.
- Cationic starch (7 kg per ton paper), anionic starch (3 kg per ton paper), rosin size (2.2 kg per ton paper) and alum (3.5 kg per ton paper) were added to the pulp.
- the pH of the pulp/furnish was about 6.0 and the consistency of the pulp/furnish was about 0.2 %.
- a paper web was formed on a wire section. The dry content of the paper web leaving the wire section was about 20 %.
- the paper web was dewatered in a press section having two nips to obtain a dry content of about 40 %.
- the dewatered paper web was then dried in a subsequent drying section having 9 dryer groups and one Clupak unit arranged in series.
- the Clupak unit was arranged between dryer group six and dryer group seven.
- the hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar was set to 20 bar, resulting in a line load of 22 kN/m.
- the hydraulic cylinder pressure stretching the rubber belt was set to 31 bar, resulting in a belt tension of 7 kN/m.
- a release liquid 1% polyetylene glycol
- the target MD stretch was 6 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 % and 14 %, respectively.
- the speed of the paper web in the press section and the drying section was adapted (see figure 3 ).
- the speed of the paper web in the dryer group directly downstream the Clupak unit relative the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit was changed between the trials.
- the relative speed was -4.4 %
- the relative speed was -11.0 %.
- Table 1 shows a significant increase in MD stretch by lowering the relative speed.
- Gurley values of Table 1 show that the compacting resulting from the lower relative speeds did not close the pores of the sack paper (only a moderate increase in Gurley values was observed). Further, the compacting only slightly increased the surface roughness of the wire side of the sack paper (that is intended for printing).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Description
- The present disclosure relates to the field of highly stretchable sack paper.
- During filling and handling of powdery material, such as cement, paper sacks are required to meet high standards.
- Firstly, the paper sacks need to hold a considerable material weight, i.e. have high strength. For this purpose, Kraft paper is a suitable sack wall material. The sacks typically have two or more walls, i.e. layers of paper material, to further strengthen the sack construction. A wall layer of a sack is often referred to as a ply. Production of ply material (i.e. sack paper) is for example disclosed in
WO 99/02772 - Secondly, the paper sack should vent air during filling. In detail, the air that accompanies the powdered material shall efficiently vent from the sack as the filling machines that delivers the material run at high throughput rates. Often, the venting capability of the sack is the actual limiting factor for the filling rate. Efficient venting also prevents air from being trapped in the sack. Such trapped air may otherwise cause under-weight packs, sack rupture and problems when sacks are stacked for transportation. The "venting" is also referred to as "deaeration".
- During the filling process, the only way for air to escape from the interior of the sack has, in many sack constructions, been through the walls of the sack. Kraft paper of high porosity is often used in the walls to achieve air permeability. However, an increased porosity of the paper normally results in a decrease in the overall strength. In particular, the strength may be significantly reduced if the paper material is mechanically perforated to achieve sufficient air permeability.
- To prevent sack rupture, e.g. when the sack is dropped, high tensile strength is not the only desired property for a sack paper. High stretchability has been shown to be equally important for preventing sack rupture. By carefully adapting a creping/compacting process using a Clupak device, the present inventors have managed to produce a sack paper that exhibits exceptional stretchability and maintains other properties, such as tensile strength and porosity (as measured by the Gurley test), at acceptable levels.
-
-
Fig 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of a pressing section and a drying section part comprising a Clupak unit. -
Fig 2 is a more detailed schematic illustration of a Clupak unit. - The table of
Fig 3 belong to the Examples section below and presents the speed of the paper web at various positions on the paper machine from the pressing section to the pope reel winding the paper into a paper roll. - As a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sack paper. A sack paper normally has a grammage (according to ISO 536) of 50-140 g/m2. As discussed below, the stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect is exceptionally high. The present inventors have found that generally, higher stretchabilities can be reached for sack papers of higher grammages. Accordingly, the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably 70-140 g/m2, such as 80-140 g/m2, such as 90-140 g/m2. Grammages above 130 g/m2 are rather unusual. Accordingly, the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect may be 70-130 g/m2, such as 80-130 g/m2, such as 90-130 g/m2.
- The air resistance according to Gurley (ISO 5636-5) is a measurement of the time (s) taken for 100 ml of air to pass through a specified area of a paper sheet. Short time means highly porous paper. As discussed above, highly porous paper enables high filling rates.
- As the paper is compacted in a Clupak unit, it could have been expected that the increase in stretchability of the present disclosure would come at the expense of an unacceptable reduction of the porosity. However, the present inventors have shown that such a drastic decrease of porosity is not obtained. Accordingly, the sack paper of the present disclosure has a Gurley value (ISO 5636-5) of 15 s or lower. Preferably, it is 13 s or lower, such as 12 s or lower. A sack paper having a Gurley value below 3 s often has an insufficient strength. Typical Gurley value ranges for the present disclosure are thus 3-15 s, preferably 3-13 s, such as 3-12 s.
- The present inventors have realized that there is a need for improved stretchability in the machine direction. The inventors' efforts have resulted in the sack paper of the first aspect, which is characterized by a stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the MD of above 10 %, preferably above 11 %, more preferably above 12 %. How to obtain such a stretchable paper is described in connection with the second aspect and in EXAMPLES section below.
- The stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect is typically above 6 %, preferably above 7 %, more preferably above 8 % or 9 %. A typical (practical) upper limit for the stretchability in the CD is 11 %. As shown in the EXAMPLES section below, the treatment substantially increasing the MD stretchability also results in a slight increase in CD stretchability.
- Tensile energy absorption (TEA) is often considered to be the paper property that best represents the relevant strength of the paper sack wall. This is supported by the correlation between TEA and drop tests. When a sack is dropped, the filling goods move inside the sack when it hits the floor. This movement strains the sack wall. To withstand the strain, the TEA should be high; a combination of high tensile strength and good stretch in the paper absorbs the energy.
- The tensile strength is the maximum force that a paper will withstand before breaking. In the standard test ISO 1924-3, a stripe having a width of 15 mm and a length of 100 mm is used with a constant rate of elongation.
- As stated above, the tensile strength is one parameter in the measurement of the TEA and the other parameter is stretchability. The tensile strength, the stretchability and the TEA value are obtained in the same test. The TEA index is the TEA value divided by the grammage. In the same manner, the tensile index is obtained by dividing the tensile strength by the grammage.
- To provide high tensile strength, the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably a Kraft paper, which means that is formed from a pulp prepared according to the Kraft process. For the same reason, the starting material used for preparing the pulp that is used for forming the sack paper preferably comprises softwood (which has long fibers and forms a strong paper). Accordingly, the sack paper is preferably formed from a paper pulp comprising at least 50 % softwood pulp, preferably at least 75 % softwood pulp and more preferably at least 90 % softwood pulp. The percentages are based of the dry weight of the pulp.
- Further, the sack paper may comprise at least one dry strength agent to improve the tensile strength. The at least one dry strength agent preferably comprises starch, preferably cationic starch. In addition to cationic starch, the sack paper may comprise anionic and/or amphoteric starch. For example, the added amount of starch may be 2-15 kg/ton paper, such as 3-14 kg/ton paper.
- The tensile index of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably at least 50 kNm/kg, such as at least 55 kNm/kg, in the MD and at least 40 kNm/kg, such as at least 45 kNm/kg, in the MD.
- The exceptional stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect results in high TEA values. The TEA according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 300 J/m2, such as at least 330 J/m2, such as at least 350 J/m2. Further, the TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 3.4 J/g, such as at least 3.5 J/g.
- The TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.6 J/g.
- The sack paper of the first aspect may be bleached, which means that its brightness may be least 78 % or at least 80 % according to ISO 2470-1. Preferably, the brightness of a bleached sack paper according o the first aspect is at least 83 %.
- Sack paper is normally printed. Accordingly, the sack paper of the first aspect preferably provides a satisfactory printing surface. Satisfactory printing properties are for example reflected by a relatively low surface roughness. It might have been expected that the heavy creping/compacting in the Clupak unit described below would drastically increase the surface roughness, but the present inventors have demonstrated that this is not the case. In fact, the surface roughness of the wire side (particularly suitable for printing) was increased by only 7 % (from 895 ml/min to 957 ml/min) when the stretchability in the MD was more than doubled (see table 1 of the EXAMPLES section).
- The Bendtsen roughness according to ISO 8791-2 of at least one side of the sack paper of the first aspect may thus be below 1200 ml/min, preferably below 1100 ml/min, such as below 1000 ml/min.
- In one embodiment, the sack paper of the first aspect may be treated to form a barrier, for example on a surface of the paper. The barrier is preferably a moisture barrier and/or a water barrier. The barrier may also be a grease barrier. In such a treatment, a barrier chemical or barrier composition is applied, e.g. by blade coating, curtain coating or spraying. It is also possible to add a barrier-forming agent to the pulp.
- As a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of producing a sack paper according to the first aspect. The method comprises drying a paper web in a drying section comprising a Clupak unit and a dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit.
- A dryer group refers to a drying arrangement comprising at least one dryer screen and at least one drying cylinder against which the dryer screen(s) holds the paper web passing through the drying group. The components of a drying group are coupled or such that the paper web moves with substantially constant speed through the dryer group.
- Typically, a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series upstream the Clupak unit of the second aspect. The second aspect is not limited to any particular design of such dryer groups as long as the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 %.
- In one embodiment of the second aspect, a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series downstream the Clupak unit.
- The drying section is typically arranged downstream a pressing section.
Figure 1 illustrates apressing section 100 comprising two press nips 101 and 102. Further,figure 1 illustrates adrying section part 103 comprising afirst dryer group 104 arranged directly upstream aClupak unit 105 and asecond dryer group 106 arranged directly downstream theClupak unit 105. - As mentioned above, the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 % according to the method of the second aspect. The inventors have found that such relatively high moisture levels facilitate the increase in stretchability. Preferably, the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 32-40 %. Further, the inventors have found that the increase in stretchability is facilitated by a relatively high nip bar line load, i.e. at least 20 kN/m, in the Clupak unit. Preferably, the nip bar line load is at least 21 kN/m or at least 22 kN/m. A typical upper limit may be 30 kN/m. In the Clupak unit, the nip bar line load is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar. The nip bar is sometimes referred to as the "nip roll".
- The present inventors have shown that the stretchability in the machine direction to a large extent depends on the relative speed over the Clupak unit. In detail, the inventors have found that the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit should be 8-14 % lower than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit. Preferably, the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak is 9-14 % lower, such as 9-13 % lower, than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
- In one embodiment, the rubber belt tension in the Clupak unit is at least 5 kN/m (such as 5-9 kN/m), preferably at least 6 kN/m (such as 6-9 kN/m), such as about 7 kN/m. In the Clupak unit, the rubber belt tension is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the tension roll stretching the rubber belt.
- The Clupak unit typically comprises a steel cylinder. When the paper web is compacted by the contraction/recoil of the rubber belt in the Clupak unit, it moves relative the steel cylinder. To reduce the friction between the paper web and the steel cylinder, it is preferred to add a release liquid. The release liquid may be water or water-based. The water-based release liquid may comprise a friction-reducing agent, such as polyethylene glycol or a silicone-based agent. In one embodiment, the release liquid is water comprising at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 %, such as 1-4 %, polyethylene glycol.
-
Fig 2 illustrates aClupak unit 205, comprising an endless rubber belt 207 (sometimes referred to as a "rubber blanket") contacted by twoblanket rolls guide roll 210, atension roll 211 and anip bar 212. A firsthydraulic arrangement 213 exerts pressure on thetension roll 211 to stretch therubber belt 207. A secondhydraulic arrangement 214 exerts pressure on thenip bar 212 to press therubber belt 207, which in turns presses thepaper web 217 against asteel cylinder 215. A releaseliquid spray nozzle 216 is arranged to apply a release liquid to thesteel cylinder 215. - As a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sack comprising a ply composed of the sack paper of the first aspect.
- The sack of the third aspect may comprise a hydraulic binder, such as a hydraulic binder for the production of a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
- Further, the sack of the third aspect may comprise a chemical product, a mineral or mineral mixture, a garden fertilizer, a foodstuff, animal feed or pet food.
- The sack of the third aspect may for example be a multiple-ply sack. Preferably, at least two, such as all, plies of such a multiple ply sack may be composed of a sack paper of the first aspect.
- In one embodiment of the third aspect, the sack is a one-ply sack, wherein the only ply is composed of a sack paper of the first aspect having a grammage of 90-140 g/m2, such as 95-130 g/m2. Such a one-ply sack could replace prior art sacks having two plies of 70-80 g/m2 sack paper and thus lower costs.
- In another embodiment of the third aspect, the sack is a two-ply sack, wherein the plies are composed of a sack paper according to any one of the preceding claims having a grammage of 70-110 g/m2, such as 80-110 g/m2, such as 80-100 g/m2. Such a two-ply sack would be stronger (e.g. have a higher TEA value) than corresponding prior art sacks.
- The dimensions of the sack of the third aspect may for example be such that it has a volume of 8-45 liters, preferably 12-45 liters in a filled configuration.
- When the sack of the present disclosure contains a hydraulic binder, such as cement, the amount of the hydraulic binder may for example be 17-60 kg. 25 kg sacks, 35 kg sacks and 50 kg sacks are demanded on the market and may thus be prepared according to the present disclosure. The dimensions of a filled 25 kg sack may for example be 400x450x110 mm. A "25 kg sack" typically can be filled with about 17.4 liters of material, while a "50 kg sack" is typically can be filled with about 35 liters of material.
- Five full-scale trials were carried out to produce sack paper of different stretchability in the machine direction.
- In all five trials, the sack paper was produced as described below.
- A bleached softwood Kraft pulp was provided. The pulp was subjected to high consistency (HC) refining (180 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 35 % and low consistency (LC) refining (20 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 4 %. Cationic starch (7 kg per ton paper), anionic starch (3 kg per ton paper), rosin size (2.2 kg per ton paper) and alum (3.5 kg per ton paper) were added to the pulp. In the headbox, the pH of the pulp/furnish was about 6.0 and the consistency of the pulp/furnish was about 0.2 %. A paper web was formed on a wire section. The dry content of the paper web leaving the wire section was about 20 %. The paper web was dewatered in a press section having two nips to obtain a dry content of about 40 %. The dewatered paper web was then dried in a subsequent drying section having 9 dryer groups and one Clupak unit arranged in series. The Clupak unit was arranged between dryer group six and dryer group seven. When entering the Clupak unit, the moisture content of the paper web was 33 %. The hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar was set to 20 bar, resulting in a line load of 22 kN/m. The hydraulic cylinder pressure stretching the rubber belt was set to 31 bar, resulting in a belt tension of 7 kN/m. To reduce the friction between the paper web and the steel cylinder in the Clupak unit, a release liquid (1% polyetylene glycol) was added in an amount 250 litre/hour.
- Five trials were carried out to obtain sack papers of different stretchability in the machine direction (MD stretch). In the first, second, third, fourth and fifth trial, the target MD stretch was 6 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 % and 14 %, respectively. To reach the respective MD stretch value, the speed of the paper web in the press section and the drying section was adapted (see
figure 3 ). In particular, the speed of the paper web in the dryer group directly downstream the Clupak unit relative the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit was changed between the trials. In the first trial (aiming for 6 % MD stretch), the relative speed was -4.4 %, while in the fifth trial (aiming for 14 % MD stretch), the relative speed was -11.0 %. - The properties of the sack papers obtained in trials 1-5 are presented in table 1 below.
Table 1. Trial 1 2 3 4 5 Target stretchability, MD (%) 6 8 10 12 14 Relative speed* (%) -4.4 -6.3 -7.9 -9.9 -11.0 Grammage (g/m2) 100.3 101.7 100.1 101.6 102.6 Thickness (µm) 149 154 152 156 156 Density (kg/m3) 675 660 659 652 660 Tensile strength, MD (kN/m) 6.46 6.56 5.86 5.71 5.63 Tensile strength, CD (kN/m) 4.91 4.64 4.85 4.84 4.62 Tensile index, MD (kNm/kg) 64.5 64.5 58.6 56.2 54.9 Tensile index, CD (kNm/kg) 49.0 45.6 48.4 47.6 45.0 Stretchability, MD (%) 6.0 8.2 9.6 11.6 13.3 Stretchability, CD (%) 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.2 TEA, MD (J/m2) 240 310 318 355 386 TEA, CD T (J/m2) 283 268 279 285 285 TEA index, MD (J/g) 2.4 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.8 TEA index, CD (J/g) 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 Tear strength, MD (mN) 1871 1752 1830 1936 1814 Tear strength, CD (mN) 2024 1962 2015 2019 1911 Tear index, MD (Nm2/kg) 18.7 17.2 18.3 19.1 17.7 Tear index, CD (Nm2/kg) 20.2 19.3 20.1 19.9 18.6 Burst strength (kPa) 508 542 517 488 467 Burst index (mN/kg) 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.8 4.6 Gurley value (s) 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.8 12.0 Bendtsen roughness, TS** (ml/min) 1569 1873 2223 2526 2915 Bendtsen roughness, WS*** (ml/min) 895 864 863 901 957 * The speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged directly downstream the Clupak unit relative the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
** Top side
*** Wire side - Table 1 shows a significant increase in MD stretch by lowering the relative speed. The Gurley values of Table 1 show that the compacting resulting from the lower relative speeds did not close the pores of the sack paper (only a moderate increase in Gurley values was observed). Further, the compacting only slightly increased the surface roughness of the wire side of the sack paper (that is intended for printing).
Claims (15)
- A sack paper, wherein:the grammage according to ISO 536 is 50-140 g/m2, such as 70-130 g/m2;the Gurley value according to ISO 5636-5 is 15 s or lower, such as 13 s or lower; andthe stretchability according to ISO 1924-3 in the machine direction is above 10 %, such as above 11 %, such as above 12 %.
- The sack paper of claim 1, which is a Kraft paper.
- The sack paper of claim 1 or 2, which is bleached.
- The sack paper of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stretchability according to ISO 1924-3 in the cross direction is above 6 %, such as above 7 %, such as above 8 %.
- The sack paper of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile energy absorption (TEA) index according to ISO 1924-3 in the machine direction is at least 3.4 J/g, such as at least 3.5 J/g.
- The sack paper of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tensile energy absorption (TEA) index according to ISO 1924-3 in the cross direction is at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.6 J/g.
- The sack paper of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stretchability according to ISO 1924-3 in the cross direction is above 6 %, such as above 7 %, such as above 8 %.
- The sack paper of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the Bendtsen roughness according to ISO 8791-2 of at least one side of the paper is below 1200 ml/min, such as below 1100 ml/min, such as below 1000 ml/min.
- A sack comprising a ply composed of the paper according to any one of the preceding claims.
- The sack of claim 9, which is a one-ply sack and wherein the ply is composed of a sack paper according to any one of the preceding claims having a grammage of 100-140 g/m2, such as 105-130 g/m2.
- The sack of claim 9, which is a two-ply sack and wherein the plies are composed of a sack paper according to any one of the preceding claims having a grammage of 80-110 g/m2, such as 90-110 g/m2.
- A method of producing a sack paper according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising drying a paper web in a drying section comprising a Clupak unit and a dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit, wherein:- the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 %;- the line load of the nip bar in the Clupak unit is 20-30 kN/m; and- the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit is 8-14 % lower than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
- The method according to claim 12, wherein the rubber belt tension in the Clupak unit is 5-9 kN/m, such as 6-9 kN/m, such as about 7 kN/m.
- The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the line load of the nip bar in the Clupak unit is 21-28 kN/m, such as about 22 kN/m.
- The method according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein water comprising at least 0.5 % polyetylene glycol is added as a release liquid in the Clupak unit.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16157913.1A EP3211135B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-02-29 | High-stretch sackpaper |
CN201780013683.6A CN108884640B (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | High-extensibility paper for paper bag |
RU2018130364A RU2726529C1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | High-expandable sachet paper |
CA3015024A CA3015024C (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | High-stretch sackpaper |
EP17706833.5A EP3423631B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | Method of producing a high-stretch sackpaper |
PCT/EP2017/054605 WO2017148921A1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | High-stretch sackpaper |
ES17706833T ES2932151T3 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | Production method of a high-stretch paper sack |
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EP16157913.1A EP3211135B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-02-29 | High-stretch sackpaper |
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EP3211135B1 true EP3211135B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
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EP16157913.1A Active EP3211135B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2016-02-29 | High-stretch sackpaper |
EP17706833.5A Active EP3423631B1 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2017-02-28 | Method of producing a high-stretch sackpaper |
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EP (2) | EP3211135B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108884640B (en) |
CA (1) | CA3015024C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2932151T3 (en) |
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WO2022056567A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | Mondi Ag | Pallet outer packaging paper |
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ES2875752T3 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-11-11 | Billerudkorsnaes Ab | Bottle cap, bottle comprising cap and methods |
DE102020114602A1 (en) | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING CROSS-DIRECTIONAL EXTENSIBLE FIBER WEB |
HRP20231271T1 (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2024-02-02 | Mm Kotkamills Absorbex Oy | Base paper, its use and multilayer structure |
DE102021122688A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Process and machine for producing a fibrous web |
CN115056541A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-16 | 日照华泰纸业有限公司 | Stretchable device control system for stretchable paper bag paper production |
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- 2017-02-28 WO PCT/EP2017/054605 patent/WO2017148921A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-02-28 CA CA3015024A patent/CA3015024C/en active Active
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RU2726529C1 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
EP3211135A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
CN108884640A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
CA3015024C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
ES2932151T3 (en) | 2023-01-13 |
CA3015024A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
CN108884640B (en) | 2021-05-25 |
WO2017148921A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
EP3423631A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
EP3423631B1 (en) | 2022-08-17 |
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